WO2017119393A1 - Dispositif et procédé d'estimation d'état - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé d'estimation d'état Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017119393A1
WO2017119393A1 PCT/JP2016/089083 JP2016089083W WO2017119393A1 WO 2017119393 A1 WO2017119393 A1 WO 2017119393A1 JP 2016089083 W JP2016089083 W JP 2016089083W WO 2017119393 A1 WO2017119393 A1 WO 2017119393A1
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Prior art keywords
soc
storage element
power storage
estimated
region
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PCT/JP2016/089083
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
敦史 福島
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株式会社Ｇｓユアサ
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Priority to CN201680072465.5A priority Critical patent/CN108369258B/zh
Priority to DE112016006166.8T priority patent/DE112016006166T5/de
Publication of WO2017119393A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017119393A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for estimating SOC.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that the SOC estimation accuracy is improved by correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method using a battery model and a Kalman filter.
  • the state estimation device disclosed in this specification is a state estimation device that estimates the state of a storage element having a low change region in which the amount of change in OCV is relatively low and a high change region in which the OCV change is relatively high.
  • a region determination unit that determines whether the power storage element belongs to the high change region, and a SOC estimation unit that estimates SOC that is one of the internal states of the power storage device, the SOC estimation unit,
  • the SOC of the power storage element is estimated by a current integration method that integrates the current of the power storage element, and when the power storage element belongs to a high change region, the SOC estimated by the current integration method is determined as a terminal of the power storage element. Correction processing is performed to correct based on the observed voltage value and the terminal voltage predicted by the estimation model for estimating the internal state of the power storage element.
  • the state estimation device disclosed in the present specification can estimate the SOC with high accuracy even when the storage element has a region where the change amount of the OCV with respect to the change amount of the SOC is small.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a battery pack in the first embodiment.
  • Graph showing SOC-OCV correlation characteristics of secondary battery State space model block diagram Circuit diagram showing a circuit model simulating a secondary battery Flowchart diagram showing the outline of the SOC estimation method using the Kalman filter Flow chart showing the flow of SOC estimation processing Graph showing the change in SOC over time when the battery is charged and discharged at a battery temperature of 25 ° C
  • the figure which expanded high change field A3 of Drawing 7A Graph showing the change in SOC over time when the battery is charged and discharged at a battery temperature of 25 ° C Chart showing the root mean square of SOC for true values for each estimation method
  • the state estimation device is a state estimation device that estimates a state of a power storage element having a low change region with a relatively low change amount of OCV relative to a change amount of SOC and a relatively high high change region, wherein the power storage element
  • An area determination unit that determines whether the high change region belongs, and an SOC estimation unit that estimates an SOC that is one of internal states of the power storage element, wherein the SOC estimation unit calculates a current of the power storage element.
  • the SOC of the power storage element is estimated by a current integration method that integrates, and when the power storage element belongs to a high change region, the SOC estimated by the current integration method is calculated with the observed value of the terminal voltage of the power storage element and the Correction processing is performed to correct based on the terminal voltage predicted by the estimation model for estimating the internal state of the storage element.
  • the SOC estimation accuracy when the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected based on the observed value of the terminal voltage of the storage element and the terminal voltage predicted by the estimation model for estimating the internal state of the storage element is SOC Varies depending on the amount of change in OCV with respect to the amount of change. Specifically, a high change region in which the OCV change amount is relatively high with respect to the SOC change amount has a higher SOC estimation accuracy than a low change region in which the OCV change amount is relatively small.
  • the storage element performs a correction process for correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method based on the observed value of the terminal voltage of the storage element and the terminal voltage predicted by the estimation model for estimating the internal state of the storage element. This is performed when belonging to a high change area. That is, since the correction process is performed for a high change region where the SOC estimation accuracy is expected to be improved by the correction, the power storage element has a low change region in which the change amount of the OCV with respect to the change amount of the SOC is small. Even in this case, the SOC can be estimated with high accuracy.
  • the low change region is a plateau region where the change amount of OCV with respect to the change amount of SOC is smaller than a predetermined value, and the correction process is not performed in the plateau region.
  • correction processing is not performed in the plateau region, it is possible to suppress a decrease in SOC estimation accuracy compared to before correction.
  • the correction is a Kalman filter that reduces an estimation error of an internal state of the power storage element estimated by the estimation model based on an observed value of a terminal voltage of the power storage element and a terminal voltage predicted by the estimation model. . Since the Kalman filter suppresses an estimation error of the internal state of the power storage element, the SOC estimated by the current integration method can be corrected with high accuracy.
