WO2017094700A1 - 固液混合物の流動性低下剤、及び、低流動性混合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
固液混合物の流動性低下剤、及び、低流動性混合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017094700A1 WO2017094700A1 PCT/JP2016/085296 JP2016085296W WO2017094700A1 WO 2017094700 A1 WO2017094700 A1 WO 2017094700A1 JP 2016085296 W JP2016085296 W JP 2016085296W WO 2017094700 A1 WO2017094700 A1 WO 2017094700A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluidity reducing agent for a solid-liquid mixture and a method for producing a low fluidity mixture.
- the present inventors pay attention to the fact that the degraded excavated soil is a solid-liquid mixture containing soil solid components and water, and if the fluidity of the solid-liquid mixture can be reduced by a simple operation in a short time, We thought that the above difficulties in civil engineering work could be overcome. Further, the present inventors considered that it is necessary to suppress an increase in volume from the viewpoints of volume reduction, cost, etc., when reducing the fluidity of the solid-liquid mixture.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and reduces the fluidity of the solid-liquid mixture while suppressing the increase in volume by a simple operation in a short time regardless of the chemical composition of the solid-liquid mixture. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluidity reducing agent and method for a solid-liquid mixture that can be produced.
- the present inventor is a specific granular material having a structure in which fibers are intertwined by capturing the solid phase and liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture invading and capturing in the voids formed by the intertwining of fibers, It has been found that the above problem can be solved by using a fluidity lowering agent for a solid-liquid mixture, and the present invention has been completed.
- a first aspect of the present invention includes a granular material having a structure in which fibers are entangled, and the granular material has an average particle diameter of 300 ⁇ m or less, and a specific surface area by a BET method of 0.25 m 2 / g or more and 100 m 2. / G or less, a fluidity reducing agent for a solid-liquid mixture.
- the second aspect of the present invention includes a granular material having a structure in which fibers are intertwined, and the granular material has a porosity calculated by (1 ⁇ bulk density / true density) ⁇ 100 is 50% or more, It is a fluidity reducing agent for a solid-liquid mixture having a specific surface area of 0.25 m 2 / g or more and 100 m 2 / g or less by the BET method.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a low fluidity mixture, comprising mixing a solid-liquid mixture and the fluidity reducing agent to obtain a low fluidity mixture.
- One embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention is a low fluidity mixture comprising mixing a solid-liquid mixture and a fluidity reducing agent of the solid-liquid mixture in a container to obtain a low fluidity mixture.
- the fluidity reducing agent includes a granular material having a structure in which fibers are entangled, and the granular material has an average particle diameter of 300 ⁇ m or less and a specific surface area by a BET method of 0.25 m 2 / g to 100 m 2 / g, Or the porosity calculated by (1-bulk density / true density) ⁇ 100 is 50% or more and the specific surface area by the BET method is 0.25 m 2 / g or more and 100 m 2 / g or less,
- the solid-liquid mixture is mixed in an amount of 50% by volume or more and less than 100% by volume with respect to the target volume of the low-flowing mixture mounted on the container, and the solid-liquid mixture and the amount of the flowability reducing agent used In which the total volume exceeds the target mounting volume of the low-flowing mixture in the container.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a method for transporting a low fluidity mixture, which includes moving the low fluidity mixture obtained by the above method on a moving body.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention is a method for improving the degree of decrease in fluidity of the solid-liquid mixture by allowing the solid phase and liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture to penetrate into and capture the voids formed by the entanglement of fibers. is there.
- the chemical composition of the solid-liquid mixture subject to fluidity reduction is obtained by allowing the solid phase and liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture to enter and capture in the voids formed by the entanglement of fibers. This is a method for improving the degree of freedom.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is a method for suppressing an increase in the volume of a solid-liquid mixture after the fluidity is lowered by allowing the solid phase and the liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture to enter and capture in voids formed by entanglement of fibers. It is.
- the fluidity of the solid-liquid mixture can be reduced while suppressing the increase in volume by a simple operation in a short time regardless of the chemical composition of the solid-liquid mixture.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a state in which soil fine particles are captured in voids formed by entanglement of fibers in the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are graphs showing the results of thermogravimetric / differential analysis for the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of X-ray diffraction analysis for the hot ash content of the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention.
- Fluidity reducing agent for solid-liquid mixture is a granular material having a structure in which fibers are entangled, and the granular material has an average particle diameter of 300 ⁇ m or less and a specific surface area by a BET method of 0.25 m 2 / It is a fluidity reducing agent of a solid-liquid mixture which is not less than g and not more than 100 m 2 / g.
- Another aspect of the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention is a granular material having a structure in which fibers are entangled, and the granular material has a porosity calculated by (1 ⁇ bulk density / true density) ⁇ 100.
