WO2017116258A1

WO2017116258A1 - Electrical device

Info

Publication number: WO2017116258A1
Application number: PCT/RU2015/000936
Authority: WO
Inventors: Геннадий Александрович ОЛЕЙНОВ
Original assignee: Геннадий Александрович ОЛЕЙНОВ
Priority date: 2015-12-28
Filing date: 2015-12-28
Publication date: 2017-07-06

Abstract

An electrical device comprising, in different combinations, insulated electrodes, current collecting electrodes, a special electrically conductive material, and an external circuit with a load. The device can generate electrical or mechanical energy through the creation of an unsupported mechanical force, and can function as a cooler or as a heater. Electrical energy is generated upon contact of the current collectors with the material. In the material, a live insulated electrode creates regions with different electrical potentials at the points of contact with the current collectors and creates circulating currents which feed the external circuit with electrical current. The material, in which the current between the current collectors flows counter to the active field, becomes an electrical energy generator for the external circuit. This takes place provided that the resistance of the material to the electrical current is greater than the resistance of the external circuit. An unsupported force is created by a device having electrode surfaces that are transverse to the direction of the action of the force with field enhancing elements and charging elements on said surfaces. The circulating currents in the material are accompanied by the absorption and release of heat, thus the places with a countercurrent are separated from the places where the current flows in the direction of the active voltage, i.e. the cooler is separated from the heater.

Description

ELECTRICAL DEVICE.

This invention allows to obtain electrical, thermal or mechanical energy when performing an electrical device in the form of a structure with a special shape and a combination of electrical elements. In particular, mechanical energy can be obtained from the action of the unsupported force obtained when one of the design options of the electrical device is installed, for example, on a vehicle.

This invention contains the main provisions of the applications PCT / RU 2013/000179, PCT / RU 2013/000180, PCT / RU 2013/000181.

The electrical device has a design with a special shape and a combination of elements such as insulated and current-collecting electrodes, special conductive materials, sources of electric potential difference, a special ratio of circuit resistances. An electrical device designed primarily to produce electrical energy contains a special conductive material that allows penetration, to a certain depth, of an electric field, for example, in the form of a semiconductor with mixed conductivity or an electrolyte, as well as at least one partially or completely isolated from the material an electrode connected to a voltage source to create a potential difference in the material, in contact with the current collector electrodes connected to circuit with load. An electrical device designed primarily to produce mechanical energy by creating a supportless force contains electrodes asymmetric with respect to the direction of the received force, namely they have at least one surface transverse to the direction of the received force with elements of increasing the action of force, in a chosen direction, on charges on such a surface that can be achieved, for example, by a special form of electrodes, in the form of making one electrode flat and the other in the form of a grid, or with an additional arrangement between them of a special material that forms power electric field lines of the desired direction between the surfaces, for example, performing a device in the form of a capacitor with plates open relative to each other, between the surfaces of which there is a specified material, for example, with a sufficiently high resistance. The claimed device is used as a refrigerator, for example, when dividing a circuit with current collectors and material into sections with different values of electrical resistance, moreover, a cooling element is included in a section with a larger one and a heating element with a smaller one. The electrical device that creates the temperature difference can also be made in the form of a capacitor, in which, in addition to the insulating layer, there is a layer of special material, for example a semiconductor, on the sides of which the temperature difference occurs. When using the device as a source of electrical energy, the circuit connected to the current collectors contains at least two parallel circuits, one of which, with the corresponding resistance or with an electronics element, such as a diode, is generating, with a countercurrent, and, accordingly, the rest of the circuit are consuming.

The drawing illustrates this proposal.

Figure 1 shows a variant of a device that generates mainly electricity and contains parallel circuits.

Figure 2 is a variant of the location of the electrodes with two voltage sources.

In Fig.Z is a variant of a generating device with "point" current collectors. Figure 4 - options for the forms of collector electrodes.

5 is an embodiment of a device similar to an electric battery.

Figure 6 is an embodiment of a device - an electrolyzer.

