WO2017101692A1 - 无线充电对位系统和方法、电动车辆和无线充电发射系统 - Google Patents

无线充电对位系统和方法、电动车辆和无线充电发射系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017101692A1
WO2017101692A1 PCT/CN2016/108431 CN2016108431W WO2017101692A1 WO 2017101692 A1 WO2017101692 A1 WO 2017101692A1 CN 2016108431 W CN2016108431 W CN 2016108431W WO 2017101692 A1 WO2017101692 A1 WO 2017101692A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
alignment
electric vehicle
signal
guiding
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/108431
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨青春
王洁芳
周莹
郭昊
刘博�
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular relates to a wireless charging alignment system for an electric vehicle, and an electric vehicle, a wireless charging transmission system, and a wireless charging alignment method of the electric vehicle.
  • the wireless charging of electric vehicles is favored by more and more automobile manufacturers because of their safety and convenience.
  • the wireless charging transmitter and receiver of the electric vehicle require a relatively accurate alignment when charging. The more accurate the positioning position, the higher the charging efficiency of the wireless charging system, the smaller the heat generated during charging, and the less power loss, thereby saving energy. Avoid wasting energy.
  • the wireless charging system of an electric vehicle generally adopts a marking method to achieve the alignment of the electric vehicle and the wireless charging transmitting device.
  • draw some auxiliary positioning markings to help the electric vehicle to locate.
  • the marking line and the electric vehicle reference object coincide, it is considered that the electric vehicle and the wireless charging transmitting device have been positioned.
  • each reference line can only be used for one type of electric vehicle, and the other electric vehicle is replaced.
  • the above reference line is completely useless.
  • for the electric vehicle of the same model due to personal technical reasons, it is not possible to align once, and it takes several times to complete the alignment function, which wastes time and wastes resources.
  • environmental factors have a greater impact on the way of alignment. For example, heavy rain, haze and other weather, the markings cannot be clearly seen, and the alignment is more difficult.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, the present invention needs to provide a wireless charging alignment system for an electric vehicle, which has higher alignment accuracy and improved charging efficiency.
  • the invention also proposes an electric vehicle and a wireless charging transmission system.
  • the present invention further provides a wireless charging method for an electric vehicle.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a wireless charging alignment system for an electric vehicle, the system comprising: a charging transmitting end, a charging guiding device and a charging alignment device, wherein the charging transmitting end, the charging guiding device and the charging matching device are both disposed in a charging parking space, and the charging guiding device generates a charging guiding signal,
  • the charging alignment device generates a charging alignment signal; a charging receiving end and a registration detecting device, the registration detecting device is configured to detect the charging guiding signal and the charging alignment signal; and the control device is receiving Acquiring a current operating parameter of the electric vehicle after the charging start signal, and generating a charging guidance control signal according to the current operating parameter and the charging guiding signal to control the electric vehicle to the charging pre-alignment position, and according to the Generating a charging alignment control signal to align the charging receiving end with the charging transmitting end; wherein the charging receiving end, the alignment detecting device, and the control device are respectively disposed on the On an electric vehicle, the
  • the electric vehicle wireless charging aligning system of the present invention by providing a charging guiding device and a charging aligning device in the charging parking space, a charging detecting device is provided on the electric vehicle, and the control device controls the automatic aligning executing device to operate according to the charging guiding signal. Guiding the electric vehicle to the charging pre-alignment position, and then generating a charging alignment control signal according to the detected charging alignment signal to align the charging receiving end with the charging transmitting end, thereby realizing the alignment control of the wireless charging, and delimiting the charging position Compared with the standard line method, the alignment accuracy is higher, the wireless charging efficiency is improved, the energy waste is reduced, and manual intervention is required without manual intervention.
  • the charging automatic alignment can be completed at one time, which is more convenient and time-saving, and is more suitable than the delineation method. More models.
  • an electric vehicle including: a charging receiving end; a registration detecting device, the registration detecting device is configured to detect a charging guiding signal and a charging alignment signal; and the control device
  • the control device acquires a current operating parameter of the electric vehicle after receiving the charging start signal, and generates a charging guidance control signal according to the current operating parameter and the charging guiding signal to control the electric vehicle to the charging pre-pair a bit position, and generating a charging alignment control signal according to the charging alignment signal to align the charging receiving end with a charging transmitting end in the charging parking space, wherein the charging receiving end is aligned with the charging transmitting end
  • the wireless charging signal transmitted by the charging transmitting end is then received to charge the power battery of the electric vehicle.
  • the charging guiding signal and the charging alignment signal are detected by the installation alignment detecting device, and the control device controls the charging guiding signal and the charging alignment signal respectively, thereby realizing automatic matching between the charging receiving end and the charging transmitting end.
  • the positioning is more precise, the charging efficiency is improved, and no manual intervention is required, and the alignment can be completed at one time, which is more convenient.
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides a wireless charging and transmitting system, comprising: a charging transmitting end, wherein the charging transmitting end transmits the wireless charging signal after being aligned with a charging receiving end; charging a guiding device, the charging guiding device generates a charging guiding signal; the charging matching device generates a charging alignment signal; the charging transmitting end, the charging guiding device and the matching device are all set in wireless charging Inside the parking space.
  • the wireless charging and transmitting system of the present invention by installing the charging guiding device and the charging alignment device in the charging parking space, the alignment is more accurate, the charging efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced as compared with the manner of delineating the marking. Compared with the way of delineating the marking line, it is less affected by environmental factors and adapts to a wider range of models.
  • the present invention provides, in one aspect, a method for wireless charging alignment of an electric vehicle, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring a current operating parameter of the electric vehicle after acquiring the charging start signal, and acquiring a charging guide signal; The current operating parameter and the charging pilot signal control operation of an automatic alignment executing device of the electric vehicle to guide the electric vehicle to a charging pre-alignment position; acquiring a charging alignment signal; controlling according to the charging alignment signal The automatic alignment performing device operates to align the charging receiving end and the charging transmitting end.
  • the automatic alignment control is realized according to the charging guiding signal and the charging alignment signal, and the alignment is more accurate and the charging efficiency is improved, and the charging efficiency can be completed at one time. Matching, no need to think of intervention, more convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle wireless charging system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle wireless charging system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a registration detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a charging guiding device and a charging alignment device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output signal waveform of a magnetic induction detecting unit according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle side in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the alignment display of a charging transmitting end and a charging receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a wireless charging transmission system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method of wireless charging alignment of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a method of wireless charging alignment of an electric vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a wireless vehicle wireless charging and positioning system, which can improve the accuracy of charging alignment, improve wireless charging efficiency, and save energy.
  • the wireless charging alignment system 100 includes a charging receiving end 10, a registration detecting device 20, and a charging transmitting end. 30.
  • the charging receiving end 10, the registration detecting device 20, and the control device 60 are all located on the electric vehicle 200, and may be mounted as standard before the electric vehicle 200 is shipped, or may be installed after the electric vehicle 200 is shipped.
  • the charging transmitting end 30, the charging guiding device 40 and the charging and collating device 50 are all disposed in the charging parking space, that is, the electric vehicle 200 needs to be parked into the charging parking space for charging.
