WO2017101472A1 - 入口整流结构和板式换热器 - Google Patents

入口整流结构和板式换热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017101472A1
WO2017101472A1 PCT/CN2016/095280 CN2016095280W WO2017101472A1 WO 2017101472 A1 WO2017101472 A1 WO 2017101472A1 CN 2016095280 W CN2016095280 W CN 2016095280W WO 2017101472 A1 WO2017101472 A1 WO 2017101472A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inlet
rectifying
heat exchange
plate
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/095280
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李华
奥利弗·佩尔蒂埃·彼埃尔
Original Assignee
丹佛斯微通道换热器（嘉兴）有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 丹佛斯微通道换热器（嘉兴）有限公司 filed Critical 丹佛斯微通道换热器（嘉兴）有限公司
Priority to EP16874532.1A priority Critical patent/EP3392592A4/en
Priority to US16/062,214 priority patent/US20190310033A1/en
Publication of WO2017101472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101472A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
    • F25B2339/024—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger
    • F25B2339/0241—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger having plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/022—Evaporators with plate-like or laminated elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the fields of HVAC, automobile, refrigeration and transportation, in particular to a plate heat exchanger and an inlet rectifying structure for a plate heat exchanger.
  • a distributor is provided at the inlet position of each refrigerant passage in the evaporator.
  • the main design idea is to control the mass flow of the gas-liquid two-phase flow entering each refrigerant channel with a small channel inlet cross-sectional area and a certain inlet and outlet pressure difference, and finally obtain better distribution and heat transfer effects. .
  • the design reference point of the evaporator has gradually evolved from the initial single application condition to the multi-point application requirement.
  • the design of the dispenser requires consideration of both full load operation and partial load operation.
  • the flow pattern and flow state of the two-phase flow are very different.
  • the design difficulty is significantly improved.
  • products such as plate heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, etc., which are evaporators, and products of different capacity requirements or capabilities, usually adopt the same distributor structure.
  • the distribution technology especially the flow and flow characteristics of the evaporator inlet, there is a certain optimal working range. When the range is exceeded, the distribution effect is affected.
  • the evaporator inlet state is an important content. Different load capacities and refrigerant types have important implications in this regard.
  • the design idea of the present invention is to provide a rectifying structure in the inlet region of the evaporator, and to re-energize the gas-liquid two-phase flow to convert the uncontrolled fluid inlet state into a stable homogenous state. Thereby providing stable inlet flow conditions for the subsequent distribution process, obtaining a stable distribution effect, and ultimately improving the heat transfer performance of the evaporator and the energy efficiency of the unit.
  • an inlet rectifying structure for a plate heat exchanger comprising a refrigerant inlet connection and a side plate assembled with the refrigerant inlet connection,
  • At least one of the inlet rectifying structures is disposed on a path from the refrigerant inlet nozzle to a body of the plate heat exchanger, and at least one rectifying element is disposed on each of the inlet rectifying structures, the rectifying element Corresponding to the refrigerant inlet passage of the plate heat exchanger.
  • each of the inlet rectifying structures includes one layer or at least two layers spaced apart from each other, wherein the rectifying elements are disposed on each of the layers.
  • At least two of the inlet rectifying structures are spaced apart and arranged side by side in the direction of the refrigerant inlet nozzle to the dispensing chamber of the plate heat exchanger.
  • the rectifying elements are rectifying holes, rectifying bars, or any combination thereof.
  • the inlet rectifying structure is in the form of an arc, a flat plate or a rectifying shim.
  • the inlet rectifying structure is provided with a plurality of rings on the layer, and each of the rings is arranged with a plurality of rectifying holes at intervals;
  • a plurality of endless belts are disposed on the layer of the inlet rectifying structure, and each of the endless belts is provided with a plurality of straight or obliquely extending rectifying slits spaced apart.
  • the fairing strip is sewn into a rectangular or sickle shape.
  • a rectifying aperture is provided at the center of the layer of the inlet rectifying structure.
  • the inlet rectifying structure is provided with a flared chamber.
  • the side panel or refrigerant inlet nozzle has a flared chamber that at least partially houses the flared chamber of the inlet rectifying structure.
  • the top surface of the flare chamber of the inlet rectifying structure is at least partially in contact with the top surface of the diffuser chamber of the side panel or refrigerant inlet nozzle and is generally at the same level of height.
  • the flared chamber bottom dimension matches the size of the distributor chamber of the plate heat exchanger such that the two-phase refrigerant flowing in from the refrigerant inlet flows through the flare chamber and smoothly enters the distribution chamber
  • the chamber is assigned to the corresponding refrigerant passage.
  • the inlet rectifying structure is disposed at any location along the central axis of the distributor chamber from the refrigerant inlet nozzle to the distributor chamber.
  • the inlet rectifying structure is disposed between the side plates and the jet orifices of the first distributor.
  • the inlet rectifying structure is disposed or integrated on a first first heat exchange sheet from the refrigerant inlet, a first second heat exchange sheet or a first second heat exchange sheet and Between the first dispensers.