  • the measurement model is an equivalent circuit model of the storage element including OCV, conductor resistance, a first impedance that simulates short-term polarization of the storage element, and a second impedance that simulates long-term polarization of the storage element. . It is possible to accurately reproduce the characteristics due to the polarization of the storage element. Therefore, the effect of suppressing the estimation error of the internal state of the power storage element is high, and the SOC estimated by the current integration method can be corrected with high accuracy.
  • the SOC estimation unit performs the correction process when the power storage element is included in a high change region and the power storage element is currentless. In this configuration, since the correction process is executed while being limited when there is no current, the SOC estimated by the current integration method can be corrected with high accuracy.
  • a temperature detection unit that detects a temperature of the power storage element is provided, and the SOC estimation unit performs the correction process when the temperature of the power storage element is equal to or higher than a first temperature.
  • the SOC estimation unit performs the correction process when the temperature of the power storage element is equal to or higher than a first temperature.
  • a temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the power storage element is provided, and the SOC estimation unit does not perform the correction process when the temperature of the power storage element is equal to or lower than a second temperature.
  • the correction process is not executed when the power storage element is at the second temperature or lower, it is possible to prevent the SOC estimation accuracy from being lowered as compared to before the correction.
  • the region determination unit determines whether the power storage element belongs to the high change region based on the SOC value estimated by the SOC estimation unit. In this way, it can be easily determined which region the power storage element belongs to.
  • the region determination unit determines whether the power storage element belongs to the low change region or the high change region by comparing a voltage change with respect to a change in charge / discharge capacity of the power storage device with a threshold value. To do.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of the battery pack 20 in the present embodiment.
  • the battery pack 20 of the present embodiment is mounted on, for example, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and supplies power to a power source that operates with electric energy.
  • the battery pack 20 includes an assembled battery 30, a current sensor 40, and a battery manager (hereinafter referred to as BM) 50 that manages the assembled battery 30.
  • the assembled battery 30 includes a plurality of secondary batteries 31 connected in series.
  • the secondary battery 31 and the current sensor 40 are connected in series via the wiring 35 and connected to the charger 10 mounted on the electric vehicle or the load 10 such as a power source provided in the electric vehicle or the like. Is done.
  • the charger 10 functions to charge the assembled battery 30.
  • the current sensor 40 functions to detect the current flowing through the secondary battery 31.
  • the current sensor 40 is configured to measure the current value of the secondary battery 31 at a constant period and transmit data of the measured current measurement value to the control unit 60.
  • the battery manager (hereinafter referred to as BM) 50 includes a control unit 60, a voltage detection circuit 80, and a temperature sensor 95.
  • the secondary battery 31 is an example of a “storage element”
  • the BM 50 is an example of a “state estimation device”.
  • the voltage detection circuit 80 is connected to both ends of each secondary battery 31 via a detection line, and functions to measure the voltage of each secondary battery 31 in response to an instruction from the control unit 60.
  • the temperature sensor 95 is a contact type or non-contact type, and functions to measure the temperature T [° C.] of the secondary battery 31.
  • the control unit 60 includes a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as CPU) 61, a memory 63, and a communication unit 67.
  • the control unit 60 performs the function of determining the region to which the secondary battery 31 belongs (S30 in FIG. 6) and the function of estimating the SOC (S20, S40, S50 in FIG. 6).
  • the control unit 60 is an example of an “area determination unit” or “SOC estimation unit”.
  • a program for executing processing for estimating the SOC data necessary for executing the program, for example, data of the SOC-OCV correlation characteristics shown in FIG. 2, and a region to which the SOC belongs are determined.
  • Data is stored. Specifically, the SOC ranges corresponding to the low change regions L1 and L2 and the high change regions H1 to H3 are stored. In addition, data of the current SOC value is stored.
  • the communication unit 67 is communicably connected to an in-vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 100 and performs a function of communicating with the in-vehicle ECU 100.
  • the battery pack 20 is provided with an operation unit (not shown) that receives input from the user and a display unit (not shown) that displays the state of the secondary battery 31 and the like.
  • the secondary battery 31 is an iron phosphate lithium ion battery using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as a positive electrode active material and graphite as a negative electrode active material.
  • LiFePO4 lithium iron phosphate
  • FIG. 2 shows the SOC-OCV correlation characteristics of the secondary battery 31 with the horizontal axis representing SOC [%] and the vertical axis representing OCV [V]. Note that SOC (charged state) is the ratio of the remaining capacity to the full charge capacity. OCV is an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 31.
