WO2017109828A1 - 色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
- C09K11/025—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor non-luminescent particle coatings or suspension media
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/07—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from polymer solutions
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/29—Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds
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- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0005—Coated particulate pigments or dyes the pigments being nanoparticles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0008—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings
- C09B67/0013—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings with polymeric coatings
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0084—Dispersions of dyes
- C09B67/0085—Non common dispersing agents
- C09B67/009—Non common dispersing agents polymeric dispersing agent
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/02—Polyamines
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing dye-containing thermosetting resin particles that can be used for immunostaining performed in immunological observation.
- tissue sample obtained by slicing a tissue specimen obtained by organ excision or needle biopsy to a thickness of about several microns is tissue. It is widely performed to make a specimen and to observe it with an optical microscope. Specifically, immunostaining, called immunostaining, is performed to diagnose functional abnormalities such as abnormal expression of genes and proteins after staining to confirm the expression of antigens and genes to be detected contained in tissue specimens. It is done.
- staining methods used for immunostaining include dye staining methods using enzymes such as DAB staining.
- an enzyme staining method such as the DAB staining method has a drawback in that it is difficult to calculate the actual amount of antigen or the like from the staining concentration because the staining concentration greatly depends on environmental conditions such as temperature and time. .
- the fluorescent labeling method is a method of measuring the amount of antigen by staining and observing an antigen of interest using an antibody modified with a fluorescent dye as a fluorescent label.
- an antigen of interest on a pathological tissue section is labeled by binding an antibody modified with a resin particle containing a fluorescent dye (hereinafter also referred to as a fluorescent dye-containing resin particle), and this is observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles are characterized by high brightness and capable of measuring the number of particles. By observing the bright spots derived from the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles appearing in the fluorescence microscopic image of the tissue section, the state and amount of the antigen can be confirmed.
- the number of fluorescent dye-containing resin particles is measured by obtaining the luminance per resin particle based on a calibration curve. For this reason, if the luminescent spot intensity varies for each fluorescent dye-containing resin particle, the determination accuracy of the fluorescent signal emitted from the resin particle deteriorates. As a cause of the variation in the intensity of the bright spot, there is a variation in the particle diameter of the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles. That is, the luminance changes depending on the particle size of the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles, and the luminance decreases when the particle size of the dye-containing resin particles is small. When the resin particles are present, there arises a problem that a fluorescent signal is not detected despite the presence of the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles. Conversely, if there are fluorescent dye-containing resin particles with a particle size that has a luminance far exceeding the fluorescence signal detection threshold, there is a problem that the bright spots are fused together by saturation, making it impossible to distinguish individual bright spots. To do.
- Fluorescent dye-containing resin particles are generally produced by polymerizing monomers in the presence of a fluorescent dye.
- the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles obtained by the conventional production method have a particle diameter variation coefficient of about 10 to 15% and a large variation in the particle diameter. Detection accuracy is low. In order to obtain fluorescent dye-containing resin particles with high detection accuracy of the number of bright spots, it was necessary to perform post-treatment such as centrifuging the produced fluorescent dye-containing resin particles to make the particle diameters uniform.
- the fluorescent dye tends to ooze into the oil-based encapsulant used for the preparation of the permanent slice, and thus the determination accuracy of the fluorescent signal tends to deteriorate.
- the present invention is to provide a method for producing resin particles containing a dye such as a fluorescent dye (hereinafter also referred to as dye-containing resin particles) that can be detected with high accuracy.
- a dye such as a fluorescent dye (hereinafter also referred to as dye-containing resin particles) that can be detected with high accuracy.
- the present invention relates to a dye-containing heat in which seed particles formed of a thermosetting resin are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis is polymerized in the obtained dispersion in the presence of the dye and an acid catalyst. This is a method for producing curable resin particles.
- the seed particles preferably have an average particle diameter of 20 to 150 nm.
- the acid catalyst is preferably a mixture of two acids including dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.
- the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles preferably have an average particle diameter of 60 to 750 nm.
- a resin obtained by polymerizing a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis in the dispersion is formed from melamine, urea, guanamine, phenol, xylene or a derivative thereof. It is preferable that the structural unit is included.
- thermosetting resin forming the seed particles is the same type as a thermosetting resin obtained by polymerizing a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis in the dispersion. Preferably there is.
- the seed particles can be prepared by polymerizing a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis.
- the seed particle can be produced by polymerizing a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis in the presence of a dye.
- the dye existing at the time of producing the seed particles can be the same as the dye existing at the time of polymerization of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer in the dispersion.
- the dye is preferably an organic fluorescent dye.
- the organic fluorescent dye is preferably rhodamine or an aromatic dye.
- pigment-containing resin particles having a small coefficient of variation in particle diameter for example, 8% or less
- post-treatment such as centrifugation.
- the dye-containing resin particles produced by the method for producing the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles of the present invention the dye is hardly separated from the resin particles. For this reason, when immunological observation is performed by a fluorescent labeling method using fluorescent dye-containing resin particles produced by the method of producing the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles of the present invention, bleeding of bright spots is suppressed during fluorescent observation. can do.
- thermosetting resin particle In the method for producing a dye-containing thermosetting resin particle according to the present invention, seed particles formed from the thermosetting resin are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and the resulting dispersion is heated in the presence of the dye and the acid catalyst. A monomer for synthesizing the curable resin is polymerized.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles are particles formed from a thermosetting resin, and are particles containing a pigment.