7 is a variant of an electrical device that generates mainly unsupported force.

On Fig.8, 9, and 10 are variants of the design of the device for receiving supportless force.

Figure 1 1 is a variant of the device designed to create a temperature difference in different parts of the circuit.

On Fig - a variant of the device for creating a temperature difference on the sides of the material.

The electrical device contains electrodes, which can be current collector or insulated, special material, various, forms and circuits connected to the current collectors. In all but FIG. 10, the figures show a special electrically conductive material 1, the properties of which allow the electric field to penetrate to a certain depth or (as in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9) to give the necessary shape to the electric field lines. Those. the material may have a sufficiently high resistance or be a semiconductor, for example, with mixed conductivity, an electrolyte (Figs. 5 and 6), or have a special composition, for example, contain lines 2 of an electrically conductive material (Fig. 7) laid in the direction of the force lines electric field. The electrodes 3 and 4 (Fig.1,2,3, 4,5,6 and 11) are in contact with the material 1 and are current collectors. These electrodes can be of various shapes - flat, mesh (3, in Fig.1 and 1 1), pointed or composite of different materials (3 in Fig.4). In addition, electrodes 5 isolated from the material 1 are additionally installed. They can be in the singular (Figs. 1, 4, and 11) or there can be more, for example, two - 5 and 6 (Figs. 2,3,5 and 6). A source of electrical, for example, constant voltage 7 (Fig. 1 and

7) or different sources 7 and 8 (Figs. 2,5 and 6) connected to insulated electrodes are designed to create an electric field in material 1. In the remaining figures, for connecting sources, for example, AC, voltage, terminals 9 are shown (Fig. 3 4.8, 10.1 1.12). Consumers of electric energy or load are resistance 10 (Fig. 1, 2,3, 4,5 and 6) connected to current collectors 3 and 4. But, since the source of electricity is the area with the greatest resistance in one direction, then, except for the material 1, as a source of electrical energy, elements of a circuit connected to current collectors 3 and 4 can be used. In particular, one of the parallel circuits (FIGS. 1 and 2). In this circuit, there may be such an electronics element as a diode 11 (Fig. 1) or simply a resistance or conductor 12 (Fig. 2) of a certain length. Resistance 13 (Figures 1 and 2) is used to establish a balance between the resistance material 1 _^ situated between the electrodes 3 and 4 and the rest of the chain. To obtain a supportless force in the direction A (Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10), the electrodes 14 and 15 connected to the terminals 9 must have surfaces 16 transverse to the direction A of the received force. To illustrate that the distance between the plates 14 and 15 (Fig. 7) (or charges on them) is not of particular importance for the operation of the device, a gasket 17, of any length in the material 1, is shown from a conductor with surfaces parallel to the direction A of the received force and gasket 18 from the insulator. 7,8,9 and 10 show variations in the shapes of the electrodes 14 and 15, and the material 1, which provide the highest concentration of charges with an increased field strength on the surfaces 16. You can only do with the geometry of the electrodes 14 and 15 (figure 10), without material 1, for example, in the simplest case, it can be one electrode (or a plate, like a capacitor) can be flat, and the other in the form of a grid. Figure 1 1 shows a variant with the separation of the material 1 with electrodes into two parts electrically connected to each other, one of which (for example, 19) is a cooling element, and the other (20) is a heating element. In this case, the part 20 may simply be an electrical resistance. Parts must have asymmetries, for example, in terms of the electrical resistance of material 1 between electrodes 3 and 4. The simplest type of electrical device as a heat separator consists of conductive plates 21 and 22 (Fig. 12), between which are layers of insulator 23 and material 1.