  • the secondary battery 31 has a plurality of charging regions including a low change region in which the change amount of OCV is relatively low with respect to the change amount of SOC and a relatively high high change region. .
  • the low change region L1 is located in the range of 31 [%] to 62 [%] in terms of SOC.
  • the low change region L2 is located in the range of 68 [%] to 97 [%] in terms of SOC.
  • the low change region L1 is a plateau region where the change amount of the OCV with respect to the change amount of the SOC is very small and the OCV is 3.3 [V].
  • the low change region L2 is a plateau region where the OCV is 3.34 [V] and is substantially constant.
  • the plateau region is a region where the amount of change in OCV with respect to the amount of change in SOC is 2 [mV /%] or less.
  • the first high change region H1 is in the range of more than 62 [%] and less than 68 [%] as the SOC value, and is located between the two low change regions L1 and L2.
  • the second high change region H2 is in a range of less than 31 [%] in terms of the SOC, and is located on the low SOC side than the low change region L1.
  • the third high change region H3 is in a range greater than 97% in terms of SOC, and is located on the high SOC side than the low change region L2.
  • the OCV change amount (the slope of the graph shown in FIG. 2) relative to the SOC change amount is relatively higher than the low change regions L1 and L2. ing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a state space model of the system with u (k) as input and y (k) as output. Equation 1 below shows the state equation of the state space model shown in FIG. 3, and Equation 2 below shows the output equation of the space state model.
  • An algorithm for obtaining an estimated value of the internal state x (k) that is optimal in terms of meaning is a Kalman filter (Equations 3 to 5 below). Note that ( ⁇ ) attached to the internal state x (k) means an estimated value, and ( ⁇ ) means a state estimation error.
  • the estimated value of the internal state x (k) by the Kalman filter is represented by the prior estimated value of the internal state x (k) (the first term on the right side of Equation 6) and the correction term (the second term on the right side of Equation 6). I can do it.
  • the prior estimated value of the internal state x (k) is a predicted estimated value of the internal state x (k) at time k based on data available up to time k-1.
  • the correction term corrects the estimated prediction value of the first term, and can be represented by the product of “Kalman gain g (k)” and “prediction error of output y (k)”.
  • the Kalman gain g (k) is a value that minimizes the covariance with respect to the estimation error (estimated value error with respect to the true value) of the internal state x (k), and can be calculated using the principle of orthogonality, etc. (See Equation 7 below).
  • the secondary battery 31 is a current I input, output can be thought of as a system for the terminal voltage U L, it can be described by the output equation and the state equation of Equation 1 and Equation 2.
  • the secondary battery 31 is systemized using an equivalent circuit model of the secondary battery 31 shown in FIG. Specifically, the secondary battery 31 includes an OCV that represents an electromotive force (DC voltage source), a conductor resistance R 0 that represents resistance in a current collector or an electrolyte, a first impedance Z1, and a second impedance. It is represented by Z2.
  • the first impedance Z1 is a parallel circuit of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1.
  • the second impedance Z2 is a parallel circuit of the second resistor R2 and the second capacitor C2.
  • the first impedance Z1 is an impedance that simulates the fast response portion of the secondary battery 31, that is, the short-term polarization voltage of the secondary battery 31.
  • the second impedance Z2 is a slow response portion, that is, an impedance simulating a long-term polarization voltage.
  • the equivalent circuit model M is a model for estimating the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) of the secondary battery 31, and is an example of the “estimation model” of the present invention.
  • Equation 9 is obtained.
  • an estimated value of SOC can be obtained by applying a Kalman filter, specifically, an extended Kalman filter, to the system described by the state equation shown in Equation 11 and the output equation shown in Equation 12. That is, as shown in Formula 13, by adding the product of “Kalman gain g (k)” and “prediction error of terminal voltage U L (k)” to the SOC pre-estimated value, the SOC pre-estimated The value can be corrected.
  • a Kalman filter specifically, an extended Kalman filter
  • the Kalman filter is a process for correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method so that the estimation error is reduced.
  • the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) is newly estimated from the previously estimated internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) and the current current I detected by the current sensor 40.
  • the error information of the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) is newly estimated from the error information of the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) estimated previously and the error information of the current I.
  • Newly estimated internal state in S2 in S1 (SOC, U1, U2, R0) predicts the terminal voltage U L of the secondary battery 31 from.
  • the OCV is calculated by referring to the estimated SOC with the SOC-OCV correlation characteristic shown in FIG. 2, and the terminal voltage UL is predicted from the sum of OCV and U0, U1, U2.