- thermosetting resin is not particularly limited as long as it can contain a pigment. Specific examples thereof include melamine, urea, guanamine, phenol, xylene, or a structural unit formed from a melamine, urea, guanamine, phenol, or xylene derivative.
- the thermosetting resin which consists of a polymer containing can be mentioned.
- the seed particles are particles that become seeds of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles.
- a thermosetting resin is formed on the surface of the seed particles, and the particles grow to become dye-containing thermosetting resin particles.
- the average particle diameter of the seed particles is preferably 20 to 150 nm, more preferably 40 to 120 nm, still more preferably 60 to 100 nm.
- the coefficient of variation of the particle diameter of the dye-containing resin particles can be reduced, specifically, 8% or less.
- the variation coefficient of the particle diameter of the seed particles is not particularly limited, but is usually 8 to 14%, preferably 8 to 12%.
- the average particle diameter and the coefficient of variation of the particle diameter of the resin particles shown in the present invention are obtained by performing SEM observation of the resin particles, arbitrarily measuring the particle diameter of 1000 resin particles from the obtained SEM image, and from the measured values. The calculated average particle size and coefficient of variation.
- the seed particles are formed of the thermosetting resin.
- the thermosetting resin forming the seed particles may be different from the thermosetting resin obtained by polymerizing the monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis in the dispersion, but is preferably the same type.
- the seed particles can be produced, for example, by polymerizing a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis by a dispersion polymerization method or the like.
- the thermosetting resin forming the seed particles is the same type as the thermosetting resin obtained by polymerizing the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer in the dispersion
- the thermosetting resin synthesis used for the preparation of the seed particles The monomer for use can be the same type as the monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis used for polymerization in the dispersion.
- the monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis will be described later.
- the dispersion polymerization method for example, a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis, an acid catalyst, a surfactant, and the like are dissolved in a dispersion medium, polymerized with stirring, and particles generated in the dispersion medium are filtered and obtained.
- the acid catalyst include dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sulfamic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and paratoluenesulfonic acid.
- the surfactant will be described later.
- a solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane or the like may be mixed with water.
- a liquid material capable of carrying out the polymerization can be selected and used.
- thermosetting resin synthesis monomer The blending amount of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer, the acid catalyst, the emulsifier, and the like, the polymerization temperature, and the polymerization time can be appropriately determined according to the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer, the acid catalyst, and the like.
- seed particles formed of melamine resin can be produced by the following process.
- An emulsion emulsifier for emulsion polymerization “Emulgen (registered trademark)” polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- Emgen registered trademark
- Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- melamine resin raw material “Nicalak MX-035” manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries Co., Ltd.
- 10% aqueous solution of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the temperature is raised to 88 to 92 ° C. and stirred for 20 to 40 minutes.
- a dispersion containing resin particles is obtained by the above steps. The resin particles are separated from the dispersion and used as seed particles.
- the polymerization of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer may be carried out in the presence of a pigment.
- the polymer produced by the polymerization grows while wrapping the dye, so that seed particles containing the dye can be obtained. Since the polymer produced by this polymerization has a three-dimensional network structure, the dye encapsulated in the polymer is not easily detached from the seed particles.
- the pigment may be added to water together with an emulsifier in the above step.
- the dye used when preparing the seed particles can be the same type as the dye present during the polymerization of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer in the dispersion. The dye will be described later.
- the seed particles produced as described above may contain unreacted monomers for thermosetting resin synthesis, it is preferable to remove these impurities by washing with pure water or the like. If the seed particles contain an unreacted thermosetting resin synthesis monomer, it may be difficult to reduce the coefficient of variation in the particle diameter of the dye-containing resin particles.
- Centrifugation or the like can be used for separation of the resin particles from the dispersion and washing with pure water or the like.
- the seed particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and a monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis is polymerized in the obtained dispersion in the presence of the dye and the acid catalyst.
- the dispersion medium is not particularly limited, but water can be suitably used.
- a mixture of water and a solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or dioxane may be used.
- a liquid material capable of carrying out the polymerization can be selected and used.
- thermosetting resin synthesis Add monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis, acid catalyst and dye to dispersion medium.
- the order of adding seed particles, thermosetting resin synthesis monomer, acid catalyst and dye to the dispersion medium is as follows. First, the dye, seed particles and thermosetting resin synthesis monomer are added to the dispersion medium, and finally the acid catalyst is added. It is preferable to add.
- the monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis means a compound that becomes a thermosetting resin by polymerization.
- examples of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer include melamine, urea, guanamine, phenol, xylene, and melamine, urea, guanamine, phenol, and xylene derivatives.
- thermosetting resin synthesis a melamine resin is obtained by polymerization, and if urea or a derivative thereof is used, a urea resin is obtained by the polymerization, and if guanamine or a derivative thereof is used, A guanamine resin is obtained by the polymerization, and if phenol or a derivative thereof is used, a phenol resin is obtained by the polymerization. If xylene or a derivative thereof is used, a xylene resin is obtained by the polymerization.
- the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer used for the preparation of the seed particles is the same as the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer described here.
- the addition amount of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer required for the target particle size can be obtained by calculation.