  • the first second The heat exchange plate is sealed between the first heat exchange plate and the second heat exchange plate, and the inlet rectification structure is disposed or integrated in the first first heat exchange piece, the first second heat exchange piece, and the second heat exchange plate On or off the second heat exchange plate;
  • the distribution in the second circuit In the chamber the first second heat exchange plate is sealed with the first third heat exchange plate, and the inlet rectifying structure is disposed or integrated in the first first heat exchange piece and the first second heat exchange piece. , on the first third heat exchange plate, or on the first fourth heat exchange plate.
  • a plate heat exchanger wherein the plate heat exchanger has the inlet rectifying structure described above.
  • Figure 1a is an overall view of a plate heat exchanger of the prior art
  • Figure 1b is a schematic view showing the structure of the inlet and the distribution chamber of the plate heat exchanger shown in Figure 1a;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an inlet of a plate heat exchanger and a distribution chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS 3a-3d are top views, respectively, of different variants of the rectifying element according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4a-4e are schematic structural views of different arrangement positions of an inlet rectifying structure disposed in a plate heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an inlet and a distribution chamber of a plate heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the inlet rectification structure is in the form of a planar unit;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an inlet and a distribution chamber of a plate heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the inlet rectification structure takes the form of a simple rectifying unit;
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view showing another modification of the inlet rectifying structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1a shows an overall view of a prior art plate heat exchanger and a schematic view of the inlet of the plate heat exchanger and the dispensing chamber.
  • Figure 1a shows a plate heat exchanger that can be used to flow two different fluids, for example the two different fluids can be water and a refrigerant.
  • this type of plate heat exchanger is well known in the prior art, it will not be described in detail herein.
  • Only one of the inlet nozzles 4 for the refrigerant inflow is shown.
  • the position of the inlet nozzle 4 can be specifically selected as needed, and is not limited to the illustrated case.
  • FIG 1b the specific structure of the inlet and distribution chambers of the plate heat exchanger is shown in detail.
  • the side plates 1, the first heat exchange plates 2 and the second heat exchange plates 3 which are alternately arranged are arranged in order from left to right.
  • the adjacent first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 have mutually matching structures, so that the water passage 10 and the refrigerant passage 9 having the heat exchange space and the support strength can be formed.
  • the water passage 10 and the refrigerant passage 9 are alternately arranged.
  • the inlet port 4 of the refrigerant side (evaporator) is used to connect to the line of the unit system and the expansion valve at the front end.
  • Figures 1a and 1b show the structure of the plate heat exchanger as the inlet and distribution chamber of the evaporator.
  • the sealing ring 5 is usually made of metal and is assembled between the side panel 1 and the first heat exchange sheet 2 by a brazing process.
  • the distributor 6 of the refrigerant passage 9 is usually disposed at the inlet position of each refrigerant passage 9, usually in the form of one or more small holes, and the refrigerant is uniform by limiting the flow cross-sectional area and increasing the pressure drop. distribution.
  • the dispenser of the present invention may be disposed on or integral with the heat exchange sheet.
  • the first heat exchange sheet 2 and the second heat exchange sheet 3 are provided with plate holes 8 at positions corresponding to the inlet joint 4.
  • a plurality of distributor chambers 7 are formed by the plate holes 8 on the first and second heat exchange plates 2, 3 and the distributor 6. At the position where the plate hole 8 is located, sealing is performed in the refrigerant distribution chamber 7 through the sealing surface around the plate hole 8 Used, usually by brazing process.
  • the distributor 6 will be affected by the inlet nozzle 4 shown therein as well as its upstream piping, flow, flow pattern variations and the like, such that The refrigerant is not evenly distributed.
  • the refrigerant distribution effect in the evaporator is further improved, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger and the overall performance and efficiency of the unit, and the present invention provides An inlet rectifying structure for a plate heat exchanger and a plate heat exchanger using the inlet rectifying structure.
  • the main inventive concept of the present invention provides an inlet rectifying structure for a plate heat exchanger, the plate heat exchanger including a refrigerant inlet nozzle and a side plate assembled with the refrigerant inlet nozzle, wherein at least one An inlet rectifying structure is disposed between the side plate and the body of the plate heat exchanger, and at least one rectifying element is disposed on each of the inlet rectifying structures, and the rectifying element and the plate heat exchanger are cooled
  • the agent inlet channel is correspondingly set.
  • the plate heat exchanger of the present invention includes a refrigerant inlet connection 4 and a side plate 1 assembled with the refrigerant inlet connection 4.
  • An inlet rectifying structure 11 is shown in Fig. 2 between the side panel 1 and the body of the plate heat exchanger.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 is provided with at least one rectifying element 12, 13, 14 and 15 (described later in detail).
  • the rectifying elements 12, 13, 14 and 15 are arranged corresponding to the refrigerant inlet passage 21 of the plate heat exchanger. Since the main improvement of the present invention lies in the refrigerant inlet region of the plate heat exchanger, the same components as those in Figs. 1a and 1b are given the same reference numerals and will not be described again.
  • the refrigerant inlet passage 21 is a passage in the inlet nozzle 4.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 may comprise one layer or at least two layers spaced apart from each other, wherein each layer is provided with a rectifying element.
  • the at least two inlet rectifying structures 11 may be disposed at intervals and side by side in the direction of the refrigerant inlet nozzle 4 to the distribution chamber of the plate heat exchanger.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an inlet rectifying structure 11 having a flared chamber 23 between the sealing ring 5 and the first first heat exchange sheet 2.