  • the internal state (SOC newly estimated in S1 , U1, U2, R0) generates a Kalman gain g (k) that minimizes the error information.
  • the error information between the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) newly estimated in S1 and the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) is corrected using the Kalman gain g (k).
  • the estimated value is corrected by the Kalman gain g (k).
  • the Kalman filter repeatedly performs the above-described three processes S1 to S3 while acquiring the terminal voltage UL and current I data of the secondary battery 31 from the voltage detection circuit 80 and the current sensor 40, thereby estimating the state.
  • This is a process for estimating the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) of the secondary battery 31 in which the error is minimized.
  • the secondary battery 31 has low change regions L1 and L2 in the SOC-OCV correlation characteristics. Since the change amount of OCV with respect to the change amount of SOC is very small in the low change regions L1 and L2, a slight error in the estimated value of OCV appears to expand to the estimation error of SOC. Therefore, compared to the high change regions H1, H2, and H3, the influence on the SOC estimation accuracy is large, and the SOC estimation accuracy may be reduced. That is, when the estimated SOC value is corrected from the Kalman gain g (k) generated in S2, there is a risk that the estimated accuracy of the SOC will be significantly reduced.
  • correction by the Kalman filter is performed only when the SOC of the secondary battery 31 belongs to one of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3, and the SOC of the secondary battery 31 is corrected. Is not belonging to the high change regions H1, H2, and H3, that is, if it belongs to the low change regions L1 and L2, correction by the Kalman filter is not performed.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the SOC estimation process, which is composed of six processes S10 to S60.
  • the SOC estimation process shown in FIG. 6 is executed by the control unit 60 at the same time when, for example, the BM 50 is activated and monitoring of the assembled battery 30 is started.
  • control unit 60 accesses the memory or the like and acquires the current value of the SOC (S10).
  • control unit 60 performs a process of estimating the SOC by a current integration method (S20). That is, the accumulated charge / discharge amount is calculated by integrating the current I output from the current sensor 40. Then, the SOC at the next time point is estimated by adding the SOC change amount calculated from the accumulated charge / discharge amount to the current SOC value read from the memory 63.
  • the first term of Formula 15 indicates the current SOC value
  • the second term indicates the SOC change amount from the current value.
  • control unit 60 performs a process of determining whether the estimated value of SOC estimated by the current integration method belongs to any of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3 (S30). Specifically, the determination is made by comparing the SOC range corresponding to each of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3 with the estimated value of the SOC by the current integration method.
  • the control unit 60 When the estimated value of SOC estimated by the current integration method belongs to one of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3, the control unit 60 performs a correction process for correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method with a Kalman filter. Perform (S40).
  • control unit 60 the terminal voltage U L of the secondary battery 31 detected by the voltage detection circuit 80, on the basis of the terminal voltage U L which is predicted by the equivalent circuit model M, an equivalent circuit model M
  • a Kalman gain g (k) that minimizes error information of the estimated internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) of the secondary battery 31 is generated.
  • the control unit 60 the SOC estimated by current integration method is corrected based on the prediction error of the Kalman gain g (k) and terminal voltage U L (see Equation 13). Then, the corrected SOC is set as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the control unit 60 accesses the memory 63 and updates the SOC value each time. Therefore, the memory 63 always stores the latest SOC value.
  • the process returns to S20, and the control unit 60 performs the process of estimating the SOC again based on the current integration method. That is, this time, using the SOC obtained in S40 or S50 as the current value, the amount of change in SOC from the current value is calculated by current integration. Then, the SOC at the next time point is estimated by adding the SOC change amount to the current SOC value.
  • control unit 60 executes the process of S30, and determines whether the SOC estimated by the current integration method belongs to one of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3. Then, only when the SOC estimated by the current integration method belongs to one of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3, the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter, and the corrected SOC is calculated as follows: Let it be the SOC at the time (S40).
  • control unit 60 sets the SOC estimated by the current integration method as the SOC at the next time point (S50).
  • the control unit 60 always estimates the SOC by the current integration method during monitoring of the secondary battery 31 regardless of the SOC region. In other words, not only when the SOC belongs to the low change regions L1 and L2, but also when the SOC belongs to the high change regions H1, H2, and H3, the SOC is always estimated by the current integration method.
  • the control unit 60 corrects the SOC estimated by the current integration method with the Kalman filter only when the SOC estimated by the current integration method belongs to any of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3. If the estimated SOC does not belong to the high change regions H1, H2, and H3, that is, if it belongs to any of the low change regions L1 and L2, the Kalman filter correction is not executed.