- the number of seed particles to be introduced is 6.0 ⁇ 10 14 or less, and the monomer amount is determined based on the number of particles in this range.
- the coefficient of variation of the particle diameter of the dye-containing resin particles can be easily reduced, and can be preferably 8% or less.
- the acid catalyst is a catalyst for the polymerization reaction of the monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis, and promotes the formation of resin particles.
- the monomer for thermosetting resin synthesis is polymerized using the acid catalyst in the seed particle dispersion, the coefficient of variation of the particle diameter of the dye-containing resin particles can be reduced, specifically 8% or less.
- the acid catalyst include dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sulfamic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
- dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and other acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and sulfamic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and formic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and acetic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and paratoluenesulfonic acid are particularly preferable.
- the amount of acid catalyst added is usually 30 to 200 mg, preferably 50 to 150 mg, with respect to 20 mL of water.
- the dye is not particularly limited, but an organic fluorescent dye is preferable when the dye-containing resin particles are used for immunostaining.
- the organic fluorescent dye can be selected from dyes of various systems such as rhodamine dyes, BODIPY (registered trademark, manufactured by Invitrogen), squarylium dyes, aromatic dyes, and the like.
- aromatic dyes such as aromatic hydrocarbon dyes, rhodamine dyes and the like are preferable because of their relatively high light resistance, and among them, perylene, pyrene, and perylene belonging to aromatic dyes.
- Diimide is preferred.
- rhodamine dyes and perylene diimide are excellent in quantum yield, light absorption, and the like, and are excellent in luminous efficiency. Therefore, resin particles containing these have excellent emission intensity compared to resin particles containing other dyes.
- rhodamine dyes include 5-carboxy-rhodamine, 6-carboxy-rhodamine, 5,6-dicarboxy-rhodamine, rhodamine 6G, tetramethylrhodamine, X-rhodamine, Texas Red, Spectrum Red, LD700 PERCHLORATE, those Derivatives and the like.
- BODIPY dye examples include BODIPY FL, BODIPY TMR, BODIPY 493/503, BODIPY 530/550, BODIPY 558/568, BODIPY 564/570, BODIPY 576/589, BODIPY 581/591, 3061 BODIPY 650/665 (manufactured by Invitrogen), derivatives thereof and the like.
- squarylium-based dye examples include SRfluor680-Carboxylate, 1,3-Bis [4- (dimethylamino) -2-hydroxyphenyl] -2,4-dihydroxycyclobutenedidium dihydroxide, bis, 1,3-bis (1,3-Bis (1,3-Bis) phenyl] -2,4-dihydroxycyclobutenedidium dihydroxide, bis, 2- (4- (Diethylamino) -2-hydroxyphenyl) -4- (4- (diethyliminothio) -2-hydroxy-cyclodioxy-3cyclo-cyclodioxy-3cyclo-cyclodioxy-3cyclo-cyclodioxy-3cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cyclo-cycl
- aromatic hydrocarbon dye examples include N, N-Bis- (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) -1,6,7,12- (4-tert-butylphenoxy) -perylene-3,4,9, 10-tetracarbonacidimide, N, N′-Bis (2,6-diisopropyphenyl) -1,6,7,12-tetraphenoxyperylene-3, 4: 9,10-tetracarbodiimide, N, N′-bis (2,6-pylido (2,6-pylidine) ) Perylene-3,4,9,10-bis (dicarbimide), 16, N, N'-Bis (2,6-dimethylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarb xylicimide, 4,4 ′-[(8,16-Dihydro-8,16-dioxodibenzo [a, j] perylene-2,10-diyl) dioxy]
- the amount of the pigment added is usually 17 to 27 mg, preferably 20 to 25 mg, based on 1 g of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer.
- the dye used for preparing the seed particles is the same as the dye described here.
- the average particle size of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles produced as described above is preferably 60 to 750 nm, and more preferably 60 to 500 nm.
- a surfactant to the dispersion.
- the particle diameter of the obtained pigment-containing resin particles can be adjusted.
- the surfactant is added in an amount of 10 to 60% by weight based on the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer, particles having a particle size of 30 to 300 nm can be easily produced.
- the ratio of the surfactant is increased, the particle diameter can be reduced, and particles of 30 nm or less can be produced.
- the ratio of the surfactant is reduced, the particle diameter can be increased, and particles of 300 nm or more can be produced.
- anionic surfactant examples include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
- nonionic surfactants examples include polyethylene glycol and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether.
- cationic surfactant examples include dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
- Emulgen registered trademark, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- Neoperex registered trademark, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- the active ingredient of emulgen is polyoxyethylene alkyl ether
- the active ingredient of neoperex is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
- the surfactant it is necessary to select a surfactant having a cloud point higher than the thermosetting reaction temperature in the polymerization step.
- a surfactant having a cloud point lower than the thermosetting reaction temperature the surfactant loses its hydration power with water and does not perform its function, and resin particles cannot be formed, resulting in a resin mass. Because it ends up.
- the surfactant used for the preparation of the seed particles is the same as the surfactant described here.
- the reaction conditions such as the thermosetting temperature and the polymerization time in the polymerization of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer are determined according to the type of the thermosetting resin synthesis monomer, and can be determined according to a known method.
