CN105691218B - 确定充电站的充电装置的充电位置 - Google Patents

确定充电站的充电装置的充电位置 Download PDF

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CN105691218B
CN105691218B CN201510931155.1A CN201510931155A CN105691218B CN 105691218 B CN105691218 B CN 105691218B CN 201510931155 A CN201510931155 A CN 201510931155A CN 105691218 B CN105691218 B CN 105691218B
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charging
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relative position
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CN105691218A (zh
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T.阿米内夫
L.容格
S.格里齐克
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Volkswagen AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及确定充电站的充电装置的充电位置。车辆(10)相对于充电站(30)的充电装置(31)的充电位置通过以下步骤来确定:检测充电站(30)的标记;根据标记和说明充电站(30)的充电装置(31)相对于标记的位置的相对位置将车辆(10)行驶到第一位置中,以便将车辆(10)的充电装置(11)布置在充电站(30)的充电装置(31)处;通过优化在车辆(10)的充电装置(11)与充电站(30)的充电装置(31)之间的联结,从第一位置出发确定车辆(10)的第二位置作为充电位置。

Description

确定充电站的充电装置的充电位置
技术领域
本发明涉及对于带有电动机的车辆习得充电站或充电设施(Ladeinfrastruktur)的充电装置(尤其初级线圈)的位置。
背景技术
文件US 2014/0092236 A1公开了一种用于车辆的定位系统,其中,车辆借助于布置在车辆之外的摄像机关于充电站来定位。
文件DE 10 2011 006 504 A1说明了一种用于相对于充电站或电池更换站(Batteriewechselstation)定位机动车的方法。
文件WO 2010/060720 A2公开了一种用于车辆自动充电的方法。在此,车辆自控制地从递交区域(Übergabebereich)被带到选出的充电地点且从那里被带到接收区域(Übernahmebereich)中。
根据现有技术已知电动车关于感应充电板(Induktionsladeplatte)的(自动)定位。在经由充电站对车辆的蓄能器(Energiespeicher)感应充电时的效率在此决定性地取决于充电站的初级线圈相对于车辆的次级线圈的正确取向。
发明内容
因此本发明目的在于相对于现有技术改善通过充电站对车辆的蓄能器的无线(尤其感应)充电。
根据本发明,该目的通过一种根据本发明的用于确定车辆的充电位置的方法和通过一种根据本发明的设备来实现。
在本发明的范围中提供一种用于关于充电站的充电装置确定车辆的充电位置的方法。在此根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
●检测充电站的标记(Markierung)。在此,标记通常被理解成根据其可测定充电站的充电装置的精确位置的标记或记号。标记尤其通过光学检测器件(Erfassungsmittel)来检测。
●根据标记和相对位置(其限定充电站的充电装置相对于标记的位置)将车辆行驶到第一位置中,以便由此将车辆的充电装置尽可能紧密地定位在充电站的充电装置处。该行驶在此可纯手动地、辅助地(也就是说由车辆辅助)或全自动地实现。在该步骤中使车辆相应地从可检测该标记的位置驶到第一位置中。
●从第一位置出发通过优化在车辆的充电装置与充电站的充电装置之间的联结确定车辆的第二位置。第二位置在此相应于待确定的充电位置。在感应的充电过程(Ladevorgang)中尤其这样来确定第二位置和因此充电位置,即在车辆的充电装置与充电站的充电装置之间的感应的联结被优化。
通过优化在车辆的充电装置与充电站的充电装置之间的联结,相对于现有技术改善了感应的充电过程,因为优化的联结使能够在预定的时间间隔中与现有技术(在其中联结未被优化)相比可从充电站充更大的电量到车辆的蓄能器中。
联结的优化有利地根据在充电过程中所获得的效率来执行。在此,充电站在充电过程中借助于充电站的充电装置和车辆的充电装置给车辆的蓄能器充电。在充电过程中所获得的效率越高,感应的联结在此尤其视为越好。
为了根据效率来优化联结,有利地将车辆驶到一定的位置中,其中,以第一位置开始。在一定的位置中在较短的感应充电过程(例如以充电功率的10%)中确定效率。接着将车辆驶到新的确定的位置中,在其中又根据试验测量(也就是说根据较短的感应充电过程)对新的确定的位置测定效率。在该方式中,第二位置或充电位置相应于在所有确定的位置下获得最高效率的确定的位置。在此,该效率尤其说明由充电站在充电过程中发出到车辆处的电量与由车辆在其蓄能器中在充电过程期间所吸收的电量的比。
