WO2017133641A1 - 膜元件 - Google Patents

膜元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133641A1
WO2017133641A1 PCT/CN2017/072753 CN2017072753W WO2017133641A1 WO 2017133641 A1 WO2017133641 A1 WO 2017133641A1 CN 2017072753 W CN2017072753 W CN 2017072753W WO 2017133641 A1 WO2017133641 A1 WO 2017133641A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane
raw water
flow path
water flow
protection device
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PCT/CN2017/072753
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄燕
薛莲
王晨
Original Assignee
艾欧史密斯（南京）水处理产品有限公司
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Publication of WO2017133641A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017133641A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a membrane element.
  • the common application form of filter membrane technology in water treatment is generally made into a spiral wound membrane element, also known as a coiled membrane element.
  • the opening of the rolled membrane element is bonded to the central tube containing the opening while the membrane element is wound onto the central tube, so that the feed water flow flows from the outside of the filtration membrane, and the fresh water is passed through the membrane element under the pressure of the feed water.
  • Inside the center tube a spiral wound membrane element, also known as a coiled membrane element.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a membrane element in the prior art of the above patent.
  • the membrane element has a central tube in the housing.
  • the raw water enters the housing from both ends of the housing.
  • a part of the filter membrane acts to form a lower concentration of water and enters the central tube. Then, it flows out from one end or both ends of the central pipe.
  • This part of water can be called pure water or fresh water; the other part flows out from the side of the casing, which can be called waste water or concentrated water.
  • waste water or concentrated water can be called waste water or concentrated water.
  • the filter membrane 11 is wound on the central tube 12 and filled in the membrane shell 5, and the wastewater flows out from the outlet of the raw water channel of the filtration membrane 11 and enters the membrane shell 5, and the wastewater is collected through the membrane shell 5, and then The waste water outlet 51 opened on the membrane casing 5 is discharged. Since the filter film 11 is wound on the center tube 12 and needs to be loaded into the inside of the film case 5, the side wall inside the film case 5 has a certain inclination, and the gap between the film protection device 2 and the film case 5 must be large, so that The filter membrane 11 is conveniently inserted into the membrane shell 5. However, after the larger gap causes the wastewater to flow out from the outlet of the raw water channel, the flow rate of the wastewater drops sharply and substantially drops to zero.
  • the technical problem to be solved by embodiments of the present invention is to provide a membrane element capable of reducing deposition of contaminants at the outlet of the raw water flow path of the filtration membrane.
  • a membrane element comprising:
  • a filter membrane having a raw water flow path and a pure water flow path separated from each other, the outlet of the raw water flow path being located on at least one side of the filter film,
  • the membrane element further includes:
  • a flow rate control device in communication with an outlet of the raw water flow passage for controlling a velocity of a fluid flowing through the flow rate control device.
  • the flow rate control device comprises a membrane protection device sleeved outside the filtration membrane, having at least one opening in communication with an outlet of the raw water flow channel, the membrane protection device passing The opening directs fluid flowing from the outlet of the raw water flow path out of the membrane protection device.
  • the membrane element further comprises a membrane shell for containing the filtration membrane and the membrane protection device, a gap between the membrane protection device and the filtration membrane is smaller than the membrane protection device and the membrane The gap between the shells.
  • the gap between the membrane protection device and the filtration membrane ranges between the membrane element raw water channel thickness to the gap between the membrane element and the membrane shell.
  • the membrane protection device comprises a flexible member that is wrapped around the filter membrane.
  • the membrane element includes a first end cap and a second end cap disposed at opposite ends of the filter membrane, the flexible member being sealed by glue with the first end cap and the second end cap, respectively.
  • the flexible member is made of a polypropylene or polyester material.
  • the membrane protection device comprises a barrel made of a rigid material.
  • the filter membrane comprises a grid disposed in the raw water flow channel, and a spacing between an inner sidewall of the cylinder and an outer sidewall of the filter membrane is a thickness of the grid.
  • the ratio of the flow rate of water flowing out of the opening to the flow rate of water flowing in from the inlet of the raw water flow path is in accordance with a first predetermined ratio range.
  • the first preset ratio ranges between 0-1.
  • the membrane element comprises a first end cap and a second end cap disposed at opposite ends of the filter membrane, the first end cap and the second end cap being respectively coupled to the barrel.
  • the rigid material is one of ABS, PP, PA, POM and stainless steel materials.
  • the outlet of the raw water flow path is located on the short side of the filter film when it is deployed.
  • the filtration membrane is one of a reverse osmosis membrane and a nanofiltration membrane.
  • the flow rate control device includes a baffle disposed at an outlet of the raw water flow path.
  • the flow rate control device includes an extension portion disposed at a raw water flow path outlet of the filtration membrane and extending in a winding direction of the filtration membrane, and a flow path formed between the extension portion and the filtration membrane The cross-sectional area is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the raw water flow path in the filtration membrane.
  • the flow rate control device is provided in the present invention, and the flow rate control device has a certain control effect on the flow rate of the wastewater.
  • the flow rate control device causes the flow rate of the wastewater on the surface of the filtration membrane to decrease slowly, without sudden abrupt decay, and the flushing speed of the outer ring of the membrane element can be improved.