  • the side panel 1 is also provided with a flared chamber 22 having a mating effect.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 is arranged in an arc shape in this example.
  • the expansion chamber 22 of the side panel 1 completely accommodates the flare chamber 23 of the inlet rectifying structure 11. It will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that the expansion chamber 22 can only be partially accommodated.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 and the flare chamber 22 may also be disposed in or within the refrigerant inlet nozzle 4.
  • the pin of the refrigerant inlet nozzle 4 is assembled with the side plate 1.
  • the side plate 1 may not be provided with the expansion chamber 22.
  • the purpose of setting the expansion chamber is to rectify the structure with the inlet.
  • the expanded chamber 23 of 11 is matched and provides the necessary strength support.
  • the edge of the inlet rectifying structure of the present invention is fixed on the heat exchange plate or the side plate, and the inlet rectifying structure is provided with an expansion chamber, and correspondingly, the refrigerant inlet connection tube can be arranged to accommodate the inlet rectification structure.
  • the expansion of the oral cavity of the expansion chamber is fixed on the heat exchange plate or the side plate, and the inlet rectifying structure is provided with an expansion chamber, and correspondingly, the refrigerant inlet connection tube can be arranged to accommodate the inlet rectification structure.
  • the top surface of the flare chamber 23 of the inlet rectifying structure 11 is in contact with the top surface of the flare chamber 22 of the side panel 1 at the periphery, and is substantially at the same level.
  • rectifying elements 12, 13, 14, 15 are shown in Figures 3a-3d, respectively. It will be appreciated that the rectifying elements may be rectifying holes, rectifying bars or any combination thereof, and are not limited to the illustrated case.
  • FIG. 3a a plurality of circular rings are arranged on the layer of the inlet rectifying structure 11, and a plurality of rectifying holes 12 are arranged at intervals on each of the circular rings.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 is provided with a plurality of endless belts, each of which is provided with a plurality of vertically extending rectifying slits 13 arranged at intervals.
  • the rectifying slit 13 is formed in a rectangular shape or a strip shape.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 is provided with a plurality of annular strips on the layer, each annular strip being provided with a plurality of obliquely extending rectifying slits 14 arranged at intervals.
  • the rectifying slits 14 are formed in a rectangular shape or a strip shape.
  • a plurality of endless belts are provided on the layer of the inlet rectifying structure 11, each of which is provided with a plurality of obliquely extending rectifying slits 15 arranged at intervals.
  • the rectifying slit 15 has a sickle shape.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 can be made of metal, ceramics or the like, and can of course be replaced by a similar mesh or porous medium to achieve an equal rectifying effect.
  • the specific working mode is that the refrigerant of the two-phase state enters the refrigerant inlet nozzle 4 of the heat exchanger along the connecting pipeline after being throttled by the expansion valve.
  • the flow state is not certain, and for partial load conditions, it may exist as a laminar flow. For full load conditions, it may be present as a ring flow.
  • the two-phase refrigerant is adjusted to a flow state of the homogeneous flow.
  • the stability of the flow pattern and the degree of turbulence are further enhanced by the interaction of the arcuate surface of the inlet rectifying structure 11 and the expansion chamber 23, and finally enter the distributor chamber 7 in a flow state conducive to dispensing.
  • the present invention further provides the technical solution shown in Figure 4a.
  • the flare chamber 23 of the inlet rectifying structure 11 is dimensioned in Figure 4a such that the inner diameter of the dispensing chamber 7 is similar or identical (i.e., matched) to achieve two-phase flow refrigeration.
  • the agent After passing through the "bell" chamber, the agent smoothly enters the distributor chamber 7 and is distributed into the corresponding refrigerant passage 9.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 of Fig. 4a can be placed at any suitable location between the side panel 1 and the first distributor 6 in accordance with the manner in which the refrigerant flow pattern and flow regime are proposed in accordance with the present invention. Specifically, in FIG. 4a, the inlet rectifying structure 11 is disposed between the seal ring 5 and the first first heat exchange sheet 2.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 is formed to be formed on the first first heat exchange sheet 2 and the first second heat exchange sheet 3, respectively, is shown.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 may be integrally formed on the first first heat exchange sheet 2 or the first second heat exchange sheet 3; of course, it may be formed on the first first heat exchange plate by welding or the like. Sheet 2 or the first sheet of second heat exchange sheet 3.
  • FIG. 4d the case where the inlet rectifying structure 11 is disposed between the first second heat exchange sheet 3 and the first distributor 6 is shown. It will be appreciated that the inlet rectifying structure 11 can be disposed between the first second heat exchanger sheet 3 and the first distributor 6 by means known in the art.
  • At least one of the inlet rectifying structures 11 can be disposed at any height position from the side panel 1 to the respective distributors 6 of the plate heat exchanger, The present invention is not specifically limited thereto.
  • reference numeral 15 is a first refrigerant circuit seal ring
  • reference numeral 16 is a second refrigerant circuit distributor
  • reference numeral 17 is a second refrigerant circuit.
  • the passage, reference numeral 18 is a water passage
  • reference numeral 19 is a first refrigerant circuit passage
  • 20 is an adjacent water passage.
