WO2017097976A1 - Résistance de décharge - Google Patents

Résistance de décharge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017097976A1
WO2017097976A1 PCT/EP2016/080434 EP2016080434W WO2017097976A1 WO 2017097976 A1 WO2017097976 A1 WO 2017097976A1 EP 2016080434 W EP2016080434 W EP 2016080434W WO 2017097976 A1 WO2017097976 A1 WO 2017097976A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
discharge resistor
ptc
heat sink
discharge
resistor according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/080434
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Werling
Schäffner WOLFGANG
Original Assignee
Dbk David + Baader Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dbk David + Baader Gmbh filed Critical Dbk David + Baader Gmbh
Priority to EP16810326.5A priority Critical patent/EP3387657A1/fr
Publication of WO2017097976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017097976A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/08—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/02—Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure
    • H01C1/034—Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure the housing or enclosure being formed as coating or mould without outer sheath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge resistor according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such discharge resistors are safety components which are used, for example, in electric vehicles in order to discharge buffer capacitors in the event of a fault, in a service case or in an accident.
  • the discharge of DC link capacitors in the inverter - generally speaking, the task of discharge resistors is to reduce dangerous voltages as quickly as possible.
  • discharge resistors must be designed as low as possible. Another requirement is that they are intrinsically safe, i. h., they must not burn when used as intended, so that use without additional monitoring is possible. Accordingly, discharge resistors must also permanently withstand the respective operating voltage, which is up to about 1200 volts in electric vehicles.
  • discharge resistors may be used in which the resistive element is formed as a wire wound winding that encompasses an insulating body.
  • Wirewound resistor elements are described, for example, in DE 2 228 460 or US Pat
  • load resistors discharge / braking resistors
  • a wire resistance element have a comparatively complex construction, with special measures having to be taken to increase the operational safety / intrinsic safety.
  • load resistors with PTC resistor elements.
  • the ceramic PTC resistor elements are inserted into a housing designed as a heat sink.
  • This housing may in turn be designed as an extruded profile, preferably made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • Such a load resistor is known from EP 1 225 080 B1 of the Applicant.
  • Dielectric strength is, for example, at a minimum resistance of 2 ohms at 170 volts / mm.
  • a PTC resistor element with high dielectric strength is also described in the document DE 27 53 766 A1.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a discharge resistor with improved intrinsic safety.
  • the discharge resistor is designed with at least one PTC module which is thermally contacted with a heat sink and has connections for electrically contacting the PTC module.
  • the ceramic PTC module is designed so that the ratio of the dielectric strength (in volts) to the minimum resistance (Rmin in ohms) is> 3, preferably> 4.
  • the characteristic properties of the PTC module in particular its thickness are chosen so that, for example, at a voltage in normal operation of 1200 V, an initial resistance (R a ) at room temperature (RT) results, which is at most 500 ohms , the minimum resistance Rmin is below this value.
  • R a initial resistance
  • RT room temperature
  • Rmin minimum resistance
  • the housing of the PTC module that is, the volume of the unit consisting of the heat sink and the PTC resistor element is selected so that a ratio of energy absorption in Joule (J) to the volume (cm 3 ) of below 200 J / cm 3 , preferably below 120 J / cm 3 .
  • the maximum temperature is in the range of 150 ° - 250 ° Celsius, preferably at most about 180 ° Celsius. Such intrinsic safety can not be achieved with the conventional solutions.
  • a thickness D of the PTC device i. That is, the dimension of the PTC device between its two electrodes / contact plates is designed to be more than 4mm, preferably about 5mm. It has surprisingly been found that in the design of a PTC device with such a thickness can set a voltage resistance in the range of 1200 V, but the minimum resistance (Rmin), which is important for a fast discharge of the respective component, very low is. It should be noted, however, that these values can be achieved by suitable enclosure of the PTC resistor - this finding is not taken into account in the prior art.
  • the ratio of the thickness D (mm) to the minimum resistance Rmin (ohms) is greater than 1/90 and less than 1/50, preferably about 1/60. That is, the manufacturing process of the PTC device is chosen such that an initial resistance of between 90 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ is set per mm thickness of the PTC module.
  • the PTC module is approximately cuboidal, with a width B2 of more than 8mm, preferably about 1 1 mm, a thickness D of more than 4mm and a length L2 of more than 20mm preferably of about 28mm ,
  • the intrinsic safety can be further increased if the low-resistance edge regions are removed in the case of a blank of the PTC module, so that a flashover in the edge region of the PTC module and a breakdown through the ceramic is reliably prevented and thus the dielectric strength is increased.