  • the degree of contamination at the outlet of the raw water flow path of the filtration membrane can be effectively reduced.
  • the contaminated flow rate control device can be sleeved outside the membrane element, and the impurities outside the residual flow rate control device will not directly affect the filter membrane, which can effectively prolong the service life of the membrane element.
  • the membrane protection device of the present invention may be made of a rigid material, and by controlling the size of the opening formed therein, the flow rate of the wastewater from the raw water channel and the flow from the pure water channel can be effectively controlled.
  • the waste water ratio device can be saved, so that the cost of the product can be reduced.
  • the above structure can play a certain role in adjusting the wastewater ratio, thereby further increasing the diameter of the used wastewater than the device, thereby effectively preventing the clogging of the wastewater than the device.
  • the flexible member is wound around the membrane element as a membrane protection device, and the distance between the protection device and the membrane in the membrane element is the thickness of the grid in the filter membrane, and the opening is opened on the flexible member.
  • the opening is evenly distributed at the outlet of the raw water flow passage, and the opening area can be the same as the cross-sectional area of the inlet water flow passage.
  • the membrane protection device can ensure that the flow rate of the wastewater contacting the membrane element is not suddenly attenuated, and the erosion speed of the outer ring of the membrane element is increased, thereby reducing the accumulation of pollutants.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the outer shape of a side flow type reverse osmosis membrane element.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the membrane element of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the membrane element of the present invention taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • the present invention discloses a membrane element comprising: a filtration membrane 11 having a raw water flow path and a pure water flow path isolated from each other.
  • the outlet of the water flow channel is located on at least one side of the filter membrane 11, and the membrane protection device 2 is sleeved outside the filtration membrane 11, and has at least one opening 21 communicating with the outlet of the raw water flow channel, the membrane protection device 2
  • the fluid flowing out of the outlet of the raw water flow channel is led out of the membrane protection device 2 through the opening 21.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the membrane element of the present invention taken along line AA of FIG. 2.
  • raw water flows into the filtration membrane 11 from the inlet 6 of the raw water flow path in the filtration membrane 11, and the raw water is converted into the raw water by the treatment of the filtration membrane 11.
  • Pure water and waste water in which pure water flows along the pure water flow path, and the waste water flows out along the outlet of the raw water flow channel.
  • the inlet 6 of the raw water flow path may be provided at the upper and lower ends of the membrane element at the same time, or may be provided only at any one of the upper and lower ends of the membrane element.
  • the inlet of the raw water flow passage is located on the long side of the filtration membrane, and the outlet of the raw water flow passage is located on the short side of the filtration membrane.
  • the filter film 11 is wound around the center tube 12, and the center tube 12 is provided with a through hole 121, and the outlet of the raw water flow path is located outside the filter film 11 wound on the center tube 12, and the waste water is self-rolled.
  • the outer side of the filtration membrane 11 is wound around the central tube 12, and pure water flows from the through-hole 121 of the central tube 12 into the inside of the central tube 12 from the pure water flow path.
  • a membrane protection device 2 is disposed on the outer side of the membrane 11 , and at least one opening 21 is opened in the membrane protection device 2 . After the wastewater flows out from the outside of the membrane 11 , the membrane protection device 2 continues from the inside of the membrane protection device 2 . The opening 21 flows out and finally flows to the outside of the membrane protection device 2.
  • the membrane protection device 2 may be a flexible member that is coated on the outside of the filtration membrane.
  • the flexible member may be made of a flexible, bendable material such as tape or rubber, the flexible member being straight
  • the winding is disposed outside the filter film 11, so that the flexible member and the filter film 11 can be closely adhered to each other, and the gap between the flexible member and the filter film 11 is small.
  • At least one opening 21 is formed in the flexible member along the axial direction of the center tube 12. The opening 21 may be opposed to the position of the raw water flow path outlet of the filtration membrane 11, and when the wastewater flows out from the outlet of the raw water flow path, it directly flows into the opening 21 of the flexible member which is coated outside the filtration membrane 11.
  • the flexible member Due to the provision of the flexible member, the flexible member has a certain control effect on the flow velocity of the wastewater during the process from the raw water flow passage of the filtration membrane 11 to the opening 21 through the flexible member.
  • the flow rate of the wastewater on the surface of the filtration membrane 11 tends to decrease slowly due to the opening 21 of the flexible member.
  • contaminants in the wastewater can be deposited less on the raw water flow path outlet of the filtration membrane 11 and the surface of the filtration membrane 11.
  • the contaminants in the wastewater can remain outside the membrane protection device 2.
  • the degree of contamination at the outlet of the raw water channel of the filtration membrane 11 can be effectively reduced, and at the same time, the membrane protection device 2 whose outer surface is contaminated is sleeved outside the filtration membrane 11, and impurities outside the residual membrane protection device are not applied to the filtration membrane. 11 has a direct impact, which can effectively extend the life of the membrane element.
  • the membrane element includes a first end cap 3 and a second end cap 4 disposed at both ends of the filter membrane 11, and the flexible member is sealed with the first end cap 3 and the second end cap 4 by glue, respectively.