  • a first refrigerant circuit seal ring or ring 15 is disposed between the first second heat exchange plate 3 and the second heat exchange plate 2 for The corresponding position of the first refrigerant circuit is closed.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 is integrated on the secondary first heat exchange sheet 2 for mating with the subsequent dispensing chamber 26. It should be noted that, in such a dual-circuit plate heat exchanger, the rectifying elements on the inlet rectifying structure 11 can also adopt any of the specific forms shown in the above-mentioned FIGS. 3a-3d, using separate rectifying elements or integrated into the sub-ratio.
  • the second heat exchange plate is on the sheet. It will be appreciated that the inlet rectifying structure 11 may use a separate rectifying element or a rectifying element. Alternatively, in addition to being integrated on the secondary heat exchange sheet 2, it may be integrated on the second heat exchange sheet 3.
  • the first second heat exchange in the distributor chamber of the second circuit is sealed with the second heat exchange plate, and the inlet rectifying structure is disposed on or integrated on the second heat exchange plate or the second heat exchange plate.
  • the distribution in the second circuit In the chamber the first second heat exchange plate is sealed with the first third heat exchange plate, and the inlet rectification structure is disposed on or integrated on the first third heat exchange plate, or the first fourth exchange Hot plate on the piece.
  • the present invention can also adopt the single circuit implementation shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4a-d, that is, the inlet rectification structure 11 is disposed near the side plate 1 and the first first heat exchange plate 2 Without crossing the space of the first circuit seal ring 15 in Figure 4e.
  • This practice is particularly applicable to the case where the inner diameter of the seal ring 15 in Fig. 4e is the same or similar to the inner diameter of the distributor 6.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11 is disposed at any position from the refrigerant inlet nozzle 4 to the distributor chamber 7 along the central axis of the distributor chamber 7.
  • the arcuate structure of the inlet rectifying structure 11 described above may be arranged in a planar form, or replaced by a planar unit; however, the design of the flared body is retained. As shown, the top surface of the inlet rectifying structure 11' is substantially flat.
  • the above-mentioned curved surface structure and the design of the flared body are eliminated, and the conventional heat exchanger side plate 1 and the simple inlet rectifying structure 11" are used.
  • the inlet rectifying structure 11" is a sheet metal stamping part. .
  • the sealing step 51 and the porous rectifying region 12 are shown.
  • a uniform thickness of the rectifying pad 21 may also be employed.
  • the rectifying shim 21 is used in place of the above-described inlet rectifying structure, and is disposed at the same position as the above-described inlet rectifying structure, and is sealed by the periphery thereof with the side plates and the heat exchange sheets adjacent thereto.
  • the rectifying pad 21 is provided with a plurality of rectifying elements such as rectifying holes.
  • the rectifying pad 21 can also adopt the above-described rectifying strip slit as a rectifying element as needed.
  • each inlet rectifying structure includes a plurality of layers stacked or stacked together, each layer being provided with a rectifying element such as a rectifying hole or a rectifying strip slit or any combination thereof, and between adjacent layers The rectifying elements overlap or are identical to each other.
  • two or more inlet rectification structures connected in series may be disposed between the side plate and the first distributor, and a certain gap is disposed between the adjacent two inlet rectification structures to realize the two-phase flow. Two or more rectifications to obtain a homogeneous flow pattern to improve the final distribution.
  • another embodiment of the present invention provides a plate heat exchanger using the above-described inlet rectifying structure. Since the inlet rectifying structure has been described in detail in the above, and the plate heat exchanger using the inlet rectifying structure has not been changed in other respects, it will not be described here.
  • the rectification hole slit, the arc surface jet end face and the divergent jet development cavity will effectively strengthen the evaporator
  • the refrigerant flow and flow pattern in the inlet area provide stable and reliable inlet conditions for the subsequent distribution process.
  • the problem of the refrigerant distribution of the evaporator is solved due to problems such as the physical properties of the refrigerant, the operation of the unit under multiple operating conditions, and the difference in product capabilities.