- the average particle size of the granular material may be 300 ⁇ m or less.
- an average particle diameter means the average value of the particle diameter of the granular material measured under the optical microscope.
- the fiber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those containing a hydrophilic polymer.
- a hydrophilic polymer When the fiber contains a hydrophilic polymer, when the liquid phase in the solid-liquid mixture contains water, the affinity between the fiber and the liquid phase is improved, and the liquid phase is easily captured by the fluidity reducing agent. The degree of fluidity reduction of the solid-liquid mixture is more likely to be improved.
- the hydrophilic polymer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene glycol (for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc.), polyacrylic acid, and the like. Biodegradability and neutral pH ( For example, cellulose is preferable because it has a pH of around 8 and is excellent in low environmental impact.
- the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention is preferably 40% by weight or more, more preferably 45% by weight or more, Even more preferably, it is 47% by weight or more.
- the content is 40% by weight or more, when the liquid phase in the solid-liquid mixture contains water, the affinity between the fibers and the liquid phase is improved, and the liquid phase is captured by the fluidity reducing agent. It becomes easy to further improve the degree of decrease in fluidity of the solid-liquid mixture.
- the upper limit of the content may be 100% by weight, but is preferably 80% by weight or less, more preferably 60% by weight or less, considering the degree of fluidity reduction of the solid-liquid mixture, etc. Even more preferred is weight percent or less.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention includes, as optional components, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), kaolin (Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 ), talc (Mg 3 Si 4 ) unless the object of the present invention is impaired.
- O 10 (OH) 2) may be used together with inorganic fillers such.
- a mud is mentioned.
- the content of the liquid phase in the solid-liquid mixture is not particularly limited and is typically 20 to 90% by weight, more typically 30 to 75% by weight, even more typically 40 to 60% by weight, in particular. Typically 45-55% by weight.
- the mud may have a cone index qc of less than 400 (kN / m 2 ), specifically 350 (kN / m 2 ) or less, 300 (kN / m 2 ) or less, 250 (kN / m 2 ) or less.
- the lower limit of the mud cone index qc is not particularly limited, but may be about 10 (kN / m 2 ).
- the method for producing the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method including grinding a piece of material with a mill.
- a piece of material what can form a fiber by the grinding
- a granular material having a structure in which fibers are intertwined is formed.
- the conventional approach is an approach by solidification accompanying a chemical reaction such as a hydration reaction centering on a cement-based solidified material, and requires a reaction time, that is, a “curing period”.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention is based on physical absorption and does not require reaction time. As a result, it is possible to shorten the time from the generation of a solid-liquid mixture having a high fluidity, such as sludge having a high water content, to the completion of the treatment (completion of a low fluidity mixture).
- the granular material constituting the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention has a structure in which fibers are intertwined, and the above structure exhibits a cotton-like shape as shown in Examples.
- This cotton-like structure has many communicating voids, the fluidity reducing agent is added to a solid-liquid mixture having a high liquid content such as sludge, and fine particles constituting water and sludge enter the voids.
- the internal pressure is difficult to work.
- the replacement of the air filling the gap with water and fine particles is performed quickly. In this way, the water and fine particles make the air that has filled the communicating voids in the cotton-like structure of the fluidity reducing agent into a minimum air (bubble), and together with these airs, physically constrained to the communicating voids. Is done.
- the solid-liquid mixture such as sludge having a high water content, which has liquidity, is restrained from free movement by the fiber structure, and the addition and stirring of the fluidity reducing agent (the fluidity reducing agent Plasticity is brought about immediately after dispersion into the solid-liquid mixture).
- the main component of the fiber constituting the fluidity reducing agent is a hydrophilic polymer such as cellulose and the liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture contains water, the hydrophilic polymer has many hydrophilic groups in the molecular side chain.
- an electrical attractive force acts between the water molecules and the fibers constituting the voids, contributing to the difficulty (restraint force) of the water that has entered the communicating voids.
- the granular material constituting the fluidity reducing agent has an average particle diameter of 300 ⁇ m or less in one aspect. This contributes to the high dispersibility of the fluidity reducing agent when the fluidity reducing agent is added to the solid-liquid mixture and agitated. Has contributed. From the viewpoint of the dispersibility, the average particle diameter is preferably 250 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less. The lower limit of the average particle diameter is not particularly limited, but is typically 3 ⁇ m or more, more typically 50 ⁇ m or more.
- a BET specific surface area of particulate material constituting the fluidity reducing agent is 0.25 m 2 / g or more 100 m 2 / g or less.
- the fiber itself constituting the fluidity reducing agent also has fine voids, but silica gel used for a hygroscopic material (specific surface area by BET method: about 500 m 2 / g) and activated carbon used for adsorption and the like. Compared with (specific surface area by BET method: about 1000 m 2 / g), the specific surface area by BET method is small.