When the electrical device is operating in the variants of FIGS. 1, 2.3, 4, 5 and 6, it becomes a source of electrical energy for load 10, because when voltage is supplied by sources 7.8 or by connecting a source, for example, an alternating voltage to terminals 9, insulated electrodes, for example 5, electric fields are created in the electrically conductive material 1 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). Current collectors 3 and 4 transmit this voltage with current to the load * - 10. In Figs. 3,4,5 and 6, the source of electrical energy is material 1; figure 1 - the diode And; figure 2 - conductor 12. During operation, i.e. when voltage is applied to the terminals 9, in the variants of FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10, an unsupported mechanical force arises in the direction A, which can be realized, for example, in the energy of movement of the vehicle. When creating a potential difference at the terminals 9 (Fig.1 1) and the electrodes 4 and 5, part 19, is cooled. This happens where, for example, material 1 has a higher resistance, and the current goes against the acting voltage (countercurrent), and the other part - 20, with a lower resistance, heats up. The temperature difference also occurs between the plates 21 and 22 (Fig. 12) in the presence of a potential difference between them with an electric field in the material 1. On the plate 21, the temperature is lower if the mobile carriers of electricity in the material 1 have the same sign as the sign of the electric charge on the lining 21. The receipt of electrical energy is explained by the action of the step voltage, which has become known from safety equipment. Those. a person is shocked without contact with a conductor under, for example, constant voltage. This is explained by the penetration of an electric field into an electrically conductive material (body) 1 and the occurrence of circulating currents. Since this phenomenon occurs only as a result of the action of the electric field, the circulation currents flow along the lines of force of this field, with the generation of electric energy and its cost. The complete shielding of the electric field, like that of a conductor, is prevented by the chaotic thermal motion of free charges. Therefore, the movement of the current against the action of the electric field in the material 1 with the generation of electricity is accompanied by cooling of the material 1, and, as is known, along the field with the release of heat. The motion with generation occurs in places of material 1 with a higher level of electrical resistance, and with the release - in places with low resistance. Hence, the principle of obtaining the temperature difference in different parts of the device of FIG. 11 is clear. The place where the current goes in the direction of the current voltage can be replaced simply by electrical resistance, a heater. The thermal effect here is the same as the Peltier effect.

The operability of the device of FIG. 12 is proved by the long-noticed fact that the electric field attracts heat (see Zaev N. “Energy Temptations”, J. “Inventor and Rationalizer”, Ν_ 12, 1976, Moscow, p. 42). This is actually the same principle of action as the action of mass gravitational forces on air molecules (molecules moving up lose their kinetic energy, and moving down they gain), as a result of which the lower layers of the air have a higher temperature than the upper ones. And heating of the upper ones will lead to an increase in the temperature of the lower ones, while maintaining the temperature difference. The same can explain the heating of the bowels of the planets, and the high temperature of the Stars. This explains stability and long enough existence of ball lightning, in which the periphery has an ambient temperature. This also explains the principle of action of vortex heat generators. It should only be taken into account that free, mobile charges in material 1 (Fig. 12) must be either of the same sign or with a significant difference in mass. The heat must pass through the poorly conductive heat insulation layer 19 and instead of this layer it is possible to arrange a channel with a liquid coolant. In electronics, the direction of the field in semiconductors exists mainly in the conductive direction, and in this invention the insulation layer impedes the current.

The electrodes 5 and 6 isolated from material 1 (Fig. 2) form a zone with the same potential between each other in material 1 and the formation of a potential difference on current collectors 3 and 4 (the current flowing through them does not go through sources 7 and 8). In this case, the electrodes 5 and 6 * can be of various configurations, providing the greatest equalization of potentials in the specified zone. 5, the same principle of generating electricity in a battery. Where are the electrodes 5 and 6 isolated from electrolyte 1, forming a similar zone, and create an additional potential difference on current collectors 3 and 4. In the case of a battery, given the near-cathode potential drop, you can enclose the anode in a grid isolated from electrolyte 1 with the corresponding voltage applied to it . A battery recycled in this way will not require charging, supplying electricity through absorbed heat. You can also do without external sources of electricity in electrolysis processes (Fig.6).

Material 1 can have any shape (Fig. C), and through the "point" electrode 3, in the presence of a potential difference at terminals 9, current will flow. You can connect the electrodes 4 and 6 (Fig.Z) or leave only the electrode 4, as in figure 1. Material 1 can be made in the form of a thin layer (figure 4) with a variety of shape and composition of current collectors 3.