  • the charging transmitting end 30 transmits a wireless charging signal after being aligned with the charging receiving end 10, the charging guiding device 40 generates a charging guiding signal, and the charging matching device 50 generates a charging alignment signal.
  • the charging receiving end 10 is configured to receive a wireless charging signal to charge the power battery of the electric vehicle 200
  • the registration detecting device 20 is configured to detect the charging guiding signal and the charging alignment signal.
  • the charging guide signal can be understood as a signal for guiding the electric vehicle 200 into a suitable charging area
  • the charging registration signal can be understood as a signal for realizing the alignment of the charging receiving end 10 and the charging transmitting end 30.
  • the control device 60 acquires the current operating parameters of the electric vehicle 200 after receiving the charging start signal, and the control device 60 generates a charging guidance control signal according to the current operating parameter and the charging guide signal to control the electric vehicle 200 to the charging pre-alignment position, and according to the charging The charging signal generates a charging alignment control signal to align the charging receiving end 10 with the charging transmitting terminal 30.
  • the electric vehicle wireless charging aligning system of the present invention by providing a charging guiding device and a charging aligning device in the charging parking space, a charging detecting device is provided on the electric vehicle, and the control device controls the charging guiding signal and the charging aligning signal according to
  • the charging receiving end is aligned with the charging transmitting end to realize the alignment control of the wireless charging, and the alignment precision is higher than the method of delineating the marking line in the charging parking space, thereby improving the wireless charging efficiency, reducing energy waste, and eliminating manual intervention.
  • the charging can be automatically aligned in one time, which is more convenient and time-saving, and more models are applied than the delineating method.
  • the system 100 further includes an automatic alignment executing device 70, such as an automatic driving system or an automatic parking system of the electric vehicle 200.
  • the control device 60 controls the automatic alignment executing device 70 to guide the electric vehicle according to the charging guidance control signal. 200 to the charging pre-alignment position, for example, guiding the position of the electric vehicle 200 to the charging transmitting end 30 and the charging receiving end 10, that is, the position where the center lines of the two coincide, and further, the control device 60 controls according to the charging registration control signal.
  • the automatic alignment device 70 is arranged to align the charging receiving end 10 with the charging transmitting end 30. It can be seen that in the charging pre-alignment position, the electric vehicle 200 only needs to go straight. The automatic alignment of the charging receiving end 10 and the charging transmitting end 30 is achieved.
  • the charging activation signal may be sent through the start button, or the control device 60 detects that the reverse signal, that is, the vehicle stop signal is R.
  • the charging detecting device 20 detects the charging signal installed in the charging parking space, including the charging guiding signal and the charging registration signal, and the control device 60 according to the data transmitted by the charging detecting device 20 and the current state of the electric vehicle 200
  • the operating state parameter is calculated and fitted into the running route of the electric vehicle 200, and the route data is transmitted to the automatic alignment executing device 70 such as an automatic driving system or an automatic parking system through the data interface, and then the automatic alignment executing device 70 according to the route
  • the data automatically travels until the control signal of the completion of the alignment is received, and the automatic alignment is performed during wireless charging.
  • the charging transmitter 30 transmits a charging signal to the charging receiving terminal 10 to implement wireless charging.
  • the electric vehicle wireless charging aligning system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention provides a charging detecting device 20 on the electric vehicle 200 by providing a charging guiding device 40 and a charging aligning device 50 in the charging parking space, and the control device 60 controls according to the charging guiding signal.
  • the automatic registration executing device 70 operates to guide the electric vehicle to the charging pre-alignment position, thereby controlling the automatic alignment of the wireless charging by the automatic registration executing device 70 according to the detected charging alignment signal, and delineating the marking line in the charging parking space.
  • the alignment accuracy is higher, the wireless charging efficiency is improved, the energy waste is reduced, and manual intervention is not required, and the automatic alignment of the charging can be completed at one time, which is more convenient and time-saving, and more applicable than the delineation method.
  • the charging receiving end 10 and the charging detecting device 20 are respectively disposed on the chassis 01 of the electric vehicle, and correspondingly, as shown in FIG. 4, the charging transmitting end 30, the charging guiding device 40, and the charging collating device 50 are disposed. On the ground of the charging parking space.
  • the alignment detecting device 20 includes N magnetic sensing detecting units 21, which are uniformly disposed around the charging receiving end 10 and form concentric circles with the center of the charging receiving end 10.
  • N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3
  • the number of magnetic sensing units 21 may be set according to a specific case or accuracy of charging alignment.
  • the wireless charging alignment system 100 can be activated by the charging activation device.
  • the charging registration start button and the control device 60 are both installed inside the electric vehicle 200, and the control device 60 is connected to the communication bus of the automobile through the communication interface. Data exchange and transfer via the communication bus.
  • the control device 60 acquires current operating parameters of the electric vehicle 200, such as start, speed, direction, presence or absence of braking, etc. from the ECU and other units of the electric vehicle 200, and transmits the current operating parameters and the alignment detecting device 20
  • the detection data is analyzed and calculated, and it is found that the control state parameter of the electric vehicle 200 is transmitted to the automatic driving system 71 or the automatic parking system 72 to complete the wireless charging alignment system 100. Automatic alignment.
  • the charging parking space in which the wireless charging transmitting system is located includes a guiding area and a matching area, wherein a charging guiding device 40 can be installed in the guiding area, and the charging guiding device 40 includes a guiding permanent magnet 41 for guiding the permanent magnet 41.
  • the charging guiding device 40 includes a guiding permanent magnet 41 for guiding the permanent magnet 41.
  • the magnetic induction detecting unit 21 of the charging registration detecting device 20 detects the electromagnetic strength of the guiding permanent magnet 41. According to the distribution of the magnetic sensing unit 21 and the charging guiding device 40, the detected magnetic induction signal may be different depending on the position of the electric vehicle 200.
  • the control device 60 can determine the position of the electric vehicle 200, and then adjust the electric vehicle 200 to the charging pre-alignment position, that is, the charging receiving end 10 and the charging transmitting end 30 are in the right position. .
  • the shape of the guiding permanent magnet 41 may be one of a herringbone shape, an isosceles triangle, and an isosceles trapezoid.
  • the permanent magnet 41 may also be other capable of realizing the state in which the charging transmitting end 30 and the charging receiving end 10 are facing each other. Shape, such as an arc. As shown in FIG.
  • the two branches of the chevron are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the charging transmitting end 30; for the isosceles triangular permanent magnet 41, the two waists of the isosceles triangle are opposite to The central axis of the charging transmitting end 30 is symmetrical; for the isosceles trapezoidal permanent magnet 41, the two waists of the isosceles trapezoid are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the charging transmitting end 30; it is understood that the two symmetrical guiding permanent magnets 41 are The branches tend to intersect toward the charging transmitting end 30, so that the facing state with the charging transmitting end 30 can be better achieved.
  • the charging detecting device 20 includes three magnetic sensing units 21 as an example. As shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic sensing unit 21 (1#) and the magnetic sensing unit 21 (2#) are shown. It is used to detect whether the central axis of the charging receiving end 10 and the central axis of the charging transmitting end 30 coincide. For example, when the electric vehicle is in the leftward position, the control device 60 can determine the left and right deviation according to the strength of the two magnetic fields, and then control The automatic registration executing device 70 moves to make adjustments.