  • the period when the estimated SOC value is less than 31% (period in which the SOC belongs to the high change region H2) after the start of charging is the current.
  • the SOC estimated by the integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter, and the corrected SOC is set as the latest SOC value. Thereafter, during the period in which the estimated SOC value is 31% to 62% (the period in which the SOC belongs to the low change region L1), correction by the Kalman filter is not executed, and the SOC estimated by the current integration method is calculated as the SOC value. The latest value.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter, and the corrected SOC is corrected. Is the latest SOC value.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is calculated as the SOC value.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter, and the corrected SOC is calculated as the SOC. The latest value.
  • the estimation accuracy of the SOC can be improved by limiting the correction by the Kalman filter to the high change regions H1 to H3 in which the estimation accuracy of the SOC is expected to be improved by the correction. I can do it.
  • the SOC estimation accuracy can be improved by avoiding the correction using the Kalman filter in the low change regions L1 and L2, which may be reduced in accuracy due to the correction.
  • “one-dot chain line” indicates the true value of the SOC.
  • the “broken line” indicates the SOC estimated by the current integration method. That is, the SOC is estimated by measuring the current flowing through the assembled battery 30 during the test with the current sensor 40 and integrating the obtained measurement values.
  • the current measurement error of the current sensor 40 is about 20 mA on the discharge side, and the SOC estimation error at the time of current integration increases with time.
  • the “solid line” shown in FIG. 7A indicates the SOC when the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected for the “total SOC range (0% to 100%)” by the Kalman filter.
  • FIG. 7A is an enlarged view of the high change region A3 of FIG. 7A.
  • the SOC corrected by the Kalman filter is a value farther from the true value than the SOC estimated by the current integration method.
  • the current integration method is used. It can be understood that if the SOC estimated by the above is corrected by the Kalman filter, the SOC estimation accuracy is lowered.
  • the “solid line” shown in FIG. 8 shows the case where the Kalman filter correction is limited to the high change regions H1 to H3 with respect to the SOC estimated by the current integration method, and the Kalman filter is not corrected in the low change regions L1 and L2. Shows the SOC.
  • the SOC when the correction by the Kalman filter is limited to the high change regions H1 to H3 is substantially closer to the true value in the entire range than the SOC estimated by the current integration method. It can be understood that the SOC estimation accuracy is improved.
  • FIG. 9 is a table in which the root mean square (RMS) of “SOC” with respect to “true value” is obtained for each method.
  • the root mean square of “estimated SOC” with respect to “true value” is “4.738”.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” to be “true value” is “6.619”, and when Kalman filter correction is limited to the high change regions H1 to H3, “ The “corrected SOC” root mean square to be “true value” is “4.406”.
  • the “estimated SOC” is an SOC estimated by a current integration method, and is an SOC indicated by a broken line in FIGS.
  • “Corrected SOC” is an SOC corrected by a Kalman filter, and is an SOC indicated by a solid line in FIGS.
  • the root mean square is the smallest when the Kalman filter correction is limited to the high change regions H1 to H3, and the SOC estimation accuracy is improved.
  • the battery pack 20 of the second embodiment includes an assembled battery 30, a current sensor 40, and a battery manager 50 that manages the assembled battery 30.
  • Embodiment 2 a test for charging / discharging the assembled battery 30 (the same test as in Embodiment 1) was performed by changing the battery temperature T, and the relationship between the battery temperature T and the effect of correction by the Kalman filter was verified.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the time transition of the SOC when the battery temperature T is 40 ° C.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph which shows time transition of SOC when battery temperature T is 10 degreeC.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the temperature transition of the graph showing the SOC time transition when the battery temperature T is 0 ° C. “Solid lines” in FIGS. 10 to 12 indicate SOCs when correction by the Kalman filter is limited to the high change regions H1, H2, and H3 with respect to the SOC estimated by the current integration method. .
  • the transition of the SOC when correction by the Kalman filter is performed by limiting the high change region to H1, H2, and H3 (FIG. 8, Comparing the solid line in FIG. 11, when the battery temperature is 10 ° C., the corrected SOC is far from the true value and the effect of the correction by the Kalman filter is lower than when the battery temperature is 25 ° C. I understand that.
  • FIG. 13 also shows the root mean square (RMS) of “estimated SOC” for “true value” and the root mean square (RMS) of “corrected SOC” for “true value” for each battery temperature T. It is a table.
  • the “estimated SOC” is an SOC estimated by a current integration method, and is an SOC indicated by a broken line in FIGS.