  • the proposed rectifying unit or inlet rectifying structure is mainly formed by a sheet metal part or a low-cost rectifying pad, which has a large cost advantage, and has little additional cost for the evaporator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于具有入口整流结构（11）的板式换热器，包括制冷剂进口接管（4）、与制冷剂进口接管（4）装配在一起的边板（1）、至少一个入口整流结构（11）。入口整流结构（11）设置在从制冷剂进口接管（4）至板式换热器的主体的路径上，并且设置有至少一个整流元件（12、13、14、15），整流元件（12、13、14、15）与板式换热器的制冷剂入口通道相对应设置。

Description

入口整流结构和板式换热器
本申请要求于2015年12月15日递交的、申请号为201510933718.0、发明名称为“入口整流结构和板式换热器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及暖通空调、汽车、制冷以及运输领域，尤其涉及一种板式换热器和用于板式换热器的入口整流结构。
背景技术
对于平行通道的换热器(蒸发器)而言，尤其是板式换热器和微通道换热器，制冷剂的分液不均(mal-distribution)是世界性的技术难题。通常进入换热器的制冷剂是以两相的形式存在的，由于应用条件和两相流动的复杂性，很难实现制冷剂的均匀分配。很多情况下，一些通道中会流入过量的液态制冷剂，而另一些通道中会流入过多的气态制冷剂，这样就大大的影响了蒸发器的整体性能。
现有的解决方案中，会在蒸发器内各个制冷剂通道的进口位置，设置分配器。其主要的设计思想是，以较小的通道入口截面积和一定的进出口压差，来控制进入各个制冷剂通道的气液两相流的质量流量，最终获得较好的分配和换热效果。
但随着机组能效需求的逐步提升和制冷剂环境友好性的日趋严格，蒸发器的设计面临着更高的挑战。
一方面，随着压缩机变频技术的发展，蒸发器的设计参考点从最初的单一应用工况，逐渐发展到多点的应用需求。分配器的设计，需要同时对满负荷(full load)运行和部分负荷(part load)运行进行考虑。而对于固定的蒸发器进口结构及分配器而言，其两相流的流型与流动状态差别是很大的。设计难度显著提升。不仅如此，以板式换热器、微通道换热器等为蒸发器的产品，不同能力需求或能力范围的产品，通常采用相同的分配器结构。而对于分配技术而言，特别是蒸发器进口流动与流型特征，存在一定的最优工作范围，当超出该范围后，分配效果受到影响。
另一方面，新型的制冷剂逐渐被开发并应用，这对蒸发器的设计同样提出了挑战。由于工质物理性质上的差异，相同的蒸发器内，制冷剂的流动与换热特点存在着较大的差别。很多的蒸发器设计，只能针对性的面向一种或者一类制冷剂，这使得相 关的产品家族较为庞大，管理与维护的成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在解决现有技术中存在的上述问题和缺陷的至少一个方面。
在制冷剂分配技术的相关影响因素中，蒸发器进口状态是重要的内容。不同负荷能力和制冷剂种类在这方面的影响上有重要体现。
本发明的设计思想是，在蒸发器进口区域设置一种整流结构，通过对气液两相流的再激励，使不受控的流体进口状态转换为稳定的均相均流(homogenous)状态，从而为后续分配过程提供稳定的入口流动条件，获得稳定的分配效果，最终提升蒸发器换热性能和机组能效。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于板式换热器的入口整流结构，所述板式换热器包括制冷剂进口接管和与制冷剂进口接管装配在一起的边板，
至少一个所述入口整流结构设置在从所述制冷剂进口接管至所述板式换热器的主体的路径上，并且在每一所述入口整流结构上设置有至少一个整流元件，所述整流元件与板式换热器的制冷剂入口通道相对应设置。
在一个示例中，每个所述入口整流结构包括一个层或彼此间隔开的至少两个层，其中每个层上设置有所述整流元件。
在一个示例中，至少两个所述入口整流结构在制冷剂进口接管至板式换热器的分配腔室的方向上间隔开且并排设置。
在一个示例中，所述整流元件是整流孔、整流条缝或它们的任意组合。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构呈弧形、平板形或整流垫片的形式。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构的层上设置有多个圆环，每个所述圆环上间隔布置有多个整流孔；或
所述入口整流结构的层上设置有多个环形带，每个环形带上设置有间隔布置的多个平直或倾斜地延伸的整流条缝。
在一个示例中，所述整流条缝成长方形或镰刀形。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构的层的中心处设置有一个整流孔。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构设置有扩口腔室。
在一个示例中，所述边板或制冷剂进口接管具有至少部分容纳所述入口整流结构的扩口腔室的扩口腔室。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构的扩口腔室的顶表面与所述边板或制冷剂进口接管的扩口腔室的顶表面至少部分接触并且大体位于同一高度水平。
在一个示例中，所述扩口腔室底部尺寸与板式换热器的分配器腔室的尺寸相匹配，使得从制冷剂入口流入的两相制冷剂流经扩口腔室后，平滑地进入分配腔室，并被分配到对应的制冷剂通道中。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构设置在沿分配器腔室的中心轴线从制冷剂进口接管至所述分配器腔室的任意位置上。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构设置在边板和首个分配器的射流孔之间。