  • the magnetic induction detecting unit 21 outputs a waveform signal as shown in FIG. 5, for example, when the waveform is in the positions a1 and b1, the positional deviation of the current electric vehicle is proved. On the left side, it needs to move to the right. Similarly, when the waveform is at the positions b2 and a2, it proves that the position of the current electric vehicle 200 is biased to the right side and needs to move to the left.
  • the waveform When the waveform is in the positions b1 and b2, it indicates that the movement is at Just above the permanent magnet 41 of the charging guide 40, only a small amount of left and right movement is required, so that the waveform signal is at the c position, indicating that it is just aligned.
  • the magnetic sensing unit 21 (1#) and the magnetic sensing unit 21 (2#) are symmetrical with respect to the magnetic sensing unit 21 (3#), when the waveform signals detected by 1# and 2# are at the c position, Then, the waveform signal outputted by the magnetic induction detecting unit 21 (3#) is also at the c position, that is, the position where the detected magnetic induction intensity is the strongest, indicating that the pilot alignment is completed, and the electric vehicle 200 moves to the charging pre-alignment position.
  • charging alignment The set 50 includes N permanent magnet units 51, which are disposed corresponding to the N magnetic sense detecting units 21, and the N permanent magnet units 51 are uniformly disposed around the charging transmitting end 30 and at the center of the charging transmitting end 30. Form a concentric circle.
  • the charging alignment device 50 includes three permanent magnet units 51, and the three permanent magnet units 51 in the alignment area and the magnetic induction detecting unit 21 on the electric vehicle 200 are correspondingly disposed.
  • the mounting radius is exactly the same, and the angle between the three permanent magnet units 51 is also 120°.
  • the permanent magnet is used in the charging parking space to assist the positioning, and the construction is simple and convenient, no need to introduce the power cord, and the charging transmitting end 30, the charging guiding device 40 and the charging alignment device 50 can be covered with cement or other non-magnetic materials or non-metal materials.
  • the maintenance and replacement is more convenient, just replace the damaged part, because there is no electrical connection. Therefore, it is less affected by environmental factors such as haze, rain, snow and dust.
  • the alignment state of the charging transmitting end 30 and the charging receiving end 10 can also be displayed by a display device 80, such as a multimedia display system, provided on the electric vehicle.
  • a display device 80 such as a multimedia display system, provided on the electric vehicle.
  • 7 is a schematic diagram of display by the display device 80, wherein the shaded portion is an alignment coincidence state of the charging transmitting end 30 and the charging receiving end 10, and some errors and suggestions may also be displayed.
  • the user can also stop the automatic alignment system 100 to operate, perform manual alignment by itself, and perform parameter optimization processing such as calibration and correction on some parameters of the system 100 through the multimedia display system, and the control device 60 can align according to the history of the user.
  • the operation information corrects the parameters of the automatic registration system 100 to ensure the system's stronger adaptability and self-learning ability.
  • the working process of the electric vehicle wireless charging alignment system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is: when the vehicle is engaged in the reverse gear, that is, the R gear or the start button of the wireless charging registration system 100 is pressed. At this time, the wireless charging registration system 100 is activated.
  • the magnetic induction detecting unit 21 of the registration detecting device 20 mounted on the electric vehicle chassis 01 is turned on, and detects the magnetic signal of the guiding permanent magnet 41 of the charging guiding device 40 installed in advance at the ground position, and the control device 60 sets the magnetic signal strength.
  • the direction in which the electric vehicle 200 needs to move is fitted to the automatic parking system 72 of the electric vehicle 200 or the automatic driving system 71 and the display device 80 via the communication interface 03.
  • the automatic parking system 72 or the automated driving system 71 automatically controls the vehicle to approach the wireless charging transmitter 30 based on the data of the control device 60.
  • the electric vehicle automatically calibrates the direction and enters the registration entrance by the charging guide 40.
  • the electric vehicle 200 automatically continues to travel straight into the alignment area, when the magnetic induction detecting unit 21 on the electric vehicle, for example, the magnetometer and the charging position on the charging position
  • the permanent magnet unit 51 of the device 50 is positioned correctly, and the strength of the three magnetometers is the strongest, and when they are nearly equal, the wireless charging alignment system 100 is aligned.
  • the control device 60 transmits a parking signal of the car, the electric vehicle stops, and the wireless charging receiving end 10 starts. Charging.
  • the alignment state displayed by the display device 80 on the electric vehicle is the overlap of the alignment.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the electric vehicle 200 includes a charging receiving end 10 and alignment detection. Device 20 and control device 60.
  • the charging receiving end 10 is configured to receive a wireless charging signal to charge the power battery 90 of the electric vehicle 200, and the registration detecting device 20 is configured to detect the charging guiding signal and the charging alignment signal.
  • the control device 60 acquires the current operating parameters of the electric vehicle 200 after receiving the charging start signal, and generates a charging guidance control signal to control the electric vehicle 200 to the charging pre-alignment position based on the current operating parameters and the charging pilot signal.
  • the control device 60 generates a charging alignment control signal based on the charging alignment signal to align the charging receiving terminal 10 with the charging transmitting terminal 30.
  • the charging guiding signal and the charging registration signal are detected by the installation alignment detecting device 20, and the control device 60 controls the automatic registration executing device 70 to operate according to the charging guiding signal and the charging registration signal, respectively.
  • the automatic alignment of the charging receiving end 10 and the charging transmitting end is realized, and the alignment is more accurate, the charging efficiency is improved, and the charging efficiency can be improved without manual intervention, and the alignment can be completed at one time, which is more convenient.
  • the electric vehicle 200 further includes an automatic registration executing device 70 that controls the automatic alignment executing device 70 to guide the electric vehicle 200 to the charging pre-alignment position according to the charging guidance control signal, and according to the charging alignment control.
  • the signal control automatically aligns the actuator 70 to align the charging receiver 10 with the charging transmitter 30 to achieve automatic alignment.
  • the alignment detecting device 20 includes N magnetic sensing detecting units 21, and the N magnetic sensing detecting units 21 are uniformly disposed around the charging receiving end 10 and form concentric circles with the center of the charging receiving end 10.
  • N is an odd number greater than or equal to 3.
  • the charging receiving end 10 and the charging detecting device 20 are respectively disposed on the chassis 01 of the electric vehicle 200.
  • N 3
  • the angle between the adjacent magnetic induction detecting units 21 is 120°.
  • the electric vehicle 200 further includes a display device 80, such as a multimedia display system, for displaying the alignment state of the charging transmitting end and the charging receiving end 10, as shown in FIG.
  • the starter 81 receives the operation command from the user, the starter 81 outputs a charge start signal, and the electric vehicle 200 automatically performs the charge-aligned travel.
  • the wireless charging transmission system 300 includes a charging transmitting end 30, a charging guiding device 40, and a charging alignment device 50, and a charging transmitting end 30, charging. Both the guiding device 40 and the charging alignment device 50 are disposed within the wireless charging parking space.
  • the charging transmitting end 30 transmits a wireless charging signal after being aligned with the charging receiving end; the charging guiding device 40 generates a charging guiding signal; and the charging matching device 50 generates a charging alignment signal.
  • the wireless charging transmitting system 300 by installing the charging guiding device 40 in the charging parking space Compared with the charging alignment device 50, the alignment is more accurate, the charging efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced. Compared with the way of delineating the marking line, it is less affected by environmental factors and adapts to a wider range of models.