- Silica gel and activated carbon have innumerable angstrom-order voids (pores) in the material, whereas the above-mentioned granular material does not have many angstrom-order pores.
- pores angstrom-order voids
- the specific surface area of the fluidity reducing agent is measured considering that the influence of the pores is not so great particularly in a short time. The value confirms the instantaneous liquid absorption principle based on the physical principle of the physical restraint mechanism by the communication gap due to the entanglement of the fibers constituting the fluidity reducing agent.
- the specific surface area by the BET method of the granular material constituting the fluidity reducing agent is preferably from 0.25 m 2 / g to 100 m 2 / g, more preferably 0, from the viewpoint of liquid absorption performance by the fluidity reducing agent. .5m 2 / g or more 10 m 2 / g or less, still more preferably 0.75 m 2 / g or more 5 m 2 / g or less, more particularly preferably at most 1 m 2 / g or more 2m 2 / g.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention brings plasticity to a solid-liquid mixture having liquidity by liquid absorption due to physical restraint as described above, the solid-liquid to be improved It can be used regardless of the chemical composition of the mixture.
- the solid phase of the solid-liquid mixture may be an inorganic substance or an organic substance.
- the liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture may be water, an organic solvent, or a solution. In the case of a solution, for example, the concentration and type of solutes such as an electrolyte and ions are not limited.
- liquidity reducing agent which concerns on this invention has a space
- This void is a communication void due to entanglement between fibers constituting the fluidity reducing agent, a fine void included in the fiber itself, or an interparticle void.
- the granular material constituting the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention has a porosity calculated by (1-bulk density / true density) ⁇ 100 of 50% or more.
- the porosity is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 80% or more, and particularly preferably 85% or more from the viewpoint of the liquid absorption performance by the fluidity reducing agent.
- the upper limit of the porosity is preferably 95% or less, more preferably 93% or less, still more preferably 91% or less, and particularly preferably 89% or less from the viewpoint of the strength of the fluidity reducing agent.
- the bulk density refers to the internal volume of the granular material constituting the fluidization reducing agent filled without filling the fluidity reducing agent into a certain volume of the container and applying a particular load from the upper part. It is calculated by weight.
- Example 2 corn having a moisture content of 48 wt% is included in “type 4 treated soil” which is one of the quality categories defined in the “construction sludge treated soil use technical standards”. It has been shown that when improving to an index of 200 kN / m 2 or more, it is necessary to add 25 kg of fluidity reducing agent per m 3 . Considering that the true density of the granular material constituting the fluidity reducing agent used in Example 2 is 1.9 g / cm 3 , the volume of the granular material constituting the fluidity reducing agent added in Example 2 Is 25 ⁇ 1000 / (1.9 ⁇ 100 ⁇ 100 ⁇ 100) ⁇ 0.013 m 3 .
- the volume increase rate by the constituent fibers after adding the fluidity reducing agent in Example 2 can be calculated to be about 1%.
- This volume increase rate is higher than that of the solidification method with hydrate formation by hydration reaction of cement-based solidification materials, etc., and the plasticization approach with a polymer polymer system that expands by incorporating water into the molecule. The rate of increase is very small.
- the physical restraint to the communication gap formed by the entanglement of the fibers constituting the granular material has a certain water retention force, while the water restrained by the celldron is pushed out by physical action such as compression. It is possible. Therefore, for example, while improving the handleability in carrying out construction sludge, etc., it is possible to easily reduce the volume and weight of sludge by physical dehydration such as compression. Compared with the conventional volume reduction method and weight reduction method in a furnace or the like, it is possible to achieve volume reduction and weight reduction at a low cost.
- the low environmental impact property is demonstrated about the case where the fiber which comprises the fluidity reducing agent which concerns on this invention contains a cellulose.
- Cellulose is decomposed by cellulase and decomposed by fungi and the like present in the soil. Therefore, the fluidity reducing agent added to the environment returns to the original soil over time.
- this biodegradability makes it possible to release water, fine particles, and the like physically constrained by the fluidity reducing agent by the addition of a degrading enzyme such as cellulase.
- the pH of the fluidity reducing agent is in a neutral region (around pH 8) and the pH of the soil after the addition of the fluidity reducing agent remains in the neutral region, the influence on farmland and surrounding vegetation is small.
- the method for producing a low fluidity mixture according to the present invention includes mixing the solid-liquid mixture and the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention to obtain a low fluidity mixture.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and may be a known method.
- the amount of the fluidity reducing agent to be mixed with the solid-liquid mixture is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid-liquid mixture from the viewpoint of the degree of fluidity reduction of the solid-liquid mixture. Above, preferably 3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 4.5 parts by weight or more, and still more preferably 9 parts by weight or more.