- the reaction conditions need to be within the reaction conditions where the performance of the dye does not deteriorate, that is, within the heat resistant temperature range of the dye.
- thermosetting resin when the thermosetting resin is a melamine resin, the polymerization reaction of the thermosetting resin synthesizing monomer is usually performed at 70 to 200 ° C., preferably 150 to 200 ° C.
- the heat resistant temperature of the dye is, for example, 200 ° C. for rhodamine dyes, 200 ° C. for BODIPY (registered trademark, manufactured by Invitrogen), 200 ° C. for squarylium dyes, and 300 ° C. or more for aromatic hydrocarbon dyes. It is necessary to make the reaction conditions that the dyes can withstand.
- thermosetting resin particles having seed particles in the center and thermosetting resin in the outer periphery are formed. Since the polymer produced in this polymerization reaction grows while wrapping the pigment, the pigment is contained in the thermosetting resin in the outer peripheral portion, and the formed particles become pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles.
- the seed particles contain a dye, dye-containing thermosetting resin particles in which both the seed particles and the outer peripheral portion contain the dye are obtained.
- the dye encapsulated in the polymer is not easily detached from the resin particles. If the polymerization reaction is inadequate and the detachment of the dye from the dye-containing resin particles occurs, the dye-containing resin particles are at a temperature lower than the decomposition temperature or melting temperature of the resin, and the dye and resin particles are adversely affected. Further heat treatment may be performed at a non-temperature, and heat curing, that is, crosslinking may be promoted to suppress separation of the dye.
- the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles generated by this reaction are dispersed in the reaction solution, the dye-containing resin particles are separated from the reaction solution by centrifugation or the like. Since the obtained dye-containing resin particles usually contain unreacted thermosetting resin synthesis monomer, excess dye, acid catalyst, etc., the obtained dye-containing resin particles are washed to remove these impurities. Is preferably removed. For example, washing is performed by adding ultrapure water to the resin separated from the reaction solution, dispersing again by ultrasonic irradiation, and centrifuging to remove the supernatant.
- the series of washing operations such as redispersion in ultrapure water, centrifugation, and removal of the supernatant is preferably repeated a plurality of times until no absorbance or fluorescence derived from the resin or pigment is observed in the supernatant.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles produced by the production method of the present invention have a small coefficient of variation in particle diameter, specifically 8% or less. That is, the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles produced by the production method of the present invention have high monodispersity. For this reason, when immunological observation is performed by the fluorescent labeling method using the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles produced by the method for producing the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles of the present invention, the bright spots due to the particle size variation of the resin particles Since the intensity variation is small, the bright spot detection accuracy is high, the pigment-containing resin particles can be detected with high accuracy, and the number of particles can be accurately measured.
- the dye-containing resin particles produced by the method for producing the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles of the present invention are contained in a state where the dye is wrapped with a polymer having a three-dimensional network structure. Therefore, the coloring matter is held by the resin particles and is not easily detached to the outside of the resin particles. For this reason, when immunological observation is performed by the fluorescent labeling method using the fluorescent dye-containing resin particles produced by the method for producing the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles of the present invention, the bright spot bleeding that occurs during the fluorescent observation is observed. Can be suppressed.
- thermoplastic resin instead of a thermosetting resin in the above production method
- dye-containing resin particles having a small coefficient of variation in particle diameter are obtained, but the polymer constituting this has a three-dimensional network structure. Therefore, it is difficult to encapsulate the dye with the polymer, and the dye tends to be released to the outside of the resin particles. For this reason, when immunological observation is performed by a fluorescent labeling method using fluorescent dye-containing resin particles obtained by using a thermoplastic resin, bright spots are likely to blur during fluorescent observation.
- Example 1 Preparation of seed particles 5 of “Emulgen (registered trademark) 430” (polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, manufactured by Kao Corporation) as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization was added to a solution obtained by dissolving 4.4 mg of perylene diimide as a fluorescent dye in 20 mL of water. 2 mL of a mass% aqueous solution was added. This solution was heated to 70 ° C. while stirring on a hot stirrer, and then 0.14 g of “Nicarac MX-035” (manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries Co., Ltd.), a melamine resin raw material, was added to this solution as a solid content.
- “Emulgen (registered trademark) 430” polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- Separation of the resin particles from the obtained dispersion of resin particles, and washing for removing impurities such as excess resin raw materials and fluorescent dyes adhering to the resin particles were performed as follows.
- the dispersion is centrifuged at 20000 G for 90 minutes in a centrifuge (Kubota Co., Ltd., micro cooling centrifuge 3740), the supernatant is removed, ultrapure water is added to the separated particles, and ultrasonic irradiation is performed. Went and redispersed.
- the treatment by centrifugation, removal of the supernatant and redispersion in ultrapure water was repeated 5 times.
- the obtained resin particles were used as seed particles 1.
- the average particle size of the seed particles 1 was 20 nm, and the variation coefficient of the particle size was 12%.
- Piggen (registered trademark) 430 polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization in a solution obtained by adding 1.9 mg of fluorescent dye perylene diimide to 20 mL of water and dissolving it 2 mL of 5 mass% aqueous solution of was added. The solution was heated to 70 ° C.
- Separation of the resin particles from the obtained dispersion of resin particles, and washing for removing impurities such as excess resin raw materials and fluorescent dyes adhering to the resin particles were performed as follows.