  • the charging transmitting end 30, the charging guiding device 40, and the charging aligning device 50 are disposed on the ground of the wireless charging parking space.
  • the charging transmitting end 30, the charging guiding device 40 and the charging alignment device 50 can cover the non-magnetic material or the non-metal material, the parking space surface has no traces, and the maintenance and replacement is more convenient, and only the damaged part can be replaced. Because there is no electrical connection. Therefore, it is less affected by environmental factors such as haze, rain, snow and dust.
  • the charging guide device 40 includes a guiding permanent magnet 41 having two portions that are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the charging transmitting end 30, the two portions being non-parallel.
  • the shape of the guiding permanent magnet 41 may be, but not limited to, one of a chevron shape, an isosceles triangle, and an isosceles trapezoid. As shown in FIG. 4, the guiding permanent magnet 41 is a herringbone shape.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method of wireless charging alignment of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12, the method includes the following steps:
  • the automatic alignment control is realized according to the charging guiding signal and the charging alignment signal, and the alignment is more accurate and the charging efficiency is improved compared with the method of delineating the marking line. It is more convenient to complete the alignment at one time without thinking of intervention.
  • the automatic alignment device if the brake signal is detected, the automatic alignment device is controlled to stop, that is, the automatic alignment control is stopped, the user can automatically perform manual alignment, and the control device records the user's operation command, and The operating parameters of the automatic alignment executing device can be corrected according to the historical data of the operation instruction, so that self-learning can be performed, and the adaptability is stronger.
  • FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a method for wireless charging alignment of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 13, including:
  • step S50 whether the brake signal is detected, and if so, proceeds to step S60, otherwise proceeds to steps S70 and S80.
  • the automatic driving system of the electric vehicle or the automatic parking system operates according to the control curve.
  • step S90 Determine whether the charging registration is completed, and if yes, proceed to step S100, otherwise return to step S40.
  • the automatic alignment system is activated when the electric vehicle is engaged in the R position or the registration start button is triggered.
  • the data of the magnetometer is obtained, and judged and fitted according to the data, which is converted into a control curve of the electric vehicle route, and transmitted to the automatic driving system or the automatic parking system of the electric vehicle through the communication interface.
  • the vehicle is automatically driven by an automatic driving system or an automatic parking system.
  • the alignment of the charging transmitter and the charging receiver can be displayed in real time on the multimedia system of the car, so that the user can more intuitively understand the situation of the alignment.
  • the multimedia display is completed after the alignment.
  • the system sends a completion signal to the execution system, ie the automatic driving system or the automatic parking system.
  • the charging receiving end and the charging transmitting end start charging.
  • Automatic alignment is completed. In the automatic alignment process, if the brake signal is detected, the automatic alignment system stops working and will enter the manual registration phase.
  • the control request signal is no longer sent to the automatic parking system or the automated driving system, but the display signal is still sent to the multimedia display system to provide a more direct sensory image for the user.
  • the ability to detect errors and auto-learn can be implemented, and internal parameters can be automatically optimized based on multiple data of the user. Ensure more reliable and intelligent completion of the alignment function.