  • the inlet of the raw water flow channel may be located at the first end cap 3 and/or the second end cap 4, specifically at the inner sides of the ends of the wound filter membrane 11.
  • the outer sides of both ends of the filtration membrane 11 are sealed by glue until they are sealed to the flexible member coated outside the filtration membrane 11.
  • the membrane element further includes a membrane casing 5 for accommodating the filtration membrane 11 and the membrane protection device 2.
  • a waste water chamber communicating with the outlet of the raw water flow path is formed between the membrane casing 5 and the membrane protection device 2. Since the filter membrane 11 is a consumable part, it needs to be replaced periodically or irregularly. Therefore, in order to facilitate the assembly of the membrane element, the gap between the membrane casing 5 and the membrane protection device 2 is large, so that the membrane protection device 2 and the filtration membrane 11 are installed into the membrane casing 5.
  • the gap between the membrane protection device 2 and the filtration membrane 11 is smaller than the gap between the membrane protection device 2 and the membrane can 5.
  • the gap between the membranes 11 of the membrane protection device 2 can be controlled such that the gap between the membrane protection device 2 and the filtration membrane 11 is smaller than between the membrane protection device 2 and the membrane casing 5. gap.
  • the gap between the membrane protection device 2 and the filtration membrane 11 ranges between the membrane element raw water channel thickness to the gap between the membrane element and the membrane shell 5. Within this range, on the one hand, it is ensured that the wastewater flows through a gap between the two at a certain large flow rate, and on the other hand, the wastewater has a certain flow rate to reduce the occurrence of contaminant precipitation.
  • the membrane protection device 2 can comprise a barrel made of a rigid material.
  • the rigid material is one of rigid materials such as PP (polypropylene), ABS (ABS plastic), PA (polyamide plastic), POM (polyoxymethylene), and stainless steel.
  • at least one opening 21 is opened in the cylinder, and the cylinder passes the fluid flowing out from the outlet of the raw water passage through the opening 21 to the outside of the membrane protection device 2.
  • the membrane protection device 2 needs to have a certain strength to withstand higher pressures, so the membrane protection device 2 needs to be made of a rigid material.
  • the cylinder After the cylinder is provided, in the process from the outlet of the raw water passage of the filtration membrane 11 to the opening 21 passing through the cylinder, the cylinder has a certain control effect on the flow velocity of the wastewater.
  • the wastewater flows out from the raw water channel outlet of the filtration membrane 11, the flow rate of the wastewater on the surface of the filtration membrane 11 tends to decrease slowly due to the opening 21 of the cylinder.
  • contaminants in the wastewater can be deposited less on the raw water flow path outlet of the filtration membrane 11 and the surface of the filtration membrane 11.
  • the contaminants in the wastewater can remain outside the membrane protection device 2.
  • the degree of contamination at the outlet of the raw water channel of the filtration membrane 11 can be effectively reduced, and at the same time, the membrane protection device 2 whose outer surface is contaminated is sleeved outside the filtration membrane 11, and impurities outside the residual membrane protection device are not applied to the filtration membrane. 11 has a direct impact, which can effectively extend the life of the membrane element.
  • the membrane element further includes a first end cap 3 and a second end cap 4 disposed at opposite ends of the filter membrane 11, the first end cap 3 and the second end cap 4 being fixedly coupled to the barrel, respectively.
  • the first end cover 3 and the second end cover 4 are used for sealing both ends of the cylinder, and the first end cover 3 and the second end cover 4 and the two ends of the filter film 11 can be sealed by glue, so that the filter film is ensured.
  • the raw water flow path formed by 11 does not leak at both ends of the filtration membrane 11.
  • the filter membrane 11 may further include a grid disposed in the raw water flow path, and the spacing between the inner side wall of the cylinder and the outer side wall of the filtration membrane 11 is the thickness of the grid.
  • the grid disposed in the raw water flow path enables a certain gap between the membrane and the membrane in the filtration membrane 11, so that the raw water can be easily flowed in the filtration membrane 11.
  • the distance between the inner side wall of the cylinder and the outer side wall of the filter membrane 11 is the thickness of the grid, after the wastewater flows out from the outlet of the raw water channel, the wastewater is between the cylinder and the outer side wall of the filter membrane 11, and the wastewater is not only It is possible to flow between the cylinder and the outer side wall of the filtration membrane 11 while maintaining a relatively fast flow rate, and contaminants in the wastewater do not occur on the outer side wall of the filtration membrane 11. The precipitation further contaminates the filtration membrane 11, thus achieving the purpose of protecting the filtration membrane 11.
  • the grid currently used is between 0.254 mm and 1.016 mm, but it is not excluded that it will be thinner or thicker.
  • the ratio of the flow rate of the water flowing out of the opening 21 to the flow rate of the water flowing in from the inlet of the raw water flow path conforms to the first preset ratio range.
  • the cylinder is provided with at least one opening 21, and the size of all the openings 21 can be controlled. Since the cylinder is made of a rigid material, when the size of the opening 21 is controlled, the water flowing out from the opening 21 Traffic can be further controlled.