有利地,然后为了真正的充电将车辆驶到第二位置或充电位置中。
如之前已表明的那样,充电站的充电装置(例如感应充电板)和车辆的充电装置按照优选的根据本发明的实施形式设计用于车辆的蓄能器的感应充电。然而应指出的是,本发明可被普遍地应用于无线的或无接触的能量传输,例如电容的充电过程或电磁的充电过程(在此能量传输经由天线实现)。
根据本发明,相对位置(其限定充电站的充电装置相对于标记的位置)可根据之前确定的第二位置或充电位置来校正。由此在下次在同一充电站处的充电过程中可根据标记和校正的相对位置将车辆立刻带到第一位置(其在该情况中相应于充电位置)中,而不事先将车辆驶到根据标记和未校正的相对位置所确定的位置中。
换言之,在确定第二位置或充电位置之后检查第二位置是否不同于第一位置。如果是该情况,将相对位置校正成使得校正的相对位置相应于第二位置或充电位置限定充电站的充电装置相对于标记的位置。
充电站的相对位置一方面可根据相应的充电站存储在车辆中。另一方面,可借助于在充电站与车辆之间或者在车辆与具有关于相对位置的信息的任意来源(例如在因特网中)之间的无线通讯连接来检测相应的充电站的相对位置。
经由无线通讯连接检测相对位置在此具有该优点,即还可测定新设立的或对于车辆迄今未知的充电站的相对位置。反之,在车辆内存储相应的充电站的相对位置具有该优点,即所存储的相对位置可由车辆本身来校正。当然,通过经由无线通讯连接来检测对于车辆未知的充电站的相对位置而将对于车辆已知的充电站的相对位置存储在车辆中,还可将两个变体结合。
按照优选的根据本发明的实施形式,车辆借助于无线通讯连接将校正的相对位置报告到充电站处。如果由充电站充电的车辆的足够大的百分比报告相对位置的相似校正,充电站以相应的方式改变其相对位置。
该根据本发明的实施形式提供校正相应的充电站的相对位置(其经由无线通讯连接被传输到车辆处)的可能性。如果由不同的车辆向充电系统或充电站通知相同的校正必要性,这表明有系统误差,其通过该实施形式可有利地被校正。
倘若相对位置的所检测的有误差的偏差过大,可在充电站中设置相应的误差且将该充电站作为未准备好使用例如报告给充电站的设施管理者(Infrastrukturbetreiber)的系统操作员。在该情况下应召来技术员来消除误差。
车辆行驶到第一位置中的步骤通常不仅取决于标记和相对位置,而且取决于另外的相对位置,其限定车辆的充电装置关于车辆(或者更精确地关于车辆的标志点、例如车辆纵向中轴线的中心)的位置。如果对于同一车辆在不同的充电站中以相同的方式来校正相对位置,这指示有误差的另外的相对位置,从而相应地改变该另外的相对位置。
换言之如果在不同的充电站中第二位置或充电位置以相同的方式相对第一位置移动,这指示偏离于另外的相对位置的车辆的充电装置(例如次级线圈)的安装位置。因此相应地改变该另外的相对位置,从而在下次驶入这些充电站中的一个时第一位置相应于第二位置,充电位置或最佳位置即已相应于第一位置。
在本发明的范围中还提供一种车辆的设备,其设计用于确定充电站的充电装置的充电位置。根据本发明的设备包括用于检测充电站的标记的检测器件(例如摄像机)和控制器件。该设备设计用于辅助车辆根据标记和相对位置(其说明充电站的充电装置相对于标记的位置)驶到第一位置中,在该位置中车辆的充电装置尽可能紧密地布置在充电站的充电装置处。通过优化在车辆的充电装置与充电站的充电装置之间的联结,借助于控制器件然后从第一位置出发确定车辆的第二位置作为充电位置。
根据本发明的装置的优点大致相应于根据本发明的方法的优点,其之前已详细地来实施,从而在此不再重复。
最后,在本发明的范围中还提供一种车辆,其包括根据本发明的设备。
通过本发明来改善通过外部的充电站对车辆的蓄能器无接触的充电。通过应用本发明,可成本有利地固定地(而不可移动地)来装设充电站的初级线圈。利用本发明,通过使用出于其它原因已存在的车辆传感器(例如摄像机)可进行充电系统的校准,而无须使用附加的测量装置。
本发明尤其适合于机动车。当然本发明不限于该优选的应用领域,因为本发明也可应用于船舶、飞机以及轨道行驶的或轨迹引导的车辆。
附图说明
接下来参考唯一的附图按照根据本发明的实施形式来详细阐述本发明。其中:
唯一的附图示意性地示出带有根据本发明的设备的根据本发明的车辆。
附图标记清单
1 控制器件
2 摄像机
3 通讯装置
4 存储器
10 车辆
11 次级线圈
20 设备
30 充电站
31 初级线圈
32 通讯装置
33 存储器。
具体实施方式
唯一的附图示意性地显示了带有根据本发明的设备20的根据本发明的车辆10和充电站30。除了根据本发明的设备20之外,车辆10包括作为充电装置的次级线圈11。示意性示出的充电站30除了初级线圈31之外包括用于与车辆10无线通讯的通讯装置32和存储器33。根据本发明的设备20包括控制器件1、摄像机2、用于与充电站30的通讯装置32无线通讯的通讯装置3和存储器4。
接下来应根据示例性的充电过程来说明本发明。