在一个示例中，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在从所述制冷剂入口起的首张第一换热板片上、首张第二换热板片上或首张第二张换热片和首个分配器之间。
在一个示例中，对于由第一换热板片和第二换热板片两种换热板片构成的双回路的板式换热器，在第二回路的分配器腔室内，首张第二换热板片与次张第一换热板片之间密封，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在首张第一换热片、首张第二换热片、次张第一换热板片上或次张第二换热板片上；或
对于由第一换热板片、第二换热板片、第三换热板片和第四换热板片四种换热板片构成双回路的板式换热器，在第二回路的分配器腔室内，首张第二换热板片与首张第三换热板片之间密封，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在首张第一换热片、首张第二换热片、首张第三换热板片上、或首张第四换热板片上。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种板式换热器，其中所述板式换热器具有上述的入口整流结构。
附图说明
本发明的这些和/或其他方面和优点从下面结合附图对优选实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1a是现有技术中的一种板式换热器的整体视图；
图1b是图1a所示的板式换热器的进口以及分配腔室的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明一个实施例板式换热器的进口以及分配腔室的结构示意图；
图3a-3d分别是根据本发明的整流元件的不同变形例的俯视图；
图4a-4e分别是根据本发明另一实施例的入口整流结构设置在板式换热器中的不同设置位置的结构示意图；
图5是根据本发明另一实施例的板式换热器的进口和分配腔室的结构示意图，其中入口整流结构采用平面单元的形式；
图6是根据本发明另一实施例的板式换热器的进口和分配腔室的结构示意图，其中入口整流结构采用简易整流单元的形式；
图7是本发明的入口整流结构的另一变形例的俯视图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。在说明书中，相同或相似的附图标号指示相同或相似的部件。下述参照附图对本发明实施方式的说明旨在对本发明的总体发明构思进行解释，而不应当理解为对本发明的一种限制。
参见图1a和1b，分别示出了现有技术中的一种板式换热器的整体视图和该板式换热器的进口以及分配腔室的结构示意图。图1a示出了可以供两种不同流体流过的板式换热器，例如该两种不同的流体可以是水和制冷剂。鉴于这种形式的板式换热器在现有技术中是公知的，故在此不再详述。仅示出其中的一个用于制冷剂流入的进口接管4。当然，可以根据需要具体选择进口接管4的位置，而不限于图示的情形。
在图1b中，详细示出了该板式换热器的进口和分配腔室的具体结构。从左至右依次布置边板1、交替设置的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3。相邻的第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3具有相互匹配的结构，使得能够形成具有换热空间和支撑强度的水通道10和制冷剂通道9。为了实现冷热流体之间的热量交换，如图所示，水通道10和制冷剂通道9交替布置。制冷剂侧(蒸发器)的进口接管4用于与机组系统的管路和前端的膨胀阀连接。在此需要说明的是，图1a和1b显示板式换热器作为蒸发器的进口和分配腔室的结构。
另外，在边板1和首张换热板片(在本示例中是第一换热板片2)之间设置有密封结构5，例如密封圈。该密封圈5通常由金属制成，并且通过钎焊工艺装配在边板1和首张换热板片2之间。通常将制冷剂通道9的分配器6设置在每个制冷剂通道9的进口位置处，通常设计成一个或多个小孔的形式，通过限制流动截面积、增加压降的方式实现制冷剂均匀分配。本发明的分配器可以设置在换热板片上或者与换热板片一体。第一换热板片2和第二换热板片3在与进口接管4相对应的位置处设置有板孔8。多个分配器腔室7由第一和第二换热板片2、3上的板孔8和分配器6共同形成。在板孔8所在的位置处，在制冷剂分配腔室7内通过板孔8周围的密封面实现密封作 用，通常通过钎焊工艺进行装配。如前文所述，在图1a和1b所示的现有技术的方案中，分配器6将受到其中所示的进口接管4以及其上游管路、流量、流型变化等因素的影响，使得其中的制冷剂的分液不均。
为了改善蒸发器入口区域的两相流的流动状态和流型，进一步提高蒸发器内的制冷剂分配效果，从而提升换热器的换热效率和机组总体性能与效率，在本发明中提供了一种用于板式换热器的入口整流结构以及使用该入口整流结构的板式换热器。
本发明的主要发明构思提供了一种用于板式换热器的入口整流结构，所述板式换热器包括制冷剂进口接管和与制冷剂进口接管装配在一起的边板，其中，至少一个所述入口整流结构设置在所述边板和所述板式换热器的主体之间，并且在每一所述入口整流结构上设置有至少一个整流元件，所述整流元件与板式换热器的制冷剂入口通道相对应设置。
具体地，本发明的板式换热器包括制冷剂进口接管4和与制冷剂进口接管4装配在一起的边板1。在图2中示出了一个入口整流结构11设置在边板1和板式换热器的主体之间。该入口整流结构11上设置有至少一个整流元件12、13、14和15(之后详细说明)。该整流元件12、13、14和15与板式换热器的制冷剂入口通道21相对应设置。鉴于本发明的主要改进之处在于板式换热器的制冷剂入口区域，故与图1a和1b中相同的部件采用了相同的附图标记，并不再累述。
在此，制冷剂入口通道21为进口接管4内的通道。
可以理解，入口整流结构11可以包括一个层或彼此间隔开的至少两个层，其中每个层上设置有整流元件。在设置至少两个上述的入口整流结构11的情况下，可以在制冷剂进口接管4至板式换热器的分配腔室的方向上间隔地且并排地设置所述至少两个入口整流结构11。
如图2所示，相比于图1b，本发明的一个实施例在密封圈5和首张第一换热板片2之间设置了具有扩口腔室23的入口整流结构11。与之匹配，边板1也设置了具有配合效果的扩口腔室22。在图2所示的剖面视图中，入口整流结构11在本示例中设置成呈弧形。如图所见，该边板1的扩口腔室22完全容纳所述入口整流结构11的扩口腔室23，可以理解，本发明不限于此，也可以设置成该扩口腔室22仅部分地容纳所述入口整流结构11的扩口腔室23。