  • the opening 21 When the opening 21 is small, the pressure applied to the opening 21 is large, and since the cylinder is a rigid material, the size of the opening 21 does not become large due to the pressure, so that a small opening 21 can be always ensured, thereby ensuring The flow rate of the raw water flowing out of the opening 21 from the opening 21 is stabilized, that is, the flow rate of the wastewater flowing out from the outlet of the raw water flow path is stabilized.
  • the size of 21 can effectively control the ratio of the flow rate of the wastewater from the raw water channel to the flow rate of the pure water flowing out of the pure water channel, or the flow rate of the wastewater flowing from the raw water channel and the original water channel.
  • the ratio of the flow of raw water flowing in. That is to say, adjusting the size of the opening 21 to the phase can achieve the purpose of adjusting the wastewater ratio of the membrane element. In this way, the waste water ratio device can be saved, thereby reducing the cost of the product.
  • the first preset ratio may range between 0-1, within which the wastewater ratio of the membrane element can be adjusted by varying the size of the opening 21. purpose.
  • the above structure can play a certain role in adjusting the wastewater ratio, thereby further increasing the diameter of the used wastewater than the device, thereby effectively preventing the clogging of the wastewater than the device.
  • the flow rate control device can include a baffle disposed at the outlet of the raw water flow passage.
  • the baffle plate may be disposed on the filter membrane 11 at the outlet of the raw water channel, and may be disposed at the inner wall of the outermost layer of the filter membrane 11 after winding, or may be disposed from the outside to the inside of the filtered membrane 11 after winding.
  • the baffle is disposed, the cross-sectional area at the outlet of the raw water flow passage is reduced, so that when the waste water in the raw water flow passage flows out from the outlet of the raw water flow passage, the baffle has a certain flow velocity to the waste water.
  • the control effect makes the degree of reduction of the wastewater flow rate slow, so that the precipitation of the pollutants in the waste water at the outlet of the raw water flow passage can be reduced, thereby reducing the degree of contamination at the outlet of the raw water flow passage of the filtration membrane 11.
  • the flow rate control device includes a raw water flow path outlet provided at the filtration membrane 11, an extension extending in the winding direction of the filtration membrane 11, and a cross-sectional area of the flow path formed between the extension and the filtration membrane 11. It is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the raw water flow path in the filtration membrane.