- the upper limit of the amount is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 50 parts by weight or less, preferably 30 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid-liquid mixture from the viewpoint of easily suppressing volume increase. 20 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 15 parts by weight or less.
- the volume increase before and after mixing hardly occurs.
- the solid-liquid mixture is mixed in an amount of 50% by volume or more and less than 100% by volume with respect to the target volume of the low fluidity mixture mounted on the container.
- the volume total of the usage-amount of a solid-liquid mixture and a fluidity reducing agent exceeds the mounting target volume of the low fluidity mixture to a container.
- the amount of the solid-liquid mixture used is preferably 60% by volume or more, more preferably 70% by volume or more, 80% by volume or more, 85% by volume or more, 90% by volume or more, and 95% by volume with respect to the mounting target volume. As mentioned above, it is 97 volume% or more.
- the amount of the solid-liquid mixture used is 99.9% by volume or less, 99.5% by volume or less, 99% by volume or less, 95% by volume or less with respect to the mounting target volume in consideration of a slight increase in volume after mixing. 90 volume% or less.
- the target volume for loading the low-fluidity mixture into the container may be a variable value that is set every time it is used, or it is fixed for each container in terms of safety, etc. It may be a fixed value such as the maximum volume.
- the total volume of the solid-liquid mixture and the fluidity reducing agent used is 101% by volume or more with respect to the target volume for loading the low fluidity mixture in the container.
- they are 102 volume% or more, 103 volume% or more, 108 volume% or more, 110 volume% or more, 115 volume% or more.
- the total volume described above may be, for example, less than 200% by volume with respect to the target loading volume of the low fluidity mixture in the container, specifically 190% by volume or less, 175% by volume or less, 150% by volume or less, It may be 140% by volume or less, 130% by volume or less, or 120% by volume or less.
- the above-mentioned amount is preferable from the viewpoint of the efficiency of the production process of the low fluidity mixture using one container, but in the present invention, the total volume of the solid-liquid mixture and the fluidity reducing agent used is the mounting target volume.
- the amount may be 101% by volume or less.
- the mixing can be performed in a closed space or a fixed volume space of the container.
- a closed space or a constant volume space even if mixing is performed in a closed space or a constant volume space, it is easy to prevent container breakage due to a large increase in volume.
- mixing in a closed space or a space with a constant volume is generally inferior to mixing in an open space, so that sufficient mixing is difficult or it is difficult to confirm that mixing has been performed sufficiently.
- the fluidity reducing agent having excellent instantaneous properties, workability, and versatility is used, the above-mentioned problems can be solved.
- the mixing may be performed using a container on the granular material transport vehicle.
- the closed space or the space having a constant volume only needs to be closed or constant in volume at the time of mixing, and includes the space of the container that can be reversibly released or variable in volume.
- a container having an open space may be used.
- the corn index qc of the low fluidity mixture obtained by using the mud in the method of one embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 (kN / m 2 ) or more higher than the corn index qc of the mud. 75 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 100 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 125 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 140 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 175 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 200 (kN / M 2 ) or more, 250 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 300 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 400 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 500 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 600 (kN / m 2 ) or more 700 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 800 (kN / m 2 ) or more, 900 (kN / m
- the low fluidity mixture produced by the above-described method may be used as it is or after undergoing an additional stabilization process (for example, addition of a baking process, a solidifying agent, etc.) ) And may be discarded.
- an additional stabilization process for example, addition of a baking process, a solidifying agent, etc.
- the conveyance method of the low fluid mixture which concerns on this invention includes moving the low fluid mixture obtained by the manufacturing method of the low fluid mixture which concerns on this invention with a moving body.
- a moving body As a mobile body, a granular material conveyance vehicle, a dump truck, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the conveyed low fluidity mixture may be used for construction or the like at the destination, or may be discarded.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for improving the degree of decrease in fluidity of the solid-liquid mixture by allowing the solid phase and the liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture to enter and capture in the voids formed by the entanglement of fibers.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention can be used. This is because the granular material constituting the fluidity reducing agent has voids formed by entanglement of fibers, and the solid phase and the liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture enter and are captured in the voids.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the freedom of the chemical composition of the solid-liquid mixture that is subject to fluidity degradation by allowing the solid phase and liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture to enter and capture in the voids formed by fiber entanglement. It is a method to improve the degree.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention can be used.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention can be used regardless of the chemical composition of the solid-liquid mixture, and improves the degree of freedom of the chemical composition of the solid-liquid mixture that is subject to fluidity reduction. Can be made.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for suppressing an increase in the volume of a solid-liquid mixture after the fluidity is lowered by allowing the solid phase and the liquid phase of the solid-liquid mixture to enter and capture in voids formed by entanglement of fibers. is there.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention can be used.
- the fluidity reducing agent according to the present invention can suppress an increase in the volume of the solid-liquid mixture after the fluidity reduction.