  • the “corrected SOC” is an SOC corrected by the Kalman filter, and is an SOC indicated by a solid line in FIGS.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is “3.879” when the battery temperature T is 40 ° C. and “4.406” when the battery temperature T is 25 ° C. Further, when the battery temperature T is 10 ° C., “9.804”, and when the battery temperature T is 0 ° C., the root mean square is “12.038”.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is lower as the battery temperature T is higher. Therefore, the higher the battery temperature T, the higher the effect of correction by the Kalman filter.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is “4.406” when the battery temperature T is 25 ° C., and “3.879” when the battery temperature T is 40 ° C.
  • the root mean squares of “estimated SOC” estimated above are “4.738” and “4.515”, respectively.
  • the impedance of the secondary battery 31 is lower as the battery temperature T is higher, so that the voltage change when a current flows is smaller. Therefore, since the better the terminal voltage U L of accuracy predicted by estimating the model M, accordingly, believed that the estimation accuracy of the SOC is high.
  • the battery temperature T is low, since the impedance is high, the voltage change when a current flows increases. Therefore, since the terminal voltage U L of accuracy predicted by the estimation model M is deteriorated, accordingly, the estimation accuracy of the SOC is considered to be low.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart in which the battery temperature T is added to the condition for determining whether or not the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter.
  • the SOC estimation processing shown in FIG. "" Has been added. That is, a process for determining whether or not the battery temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 95 is equal to or higher than the first temperature (25 ° C. in this example) is added.
  • the control unit 60 executes a process of correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method using the Kalman filter (S40). Then, the control unit 60 sets the corrected SOC as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the control unit 60 corrects the Kalman filter.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is set as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest SOC value.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is “9.804” when battery temperature T is 10 ° C., and “12.038” when battery temperature T is 0 ° C. Yes, it is larger than the root mean square “4.440” and “4.427” of the “estimated SOC” estimated using the current integration method.
  • the Kalman filter when the battery temperature T is 10 ° C. or lower, if the Kalman filter is used for correction, the SOC estimation accuracy tends to decrease. For this reason, when the battery temperature T is 10 ° C. or lower, it is possible to prevent the SOC estimation accuracy from being lowered by not correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method using the Kalman filter.
  • FIG. 15 is a flow chart in which the battery temperature T is added to the condition for determining whether or not the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter.
  • the SOC estimation process shown in FIG. "" Has been added. That is, a process for determining whether or not the battery temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 95 is equal to or lower than the second temperature (10 ° C. in this example) is added.
  • the control unit 60 executes a process of correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method using the Kalman filter (S40). Then, the control unit 60 sets the corrected SOC as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the control unit 60 corrects the Kalman filter.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is set as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest SOC value.
  • the battery pack 20 of the third embodiment includes an assembled battery 30, a current sensor 40, and a battery manager 50 that manages the assembled battery 30.
  • Embodiment 3 a test for charging and discharging the assembled battery 30 was performed under the condition where the battery temperature T was 25 ° C. Then, the difference in effect was verified when “no current” was added to the execution condition of correction by the Kalman filter and when it was not added.
  • the “no current” is a state in which the current flowing through the assembled battery 30 is equal to or less than a predetermined value (for example, 100 mA).
  • one-dot chain line indicates the true value of the SOC.
  • the “broken line” is the SOC estimated by the current integration method. That is, the SOC is estimated by measuring the current flowing through the assembled battery 30 during the test with the current sensor 40 and integrating the obtained measurement values.
  • the “solid line” indicates the SOC when the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter when the SOC belongs to the high change regions H1 to H3 and the assembled battery 30 has no current. Yes.
  • the root mean square (RMS) of the “correction SOC” with respect to the “true value” is “2.563”.
  • the value is smaller than the root mean square “4.406” of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value”.
  • the “corrected SOC” is an SOC corrected by a Kalman filter.
  • the Kalman filter correction is more effective when limited to “no current”. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the Kalman filter is applied when the following two conditions (a) and (b) are satisfied.
  • the SOC belongs to one of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3.
  • the secondary battery has no current.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the SOC estimation process applied to the third embodiment, and the process of S35 is added to the SOC estimation process (FIG. 6) applied to the first embodiment.
  • the control unit 60 determines whether there is no current flowing through the secondary battery 31 by comparing the detection value of the current sensor 40 with a threshold value. In this example, when the current is equal to or less than a predetermined value, it is determined that there is no current.
  • the condition (a) is determined in S30
  • the condition (b) is determined in S35
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is calculated. Correction is performed using the Kalman filter (S40). Then, the SOC corrected by the Kalman filter is set as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC. In other cases, the Kalman filter is not applied, and the value estimated by the current integration method is set as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest SOC value (S50).