  • the extending portion is formed in the same manner as the winding of the filtration membrane 11, and may be provided at the outermost tail portion of the wound filtration membrane 11, and is continuously wound in the winding direction of the filtration membrane 11, the extension portion
  • the flow path formed between the winding and the filtration membrane 11 is in communication with the raw water flow path in the filtration membrane 11, And the cross-sectional area is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the raw water flow path in the filtration membrane 11.
  • the extension portion When the wastewater flows out of the flow path formed between the extension portion and the filtration membrane 11, the extension portion has a certain control effect on the flow velocity of the wastewater, so that the degree of decrease in the flow velocity of the wastewater is slowed, and thus the possibility of precipitation of pollutants in the wastewater of the runner The property becomes small, which in turn reduces the degree of contamination at the outlet of the raw water flow path of the filtration membrane 11.
  • the contaminant in the wastewater precipitates on the extension portion due to the arrangement of the extension portion, and does not directly precipitate on the filtration membrane itself, thus, the pollutant It does not directly affect the filter membrane 11, which can effectively extend the service life of the membrane element.
  • the filtration membrane 11 may be one of a reverse osmosis membrane and a nanofiltration membrane.
  • the type of the filtration membrane 11 is not limited to the above description, and any other filtration membrane 11 that can filter the water. Both can be used in the present embodiment.
  • Other changes may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the technical spirit of the present application. However, as long as the functions and effects thereof are the same or similar to the present application, they should be covered by the present application.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

一种膜元件，其包括：过滤膜（11），具有相互隔离的原水流道和纯水流道，原水流道的出口位于过滤膜（11）的至少一侧边，膜保护装置（2）套设在过滤膜（11）外，其具有与原水流道的出口连通的至少一个的开口（21），膜保护装置（2）通过开口（21）将自原水流道的出口流出的流体导出膜保护装置（2）外。能够降低原水流道的出口处污染物的沉积，有效延长膜元件的使用寿命。

Description

膜元件
交叉参考相关引用
本申请要求2016年2月2日提交的申请号为201610075157.X的中国专利申请的优先权，上述申请参考并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及水处理技术领域，特别涉及一种膜元件。
背景技术
过滤膜技术在水处理中的常见应用形式一般是制成螺旋卷式膜元件，又称卷式膜元件。卷式膜元件的开口一边黏结在含有开孔的中心管上，同时将膜元件卷绕到中心管上，使给水水流从过滤膜的外侧流过，在给水压力下，使淡水通过膜元件进入中心管内。
中国专利公布号为CN102976447A的发明专利公开了一种膜元件，图1是上述专利现有技术中的一种膜元件的外形的示意图。如图1所示，膜元件的壳体内有中心管，在使用时，原水从壳体两端进入壳体，在压力的作用下一部分经过过滤膜的作用形成浓度较低的水，进入中心管之后从中心管一端或两端流出，这部分水可称作纯水或淡水；另一部分从壳体侧方流出，可称作废水或浓水。但是在长期使用过程中发现，在膜元件中膜片的废水出口处可能堆积有一些或较多污染物或沉积物，这样影响了膜元件的过滤效率以及其使用寿命也发生了降低。
发明内容