  • any process or method description in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to include the steps including one or more steps for implementing a particular logical function or process. Modules, segments or portions of code of executable instructions, and the scope of preferred embodiments of the invention includes additional implementations, which may not be in the order shown or discussed, including in a substantially simultaneous manner depending on the functionality involved. The functions are performed in the reverse order, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.
  • a "computer-readable medium” can be any apparatus that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use in an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, or in conjunction with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • a more specific example (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable media includes the following: electrical connections having one or more wires (electrical Sub-device), portable computer case (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable editable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic device, and portable CD Read only memory (CDROM).
  • the computer readable medium may even be a paper or other suitable medium on which the program can be printed, as it may be optically scanned, for example by paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpretation or, if appropriate, other suitable The method is processed to obtain the program electronically and then stored in computer memory.
  • portions of the invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof.
  • multiple steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or combination of the following techniques well known in the art: having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals. Discrete logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
  • a plurality is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

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Abstract

一种电动车辆无线充电对位系统（100），该系统包括充电发射端（30）、充电引导装置（40）、充电对位装置（50）、充电接收端（10）、对位检测装置（20）和控制装置（60），充电引导装置（40）产生充电引导信号，充电对位装置（50）产生充电对位信号；对位检测装置（20）检测充电引导信号和充电对位信号；控制装置（60）在接收到充电启动信号后获取电动车辆（200）的当前运行参数，根据当前运行参数和充电引导信号生成充电引导控制信号，根据充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使充电接收端（10）与充电发射端（30）对位；其中，充电接收端（10）、对位检测装置（20）和控制装置（60）设置于电动车辆（200）上。该无线充电对位系统（100），对位更加精准，提高充电效率。一种电动车辆（200）、无线充电发射系统和无线充电对位方法。

Description

无线充电对位系统和方法、电动车辆和无线充电发射系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201510956201.3，申请日为2015年12月18日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明属于车辆技术领域，尤其涉及一种电动车辆的无线充电对位系统，以及一种电动车辆、无线充电发射系统，和电动车辆的无线充电对位方法。
背景技术
随着电动车辆的快速发展，用户对电动车辆充电的要求也越来越高。比如，电动车辆充电站的分布，电动车辆的便捷充电以及电动车辆的无线充电。其中，电动车辆的无线充电由于安全，便捷，受到越来越多的汽车厂家的青睐。但是电动车辆无线充电发射端和接收端在充电时需要比较精确的对位。定位位置越准确，无线充电系统的充电效率越高，充电时所引起的发热就越小、电量损耗就少，从而节约电能。避免能源的浪费。
目前，电动车辆的无线充电系统，一般采取标线的方式来实现电动车辆和无线充电发射装置的对位。在电动车辆的停车位，画一些辅助定位的标线，来帮助电动车辆定位。当标线和电动车辆参照物重合时，认为电动车辆和无线充电发射装置已经定位完成。
但是，由于电动车辆的外型大小不统一，每个参考标线只能针对一种车型的电动车辆，更换另一种电动车辆，以上参考标线则完全没有用途。另外，对于同一车型的电动车辆，由于个人技术的原因，并不能一次性对准，需要多次才能完成对位功能，既浪费时间又浪费资源。再就是，环境因素对该对位方式影响较大，例如大雨、雾霾等天气，不能很清晰地看到标线，对位更加困难。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明需要提出一种电动车辆的无线充电对位系统，该无线充电对位系统，对位精度更高，提高充电效率。
本发明还提出一种电动车辆和无线充电发射系统。
本发明另外还提出一种电动车辆的无线充电方法。
为了解决上述问题，本发明一方面提出一种电动车辆的无线充电对位系统，该系统包括： 充电发射端、充电引导装置和充电对位装置，所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和所述充电对位装置均设置在充电车位内，所述充电引导装置产生充电引导信号，所述充电对位装置产生充电对位信号；充电接收端和对位检测装置，所述对位检测装置用于检测所述充电引导信号和所述充电对位信号；控制装置，所述控制装置在接收到充电启动信号之后获取所述电动车辆的当前运行参数，并根据所述当前运行参数和所述充电引导信号生成充电引导控制信号以控制所述电动车辆至充电预对位位置，以及根据所述充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使所述充电接收端与所述充电发射端对位；其中，所述充电接收端、所述对位检测装置和所述控制装置分别设置于所述电动车辆上，所述充电发射端在与所述充电接收端对位之后发射无线充电信号，所述充电接收端接收所述无线充电信号以为所述电动车辆的动力电池充电。
根据本发明的电动车辆无线充电对位系统，通过在充电车位内设置充电引导装置和充电对位装置，在电动车辆上设置充电检测装置，控制装置根据充电引导信号控制自动对位执行装置运行以引导电动车辆至充电预对位位置，进而根据检测的充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使充电接收端与充电发射端对位，实现无线充电的对位控制，与在充电车位划定标线的方式相比，对位精度更高，提高无线充电效率，减少能源浪费，无需手动干预，可以一次性完成充电自动对位，更加方便省时，与划定标线方式相比，适用更多的车型。
为了解决上述问题，本发明另一方面提出一种电动车辆，该电动车辆包括：充电接收端；对位检测装置，所述对位检测装置用于检测充电引导信号和充电对位信号；控制装置，所述控制装置在接收到充电启动信号之后获取所述电动车辆的当前运行参数，并根据所述当前运行参数和所述充电引导信号生成充电引导控制信号以控制所述电动车辆至充电预对位位置，以及根据所述充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使所述充电接收端与充电车位内的充电发射端对位，其中所述充电接收端在与所述充电发射端对位后接收所述充电发射端发射的无线充电信号以为所述电动车辆的动力电池充电。
根据本发明的电动车辆，通过安装对位检测装置检测充电引导信号和充电对位信号，进而控制装置分别根据充电引导信号和充电对位信号进行控制，从而实现充电接收端与充电发射端的自动对位，与划定标线的方式相比，对位更加精准，提高充电效率，无需人工干预，可以一次性完成对位，更加便捷。
为了解决上述问题，本发明又一方面提出一种无线充电发射系统，该无线充电发射系统包括：充电发射端，所述充电发射端在与充电接收端对位后发射所述无线充电信号；充电引导装置，所述充电引导装置产生充电引导信号；充电对位装置，所述充电对位装置产生充电对位信号；所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和对位装置均设置在无线充电车位内。
根据本发明的无线充电发射系统，通过在充电车位内安装充电引导装置和充电对位装置，与划定标线的方式相比，对位更加精确，提高充电效率，降低能耗。与划定标线的方式相比，受环境因素影响更小，适应车型更加广泛。