- the dispersion is centrifuged at 20000 G for 90 minutes in a centrifuge (Kubota Co., Ltd., micro cooling centrifuge 3740), the supernatant is removed, ultrapure water is added to the separated particles, and ultrasonic irradiation is performed. Went and redispersed.
- the treatment by centrifugation, removal of the supernatant and redispersion in ultrapure water was repeated 5 times.
- the obtained resin particles were designated as dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 1.
- the average particle size of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 1 was 50 nm, and the coefficient of variation of the particle size was 10%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 1 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Seed particles 2 were prepared in the same manner as “(Preparation of seed particles)” in Example 1 except that 4.9 mg of perylene diimide and 0.18 g of Nicalac MX-035 were used as the solid content.
- the average particle size of the seed particles 2 was 30 nm, and the variation coefficient of the particle size was 11%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 2 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Seed particles 3 were prepared in the same manner as “(Preparation of seed particles)” in Example 1 except that 7.8 mg of perylene diimide and 0.24 g of Nicalac MX-035 were used as the solid content.
- the average particle size of the seed particles 3 was 60 nm, and the variation coefficient of the particle size was 12%.
- the seed particles 3 1.0 ⁇ 10 14 pieces that were used as the seed particles, it was 0.3g using NIKALAC MX-035 as a solid content, except that 9.5mg using perylene diimide of Example 1 "( Dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 3 were produced in the same manner as in “Manufacture of dye-containing thermosetting resin particles”.
- the average particle size of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 3 was 150 nm, and the coefficient of variation of the particle size was 8%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 3 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Seed particles 4 were prepared in the same manner as “(Preparation of seed particles)” in Example 1 except that 9.9 mg of perylene diimide and 0.32 g of solid content of Nicalac MX-035 were used. The average particle size of the seed particles 4 was 80 nm, and the variation coefficient of the particle size was 12%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 4 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Seed particles 5 were prepared in the same manner as “(Preparation of seed particles)” in Example 1, except that 14.4 mg of perylene diimide and 0.45 g of Nicalac MX-035 were used as the solid content.
- the average particle size of the seed particles 5 was 150 nm, and the variation coefficient of the particle size was 14%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 5 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 “(Production of dye-containing thermosetting resin particles)”, the dye was the same as Example 2 except that 2.9 mg of “sulforhodamine 101” (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the fluorescent dye. Contained thermosetting resin particles 6 were produced. The average particle size of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 6 was 60 nm, and the coefficient of variation of the particle size was 6%.
- Example 7 In Example 3, “(Production of dye-containing thermosetting resin particles)”, a dye was prepared in the same manner as Example 3 except that 9.1 mg of “sulforhodamine 101” (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the fluorescent dye. Contained thermosetting resin particles 7 were produced. The average particle size of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 7 was 150 nm, and the coefficient of variation of the particle size was 8%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 7 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 In “(Production of dye-containing thermosetting resin particles)” in Example 4, the same method as in Example 4 except that 12.8 mg of “sulforhodamine 101” (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the fluorescent dye. Contained thermosetting resin particles 8 were produced. The average particle size of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 8 was 300 nm, and the coefficient of variation in particle size was 7%.
- the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 8 were evaluated for bright spot variation and dye retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 In Example 5 “(Production of dye-containing thermosetting resin particles)”, a dye was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 19.0 mg of “sulforhodamine 101” (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the fluorescent dye. Contained thermosetting resin particles 9 were produced. The average particle diameter of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 9 was 750 nm, and the coefficient of variation of the particle diameter was 6%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 9 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 A 10% by weight aqueous solution of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid from an acid solution obtained by mixing an acid catalyst solution with a 2.47% by weight aqueous solution of sulfamic acid and a 10% by weight aqueous solution of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in a ratio of 1: 3. Except having changed to, dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 10 were produced in the same manner as in Example 3. The average particle size of the dye-containing thermosetting resin particles 10 was 150 nm, and the coefficient of variation in particle size was 10%.
- the pigment-containing thermosetting resin particles 10 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 1.
- “Emulgen (registered trademark) 430” polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, manufactured by Kao Corp.
- an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization in a solution obtained by dissolving 10.0 mg of perylene diimide, a fluorescent dye, in 20 mL of water 2 mL of a 5 mass% aqueous solution of was added. The solution was heated to 70 ° C.
- Separation of the resin particles from the obtained dispersion of resin particles, and washing for removing impurities such as excess resin raw materials and fluorescent dyes adhering to the resin particles were performed as follows.
- the dispersion is centrifuged at 20000 G for 15 minutes in a centrifuge (Kubota Co., Ltd., micro cooling centrifuge 3740), the supernatant is removed, ultrapure water is added to the separated particles, and ultrasonic irradiation is performed. Went and redispersed.
- the treatment by centrifugation, removal of the supernatant and redispersion in ultrapure water was repeated 5 times.
- the obtained resin particles were designated as pigment-containing resin particles R1.
- the particle diameter of the dye-containing resin particles R1 was 60 nm, and the coefficient of variation was 12%.
- the pigment-containing resin particles R1 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Dye-containing resin particles R2 were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that 0.45 g of “Nicalac MX-035” was used as the solid content and 14.4 mg of perylene diimide was used. The average particle size of the dye-containing resin particles R2 was 150 nm, and the coefficient of variation in particle size was 13%.