可以理解，该入口整流结构11以及扩口腔室22也可以设置在制冷剂进口接管4中或内。在这种情况下，该制冷剂进口接管4的管脚与边板1装配在一起。此时，边板1可以不设置扩口腔室22。可以明白，设置扩口腔室的目的在于与入口整流结构 11的扩口腔室23相匹配，并提供必要的强度支撑。在一个示例中，本发明的入口整流结构的边缘固定在换热板或边板上，且该入口整流结构上设置有扩口腔室，相应地，制冷剂入口接管上可以设置由容纳入口整流结构的扩口腔室的扩口腔室。
如图2所示，入口整流结构11的扩口腔室23的顶表面在四周处与所述边板1的扩口腔室22的顶表面接触，并且大体位于同一高度水平。
在图3a-3d中分别示出了不同形式的整流元件12、13、14、15。可以理解，整流元件可以是整流孔、整流条缝或它们的任意组合，而不仅限于图示的情形。
在图3a中，所述入口整流结构11的层上设置有多个圆环，每个所述圆环上间隔布置有多个整流孔12。
在图3b中，所述入口整流结构11的层上设置有多个环形带，每个环形带上设置有间隔布置的多个平直延伸的整流条缝13。该整流条缝13成长方形或条形。
在图3c中，所述入口整流结构11的层上设置有多个环形带，每个环形带上设置有间隔布置的多个倾斜地延伸的整流条缝14。该整流条缝14成长方形或条形。
在图3d中，所述入口整流结构11的层上设置有多个环形带，每个环形带上设置有间隔布置的多个倾斜地延伸的整流条缝15。该整流条缝15成镰刀形。
该入口整流结构11可以采用金属、陶瓷等材质制成，当然可以用类似的网系或多孔介质进行替换，以达到均等整流效果。
具体的工作方式是，两相状态的制冷剂经过膨胀阀的节流后，沿着连接管路进入换热器的制冷剂进口接管4。其流动状态并不确定，对于部分负荷的工况，可能以层状流存在。对于满负荷的工况，可能以环状流存在。但经过特殊整流元件12、13、14、15的作用后，两相制冷剂被调整为均相流的流动状态。同时，借助入口整流结构11的弧面以及扩口腔室23的共同作用，流型的稳定性与湍流程度获得了进一步的强化，最终以有利于分配的流动状态进入分配器腔室7。
为了实现图2中整流元件3和后续分配器腔室7的高效配合，本发明进一步提供了图4a所示的技术方案。相比于图2中所示的情形，在图4a中将入口整流结构11的扩口腔室23尺寸设置成分配腔室7的内径相近或相同(也就是相匹配)，以实现两相流制冷剂经过“喇叭口”腔室作用后，平滑地进入分配器腔室7中，进而被分配到对应的制冷剂通道9中。
依据本发明所提出的制冷剂流型和流态的调节方式，可以将图4a中的入口整流结构11设置于边板1和首个分配器6之间的任何合适的位置处。具体地，在图4a中，该入口整流结构11设置在密封圈5和首张第一换热板片2之间。
参见图4b和4c，分别示出了将入口整流结构11设置成形成于首张第一换热板片2和首张第二换热板片3上的情形。具体地，该入口整流结构11可以一体地形成在首张第一换热板片2或首张第二换热板片3上；当然可以采用焊接等的方式形成于首张第一换热板片2或首张第二换热板片3上。
参见图4d，示出了将入口整流结构11设置在首张第二换热板片3和首个分配器6之间的情形。可以理解，可以采用本领域中已知的方案将该入口整流结构11设置成在首个第二换热板片3和首个分配器6之间。
除上述的图示的情形之外，本领域技术人员可以理解可以将至少一个所述入口整流结构11设置在从边板1至板式换热器的各个分配器6之间的任意高度位置上，本发明对此不做具体地限定。
对于双回路的板式换热器，在首个分配器6和首张第二换热板片3之间还会存在另外一个回路的换热板片及密封圈15。
如图4e所示，示出了具有两种制冷剂回路的情形，其中标号15为第一制冷剂回路密封环、标号16为第二制冷剂回路的分配器、标号17为第二制冷剂回路通道、标号18为水通道、标号19为第一制冷剂回路通道、20为相邻水通道。
在第二制冷剂回路的分配器腔室26内，首张第二换热板片3与次张第一换热板片2之间设置了第一制冷剂回路密封环或圈15，用于封闭第一制冷剂回路的对应位置。入口整流结构11被集成在次张第一换热板片2上，用以与后续的分配腔室26相匹配。需要说明的是，这种双回路的板式换热器，入口整流结构11上的整流元件也可以采用上述的图3a-3d中所显示的任何的具体形式，使用单独的整流元件或者集成于次张第二换热板片上。可以理解，该入口整流结构11可以使用单独的整流元件或一个整流元件。可替代地，除了集成在次张第一换热板片2上，还可以集成在次张第二换热板片3上。
也就是，对于由第一换热板片和第二换热板片两种换热板片构成的双回路的板式换热器，在第二回路的分配器腔室内，首张第二换热板片与次张第一换热板片之间密封，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在次张第一换热板片上或次张第二换热板片上。
对于由第一换热板片、第二换热板片、第三换热板片和第四换热板片四种换热板片构成双回路的板式换热器，在第二回路的分配器腔室内，首张第二换热板片与首张第三换热板片之间密封，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在首张第三换热板片上、或首张第四换热板片上。
需要说明的是，本发明在双回路板式换热器上提供的上述实现方式，是针对双回路特定结构的一种选择。对于双回路板式换热器，本发明也可以采用图2和图4a-d中所示的单回路实现方式，即将入口整流结构11设置在边板1和首张第一换热板片2附近，而不跨越图4e中第一回路密封环15的空间。这种做法，尤其适用于图4e中密封环15的内径与分配器6内径相同或相近的情况。
此外，考虑到加工难度与装配简易程度，还可以对本发明所述的入口整流结构进行以下改变。
需要说明的是，所述入口整流结构11设置在沿分配器腔室7的中心轴线从制冷剂进口接管4至所述分配器腔室7的任意位置上。
参见图5，可以将上述的入口整流结构11的弧面结构设置成平面形式，或者说以平面单元替换；但是保留了扩口腔体的设计。如图所示，该入口整流结构11’的顶面是大致平坦的。
参见图6，取消了上述的弧面结构和扩口腔体的设计方式，而是采用常规换热器边板1和简易的入口整流结构11”。其中该入口整流结构11”为钣金冲压件。如图所示，示出了密封台阶51和多孔状的整流区域12。