  • the PTC module or the PTC components of the discharge resistor are inserted in a suitable heat sink.
  • a compression is particularly suitable.
  • the pressing force is selected such that a sufficient thermal contact is ensured in the intended temperature range, which may be, for example, between -20.degree. C. and 180.degree.
  • this enclosure ensures that the pulse energy generated during discharging can be dissipated without damaging the ceramic (bursting).
  • the heat sink may for example be designed as an open U-profile, in which the PTC module is used. This U-profile is then closed by means of a press plate, which is plastically deformed for pressing.
  • a heat sink with a closed profile can be used, which is then plastically deformed during pressing.
  • the initial resistance at room temperature is preferably in the range of 300 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ .
  • the discharge resistor can also be designed with more than one PTC module. These can be arranged parallel to each other or lying one behind the other.
  • the maximum energy consumption of the load resistance is at one
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of a discharge resistor according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the discharge resistor of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a section through the discharge resistor along the line A-A in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows characteristics of the discharge resistor according to Figures 1 to 3 and a heating resistor and
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a discharge resistor 1.
  • This has a heat sink 2, which consists of a U-shaped aluminum extruded profile 4 and an associated pressure plate 6.
  • the extruded profile 4 and the pressure plate 6 are advantageously made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • These two components form a receiving space for a PTC module 8, the two wires 10, 12 to an electronic component of a circuit, such as an electric scooter, is connected, and this electronic component must be unloaded in case of failure or service.
  • this electrical component may be a buffer capacitor or a DC link capacitor whose voltage is to be dissipated by the discharge resistor 1 in the shortest possible time.
  • the degradation takes place by converting the electrical voltage into heat, which, optionally buffered by the PTC module, is discharged through a heat-emitting element into the environment.
  • the pulse strength is in the range of several kV, for example, between 3000 and 4000 volts.
  • the discharge voltage is preferably in the range between 850 and 1200 volts
  • Figure 2 shows a plan view of the discharge resistor 1 of Figure 1 and Figure 3 is a section along the line A-A in Figure 2.
  • the PTC module 8 is in the form of a cuboid with a length L2 of a width B2 and a thickness D.
  • the length L2 is about 28mm
  • the width B2 about 1 1 mm
  • This ceramic PTC component 8 is manufactured from a blank which has a plate-shaped contour whose dimensions are slightly larger than those of the above-described PTC module 8. During production, edge regions of this blank are cut away, since they are often lower-resistance than the middle regions. In this way, a PTC module with a homogeneous resistance characteristic is formed, whereby this by the optimal edge condition of the module
  • the electrical contacting takes place via electrodes / connection plates, which are electrically connected to the strands 10, 12.
  • the executed with a homogeneous resistance characteristic PTC module 8 with its electrodes is embedded in an electrical insulating sleeve 14, prevents direct electrical contact with the heat sink 2 and an insulating strength up to 4,000 V is achieved.
  • the extruded profile 4 has an approximately U-shaped cross-section with a base 16 and two legs 18, 20. The latter are each flanged in the region of their free end portions to a U-shaped receptacle 22, 24 into which the pressure plate 6 can be inserted so that it is guided along its edge sections (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 3) in the receptacles 22, 24.
  • the press plate 6 and the extruded profile 4 limit - as explained - a receiving space 26, in which the coated PTC module 8 is inserted.
  • the pressing plate 8 For thermal contacting of the PTC module 8 with the heat sink 2, the pressing plate 8 is acted upon in the arrow direction with a pressing force F, so that the PTC module 8 is compressed in the receiving space 26.
  • the press plate 6 is supported on the legs 18, 20 from. The compression takes place so that the thermal contact over the entire operating temperature range of the discharge resistor. 1
  • this operating temperature range is between about -20 ° C and about 180 ° C (see Figure 4).
  • the compression must be designed so that any caused by the temperature dimensional changes of the components are compensated and always a sufficient thermal contact between PTC module 8 and heat sink 2 is guaranteed.
  • the dimensions of the heat sink 2 are selected according to the invention so that the ratio between the maximum energy consumption in Joule (J) to the volume (cm 3 ) is below 200 J / cm 3 , preferably about 120 J / cm 3 , wherein the
  • Load resistor for a very high maximum power consumption preferably of more than 1500 J is designed.
  • the maximum energy consumption is in the range of 2000 J to 6000 J or more.
  • the discharge resistor 1 has only one PTC module 8.