- the pigment-containing resin particles R2 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Dye-containing resin particles R3 were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that 0.60 g of “Nicalac MX-035” was used as the solid content, and 18.0 mg of perylene diimide was used. The average particle size of the dye-containing resin particles R3 was 300 nm, and the coefficient of variation in particle size was 17%.
- the pigment-containing resin particles R3 were evaluated for bright spot variation and pigment retention. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Dye-containing resin particles R2 were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that 0.84 g of “Nicalac MX-035” was used as the solid content and 27.0 mg of perylene diimide was used.
- the average particle size of the dye-containing resin particles R4 was 750 nm, and the coefficient of variation in particle size was 18%.
- the dye-containing resin particles R4 were evaluated for bright spot variation and dye retention. The results are shown in Table 2.
- [Comparative Example 5] (Preparation of seed particles) 20 mL of water, 0.20 g of styrene, and 0.04 g of glycidyl methacrylate were placed in a reaction vessel, and Ar bubbling was performed. To this solution, 0.20 mL of an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 50 mg of 2,2-Azobis (2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride, which is a water-soluble radical generator, in 0.50 mL of water was added. The reaction vessel was covered and heated to 70 ° C. for reaction for 12 hours.
- the cloudy reaction liquid containing the produced resin particles was centrifuged at 20000 G for 90 minutes in a centrifuge (Microcooled Centrifuge 3740 manufactured by Kubota Corporation) to collect resin particles. After removing the supernatant, ultrapure water was added to the separated particles, and ultrasonic dispersion was performed to redisperse. The treatment by centrifugation, removal of the supernatant and redispersion in ultrapure water was repeated three times. The obtained resin particles were designated as seed particles R5. The average particle size of the seed particles R5 was 60 nm, and the variation coefficient of the particle size was 11%.
- the cloudy reaction liquid containing the produced resin particles was centrifuged at 20000 G for 90 minutes in a centrifuge (Microcooled Centrifuge 3740 manufactured by Kubota Corporation) to collect resin particles. After removing the supernatant, ultrapure water was added to the separated particles, and ultrasonic dispersion was performed to redisperse. The treatment by centrifugation, removal of the supernatant and redispersion in ultrapure water was repeated three times. The same amount of methanol was added to the aqueous dispersion of the resin particles obtained, and 9.5 mg of perylene diimide was added as a methanol solution while stirring vigorously at room temperature using a stirrer.
- a centrifuge Microcooled Centrifuge 3740 manufactured by Kubota Corporation
- the aqueous dispersion was centrifuged at 20000 G for 90 minutes in a centrifuge (Microcooled Centrifuge 3740 manufactured by Kubota Corp.) to collect resin particles. After removing the supernatant, the recovered resin particles were dispersed in water and filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter to remove excess pigment. The resin particles separated by filtration were redispersed in water, and the treatment by centrifugation, removal of supernatant and redispersion in water under the same conditions as described above was repeated three times. The obtained particles were designated as dye-containing resin particles R5. The average particle size of the dye-containing resin particles R5 was 150 nm, and the coefficient of variation in particle size was 7%.
- the dye-containing resin particles R5 were evaluated for bright spot variation and dye retention. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Dye-containing resin particles R6 were produced in the same manner as “(Production of dye-containing thermosetting resin particles)” in Example 3 except that seed particles R5 were used as seed particles.
- the average particle size of the dye-containing resin particles R6 was 150 nm, and the coefficient of variation in particle size was 8%.