- Example 1 Preparation of fluidity reducing agent
- Shredder scrap (specific surface area by BET method 0.23 m 2 / g) was ground by mill to obtain an average particle diameter of 200 [mu] m, the fluidity reducing agent comprising a particulate having a specific surface area of 1.6 m 2 / g by the BET method .
- this granular material was observed with an optical microscope, it had a structure in which fibers were intertwined, and this structure had a cotton-like shape (FIG. 1). It was 1.9 g / cm ⁇ 3 > when the true density of this granular material was measured with the Shimadzu dry density meter. Moreover, the bulk density of this granular material was 0.25 g / cm 3 . Therefore, the porosity of this granular material was (1-0.25 / 1.9) ⁇ 100 ⁇ 87%.
- Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 Mixing of fluidity reducing agent and mud
- the mud having a water content of 48% by weight and the fluidity reducing agent obtained in Example 1 were mixed at the weight shown in Table 1.
- the cone index was measured in accordance with JIS A 1228. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the ratio refers to the weight ratio of the fluidity reducing agent to the mud.
- FIG. 2 shows a state after mixing 10% by weight of the fluidity reducing agent with 60% by weight of mud. As shown in FIG. 2, the soil fine particles were trapped in the voids in the cotton-like structure in which the fibers were entangled in the fluidity reducing agent. For photography, the water was evaporated by drying.
- Example 6 Comparative Example 2, and Reference Example 1: Cellulase degradation test
- Example 6 Fluidity reducing agent obtained in Example 1 Comparative Example 2: Shredder waste used to obtain the fluidity reducing agent in Example 1
- Reference Example 1 Cellulose Microcrystallin (Merck)
- a cellulase agent (trade name: Cellulase SS, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) was diluted with 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5.5) to a concentration of 1/50 to prepare an enzyme dilution. 25 mg of a sample was added to 0.5 ml of this enzyme dilution and stirred. At that time, it was observed by visual observation that none of the samples was dissolved. Then, it kept warm at 40 degreeC for 24 hours. Centrifugation (7,000 ⁇ g, 5 minutes) was performed on the reaction solution at 0 and 24 hours from the incubation, and the supernatant was collected. The supernatant was boiled for 5 minutes to stop the reaction. The amount of glucose contained in the supernatant was measured with a glucose test Wako CII (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 pH measurement
- 10 g of a sample obtained by mixing the mud and the fluidity reducing agent was collected in a glass container, 25 ml of pure water was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and left for 1 hour.
- pH was measured by the glass electrode method.
- Soil environmental analysis method Chapter V, soil chemistry, supervised by the Japan Soil Fertilizer Society. Reference was made to pH (H 2 O) of pH (glass electrode method).
- Example 8 Physical property analysis of fluidity reducing agent
- the following analysis was performed on the fluidity reducing agent obtained in Example 1.
- Loss on ignition hereinafter also referred to as ig-Loss
- TG-DTA Thermogravimetric / differential analysis
- XRD X-ray diffraction analysis of ignition ash
- TG-DTA is a method of examining the state in which a material undergoes a chemical change (including combustion) by heating, using a method of examining the endothermic behavior and weight change.
- TG-DTA was measured using a Thermo Plus EVO2 differential thermometer TG8121 manufactured by Rigaku. The measurement conditions were a sample weight of 15 mg, a measurement temperature range of 20 to 950 ° C., and a temperature increase rate of 20 ° C./min.
- XRD XRD is an analysis method for performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances using the fact that each substance has a unique crystal structure.
- the ash produced in the above (1) ig-Loss is crushed in an agate mortar, the ash produced in an agate mortar is crushed in the agate mortar, and packed in an XRD measurement holder. It was.
- a Rigaku smart lab was used for the analysis.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) The results are shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
- the line labeled “TEMP” indicates the heating temperature
- the line labeled “TG” indicates the weight change (TG curve)
- the line labeled “DTA” indicates the exothermic endotherm (DTA curve).
- FIG. 3B is a diagram in which the drawing scale of the DTA curve in FIG. 3A is changed.
- the heat generation at this temperature can be lignin, ink carbon, or unburned carbon remaining during combustion at 300-350 ° C., as estimated from the material that the fluidity reducing agent would contain.
- the wood fiber contains a large amount of hemicellulose and lignin in addition to cellulose.
- lignin is viscous and causes discoloration, it is removed as much as possible in the papermaking process, so its content is extremely small. Therefore, it is considered as combustion of unburned carbon of cellulose and / or printed carbon.
- the weight loss at this time was about 7% from the measured value.
- Fillers are used for various purposes in the papermaking process. Commonly used fillers include calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), kaolin (Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 ), talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), and the like.
- the fluidity reducing agent is also likely to contain fillers other than calcium carbonate.