为了解决上述问题，本发明在一方面提出一种电动车辆无线充电对位方法，该方法包括以下步骤：在检测到充电启动信号之后，获取电动车辆的当前运行参数，并获取充电引导信号；根据所述当前运行参数和所述充电引导信号控制所述电动车辆的自动对位执行装置运行以引导所述电动车辆至充电预对位位置；获取充电对位信号；根据所述充电对位信号控制所述自动对位执行装置运行以使所述充电接收端和所述充电发射端对位。
根据本发明的电动车辆无线充电对位方法，根据充电引导信号和充电对位信号实现自动对位控制，与划定标线的方式相比，对位更加精确，提高充电效率，可以一次性完成对位，无需认为干预，更加便捷。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆无线充电系统的框图；
图2是根据本发明的另一个实施例的电动车辆无线充电系统的框图；
图3是根据本发明的一个具体实施例的对位检测装置的设置示意图；
图4是根据本发明的另一个具体实施例的充电引导装置和充电对位装置的设置示意图；
图5是根据本发明的又一个具体实施例的磁感检测单元的输出信号波形的示意图；
图6是根据本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆侧的框图；
图7是根据本发明的一个具体实施例的充电发射端与充电接收端的对齐显示示意图；
图8是根据本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆的框图；
图9是根据本发明的一个另一个实施例的电动车辆的框图；
图10是根据本发明的一个又一个实施例的电动车辆的框图；
图11是根据本发明的一个实施例的无线充电发射系统的框图；
图12是根据本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆无线充电对位方法的流程图；以及
图13是根据本发明的一个具体实施例的电动车辆无线充电对位方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
针对相关技术中电动车辆进行无线充电时不能精确对位的问题，本发明实施例提出一种电动车辆无线充电定位系统，该系统可以提高充电对位的精度，提高无线充电效率，节约能源。
下面参照附图描述根据本发明实施例提出的电动车辆无线充电定位系统。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆的无线充电对位系统的框图，如图1所示，该无线充电对位系统100包括充电接收端10、对位检测装置20、充电发射端30、充电引导装置40、充电对位装置50和控制装置60。充电接收端10、对位检测装置20和控制装置60均位于电动车辆200上，可以在电动车辆200出厂之前标配安装，也可以在电动车辆200出厂之后进行加装。充电发射端30、充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50均设置在充电车位内，即电动车辆200需要泊车至该充电车位内进行充电。
其中，充电发射端30在与充电接收端10对位后发射无线充电信号，充电引导装置40产生充电引导信号，充电对位装置50产生充电对位信号。
充电接收端10用于接收无线充电信号以为电动车辆200的动力电池充电，对位检测装置20用于检测充电引导信号和充电对位信号。其中，充电引导信号可以理解为实现引导电动车辆200进入合适的充电区域的信号，充电对位信号可以理解为实现充电接收端10与充电发射端30对位的信号。
控制装置60在接收到充电启动信号之后获取电动车辆200的当前运行参数，控制装置60根据当前运行参数和充电引导信号生成充电引导控制信号以控制电动车辆200至充电预对位位置，以及根据充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使充电接收端10与充电发射端30对位。
根据本发明的电动车辆无线充电对位系统，通过在充电车位内设置充电引导装置和充电对位装置，在电动车辆上设置充电检测装置，控制装置根据充电引导信号和充电对位信号进行控制以使充电接收端与充电发射端对位，实现无线充电的对位控制，与在充电车位划定标线的方式相比，对位精度更高，提高无线充电效率，减少能源浪费，无需手动干预，可以一次性完成充电自动对位，更加方便省时，与划定标线方式相比，适用更多的车型。
在本发明的实施例中，可以进行手动对位也可以进行自动对位。如图2所示，该系统100还包括自动对位执行装置70，例如电动车辆200的自动驾驶系统或者自动泊车系统，控制装置60根据充电引导控制信号控制自动对位执行装置70引导电动车辆200至充电预对位位置，例如，引导电动车辆200至充电发射端30与充电接收端10正对位置，即两者的中心线重合的位置，进而，控制装置60根据充电对位控制信号控制自动对位执行装置70以使充电接收端10与充电发射端30对位，可知，在充电预对位位置，电动车辆200只需直行即可 实现充电接收端10与充电发射端30的自动对位。
具体地，在进行无线充电之前进入充电车位时，控制装置60接收到启动无线充电信号之后，例如，可以通过启动按钮发出充电启动信号，或者，控制装置60检测到倒车信号即车挡信号为R档时即认为检测到充电启动信号，充电检测装置20检测安装在充电车位内的充电信号，包括充电引导信号和充电对位信号，控制装置60根据充电检测装置20传输的数据和电动车辆200当前的运行状态参数进行运算拟合成电动车辆200的运行路线，并将路线数据通过数据接口传递给自动对位执行装置70例如自动驾驶系统或者自动泊车系统，进而自动对位执行装置70根据路线数据自动行驶，直至接收到对位完成的控制信号，实现无线充电时的自动对位，进而在对位之后，充电发射端30发射充电信号至充电接收端10，实现无线充电。
本发明实施例的电动车辆无线充电对位系统100，通过在充电车位内设置充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50，在电动车辆200上设置充电检测装置20，控制装置60根据充电引导信号控制自动对位执行装置70运行以引导电动车辆至充电预对位位置，进而根据检测的充电对位信号控制自动对位执行装置70实现无线充电的自动对位，与在充电车位划定标线的方式相比，对位精度更高，提高无线充电效率，减少能源浪费，无需手动干预，可以一次性完成充电自动对位，更加方便省时，与划定标线方式相比，适用更多的车型。
参照图3所示，充电接收端10和充电检测装置20分别设置在电动车辆的底盘01上，对应地，如图4所示，充电发射端30、充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50设置在充电车位的地面上。
在本发明的一些实施例中，对位检测装置20包括N个磁感检测单元21，N个磁感检测单元21均匀设置在充电接收端10的周围且与充电接收端10的中心形成同心圆，其中，N为大于或者等于3的正整数，具体地，磁感检测单元21的数量可以根据具体情况或者充电对位的精确性考虑进行设置。
在本发明的一些实施例中，N为大于或等于3的奇数，如图3所示，N＝3，且相邻磁感检测单元21之间的夹角为120°，可以很好地避免充电对位的偏移。
在实际应用中，可以通过充电启动装置启动无线充电对位系统100，充电对位启动按钮和控制装置60均安装在电动车辆200的内部，控制装置60通过通讯接口连接在汽车的通讯总线上，通过通信总线进行数据交换和传递。首先，控制装置60从电动车辆200的ECU和其他单元获取电动车辆200的当前运行参数，例如，启动、速度、方向、有无刹车等信号，并对当前运行参数和对位检测装置20传递的检测数据进行分析计算，得出电动车辆200的控制状态参数传递给自动驾驶系统71或者自动泊车系统72，完成无线充电对位系统100的 自动对位。
参照图4所示，无线充电发射系统所处的充电车位中包括引导区域和对位区域，其中，引导区域中可以安装充电引导装置40，充电引导装置40包括引导永磁体41，引导永磁体41具有相对于充电发射端30的中心轴对称的两个部，例如图3中人字形的分支1和分支2，且该两个部不平行，即引导永磁体的中心轴与充电发射端30的中心轴重合，充电引导装置40的作用即将进入充电车位时不同状态的电动车辆200，经过引导区域的引导后，电动车辆200的充电接收端10和位于车位的充电发射端30位置为正对状态。充电对位检测装置20的磁感检测单元21检测引导永磁体41的电磁强度，根据磁感检测单元21和充电引导装置40的分布，检测的磁感信号会因为电动车辆200的位置不同而不同，根据磁感检测单元21的检测数据，控制装置60可以判断电动车辆200的位置，进而调整电动车辆200至充电预对位位置，即实现充电接收端10和充电发射端30位置为正对状态。
具体地，引导永磁体41的形状可以为人字形、等腰三角形和等腰梯形中的一种，当然，永磁体41也可以是能够实现充电发射端30与充电接收端10正对状态的其他的形状，例如弧形。如图4所示，对于人字形的引导永磁体41，人字形的两个分支相对于充电发射端30的中心轴对称；对于等腰三角形的永磁体41，等腰三角形的两个腰相对于充电发射端30的中心轴对称；对于等腰梯形的永磁体41，等腰梯形的两个腰相对于充电发射端30的中心轴对称；可以理解的是，引导永磁体41的对称的两个分支朝向充电发射端30方向趋于相交，从而可以更好地实现与充电发射端30的正对状态。
下面参照图3-5所示，以充电检测装置20包括3个磁感检测单元21为例，如图3所示，磁感检测单元21(1#)和磁感检测单元21(2#)用来检测充电接收端10的中轴线与充电发射端30的中轴线是否重合，例如，电动车辆处于偏左的位置时，控制装置60根据两个磁场的强度不同，可以判断左右偏差，进而控制自动对位执行装置70移动以进行调整。
具体地，在电动车辆倒车入充电车位在引导区域移动时，磁感检测单元21会输出如图5所示的波形信号，例如，当波形在a1和b1位置时，证明当前电动车辆的位置偏向左侧，需要向右移动，同理，当波形在b2和a2位置时，证明当前电动车辆200的位置偏向右侧，需要向左移动，当波形处于b1和b2位置时，表明此次移动处于充电引导装置40的永磁体41的正上方，只需小幅度的左右移动，使得波形信号处于c位置，表明正好对齐。因为磁感检测单元21(1#)和磁感检测单元21(2#)相对于磁感检测单元21(3#)是对称的，在1#和2#检测的波形信号处于c位置时，则磁感检测单元21(3#)输出的波形信号也处于c位置即检测的磁感强度最强的位置，表明此次引导对位完成，电动车辆200移动至充电预对位位置。
在充电预对位位置，充电车辆200可以更便捷地实现自动对位。相对应地，充电对位装 置50包括N个永磁单元51，N个永磁单元51与N个磁感检测单元21对应设置，N个永磁单元51均匀设置在充电发射端30的周围且与充电发射端30的中心形成同心圆。如图4所示，充电对位装置50包括3个永磁单元51，在对位区域内的三个永磁单元51和电动车辆200上的磁感检测单元21是相对应设置的，两者的安装半径完全相同，三个永磁单元51的夹角也是120°。当三个磁感检测单元21检测的磁感强度最强，而且几乎相等时，说明三个磁感检测单元21分别与对应的永磁单元51相对位，充电发射端30与充电接收端10对位完成。