  • several such PTC components can be arranged axially one behind the other in a correspondingly extended heat sink 2.
  • the dimensions of the PTC module 8 are selected, for example, according to the above statements - in the conception of the total volume, that is, the volume encompassed by the heat sink, the above-mentioned characteristic value formed from the ratio between the energy consumption and the volume (J / cm 3 ) should be considered become.
  • the required intrinsic safety is ensured, so that, for example, even when reaching the maximum breakdown voltage (about 1200 volts), the operating temperature in the predetermined range, that is less than 200 ° C, preferably at most about 180 ° C remains.
  • the mentioned characteristic values are set forth by way of example for different numbers of PTC components, whereby the quantity L1 is the total length of the heat sink (see FIG. 2) and the dimension L2 is the length of a PTC component.
  • the volume is calculated from the aforementioned length L1 multiplied by the height H and the width B1 (see FIG. 3) of the heat sink 2.
  • This table also lists the energy absorption in joules; With all these parameters, a characteristic value of approx. 120 J / cm 3 at a maximum operating temperature of 180 ° Celsius is approximated. Taking into account these characteristics, a discharge resistance with optimum intrinsic safety can thus be created.
  • the discharge resistor By the above-described choice of the dimensions of the PTC module 8 and its compression with the heat sink 2, it is possible to use the discharge resistor at voltages up to 1200 volts.
  • the component resistance is shown on the temperature, dashed line above the characteristic of a heating resistor and below the characteristics of a discharge resistor are shown.
  • the middle dash-dotted characteristic is the so-called "no-load characteristic", while the lower-lying continuous characteristic is the typical characteristic of a discharge resistor according to the invention at 900 volts.
  • Heating resistors are usually designed to convert electrical energy into thermal energy in continuous operation - a high initial resistance is advantageous for such a task.
  • the initial resistance for example, initially significantly more than 10,000 ohms.
  • the resistor then drops with heating to the operating temperature (about 140 ° C), for example, about 3000 ohms and then increases with increasing
  • the initial resistance R a at room temperature (RT) is very low in the range of, for example, approximately 500 ohms. With increasing heating to the operating temperature of this initial resistance decreases further down, for example, about 300 to 350 ohms (Rmin).
  • This minimum resistance Rmin allows a very high energy absorption and thus ensures a discharge in the shortest possible time.
  • the slightly higher initial resistance compared to the minimum resistance (Rmin) ensures a "damped" initial discharge, while the damped initial discharge relieves the contacts of the interconnection with the electronic component to be discharged
  • the intrinsic safety With increasing heating of the discharge resistor 1, the resistance then rises steeply, so that, even with a continuous discharge, the intrinsic safety is without the need for additional electronic security elements.
  • the operating temperature in the area of intrinsic safety always remains below 180 ° Celsius - in heating applications, this maximum temperature is considerably higher. This intrinsic safety is for example in the
  • regenerable capacitors so-called double-layer capacitors
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of the discharge resistor according to FIG. 1.
  • a closed extruded profile 4 is used, in the receiving space 26 of which is accommodated in the insulating casing 14 PTC module 8 is used.
  • side walls 28, 30 bulged approximately U-shaped and go into one
  • Top wall 32 via, which runs approximately parallel to the base 16.
  • the pressing force F is applied to the top wall 32, wherein the bulging side walls 28, 30 are deformed outwardly, so that the inside width of the U-shaped areas is reduced and corresponding to a pressing surface 34 of the top wall 32 flat on the PTC module. 8 or the insulating sleeve 14 is present.
  • the compression is designed according to the same criteria as explained with reference to the embodiment according to FIG. Consequently, the compression is chosen so that an expansion of the PTC module 8 during the high Voltage peaks at the beginning of the discharge is possible, however, a contact is ensured during the entire discharge process.
  • a discharge resistor with at least one PTC module which is pressed with a heat sink in such a way that the discharge resistor can be used at voltages up to 1200 volts.
  • the discharge resistance is preferably designed such that the ratio of the volume (cm 3 ) to the energy intake (J) is below 200 J / cm 3 , preferably below 120 J / cm 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une résistance de décharge comprenant au moins un composant à CTP qui est compressé avec un radiateur de telle sorte que la résistance de décharge peut être utilisée avec des tensions jusqu'à 1 200 volts. La résistance de décharge est de préférence conçue de telle sorte que le rapport entre le volume (cm3) et l'énergie absorbée (J) est inférieur à 200 J / cm3, de préférence inférieur à 120 J / cm3.
PCT/EP2016/080434 2015-12-09 2016-12-09 Résistance de décharge WO2017097976A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16810326.5A EP3387657A1 (fr) 2015-12-09 2016-12-09 Résistance de décharge