- the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (reaction formula: CaCO 3 + ⁇ H ⁇ CaO + CO 2 , ⁇ H is calorie) is 700 ° C.
- the weight loss (theoretical value 44%) is also large, so it can be clearly detected (depending on the literature, There are reports that the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate occurs around 600 ° C and data that it occurs around 900 ° C, but it is 700 to 800 ° C under the present measurement conditions.) On the other hand, the temperature of the thermal decomposition of kaolin and talc (the dehydration reaction of crystal water) is wide at 350 to 650 ° C. and the weight loss is as small as 10 to 14%, so it overlaps with the combustion reaction of cellulose. Detection is difficult with TG-DTA.
- the total weight loss calculated by TG-DTA (heating to 950 ° C) is 72.12%, which is almost equal to 73.72% of the ignition loss (heating to 1000 ° C) in (1). Further, the content of cellulose contained in the fluidity reducing agent was about 48 to 56%.
- regulated to JISP8251: 2002 was 61.84% (however, this part also includes the reduction
- the ash contains calcium oxide (CaO), gehlenite (Ca 2 Al (AlSi) O 7 ), magnetite (iron oxide Fe 2 0 3 ), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ). Seems to be included. Assuming from the height of the detection peak, the amount contained in the ash is calcium oxide> gerenite >>magnetite> calcium hydroxide.
- Calcium oxide is a substance produced by decarboxylation of calcium carbonate as a filler by high heat, and was most contained in ash. Note that the calcium hydroxide detected in a trace amount is obtained by reacting calcium oxide in the sample with moisture in the air during measurement. Next, gelenite, which was thought to be produced by dehydration and recrystallization of clay-based fillers such as kaolin, was included. It can be seen that the main components of ash are these two, which are attributed to the filler.
- magnetite can be seen. This can be attributed to staples, grinding blade wear, ink components, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
前記流動性低下剤は、繊維が絡み合った構造を有する粒状物を含み、前記粒状物は、平均粒子径が300μm以下かつBET法による比表面積が0.25m2/g以上100m2/g以下であり、又は(1-かさ密度/真密度)×100で計算される空隙率が50%以上かつBET法による比表面積が0.25m2/g以上100m2/g以下であり、
前記容器への前記低流動性混合物の搭載目標容積に対して、前記固液混合物が50容積%以上100容積%未満の量で混合され、かつ前記固液混合物及び前記流動性低下剤の使用量の容積合計が前記容器への前記低流動性混合物の搭載目標容積を超える方法である。