在充电停车位使用永磁体来辅助定位，施工简单方便，无需再引入电源线，充电发射端30、充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50的上面可以覆盖水泥或其他非磁性材料或非金属材料，以避免对检测信号的影响，且停车位表面没有任何的痕迹，而且维修更换更加方便，只需更换损坏的部位即可，因为没有任何的电气连接。因而受环境因素例如雾霾、雨雪和沙尘的影响比较小。
另外，如图6所示，还可以通过设置在电动车辆上的显示装置80例如多媒体显示系统，对充电发射端30和充电接收端10的对位状态进行显示。图7是显示装置80进行显示的示意图，其中，阴影部分是充电发射端30与充电接收端10的对齐重合状态，还可以显示一些错误和建议。
另外，用户还可以停止自动对位系统100进行运行，自行进行手动对位，并通过多媒体显示系统对系统100的一些参数进行校准和修正等参数优化处理，控制装置60可以根据用户的历史对位操作信息对自动对位系统100的参数进行修正，来保证系统的更强的适应能力和自学习能力。
概括地说，如图6所示，本发明实施例的电动车辆无线充电对位系统100的工作过程是：当车辆挂入倒挡即R档或者按下无线充电对位系统100的启动按钮02时，无线充电对位系统100启动。安装在电动车辆底盘01上的对位检测装置20的磁感检测单元21开启，并检测在地面位置预先安装好的充电引导装置40的引导永磁体41的磁信号，控制装置60将磁信号强度拟合成电动车辆200需要移动的指示方向，通过通讯接口03传递给电动车辆200的自动泊车系统72或者自动驾驶系统71和显示装置80。自动泊车系统72或自动驾驶系统71会根据控制装置60的数据自动控制车辆接近无线充电发射端30。通过充电引导装置40电动车辆自动校准了方向和进入对位入口。
当对位引导完成电动车辆进入充电预对位位置之后，电动车辆200自动直线继续行驶，进入对位区域，当电动车辆上的磁感检测单元21例如磁强计和充电车位上的充电对位装置50的永磁单元51位置正对，且三个磁强计的强度最强，而且几乎相等时，无线充电对位系统100对位完成。控制装置60发送汽车驻车信号，电动车辆停止，无线充电接收端10开始 充电。同时，电动车辆上的显示装置80显示的对位状态为对位重叠。
下面参照附图对本发明实施例的电动车辆进行说明，图8是根据本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆200的框图，如图8所示，该电动车辆200包括充电接收端10、对位检测装置20、控制装置60。
其中，充电接收端10用于接收无线充电信号以为电动车辆200的动力电池90充电，对位检测装置20用于检测充电引导信号和充电对位信号。
控制装置60在接收到充电启动信号之后获取电动车辆200的当前运行参数，并根据当前运行参数和充电引导信号生成充电引导控制信号以控制电动车辆200至充电预对位位置。
控制装置60根据充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使充电接收端10与充电发射端30对位。
根据本发明实施例的电动车辆200，通过安装对位检测装置20检测充电引导信号和充电对位信号，进而控制装置60分别根据充电引导信号和充电对位信号控制自动对位执行装置70运行，从而实现充电接收端10与充电发射端的自动对位，与划定标线的方式相比，对位更加精准，提高充电效率，无需人工干预，可以一次性完成对位，更加便捷。
在本发明的实施例中，可以进行手动对位也可以进行自动对位。如图9所示，电动车辆200还包括自动对位执行装置70，控制装置60根据充电引导控制信号控制自动对位执行装置70引导电动车辆200至充电预对位位置，以及根据充电对位控制信号控制自动对位执行装置70以使充电接收端10与充电发射端30对位，从而实现自动对位。
其中，对位检测装置20包括N个磁感检测单元21，N个磁感检测单元21均匀设置在充电接收端10的周围且与充电接收端10的中心形成同心圆。
具体地，N为大于或等于3的奇数。如图3所示，充电接收端10和充电检测装置20分别设置在电动车辆200的底盘01上。N＝3，且相邻磁感检测单元21之间的夹角为120°。
如图10所示，电动车辆200还包括显示装置80例如多媒体显示系统，用于对充电发射端和充电接收端10的对位状态进行显示，如图7所示。
还可以在电动车辆200上设置启动装置02，启动装置81在接收到用户的操作指令时，输出充电启动信号，进而电动车辆200自动进行充电对位行驶。
下面参照附图描述本发明实施例的无线充电发射系统，如图11所示，该无线充电发射系统300包括充电发射端30、充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50，充电发射端30、充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50均设置在无线充电车位内。
其中，充电发射端30在与充电接收端对位后发射无线充电信号；充电引导装置40产生充电引导信号；充电对位装置50产生充电对位信号。
根据本发明实施例的无线充电发射系统300，通过在充电车位内安装充电引导装置40 和充电对位装置50，与划定标线的方式相比，对位更加精确，提高充电效率，降低能耗。与划定标线的方式相比，受环境因素影响更小，适应车型更加广泛。
具体地，充电发射端30、充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50设置在无线充电车位的地面上。充电发射端30、充电引导装置40和充电对位装置50的上面可以覆盖非磁性材料或非金属材料，停车位表面没有任何的痕迹，而且维修更换更加方便，只需更换损坏的部位即可，因为没有任何的电气连接。因而受环境因素例如雾霾、雨雪和沙尘的影响比较小。
充电引导装置40包括引导永磁体41，引导永磁体41具有相对于充电发射端30的中心轴对称的两个部，两个部不平行。具体地，引导永磁体41的形状可以为但不限于人字形、等腰三角形和等腰梯形中的一种，如图4所示，引导永磁体41为人字形。
充电对位装置50包括N个对位永磁体51，N个对位永磁体51均匀设置在充电发射端30的周围且与充电发射端的中心形成同心圆。如图4所示，N＝3，相邻对位永磁体51之间的夹角为120°。
下面参照附图描述本发明另一方面实施例的电动车辆的无线充电对位方法。
图12是根据本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆的无线充电对位方法的流程图，如图12所示，该方法包括以下步骤：
S1，在检测到充电启动信号之后，获取电动车辆的当前运行参数，并获取充电引导信号。
S2，根据当前运行参数和充电引导信号控制电动车辆的自动对位执行装置运行以引导电动车辆至充电预对位位置。
S3，获取充电对位信号。
S4，根据充电对位信号控制自动对位执行装置运行以使充电接收端和充电发射端对位。
根据本发明实施例的电动车辆的无线充电对位方法，根据充电引导信号和充电对位信号实现自动对位控制，与划定标线的方式相比，对位更加精确，提高充电效率，可以一次性完成对位，无需认为干预，更加便捷。
另外，在自动对位过程中，如果检测到刹车信号，则控制自动对位执行装置停止运行，也就是停止自动对位控制，用户可以自动进行手动对位，控制装置记录用户的操作指令，并可以根据操作指令的历史数据对自动对位执行装置的运行参数进行修正，从而可以进行自学习，适应性更强。
图13是根据本发明的一个具体实施例的电动车辆的无线充电对位方法的流程图，如图13所示，包括：
S10，检测到启动自动对位系统的启动按钮输出启动信号或者电动车辆的档位信号为R档。
S20，无线充电对位系统启动。
S30，获取磁强计的输出数据。
S40，计算并拟合电动车辆的控制曲线。
S50，是否检测到刹车信号，如果是，则进入步骤S60，否则进入步骤S70和S80。
S60，无线充电对位系统停止运行。
S70，电动车辆的自动驾驶系统或者自动泊车系统按照控制曲线运行。
S80，电动车辆的多媒体系统显示。
S90，判断充电对位是否完成，如果是，则进入步骤S100，否则返回步骤S40。
S100，进行无线充电。
参照图6所示，当电动车辆挂入R档或者对位启动按钮被触发时，该自动对位系统启动。开始获取磁强计的数据，并根据数据进行判断和拟合，将其转换为电动车辆路线的控制曲线，通过通讯接口传递给电动车辆的自动驾驶系统或者自动泊车系统。通过自动驾驶系统或自动泊车系统来控制车辆自动行走。
同时，可以将充电发射端和充电接收端的对位情况实时的显示在汽车的多媒体系统上，使用户更直观的了解对位的情况。经历引导和对位两个阶段，多媒体显示对位完成后。系统发送完成信号给到执行系统即自动驾驶系统或自动泊车系统。充电接收端和充电发射端开始充电。自动对位完成。在自动对位过程中，如果检测到刹车信号，自动对位系统停止工作，将进入手动对位阶段。不再向自动泊车系统或自动驾驶系统发送控制请求信号，但是仍继续向多媒体显示系统发送显示信号，提供用户更直接的感官图像。
另外，还可以实现错误检测和自动学习的能力，可以根据用户的多次数据，自动优化内部参数。保证更加可靠、更加智能的完成对位的功能。
需要说明的是，在本说明的描述中，流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本发明的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本发明的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤，例如，可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表，可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备(如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统)使用，或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言，"计算机可读介质"可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行系统、装置或设备或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用的装置。计算机可读介质的更具体的示例(非穷尽性列表)包括以下：具有一个或多个布线的电连接部(电 子装置)，便携式计算机盘盒(磁装置)，随机存取存储器(RAM)，只读存储器(ROM)，可擦除可编辑只读存储器(EPROM或闪速存储器)，光纤装置，以及便携式光盘只读存储器(CDROM)。另外，计算机可读介质甚至可以是可在其上打印所述程序的纸或其他合适的介质，因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描，接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得所述程序，然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。