  • the correction by the Kalman filter is performed while the SOC belongs to one of the high change regions H1, H2, and H3 and is limited when there is no current. Therefore, the SOC estimation accuracy can be further improved as compared with the first embodiment.
  • the battery pack 20 of the fourth embodiment includes an assembled battery 30, a current sensor 40, and a battery manager 50 that manages the assembled battery 30.
  • Embodiment 4 a test for charging / discharging the assembled battery 30 (the same test as in Embodiment 3) was performed by changing the battery temperature T, and the relationship between the battery temperature T and the effect of correction by the Kalman filter was verified.
  • FIG. 18 is a graph showing the time transition of SOC when the battery temperature T is 40 ° C.
  • FIG. 19 is a graph which shows time transition of SOC in case battery temperature T is 10 degreeC.
  • FIG. 20 is a graph showing the temperature transition of the graph showing the SOC time transition when the battery temperature T is 0 ° C.
  • the “solid line” in FIGS. 18 to 20 indicates the SOC when correction by the Kalman filter is performed with respect to the SOC estimated by the current integration method limited to the high change regions H1 to H3 and no current. ing.
  • the time transition of the SOC when the correction by the Kalman filter is performed (solid lines in FIGS. 18 and 16) is compared.
  • the battery temperature is 25 ° C.
  • the corrected SOC is closer to the true value, and it can be understood that the effect of correction by the Kalman filter is higher.
  • the battery temperature T is 25 ° C. and the battery temperature T is 10 ° C.
  • the SOC transition solid line in FIGS. 16 and 19
  • the battery temperature is 25 It can be understood that when the battery temperature is 10 ° C., the corrected SOC is far from the true value, and the effect of the correction by the Kalman filter is lower than when the battery temperature is 10 ° C.
  • the SOC transition (solid lines in FIGS. 19 and 20) when the correction by the Kalman filter is performed is compared. It can be understood that the SOC after the correction is far from the true value when the battery temperature T is 0 ° C., and the effect of the correction by the Kalman filter is lower than when the battery temperature T is 0 ° C.
  • FIG. 21 shows the root mean square (RMS) of “estimated SOC” with respect to “true value” and the root mean square (RMS) of “corrected SOC” for “true value” for each battery temperature T. It is a table.
  • the “estimated SOC” is an SOC estimated by the current integration method, and is an SOC indicated by a broken line in FIGS.
  • the “corrected SOC” is an SOC corrected by a Kalman filter, and is an SOC indicated by a solid line in FIGS.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is “2.598” when the battery temperature T is 40 ° C. and “2.621” when the battery temperature T is 25 ° C. Further, when the battery temperature T is 10 ° C., it is “6.461”, and when the battery temperature T is 0 ° C., it is “8.522”.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is lower as the battery temperature T is higher. Therefore, the higher the battery temperature T, the higher the effect of correction by the Kalman filter.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is “2.621” when the battery temperature T is 25 ° C., and “2.598” when the battery temperature T is 40 ° C.
  • the root mean squares of “estimated SOC” estimated above are “4.738” and “4.515”, respectively.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart in which the battery temperature T is added to the condition for determining whether or not the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter.
  • the SOC estimation processing shown in FIG. "" Has been added. That is, a process for determining whether the battery temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 95 is equal to or higher than the first temperature (25 ° C. in this example) is added by the control unit 60.
  • the control unit 60 executes a process of correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method with the Kalman filter (S40). Then, the control unit 60 sets the corrected SOC as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the control unit 60 does not correct the Kalman filter, and sets the SOC estimated by the current integration method as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the root mean square of “corrected SOC” with respect to “true value” is “6.461” when battery temperature T is 10 ° C., and “8.522” when battery temperature T is 0 ° C. Yes, it is larger than the root mean square “4.440” and “4.427” of the “estimated SOC” estimated by the current integration method.
  • the Kalman filter when the battery temperature T is 10 ° C. or lower, if the Kalman filter is used for correction, the SOC estimation accuracy tends to decrease. For this reason, when the battery temperature T is 10 ° C. or lower, it is possible to prevent the SOC estimation accuracy from being lowered by not correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method using the Kalman filter.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart in which the battery temperature T is added to the condition for determining whether or not the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected by the Kalman filter.
  • the SOC estimation processing shown in FIG. "" Has been added. That is, a process for determining whether or not the battery temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 95 is equal to or lower than the second temperature (10 ° C. in this example) is added.