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015121471 2015-12-09
DE102015121471.7 2015-12-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017097976A1 true WO2017097976A1 (fr) 2017-06-15

Family

ID=57544423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/080434 WO2017097976A1 (fr) 2015-12-09 2016-12-09 Résistance de décharge

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3387657A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016123949A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017097976A1 (fr)

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2228460A1 (de) 1972-06-10 1973-12-20 Crl Electronic Bauelemente Niederohmiger widerstand
DE2753766A1 (de) 1977-12-02 1979-06-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur gezielten einstellung der elektrischen eigenschaften keramischer kaltleiterkoerper
DE3227907A1 (de) 1982-07-26 1984-02-02 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen von keramischen kaltleitern mit eng tolerierten elektrischen werten
DE3703689C2 (fr) 1987-02-06 1991-07-11 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Fuer Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh, 8130 Starnberg, De
WO1996041355A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Raychem Corporation Composition electriquement non lineaire et dispositif
US5733833A (en) * 1995-07-04 1998-03-31 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Semiconductive ceramic
DE69626615T2 (de) * 1995-12-13 2004-02-19 Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo Thermistor mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizient
EP1711035A1 (fr) 2005-04-08 2006-10-11 DBK David + Baader GmbH Résistance de freinage électrique et son procédé de préparation
EP1225080B1 (fr) 2001-01-22 2007-07-04 DBK David + Baader GmbH Elément de protection dans un circuit électrique
DE102009049404A1 (de) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Epcos Ag Keramikmaterial, Verfahren zur Herstellung des Keramikmaterials und Widerstandsbauelement umfassend das Keramikmaterial
DE102014102601A1 (de) 2013-12-24 2015-06-25 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Widerstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Widerstandes

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2228460A1 (de) 1972-06-10 1973-12-20 Crl Electronic Bauelemente Niederohmiger widerstand
DE2753766A1 (de) 1977-12-02 1979-06-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur gezielten einstellung der elektrischen eigenschaften keramischer kaltleiterkoerper
DE3227907A1 (de) 1982-07-26 1984-02-02 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen von keramischen kaltleitern mit eng tolerierten elektrischen werten
DE3703689C2 (fr) 1987-02-06 1991-07-11 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Fuer Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh, 8130 Starnberg, De
WO1996041355A1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Raychem Corporation Composition electriquement non lineaire et dispositif
US5733833A (en) * 1995-07-04 1998-03-31 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Semiconductive ceramic
DE69626615T2 (de) * 1995-12-13 2004-02-19 Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo Thermistor mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizient
EP1225080B1 (fr) 2001-01-22 2007-07-04 DBK David + Baader GmbH Elément de protection dans un circuit électrique
EP1711035A1 (fr) 2005-04-08 2006-10-11 DBK David + Baader GmbH Résistance de freinage électrique et son procédé de préparation
DE102009049404A1 (de) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Epcos Ag Keramikmaterial, Verfahren zur Herstellung des Keramikmaterials und Widerstandsbauelement umfassend das Keramikmaterial
DE102014102601A1 (de) 2013-12-24 2015-06-25 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Widerstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Widerstandes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016123949A1 (de) 2017-06-14
EP3387657A1 (fr) 2018-10-17

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