根据本发明的车辆10接近感应式充电站30,以便感应地给车辆10的未示出的蓄能器充电。借助于摄像机2来检测充电站30的可见的标记,其理想地位于充电站处摄像机2的可见的附近。根据该标记且根据相对位置可来测定充电站30的初级线圈31的位置。如果车辆10第一次来到充电站30,相对位置还未知。在该情况中,车辆10的设备20经由通讯装置3与充电站30的通讯装置32进行接触,以便检测存储在充电站30的存储器33中的相对位置且储存在设备20的存储器4中。接着,车辆10行驶到第一位置中,在该位置中车辆10的次级线圈11位于充电站30的初级线圈31附近。
通过感应式试验-充电(例如利用充电功率的例如10%的较短的充电脉冲)来确定对于第一位置的效率。接着,例如通过合适的方向盘运动使车辆在横向方向上移动,其中,在不同的位置处执行另外的感应式试验-充电以测定对于相应的位置的效率。最佳的位置或充电位置在此是获得最高效率的位置。倘若充电位置不相应于第一位置,相对位置相应地被校正且以校正的形式储存在设备20的存储器4中。根据本发明的车辆10现在对于相应的充电站30有初级线圈31的精确的相对位置且可在该充电站30处的下一充电过程中根据标记立即被驶到最佳的位置中。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于确定车辆(10)相对于充电站(30)的充电装置(31)的充电位置的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
检测所述充电站(30)的标记;
根据所述标记和说明所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)相对于所述标记的位置的相对位置将所述车辆(10)行驶到第一位置中,以便将所述车辆(10)的充电装置(11)布置在所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)处;以及
通过优化在所述车辆(10)的充电装置(11)与所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)之间的联结,从所述第一位置出发确定所述车辆(10)的第二位置作为所述充电位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
该优化根据在充电过程中所获得的效率来执行,在所述充电过程中所述充电站(30)借助于所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)和所述车辆(10)的充电装置(11)给所述车辆(10)充电。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述方法包括将所述车辆(10)行驶至所述第二位置。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)和所述车辆(10)的充电装置(11)设计用于所述车辆(10)的蓄能器的感应充电。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述方法包括基于所述第二位置校正所存储的相对位置,从而在下一充电过程中所述车辆(10)根据所述标记和校正的相对位置的行驶将所述车辆(10)带到相应于充电位置的位置中,而所述车辆(10)不事先行驶到与所述标记和未校正的相对位置相关的位置中。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述方法包括借助于无线通讯连接检测相对位置。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述方法包括借助于无线通讯连接检测相对位置,相对位置的校正由所述车辆(10)借助于所述无线通讯连接被报告到所述充电站(30)处;并且
如果由不同的车辆向所述充电站(30)报告以相同的方式来校正相对位置,改变所述相对位置。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述车辆(10)根据所述标记和所述相对位置的行驶附加地根据说明所述车辆(10)的充电装置(11)关于所述车辆(10)的位置的另外的相对位置实现;并且
如果对于同一车辆(10)在不同的充电站中以相同的方式来校正所述相对位置,改变所述另外的相对位置。
9.一种车辆(10)的设备,其设计用于确定充电站(30)的充电装置(31)的充电位置,
其中,所述设备(20)包括用于检测所述充电站(30)的标记的检测器件(2)和控制器件(1);
其中,所述设备(20)设计用于:根据所述标记和说明所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)相对所述标记的位置的相对位置辅助所述车辆(10)行驶到第一位置中,在所述第一位置中所述车辆的充电装置(11)布置在所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)处;并且借助于所述控制器件(1)从所述第一位置出发通过优化在所述车辆的充电装置(11)与所述充电站(30)的充电装置(31)之间的联结来确定所述车辆(10)的第二位置作为所述充电位置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于,
所述设备(20)设计用于执行根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
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