应当理解，本发明的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电动车辆的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，包括：
    充电发射端、充电引导装置和充电对位装置，所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和所述充电对位装置均设置在充电车位内，所述充电引导装置用于产生充电引导信号，所述充电对位装置用于产生充电对位信号；
    充电接收端和对位检测装置，所述对位检测装置用于检测所述充电引导信号和所述充电对位信号；
    控制装置，所述控制装置用于在接收到充电启动信号之后获取所述电动车辆的当前运行参数，并根据所述当前运行参数和所述充电引导信号生成充电引导控制信号以控制所述电动车辆至充电预对位位置，以及根据所述充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使所述充电接收端与所述充电发射端对位；
    其中，所述充电接收端、所述对位检测装置和所述控制装置分别设置于所述电动车辆上，所述充电发射端在与所述充电接收端对位之后发射无线充电信号，所述充电接收端接收所述无线充电信号以为所述电动车辆的动力电池充电。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    自动对位执行装置，所述自动对位执行装置位于所述电动车辆上，所述控制装置根据所述充电引导控制信号控制所述自动对位执行装置引导所述电动车辆至所述充电预对位位置，以及根据所述充电对位控制信号控制所述自动对位执行装置以使所述充电接收端与所述充电发射端对位。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述对位检测装置包括N个磁感检测单元，所述N个磁感检测单元均匀设置在所述充电接收端的周围且与所述充电接收端的中心形成同心圆，其中，N为大于或者等于3的正整数。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，N为大于或等于3的奇数。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，其中，N＝3，且相邻磁感检测单元之间的夹角为120°。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述充电接收端和所述充电检测装置分别设置在所述电动车辆的底盘上，所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和所述充电对位装置分别设置在充电车位的地面上。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述充电引导装置包括引导永磁体，所述引导永磁体具有相对于所述充电发射端的中心轴对称的两个部，所述两个部不平行。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述引导永磁体的形状为人字形、等腰三角形和等腰梯形中的一种。
  9. 如权利要求3或4或5所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述充电对位装置包括N个对位永磁体，所述N个对位永磁体与所述N个磁感检测单元对应设置，所述N个对位永磁体均匀设置在所述充电发射端的周围且与所述充电发射端的中心形成同心圆。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和所述充电对位装置的上面覆盖非磁性材料或非金属材料。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    显示装置，所述显示装置设置在所述电动车辆上，用于对所述充电发射端和所述充电接收端的对位状态进行显示。
  12. 一种电动车辆，其特征在于，包括：
    对位检测装置，所述对位检测装置用于检测充电引导信号和充电对位信号；
    充电接收端；
    控制装置，所述控制装置在接收到充电启动信号之后获取所述电动车辆的当前运行参数，并根据所述当前运行参数和所述充电引导信号生成充电引导控制信号以控制所述电动车辆至充电预对位位置，以及根据所述充电对位信号生成充电对位控制信号以使所述充电接收端与充电车位内的充电发射端对位，
    其中所述充电接收端在与所述充电发射端对位后接收所述充电发射端发射的无线充电信号以为所述电动车辆的动力电池充电。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，还包括：
    自动对位执行装置，所述控制装置根据所述充电引导控制信号控制所述自动对位执行装置引导所述电动车辆至充电预对位位置，以及根据所述充电对位控制信号控制所述自动对位执行装置以使所述充电接收端与充电发射端对位。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述对位检测装置包括N个磁感检测单元，所述N个磁感检测单元均匀设置在所述充电接收端的周围且与所述充电接收端的中心形成同心圆。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，N为大于或等于3的奇数。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，其中，N＝3，且相邻磁感检测单元之间的夹角为120°。
  17. 如权利要求12至16中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述充电接收端和所述充电检测装置分别设置在所述电动车辆的底盘上。
  18. 如权利要求12至17中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，还包括：
    显示装置，用于对所述充电发射端和所述充电接收端的对位状态进行显示。
  19. 如权利要求12至18中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，还包括：
    启动装置，用于在接收到用户的操作指令时，输出所述充电启动信号。
  20. 一种无线充电发射系统，其特征在于，包括：
    充电发射端，所述充电发射端在与充电接收端对位后发射所述无线充电信号；
    充电引导装置，所述充电引导装置产生充电引导信号；
    充电对位装置，所述充电对位装置产生充电对位信号；
    所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和对位装置均设置在无线充电车位内。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的无线充电发射系统，其特征在于，所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和所述充电对位装置设置在所述无线充电车位的地面上。
  22. 如权利要求20或21所述的无线充电发射系统，其特征在于，所述充电引导装置包括引导永磁体，所述引导永磁体具有相对于充电发射端的中心轴对称的两个部，所述两个部不平行。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的无线充电发射系统，其特征在于，所述引导永磁体的形状为人字形、等腰三角形和等腰梯形中的一种。
  24. 如权利要求20至23中任一项所述的无线充电发射系统，其特征在于，所述充电对位装置包括N个对位永磁体，所述N个对位永磁体均匀设置在所述充电发射端的周围且与所述充电发射端的中心形成同心圆。
  25. 如权利要求20至24中任一项所述的无线充电发射系统，其特征在于，所述充电发射端、所述充电引导装置和所述充电对位装置的上面覆盖非磁性材料或非金属材料。
  26. 一种电动车辆的无线充电对位方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    在检测到充电启动信号之后，获取电动车辆的当前运行参数，并获取充电引导信号；
    根据所述当前运行参数和所述充电引导信号控制所述电动车辆的自动对位执行装置运行以引导所述电动车辆至充电预对位位置；
    获取充电对位信号；以及
    根据所述充电对位信号控制所述自动对位执行装置运行以使所述充电接收端和所述充电发射端对位。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的无线充电对位方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    如果检测到刹车信号，则控制所述自动对位执行装置停止运行；
    记录用户的操作指令；以及
    根据所述操作指令的历史数据对所述自动对位执行装置的运行参数进行修正。
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CN107369333B (zh) * 2017-08-09 2023-09-01 赵一阳 一种充电车辆的停车导引装置、系统及方法
CN110001427A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-07-12 北京有感科技有限责任公司 一种汽车无线充电定位系统及其定位方法
CN112566014A (zh) * 2020-11-04 2021-03-26 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 一种车与车位协同的无线充电定位系统及方法
CN112566014B (zh) * 2020-11-04 2023-04-14 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 一种车与车位协同的无线充电定位系统及方法

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