在现有技术中，卷绕在中心管12上过滤膜11装填在膜壳5内部，废水自过滤膜11原水流道的出口流出后进入膜壳5内，废水经膜壳5收集后，从开设在膜壳5上的废水出口51排出。由于卷绕在中心管12上过滤膜11需要装填进膜壳5内部，所以膜壳5内部的侧壁具有一定斜度，膜保护装置2与膜壳5之间的间隙必须较大，如此可以方便过滤膜11塞入膜壳5内。但是，该较大的间隙使得废水自原水流道的出口流出后，废水的流速发生骤降，基本上降为0。在极低的速度下，废水中的污染物会不断沉积在原水流道出口的过滤膜11上，进而扩大至整个过滤膜11的侧壁上。这样，在使用过程中会大 大降低膜元件的使用寿命。
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题是提供了一种膜元件，其能够减少过滤膜原水流道的出口处污染物的沉积。
本发明实施例的具体技术方案是：
一种膜元件，其包括：
过滤膜，所述过滤膜具有相互隔离的原水流道和纯水流道，所述原水流道的出口位于所述过滤膜的至少一侧边，
所述膜元件还包括：
流速控制装置，所述流速控制装置与所述原水流道的出口连通，其用于对流经所述流速控制装置的流体的速度进行控制。
优选地，所述流速控制装置包括膜保护装置，所述膜保护装置套设在所述过滤膜外，其具有与所述原水流道的出口连通的至少一个的开口，所述膜保护装置通过所述开口将自原水流道的出口流出的流体导出所述膜保护装置外。
优选地，所述膜元件还包括用于容纳所述过滤膜和所述膜保护装置的膜壳，所述膜保护装置与所述过滤膜之间的间隙小于所述膜保护装置与所述膜壳之间的间隙。
优选地，所述膜保护装置与所述过滤膜之间的间隙的范围在所述膜元件原水流道厚度至所述膜元件与所述膜壳的间隙之间。
优选地，所述膜保护装置包括包覆于所述过滤膜外的柔性件。
优选地，所述膜元件包括设置在所述过滤膜两端的第一端盖和第二端盖，所述柔性件分别与所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖通过胶水密封。
优选地，所述柔性件为聚丙烯或聚酯材料制成。
优选地，所述膜保护装置包括由刚性材料制成的筒体。
优选地，所述过滤膜包括设置在所述原水流道的格网，所述筒体的内侧壁与所述过滤膜的外侧壁之间的间距为所述格网的厚度。
优选地，自所述开口流出的水的流量与自所述原水流道的进口流进的水的流量的比值符合第一预设比值范围。
优选地，所述第一预设比值范围为0-1之间。
优选地，所述膜元件包括设置在所述过滤膜两端的第一端盖和第二端盖，所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖分别与筒体连接。
优选地，所述刚性材料为ABS、PP、PA、POM和不锈钢材料其中之一。
优选地，所述原水流道的出口位于所述过滤膜展开时的短边侧。
优选地，所述过滤膜为反渗透膜和纳滤膜中的一种。
优选地，所述流速控制装置包括设置在所述原水流道的出口处的挡板。
优选地，所述流速控制装置包括设置在所述过滤膜的原水流道出口且沿所述过滤膜卷绕方向延伸的延伸部，所述延伸部与所述过滤膜之间形成的流道的横截面面积小于所述过滤膜中原水流道的横截面面积。
本发明的技术方案具有以下显著有益效果：
1、本发明中设有流速控制装置，流速控制装置对废水的流速具有一定的控制作用。当过滤膜的原水流道的出口流出流体时，流速控制装置使得废水在过滤膜表面的流速呈较为缓慢的下降趋势，不发生骤然衰减，可以提高膜元件外圈的冲刷速度。借由上述结构可以有效地降低过滤膜原水流道的出口处被污染的程度。同时，受污染的流速控制装置可以套设在膜元件外，残留流速控制装置外的杂质不会对过滤膜产生直接影响，这样可以有效延长膜元件的使用寿命。
2、本发明中膜保护装置其可以有由刚性材料制成，通过控制开设在其上的开口的大小可以有效控制整个膜元件自原水流道流出的废水的流量与自纯水流道流出的纯水的流量之比，或者是自原水流道流出的废水的流量与自原水流道流进的原水的流量之比，进而起到调节废水比的作用。借由上述结构，可以节省废水比装置，从而可以降低产品的成本。其次，当同时设置有废水比装置时，借由上述结构起到一定的调节废水比的作用，进而可以调大使用的废水比装置的孔径，从而可有效防止废水比装置的堵塞。
3.本发明一种实施方式中以膜元件外侧缠绕柔性件作为膜保护装置，该保护装置与膜元件中的膜片之间的距离为过滤膜中格网的厚度，柔性件上开设有开口，开口均匀分布在原水流道出口处，开口面积可以与进水流道截面积相同。该膜保护装置可以保证与膜元件接触的废水流速不发生骤然衰减，提高膜元件外圈的冲刷速度，从而降低污染物的堆积。
附图说明
在此描述的附图仅用于解释目的，而不意图以任何方式来限制本发明公开的范围。另外，图中的各部件的形状和比例尺寸等仅为示意性的，用于帮助对本发明的理解，并不是具体限定本发明各部件的形状和比例尺寸。本领域的技术人员在本发明的教导下，可以根据具体情况选择各种可能的形状和比例尺寸来实施本发明。
图1为侧流式反渗透膜元件的外形的示意图。
图2为本发明膜元件的正视图。
图3为本发明膜元件图2中A-A的剖面图。
以上附图的附图标记：11、过滤膜；12、中心管；121、通孔；2、膜保护装置；21、开口；3、第一端盖；4、第二端盖；5、膜壳；51、废水出口；6、原水流道的入口。
具体实施方式
结合附图和本发明具体实施方式的描述，能够更加清楚地了解本发明的细节。但是，在此描述的本发明的具体实施方式，仅用于解释本发明的目的，而不能以任何方式理解成是对本发明的限制。在本发明的教导下，技术人员可以构想基于本发明的任意可能的变形，这些都应被视为属于本发明的范围。
图2为本发明膜元件的正视图,如图2所示，本发明公开了一种膜元件，其包括：过滤膜11，过滤膜11具有相互隔离的原水流道和纯水流道，原水流道的出口位于过滤膜11的至少一侧边，膜保护装置2，膜保护装置2套设在过滤膜11外，其具有与原水流道的出口连通的至少一个的开口21，膜保护装置2通过开口21将自原水流道的出口流出的流体导出膜保护装置2外。
图3为本发明膜元件图2中A-A的剖面图，如图3所示，原水自过滤膜11中的原水流道的入口6流入过滤膜11中，经过过滤膜11的处理，原水转变成纯水和废水两部分，其中，纯水沿着纯水流道流出，废水则沿着原水流道的出口流出。原水流道的入口6可以同时设置在膜元件的上下两端，也可以仅设置在膜元件中上下两端中的任意一端。换言之，当膜元件中的过滤膜处于展开状态时，原水流道的入口位于过滤膜的长边侧，原水流道的出口位于过滤膜的短边侧。
如图2所示，过滤膜11卷绕在中心管12上，中心管12上开设有通孔121，原水流道的出口位于卷绕在中心管12上的过滤膜11的外侧，废水自卷绕在中心管12上的过滤膜11的外侧流出，纯水自纯水流道从中心管12的通孔121流入中心管12内部。在过滤膜11的外侧套设有膜保护装置2，膜保护装置2上开设有至少一个开口21，废水自过滤膜11的外侧流出后，从膜保护装置2的内部继续自膜保护装置2的开口21流出，最终流至膜保护装置2的外部。