  • the control unit 60 executes a process of correcting the SOC estimated by the current integration method using the Kalman filter (S40). Then, the control unit 60 sets the corrected SOC as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the control unit 60 does not correct the Kalman filter, and sets the SOC estimated by the current integration method as the SOC at the next time point, that is, the latest value of the SOC.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery 31 is exemplified as an example of the storage element.
  • a storage element is an electrochemical cell other than a lithium ion battery as long as it has a low change region where the change rate of OCV relative to SOC is relatively low and a high change region where the change rate of OCV relative to SOC is relatively high. There may be.
  • the region determination method may be performed by comparing the voltage change ( ⁇ V / ⁇ Ah) with respect to the charge / discharge capacity change of the secondary battery 31 with a threshold value. That is, the charge / discharge capacity change ⁇ Ah and the voltage change ⁇ V per unit time are calculated from the outputs of the current sensor 40 and the voltage detection circuit 80, respectively, and the ratio ( ⁇ V / ⁇ Ah) is compared with a threshold value to determine the region. You may do it.
  • the SOC estimation accuracy when corrected by applying the Kalman filter depends on the estimation accuracy of the internal state by the equivalent circuit model M of the secondary battery 31. For example, when the current value is large, the equivalent circuit The estimation accuracy of the internal state by the model M tends to be lowered.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected using the Kalman filter, only when the secondary battery 31 belongs to the high change regions H1 to H3.
  • correction by the Kalman filter is limited even when the secondary battery 31 belongs to the high change regions H1 to H3. May not be executed.
  • the equivalent circuit model M is exemplified as an example of the estimation model for estimating the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) of the secondary battery 31.
  • the estimation model M may be a model other than the equivalent circuit model as long as it is a model for estimating the internal state (SOC, U1, U2, R0) of the secondary battery 31.
  • a model different from the equivalent circuit model M illustrated in the first embodiment is used, such as the number of terms of the impedance Z simulating the polarization voltage of the secondary battery 31 is other than two. It is also possible.
  • the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected using the Kalman filter.
  • the SOC may be corrected using an adaptive digital filter. That is, if the SOC estimated by the current integration method is corrected based on the observed value of the terminal voltage of the storage element and the terminal voltage predicted by the estimation model for estimating the internal state of the storage element, an adaptive digital filter Correction using a filter other than the Kalman filter is possible.
  • the Kalman filter is applied to the SOC estimation of the storage element mounted on the automobile.
  • the present invention may be applied to SOC estimation of power storage elements mounted on a motorcycle, a railway vehicle, an uninterruptible power supply, a regenerative power receiving device, a natural energy power storage device, and the like.
  • the state estimation device may be partly or wholly located in a remote place and connected to a power storage element or a battery pack (power storage device) via a network.
  • the state estimation device may be implemented as a server on the network.

Abstract

Grâce à la présente invention, un état de charge (SOC) est estimé avec une grande précision, même lorsqu'un élément de stockage d'énergie possède une région dans laquelle la quantité de variation de la tension en circuit ouvert (OCV) par rapport à la quantité de variation de SOC est faible. Un dispositif d'estimation d'état BM pour estimer l'état d'un élément de stockage d'énergie comprend une région de variation faible dans laquelle la quantité de variation de l'OCV par rapport à la quantité de variation de SOC est relativement faible et une région de variation élevée dans laquelle la quantité de variation de l'OCV par rapport à la quantité de variation de SOC est relativement élevée, le dispositif d'estimation d'état BM étant pourvu d'une unité de détermination de région 60 pour déterminer si l'élément de stockage d'énergie 31 appartient à la région de variation élevée, et d'une unité d'estimation de SOC 60 pour estimer le SOC de l'élément de stockage d'énergie, l'unité d'estimation de SOC 60 estimant le SOC de l'élément de stockage d'énergie par un procédé d'intégration de courant permettant d'intégrer la valeur de courant électrique de l'élément de stockage d'énergie 31 et, lorsque l'élément de stockage d'énergie 31 appartient à la région de variation élevée, l'unité d'estimation de SOC 60 effectue un traitement de correction pour corriger le SOC estimé par le procédé d'intégration de courant sur la base de la valeur observée de la tension aux bornes de l'élément de stockage d'énergie et de la tension aux bornes prédite par un modèle d'estimation pour estimer un état interne de l'élément de stockage d'énergie.
PCT/JP2016/089083 2016-01-06 2016-12-28 Dispositif et procédé d'estimation d'état WO2017119393A1 (fr)

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