本発明に係る流動性低下剤の一態様は、繊維が絡み合った構造を有する粒状物であり、前記粒状物は、平均粒子径が300μm以下であり、BET法による比表面積が0.25m2/g以上100m2/g以下である、固液混合物の流動性低下剤である。また、本発明に係る流動性低下剤の別の態様は、繊維が絡み合った構造を有する粒状物であり、前記粒状物は、(1-かさ密度/真密度)×100で計算される空隙率が50%以上であり、BET法による比表面積が0.25m2/g以上100m2/g以下である、固液混合物の流動性低下剤である。この別の態様において、粒状物の平均粒子径は、300μm以下であってもよい。なお、本明細書において、平均粒子径とは、光学顕微鏡下で測定した粒状物の粒子径の平均値をいう。
(1)瞬間性
(2)作業簡易性
(3)汎用性
(4)低容積増加率
従来のアプローチは、セメント系固化材を中心とした水和反応等の化学反応に伴う固化によるアプローチであり、反応時間、即ち「養生期間」を要する。一方、本発明に係る流動性低下剤は、物理的な吸液を主メカニズムとしており、反応時間を要しない。その結果、含水比の高い汚泥等の、流動性の高い固液混合物の発生から処理完了(低流動性混合物の完成)に至る時間の短縮が可能である。
本発明に係る流動性低下剤は、上記のような物理的な拘束による吸液によって、液性を有する固液混合物に塑性をもたらしていることから、処理に要する作業は、即ち、上記流動性低下剤の固液混合物への添加と撹拌のみである。よって、複数の薬剤の添加や、複数の薬剤添加に伴う添加の順番、配合量のバランスといった複雑な手順・作業・検討事項等を要せず、作業は誰でもできる簡易なものとなる。
本発明に係る流動性低下剤は、上記のような物理的な拘束による吸液によって、液性を有する固液混合物に塑性をもたらしていることから、改良対象である固液混合物の化学的組成を問わずに使用することができる。例えば、固液混合物の固相は、無機物質であっても有機物質であってもよい。また、固液混合物の液相は、水でも有機溶媒でもよく、溶液であってもよい。溶液の場合、例えば、電解質等の溶質やイオンの濃度、種類等を問わない。
本発明に係る流動性低下剤を構成する粒状物は、上述の通り、空隙を有する。この空隙は、上記流動性低下剤を構成する繊維同士の絡み合いによる連通性空隙、繊維そのものが有する微細空隙、粒子間空隙である。本発明に係る流動性低下剤を構成する粒状物は、一態様において、(1-かさ密度/真密度)×100で計算される空隙率が50%以上である。上記空隙率は、上記流動性低下剤による吸液性能の観点から、好ましくは60%以上、より好ましくは70%以上、更により好ましくは80%以上、特に好ましくは85%以上である。上記空隙率の上限は、上記流動性低下剤の強度等の観点から、好ましくは95%以下、より好ましくは93%以下、更により好ましくは91%以下、特に好ましくは89%以下である。
本発明に係る流動性低下剤を構成する繊維がセルロースを含有する場合について、低環境負荷性を説明する。セルロースは、セルラーゼによって分解されるものであり、土中に存在する菌類等によって分解されるため、環境中に添加された上記流動性低下剤は時間経過とともに、元の土に戻っていく。また、この生分解性は、セルラーゼといった分解酵素の添加によって、上記流動性低下剤により物理的に拘束した水や細粒子等をその拘束から解くことを可能にする。また、上記流動性低下剤のpHは中性域(pH8前後)であり、上記流動性低下剤添加後の土壌のpHは中性域にとどまることから、農地や周辺植生への影響が小さい。
本発明に係る、低流動性混合物の製造方法は、固液混合物と本発明に係る流動性低下剤とを混合して低流動性混合物を得ることを含む。混合方法は、特に限定されず、公知の方法でよい。固液混合物と混合する流動性低下剤の量としては、特に限定されず、固液混合物の流動性低下の程度等の観点から、固液混合物100重量部に対し、例えば、1.5重量部以上、好ましくは3重量部以上、より好ましくは4.5重量部以上、更により好ましくは9重量部以上である。また、上記量の上限としては、特に限定されず、容積増加を抑制しやすい点等から、固液混合物100重量部に対し、例えば、50重量部以下、好ましくは30重量部以下、より好ましくは20重量部以下、更により好ましくは15重量部以下である。
本発明に係る、低流動性混合物の搬送方法は、本発明に係る、低流動性混合物の製造方法により得た低流動性混合物を移動体で移動させることを含む。移動体としては、例えば、粉粒体運搬車、ダンプトラック等が挙げられる。搬送された低流動性混合物は、移動先で工事等に用いられてもよいし、廃棄されてもよい。
本発明の別の態様は、繊維の絡み合いにより形成した空隙に固液混合物の固相及び液相を侵入させて捕捉することにより、前記固液混合物の流動性低下の程度を向上させる方法である。この方法においては、例えば、本発明に係る流動性低下剤を用いることができる。この流動性低下剤を構成する粒状物は、繊維の絡み合いにより形成された空隙を有し、この空隙には、固液混合物の固相及び液相が侵入して捕捉されるからである。
本発明の別の態様は、繊維の絡み合いにより形成した空隙に固液混合物の固相及び液相を侵入させて捕捉することにより、流動性低下の対象となる固液混合物の化学的組成の自由度を向上させる方法である。この方法においては、例えば、本発明に係る流動性低下剤を用いることができる。上述の通り、本発明に係る流動性低下剤は、固液混合物の化学的組成を問わずに使用することができ、流動性低下の対象となる固液混合物の化学的組成の自由度を向上させることができる。
本発明の別の態様は、繊維の絡み合いにより形成した空隙に固液混合物の固相及び液相を侵入させて捕捉することにより、流動性低下後において固液混合物の容積増加を抑制する方法である。この方法においては、例えば、本発明に係る流動性低下剤を用いることができる。上述の通り、本発明に係る流動性低下剤は、流動性低下後において固液混合物の容積増加を抑制することができる。