具体的，在一种实施方式中，膜保护装置2可以为包覆在过滤膜外的柔性件。在本实施方式中，柔性件可以由胶带、橡胶等具有柔性的可以弯折的材料制成，该柔性件直 接绕设在过滤膜11外，如此，可以使得柔性件与过滤膜11之间紧贴，柔性件与过滤膜11之间的间隙较小。柔性件上沿中心管12的轴线方向开设至少一个开口21。该开口21可以与过滤膜11的原水流道出口的位置相对，当废水自原水流道的出口流出后，直接流入包覆在过滤膜11外的柔性件的开口21。由于设置有柔性件后，废水在从过滤膜11的原水流道出口至通过柔性件的开口21的过程中，柔性件对废水的流速具有一定的控制作用。当废水从过滤膜11的原水流道出口流出后，由于柔性件的开口21，因而使得废水在过滤膜11表面的流速呈较为缓慢的下降趋势。如此，废水中的污染物可以较少地沉积在过滤膜11的原水流道出口以及过滤膜11表面。当废水通过柔性件(即膜保护装置2)上的开口21导出到膜保护装置2外，此时由于膜保护装置2外的空间突然变大，废水的流速发生骤降。此时由于水流速度大幅降低，因此废水中的污染物可以残留在膜保护装置2外。如此，可以有效降低过滤膜11原水流道的出口处被污染的程度，同时，外表面受污染的膜保护装置2套设在过滤膜11外，残留膜保护装置外的杂质不会对过滤膜11产生直接影响，这样可以有效延长膜元件的使用寿命。
在本实施方式中，膜元件包括设置在过滤膜11两端的第一端盖3和第二端盖4，柔性件分别与第一端盖3和第二端盖4通过胶水密封。如此，原水流道的进口可以位于第一端盖3和/或第二端盖4处，具体而言为卷绕的过滤膜11两端的内侧处。过滤膜11的两端的外侧均通过胶水进行密封，直至密封至包覆在过滤膜11外的柔性件处。这样以后，废水自过滤膜11的原水流道的出口流出后，只能自柔性件的开口21处流出，不会从柔性件的上下两端流出，这样可以避免柔性件的两端处出现污染物沉淀。
在本实施方式中，膜元件还包括用于容纳过滤膜11和膜保护装置2的膜壳5。在膜壳5与膜保护装置2之间形成有与原水流道的出口连通的废水腔。由于过滤膜11为易耗件，其定期或不定期的需要更换。所以为了便于膜元件的装配，膜壳5与膜保护装置2之间的间隙较大，以便于将膜保护装置2与过滤膜11安装入膜壳5中。
在本实施方式中，膜保护装置2与过滤膜11之间的间隙小于膜保护装置2与膜壳5之间的间隙。通过控制膜保护装置2的大小，便可以控制膜保护装置2过滤膜11之间的间隙，如此使得膜保护装置2与过滤膜11之间的间隙小于膜保护装置2与膜壳5之间的间隙。废水在流经膜保护装置2与过滤膜11之间的间隙时，由于该两者之间的间隙较小，其流速不会发生大幅下降，废水中的污染物不易在此时沉淀在过滤膜11的外侧壁上，当废水流至膜保护装置2与膜壳5之间的间隙时，由于间隙较大，废水流速发生骤降，废水中的污染物沉积在膜保护装置2外侧壁，即膜保护装置2与膜壳5之间的废水腔中。 如此，避免了过滤膜11外侧壁受到污染，有效延长了膜元件的使用寿命。膜保护装置2与膜壳5之间的间隙可以方便从膜壳5中取出带有膜保护装置2的膜元件。在一个优选的实施方式中，膜保护装置2与过滤膜11之间的间隙的范围在膜元件原水流道厚度至膜元件与膜壳5的间隙之间。在该范围内，一方面可以保证废水从两者之间的间隙中以一定大的流量流过，另外一方面，还保证了废水具有一定的流速，以减少出现污染物沉淀的情况。
在另一种实施方式中，膜保护装置2可以包括由刚性材料制成的筒体。刚性材料为PP(聚丙烯)、ABS(ABS塑料)、PA(聚酰胺塑料)、POM(聚甲醛)和不锈钢等具有刚性的材料其中之一。在本实施方式中，筒体上开设有至少一个的开口21，筒体通过开口21将自原水流道的出口流出的流体导出膜保护装置2外。在一些场合中，膜保护装置2需要具有一定强度以承受较高的压力，所以膜保护装置2需要由刚性材料制成。设置有筒体后，废水在从过滤膜11的原水流道出口至通过筒体的开口21的过程中，筒体对废水的流速具有一定的控制作用。当废水从过滤膜11的原水流道出口流出后，由于筒体的开口21，因而使得废水在过滤膜11表面的流速呈较为缓慢的下降趋势。如此，废水中的污染物可以较少地沉积在过滤膜11的原水流道出口以及过滤膜11表面。当废水通过筒体(即膜保护装置2)上的开口21导出到膜保护装置2外，此时由于膜保护装置2外的空间突然变大，废水的流速发生骤降。此时由于水流速度大幅降低，因此废水中的污染物可以残留在膜保护装置2外。如此，可以有效降低过滤膜11原水流道的出口处被污染的程度，同时，外表面受污染的膜保护装置2套设在过滤膜11外，残留膜保护装置外的杂质不会对过滤膜11产生直接影响，这样可以有效延长膜元件的使用寿命。
膜元件还包括设置在过滤膜11两端的第一端盖3和第二端盖4，第一端盖3和第二端盖4分别与筒体固定连接。第一端盖3和第二端盖4用于对筒体的两端进行密封，同时第一端盖3和第二端盖4与过滤膜11的两端可以通过胶水密封，如此保证过滤膜11形成的原水流道不会在过滤膜11的两端泄露。
在本实施方式中，过滤膜11还可以包括设置在原水流道的格网，筒体的内侧壁与过滤膜11的外侧壁之间的间距为格网的厚度。设置在原水流道中的格网能够使得过滤膜11中膜与膜之间存在一定间隙，如此可以方便原水在过滤膜11中流动。当筒体的内侧壁与过滤膜11的外侧壁之间的间距为格网的厚度时，废水自原水流道的出口流出后，废水处于筒体与过滤膜11的外侧壁之间，废水不但可以在筒体与过滤膜11的外侧壁之间流动，同时能够保持较快的流动速度，废水中的污染物不会在过滤膜11的外侧壁上发生 沉淀进而污染过滤膜11，如此达到保护过滤膜11的目的。目前使用格网的在0.254mm到1.016mm之间，但不排除之后会有更薄或更厚的。
在本实施方式中，自开口21流出的水的流量与自原水流道的进口流进的水的流量的比值符合第一预设比值范围。具体而言，筒体上开设有至少一个的开口21，所有开口21的大小可以进行控制，由于筒体是由刚性材料制成，当开口21的大小得到控制以后，自开口21流出的水的流量即可以得到进一步控制。当开口21很小时，开口21处的所承受的压强很大，由于筒体是刚性材料，开口21大小不会因压强大而发生变大，这样可以始终保证一个很小的开口21，进而保证原水流道从开口21流出的废水的流量的稳定，即从原水流道的出口流出的废水流量稳定。对于膜元件而言，原水流道进口的水一定时，若原水流道的出口的废水流量变小，则从纯水流道流出的纯水流量变大，如此，通过控制开设在其上的开口21的大小可以有效控制整个膜元件自原水流道流出的废水的流量与自纯水流道流出的纯水的流量之比，或者说是自原水流道流出的废水的流量与自原水流道流进的原水的流量之比。也就是说，调节该开口21的大小变相可以达到调节膜元件的废水比的目的。如此，可以节省废水比装置，从而可以降低产品的成本。通过改变开口21的大小对不同的膜元件进行实验，第一预设比值范围可以为0-1之间，在该范围内通过改变开口21的大小都可以达到对膜元件的废水比进行调节的目的。其次，当同时设置有废水比装置时，借由上述结构起到一定的调节废水比的作用，进而可以调大使用的废水比装置的孔径，从而可有效防止废水比装置的堵塞。