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Abstract
Description
上記のように製造された色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の平均粒子径は60~750nmであることが好ましく、60~500nmであることがより好ましい。
[樹脂粒子の平均粒子径及び粒子径の変動係数測定]
樹脂粒子分散液を基板上で乾燥させて、樹脂粒子のSEM観察を行い、得られたSEM像から任意に粒子1000個の粒子径を計測し、平均粒子径と粒子径の変動係数を算出した。
ガラス基板上に樹脂粒子分散液を塗布し、蛍光顕微鏡画像を撮影した。その後同視野でSEM観察を行った。得られた蛍光顕微鏡画像とSEM画像から、任意に1粒子の輝点100個について輝点輝度を計測した。輝点輝度の平均値を算出し、平均値の1/2~2倍の範囲から外れる粒子の数が1個以内である場合を「A」、2~4個である場合を「B」、5個以上である場合を「C」として評価した。
粒子含有量が1mg/mLである粒子分散液1mLを2本のプラスチック遠心チューブにそれぞれ入れ、遠心分離を行って粒子を分離した。ここにエタノールを加えて超音波分散し、粒子液をエタノールで置換した状態とした。再度、遠心分離し上澄みを除去後片方のチューブにはDMFを、もう一方のチューブにはキシレンをそれぞれのチューブに1mLずつ加え、超音波分散を行った。10分間放置後、遠心分離を行ない、沈殿生成の有無を評価した。沈殿が生成し上澄みが無色のものは色素保持性が「A」、沈殿が生成せずに液が着色しているものは色素保持性が「C」とした。
(シード粒子の作製)
蛍光色素であるペリレンジイミド4.4mgを水20mLに溶解して得られた溶液に乳化重合用乳化剤である「エマルゲン(登録商標)430」(ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル、花王(株)製)の5質量%水溶液を2mL加えた。この溶液をホットスターラー上で撹拌しながら70℃まで昇温させた後、この溶液にメラミン樹脂原料である「ニカラックMX-035」(日本カーバイド工業(株)製)を固形分量として0.14g加えた。さらに、この溶液に酸触媒であるドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸(関東化学(株)製)の10質量%水溶液を0.70mL加え、70℃に加熱して50分間撹拌し、さらに90℃に昇温して20分間撹拌して、メラミン樹脂の合成を行った。
(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)
蛍光色素であるペリレンジイミド1.9mgを水20mLに加えて溶解して得られた溶液に乳化重合用乳化剤である「エマルゲン(登録商標)430」(ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル、花王(株)製)の5質量%水溶液を2mL加えた。この溶液をホットスターラー上で撹拌しながら70℃まで昇温させた後、この溶液にシード粒子1を5.0×1014個加え、得られた分散液にメラミン樹脂原料である「ニカラックMX-035」(日本カーバイド工業(株)製)を固形分量として0.06g加えた。この分散液に、酸触媒であるスルファミン酸(関東化学(株)製)の2.47質量%水溶液と酸触媒であるドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸の10質量%水溶液とを1:3の比率で混合して得られた酸溶液を0.70mL加え、70℃に加熱して50分間攪拌し、さらに90℃に昇温して20分間撹拌して、メラミン樹脂の合成を行った。
[実施例2]
(シード粒子の作製)
ペリレンジイミドを4.9mg、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.18gとしたこと以外は実施例1の「(シード粒子の作製)」と同様にしてシード粒子2を作製した。シード粒子2の平均粒子径は30nm、粒子径の変動係数は11%であった。
(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)
シード粒子としてシード粒子2を4.0×1014個使用したこと、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.1g使用したこと、ペリレンジイミドを3.2mg使用したこと以外は実施例1の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子2を製造した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子2の平均粒子径は60nm、粒子径の変動係数は8%であった。
[実施例3]
(シード粒子の作製)
ペリレンジイミドを7.8mg、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.24gとしたこと以外は実施例1の「(シード粒子の作製)」と同様にしてシード粒子3を作製した。シード粒子3の平均粒子径は60nm、粒子径の変動係数は12%であった。
(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)
シード粒子としてシード粒子3を1.0×1014個使用したこと、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.3g使用したこと、ペリレンジイミドを9.5mg使用したこと以外は実施例1の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子3を製造した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子3の平均粒子径は150nm、粒子径の変動係数は8%であった。
[実施例4]
(シード粒子の作製)
ペリレンジイミドを9.9mg、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.32gとしたこと以外は実施例1の「(シード粒子の作製)」と同様にしてシード粒子4を作製した。シード粒子4の平均粒子径は80nm、粒子径の変動係数は12%であった。
(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)
シード粒子としてシード粒子4を2.7×1013個使用したこと、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.6g使用したこと、ペリレンジイミドを13.3mg使用したこと以外は実施例1の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子4を製造した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子4の平均粒子径は300nm、粒子径の変動係数は7%であった。
[実施例5]
(シード粒子の作製)
ペリレンジイミドを14.4mg、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.45gとしたこと以外は実施例1の「(シード粒子の作製)」と同様にしてシード粒子5を作製した。シード粒子5の平均粒子径は150nm、粒子径の変動係数は14%であった。
(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)
シード粒子としてシード粒子5を2.8×1012個使用したこと、ニカラックMX-035を固形分量として0.9g使用したこと、ペリレンジイミドを19.9mg使用したこと以外は実施例1の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子5を製造した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子5の平均粒子径は750nm、粒子径の変動係数は6%であった。
[実施例6]
実施例2の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」において、蛍光色素として「スルホローダミン101」(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を2.9mg使用したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子6を作製した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子6の平均粒子径は60nm、粒子径の変動係数は6%であった。
[実施例7]
実施例3の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」において、蛍光色素として「スルホローダミン101」(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を9.1mg使用したこと以外は実施例3と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子7を作製した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子7の平均粒子径は150nm、粒子径の変動係数は8%であった。
[実施例8]