Electricity can be generated, in countercurrent, not only in material 1, but also in a circuit connected to current collectors 3 and 4, provided that the resistance of this circuit is greater than the resistance of the material between current collectors. The generator can make elements of a circuit connected to current collectors 3 and 4. For example, a resistance or conductor 12 (Fig. 2), provided that the resistance value of this conductor is greater than the load resistance 10. And resistance 13 (Figs. 1 and 2) Designed to satisfy the condition of the balance of the resistance of the material 1 and the external circuit. The diode 1 1 (figure 1) has the property of skipping countercurrent, i.e. is a generator of electrical energy, and consumers, together with load 10, a chain of material 1 and resistance 13.

The operability of an electric device that creates unsupported force (Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10) is proved, for example, by the fact that the cathodes are installed in the batteries as the extreme ones. Because if you install the anodes, then they are deformed. Which speaks, in particular, of the magnitude of the electrostatic force acting on the surface of the electrodes, even with such an insignificant voltage between the electrodes. The magnitude of the charge on the surface, with the passage of current, is sufficient for deformation. Experiments were also done with a ring of copper and iron half rings welded together, where one of the junctions was heated by the flame of a candle. In this case, the ring gave a torque measured by a torsion balance. The lines of force of the electric field indicate the direction of action of the force. The lines of electric current line the field lines of force along their direction. In particular, material 1 (Fig. 7) can be isolated from surfaces 16 with circulating currents along lines 2. When using electrolytes (Figs. 5 and 6), it is necessary to take into account the presence in aqueous solutions of a high coefficient of dielectric constant and the presence of displacement charges, which significantly shield the electric field. Distilled water can be used as an insulator and coolant in the device of FIG. 12.

This invention is applicable for the production of electrical energy, cooling or heating, for example, premises, for driving vehicles, etc.

Claims

CLAIM.

1. An electrical device containing different options for the location of current-collecting and insulated electrodes, sources of electrical voltage, electrically conductive materials, electrical circuits, characterized in that the device is used as an energy source, electrical, mechanical or thermal, without its substantial consumption, i.e. with an efficiency greater than one, due to the use of special conductive materials, electrode shapes, circuits with a special connection and a resistance ratio.

2. Electrical device pop. 1, characterized in that to obtain, mainly electrical, energy, the device contains a special conductive material, the composition or structure of which allows the penetration of the electric field to a certain depth, for example, when manufacturing it from a semiconductor with mixed conductivity, and with this the material is contacted by current collector electrodes connected to the external circuit with a load, and in addition there is at least one electrode isolated from the material and connected to the sources electrical voltage to create a potential difference at the contact points of the current collectors with the material.

3. Electrical device pop. 1, characterized in that to obtain mainly mechanical energy, due to the action of unsupported forces, the device contains electrodes connected to a voltage source, the electrostatic interaction of which provides the predominant action of the force in the selected direction due to the shape, for example, when performing one of the electrodes in the form of a plate, and the other in the form of a grid, or using special, forming an electric field, material, for example, when making a device in the shape of a capacitor, each of the plates of which has surfaces facing the received force, and between these sides there is an arched material with some conductivity.

4. The electrical device according to claim 2, with the fact that it is used as a refrigerator, which has a common circuit containing current collector electrodes with a special material and at least one insulated electrode, It is divided into parts with a cooled material, where it works as a generator of electric energy and the current goes against the acting voltage, and with a heated one, for example, made as a conductor with a sufficiently high resistance.

5. The electrical device according to claim 2, with the fact that it is used as a heat separator and is made in the form of a condenser consisting of a plate, an insulator and a layer of special conductive material, for example, made of a semiconductor that allows the penetration of an electric field, with the appearance on its sides of a temperature drop when voltage is applied to the plate and material.

6. The electrical device according to claim 2, with the proviso that the circuit connected to the current collectors contains parallel circuits - generating and with a load, while the generating contains either a sufficiently high resistance or electronics elements, for example a diode.