在一种实施方式中，流速控制装置可以包括设置在原水流道的出口处的挡板。该挡板可以设置于原水流道出口处过滤膜11上，具体可以设置于卷绕以后的过滤膜11最外层的内壁处，也可以设置于卷绕后的过滤膜11的从外到内的第二层的过滤膜的外壁处。总体而言，设置该挡板后，使得原水流道的出口处的横截面积减小，如此，当原水流道内的废水从原水流道的出口处流出时，挡板对废水的流速有一定的控制作用，使得废水流速降低的程度变缓，如此，能够减小废水中的污染物在原水流道出口处的沉淀，进而降低过滤膜11原水流道的出口处被污染的程度。
在一种实施方式中，流速控制装置包括设置在过滤膜11的原水流道出口、沿过滤膜11卷绕方向延伸的延伸部，延伸部与过滤膜11之间形成的流道的横截面面积小于所述过滤膜中原水流道的横截面面积。在本实施方式中，延伸部与过滤膜11的卷绕的形式相同，其可以设置在卷绕的过滤膜11的最外侧的尾部，继续按照过滤膜11卷绕方向进行卷绕，该延伸部卷绕后与过滤膜11之间所形成的流道与过滤膜11中的原水流道连通， 且横截面面积小于过滤膜11中原水流道的横截面面积。当一定量的废水从原水流道的出口流出至延伸部与过滤膜11之间形成的流道时，废水的流速得到提升。当废水流出延伸部与过滤膜11之间形成的流道时，延伸部对废水的流速有一定的控制作用，使得废水流速降低的程度变缓，如此在流道口废水中污染物发生沉淀的可能性变小，进而降低了过滤膜11原水流道的出口处被污染的程度。其次，当废水流出延伸部与过滤膜11之间形成的流道时，由于设置有延伸部的关系，废水中污染物沉淀在延伸部上，并未直接沉淀在过滤膜本身，如此，污染物不会对过滤膜11产生直接影响，这样可以有效延长膜元件的使用寿命。
在一种实施方式中，过滤膜11可以为反渗透膜和纳滤膜中的一种，当然的，过滤膜11包含的种类不限于上述描述，其它任何可以对水进行过滤处理的过滤膜11均可以在本实施方式中进行使用。所属领域技术人员在本申请的技术精髓启示下，还可能做出其他的变更，但只要其实现的功能和效果与本申请相同或相似，均应涵盖于本申请保护范围内。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种膜元件，其包括：
    过滤膜，所述过滤膜具有相互隔离的原水流道和纯水流道，所述原水流道的出口位于所述过滤膜的至少一侧边，
    其特征在于，所述膜元件还包括：
    流速控制装置，所述流速控制装置与所述原水流道的出口连通，其用于对流经所述流速控制装置的流体的速度进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述流速控制装置包括膜保护装置，所述膜保护装置套设在所述过滤膜外，其具有与所述原水流道的出口连通的至少一个的开口，所述膜保护装置通过所述开口将自原水流道的出口流出的流体导出所述膜保护装置外。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述膜元件还包括用于容纳所述过滤膜和所述膜保护装置的膜壳，所述膜保护装置与所述过滤膜之间的间隙小于所述膜保护装置与所述膜壳之间的间隙。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述膜保护装置与所述过滤膜之间的间隙的范围在所述膜元件原水流道厚度至所述膜元件与所述膜壳的间隙之间。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述膜保护装置包括包覆于所述过滤膜外的柔性件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述膜元件包括设置在所述过滤膜两端的第一端盖和第二端盖，所述柔性件分别与所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖通过胶水密封。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述柔性件为聚丙烯或聚酯材料制成。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述膜保护装置包括由刚性材料制成的筒体。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述过滤膜包括设置在所述原水流道的格网，所述筒体的内侧壁与所述过滤膜的外侧壁之间的间距为所述格网的厚度。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的膜元件，其特征在于，自所述开口流出的水的流量与自所述原水流道的进口流进的水的流量的比值符合第一预设比值范围。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述第一预设比值范围为0-1之间。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述膜元件包括设置在所述过滤膜两端的第一端盖和第二端盖，所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖分别与筒体连接。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述刚性材料为聚丙烯、ABS塑料、聚酰胺塑料、聚甲醛和不锈钢材料其中之一。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述原水流道的出口位于所述过滤膜展开时的短边侧。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述过滤膜为反渗透膜和纳滤膜中的一种。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述流速控制装置包括设置在所述原水流道的出口处的挡板。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的膜元件，其特征在于，所述流速控制装置包括设置在所述过滤膜的原水流道出口且沿所述过滤膜卷绕方向延伸的延伸部，所述延伸部与所述过滤膜之间形成的流道的横截面面积小于所述过滤膜中原水流道的横截面面积。
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