実施例4の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」において、蛍光色素として「スルホローダミン101」(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を12.8mg使用したこと以外は実施例4と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子8を作製した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子8の平均粒子径は300nm、粒子径の変動係数は7%であった。
[実施例9]
実施例5の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」において、蛍光色素として「スルホローダミン101」(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を19.0mg使用したこと以外は実施例5と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子9を作製した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子9の平均粒子径は750nm、粒子径の変動係数は6%であった。
[実施例10]
酸触媒溶液を、スルファミン酸の2.47質量%水溶液とドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸の10質量%水溶液とを1:3の比率で混合して得られた酸溶液からドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸の10質量%水溶液に変更した以外は実施例3と同様にして色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子10を作製した。色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子10の平均粒子径は150nm、粒子径の変動係数は10%であった。
[比較例1]
蛍光色素であるペリレンジイミド10.0mgを水20mLに加えて溶解して得られた溶液に乳化重合用乳化剤である「エマルゲン(登録商標)430」(ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル、花王(株)製)の5質量%水溶液を2mL加えた。この溶液をホットスターラー上で撹拌しながら70℃に昇温させた後、この溶液にメラミン樹脂原料である「ニカラックMX-035」(日本カーバイド工業(株)製)を固形分として0.31g加えた。さらに、この溶液に酸触媒であるドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸(関東化学(株)製)の10質量%水溶液を0.70mL加え、70℃に加熱して50分間撹拌し、さらに90℃に昇温して20分間撹拌して、メラミン樹脂の合成を行った。
[比較例2]
「ニカラックMX-035」を固形分量として0.45g使用したこと、ペリレンジイミドを14.4mg使用したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして色素含有樹脂粒子R2を製造した。色素含有樹脂粒子R2の平均粒子径は150nm、粒子径の変動係数は13%であった。
[比較例3]
「ニカラックMX-035」を固形分量として0.60g使用したこと、ペリレンジイミドを18.0mg使用したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして色素含有樹脂粒子R3を製造した。色素含有樹脂粒子R3の平均粒子径は300nm、粒子径の変動係数は17%であった。
[比較例4]
「ニカラックMX-035」を固形分量として0.84g使用したこと、ペリレンジイミドを27.0mg使用したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして色素含有樹脂粒子R2を製造した。色素含有樹脂粒子R4の平均粒子径は750nm、粒子径の変動係数は18%であった。
[比較例5]
(シード粒子の作製)
反応容器に水20mL、スチレン0.20g、グリシジルメタクリレート0.04gを入れ、Arバブリングを行った。この溶液に、水溶性ラジカル発生剤である2,2-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride 50mgを水0.50mLに溶解して得られた水溶液を0.20mL添加した。反応容器にふたをして、70℃に加熱して12時間反応を行った。生成した樹脂粒子を含む白濁した反応液を遠心分離機(クボタ(株)製マイクロ冷却遠心機3740)にて20000Gで90分間遠心分離して、樹脂粒子を回収した。上澄みを除去した後、分離された粒子に超純水を加え、超音波照射を行って再分散した。遠心分離、上澄み除去および超純水への再分散による処理を3回繰り返した。得られた樹脂粒子をシード粒子R5とした。シード粒子R5の平均粒子径は60nm、粒子径の変動係数は11%であった。
反応容器に水20mL、スチレン0.20g、グリシジルメタクリレート0.04g、1.0×1014個のシード粒子R5を入れ、Arバブリングを行った。この分散液に、2,2-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride50mgを水0.50mLに溶解して得られた水溶液20mgを添加した。反応容器にふたをして、70℃に加熱して12時間反応を行った。生成した樹脂粒子を含む白濁した反応液を遠心分離機(クボタ(株)製マイクロ冷却遠心機3740)にて20000Gで90分間遠心分離して、樹脂粒子を回収した。上澄みを除去した後、分離された粒子に超純水を加え、超音波照射を行って再分散した。遠心分離、上澄み除去および超純水への再分散による処理を3回繰り返した。得られた樹脂粒子の水分散液に、これと同量のメタノールを加え、スターラーを用いて室温で激しく攪拌しながら、ペリレンジイミド9.5mgをメタノール溶液として加えた。8時間後、水分散液を遠心分離機(クボタ(株)製マイクロ冷却遠心機3740)にて20000Gで90分間遠心分離して、樹脂粒子を回収した。上澄みを除去した後、回収した樹脂粒子を水に分散し、1.0μmのフィルターでろ過し、余剰の色素を除去した。ろ別された樹脂粒子を水に再分散し、上記と同条件での遠心分離、上澄み除去および水への再分散による処理を3回繰り返した。得られた粒子を色素含有樹脂粒子R5とした。色素含有樹脂粒子R5の平均粒子径は150nm、粒子径の変動係数は7%であった。
[比較例6]
シード粒子としてシード粒子R5を使用したこと以外は実施例3の「(色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造)」と同様にして色素含有樹脂粒子R6を製造した。色素含有樹脂粒子R6の平均粒子径は150nm、粒子径の変動係数は8%であった。
Claims (11)
- 熱硬化性樹脂により形成されたシード粒子を分散媒に分散させ、得られた分散液中で色素及び酸触媒の存在下に熱硬化性樹脂合成用モノマーを重合させる、色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記シード粒子の平均粒子径が20~150nmである請求項1に記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記酸触媒がドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸を含む2種の酸の混合物である請求項1または2に記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の平均粒子径が60~750nmである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記分散液中で熱硬化性樹脂合成用モノマーを重合させて得られる樹脂が、メラミン、尿素、グアナミン、フェノール、キシレンまたはこれらの誘導体から形成される構成単位を含む請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記シード粒子を形成する熱硬化性樹脂が、前記分散液中で熱硬化性樹脂合成用モノマーを重合させて得られる熱硬化性樹脂と同種である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記シード粒子を、熱硬化性樹脂合成用モノマーを重合させて作製する請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記シード粒子を、色素の存在下で熱硬化性樹脂合成用モノマーを重合させて作製する請求項7に記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記シード粒子の作製時に存在した色素が、前記分散液中における熱硬化性樹脂合成用モノマーの重合時に存在した色素と同種である請求項8に記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記色素が有機蛍光色素である請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
- 前記有機蛍光色素がローダミンまたは芳香族系色素である請求項10に記載の色素含有熱硬化性樹脂粒子の製造方法。
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