参见图7，还可以采用均一厚度的整流垫片21的形式。该整流垫片21用于替代上述的入口整流结构，并且设置在与上述的入口整流结构相同的位置处，通过其的周边与边板和与之相邻的换热板片密封。该整流垫片21设置有诸如整流孔的多个整流元件，当然该整流垫片21还可以根据需要采用上述的整流条缝作为整流元件。
可以理解，本发明不仅限于上述的结构，还可以包括上述的结构的组合或推演方式。例如，将每个入口整流结构包括多个叠或叠置在一起的层，每个层设置有上述的诸如整流孔或整流条缝或它们的任意组合的整流元件，并且相邻层之间的整流元件彼此重叠或相同。此外，还可以在边板和首个分配器之间设置有串联的两个或更多个入口整流结构，相邻的两个入口整流结构之间设置有一定的间隙，实现了两相流的二次或多次整流，以获得均相流型，以提高最终的分配效果。
此外，本发明的另一实施例还提供了一种使用上述的入口整流结构的板式换热器。鉴于上述已经详细描述了入口整流结构，并且使用该入口整流结构的板式换热器在其他方面没有进行改变，故在此不再累述。
如上所述，本发明的上述的技术方案至少能够实现下述的优点中的至少一个方面：
第一，整流孔缝、弧面射流端面以及渐扩的射流发展腔体，将有效强化蒸发器 进口区域的制冷剂流动与流型状态，为后续的分配过程提供稳定可靠的入口条件。解决了由于制冷剂物性、机组多工况运行、产品能力差异等问题，对蒸发器制冷剂分配的影响。
第二，所提出的整流单元或入口整流结构，主要是以钣金件的方式成型或低成本整流垫片，成本上具有较大的优势，几乎没有增加蒸发器的额外费用。
以上仅为本发明的一些实施例，本领域普通技术人员将理解，在不背离本总体发明构思的原则和精神的情况下，可对这些实施例做出改变，本发明的范围以权利要求和它们的等同物限定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种用于板式换热器的入口整流结构，所述板式换热器包括制冷剂进口接管和与制冷剂进口接管装配在一起的边板，
    其特征在于，
    至少一个所述入口整流结构设置在从所述制冷剂进口接管至所述板式换热器的主体的路径上，并且在每一所述入口整流结构上设置有至少一个整流元件，所述整流元件与板式换热器的制冷剂入口通道相对应设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，每个所述入口整流结构包括一个层或彼此间隔开的至少两个层，其中每个层上设置有所述整流元件。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，至少两个所述入口整流结构在制冷剂进口接管至板式换热器的分配腔室的方向上间隔开且并排设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述整流元件是整流孔、整流条缝或它们的任意组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整流结构呈弧形、平板形或整流垫片的形式。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整流结构的层上设置有多个圆环，每个所述圆环上间隔布置有多个整流孔；或
    所述入口整流结构的层上设置有多个环形带，每个环形带上设置有间隔布置的多个平直或倾斜地延伸的整流条缝。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述整流条缝成长方形或镰刀形。
  8. 根据权利要求6-7中任一项所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整 流结构的层的中心处设置有一个整流孔。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整流结构设置有扩口腔室。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述边板或制冷剂进口接管具有至少部分容纳所述入口整流结构的扩口腔室的扩口腔室。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整流结构的扩口腔室的顶表面与所述边板或制冷剂进口接管的扩口腔室的顶表面至少部分接触并且大体位于同一高度水平。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述扩口腔室底部尺寸与板式换热器的分配器腔室的尺寸相匹配，使得从制冷剂入口流入的两相制冷剂流经扩口腔室后，平滑地进入分配腔室，并被分配到对应的制冷剂通道中。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整流结构设置在沿分配器腔室的中心轴线从制冷剂进口接管至所述分配器腔室的任意位置上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整流结构设置在边板和首个分配器的射流孔之间。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在从所述制冷剂入口起的首张第一换热板片上、首张第二换热板片上或首张第二张换热片和首个分配器之间。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的入口整流结构，其特征在于，对于由第一换热板片和第二换热板片两种换热板片构成的双回路的板式换热器，在第二回路的分配器腔室内，首张第二换热板片与次张第一换热板片之间密封，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在首张第一换热片、首张第二换热片、次张第一换热板片上或次张第二换热板片 上；或
    对于由第一换热板片、第二换热板片、第三换热板片和第四换热板片四种换热板片构成双回路的板式换热器，在第二回路的分配器腔室内，首张第二换热板片与首张第三换热板片之间密封，所述入口整流结构设置在或集成在首张第一换热板片、首张第二换热板片、首张第三换热板片上、或首张第四换热板片上。
  17. 一种板式换热器，其中所述板式换热器具有根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的入口整流结构。
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