シュレッダー屑(BET法による比表面積0.23m2/g)をミルによって粉砕して、平均粒子径200μm、BET法による比表面積1.6m2/gの粒状物からなる流動性低下剤を得た。この粒状物を光学顕微鏡で観察したところ、繊維が絡み合った構造を有し、この構造は綿状を呈していた(図1)。この粒状物の真密度を島津製作所製乾式密度計で測定したところ、1.9g/cm3であった。また、この粒状物のかさ密度は0.25g/cm3であった。よって、この粒状物の空隙率は(1-0.25/1.9)×100≒87%であった。
含水率48重量%の泥土と実施例1で得た流動性低下剤とを、表1に示す重量で混合した。混合後の土について、JIS A 1228に準拠して、コーン指数を測定した。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1において、割合とは、上記泥土に対する上記流動性低下剤の重量比をいう。
セルラーゼによる分解試験には、下記の試料を用いた。
実施例6:実施例1で得た流動性低下剤
比較例2:実施例1において流動性低下剤を得るのに用いたシュレッダー屑
参考例1:Cellulose Microcrystalline(メルク社製)
実施例3において上記泥土と上記流動性低下剤とを混合して得た試料10gをガラス容器に採取し、そこに純水25mlを加えて撹拌を行った後、1時間放置した。放置後の土壌懸濁液について、軽く撹拌を行った後、ガラス電極法にてpHを測定した。なお、試験方法については、日本土壌肥料学会監修「土壌環境分析法」第V章 土壌化学 1.pH(ガラス電極法)のpH(H2O)を参照した。
1.分析内容
実施例1で得た流動性低下剤について次の分析を行った。
(1)強熱減量(以下、ig-Lossともいう。)
(2)熱重量・示差分析(以下、TG-DTAともいう。)
(3)強熱灰分のX線回折分析(以下、XRDともいう。)
(1)ig-Loss
磁性坩堝に上記流動性低下剤約8gを1/100gまで正確に計量し、電気炉に入れ約2時間で1,000℃まで加熱し、1時間保持した。その後、炉内で100℃付近まで除冷した磁性坩堝を炉内から取り出し、デシケータに入れた。室温まで冷却させ、すばやく秤量した。上記流動性低下剤は減量が大きいことが予想されるため、測定は3回行った。強熱減量は次式で求めた。
強熱減量=(加熱前の重量-加熱後の重量)/加熱前の重量
TG-DTAは、加熱によって材料が化学変化(燃焼を含む。)を起こす状況を、発熱吸熱挙動と重量変化で調べる方法で調べる方法である。実施例1で得た流動性低下剤について、リガク製Thermo Plus EVO2 差動型示熱天秤 TG8121を用いて、TG-DTAを計測した。なお、測定条件は、サンプル重量15mg、測定温度範囲20~950℃、昇温速度20℃/分であった。
XRDは、個々の物質が固有の結晶構造を持っていることを利用した物質の定性・定量を行う分析方法である。上記(1)のig-Lossで生成した灰分を、メノウ乳鉢で粉砕し、メノウ乳鉢粉砕で生成した灰分を、メノウ乳鉢粉砕で生成した灰分を、メノウ乳鉢で粉砕し、XRD計測用ホルダーに詰めた。分析には、リガク製smart labを用いた。測定条件は、ゴニオメータ:MultiFlex+ゴニオメータ、X線:CuKα、40kV/30mA、走査モード:連続モード、スキャンスピード:2.0°/分、走査範囲:2θ=5~65°とした。
(1)ig-Loss
結果を表3に示す。
結果を図3(a)及び図3(b)に示す。図中、「TEMP」と表示されたラインは加熱温度を示し、「TG」と表示されたラインは重量変化(TG曲線)を示し、「DTA」と表示されたラインは発熱吸熱(DTA曲線)を示す。なお、図3(b)は、図3(a)中のDTA曲線の作図スケールを変えたものである。
結果を図4に示す。
(1)ig-Loss
3回の測定は、ほとんどバラツキがなく、ig-Lossは約74%であった。この強熱によって有機成分は燃焼・消失して、填料やその他無機系混在物が灰分として残ったと考えられる。詳細については次のTG-DTA及びXRDで考察する。
室温~100℃で緩やかな吸熱ピークがあり、同温度でTG曲線が若干下がっている(減量している)のは、流動性低下剤に吸着していた水分が蒸発したことを示している。計測値から読み取ると、流動性低下剤が持っていた吸着水の重量割合は約3%であった。
図4に示すXRDパターンから、灰分には、酸化カルシウム(CaO)、ゲーレナイト(Ca2Al(AlSi)O7)、マグネタイト(酸化鉄Fe203)、水酸化カルシウム(Ca(OH)2)が含まれていると思われる。検出ピークの高さから推定すると、灰分に含有され量は、酸化カルシウム>ゲーレナイト>>マグネタイト>水酸化カルシウムである。
Claims (16)
- 繊維が絡み合った構造を有する粒状物であり、前記粒状物は、平均粒子径が300μm以下であり、BET法による比表面積が0.25m2/g以上100m2/g以下である、固液混合物の流動性低下剤。
- 繊維が絡み合った構造を有する粒状物であり、前記粒状物は、(1-かさ密度/真密度)×100で計算される空隙率が50%以上であり、BET法による比表面積が0.25m2/g以上100m2/g以下である、固液混合物の流動性低下剤。
- 平均粒子径が300μm以下である請求項2に記載の流動性低下剤。
- 前記繊維が親水性ポリマーを含有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の流動性低下剤。
- 前記親水性ポリマーがセルロースである請求項4に記載の流動性低下剤。
- 前記流動性低下剤における前記親水性ポリマーの含有量が40重量%以上である請求項4又は5に記載の流動性低下剤。
- 前記固液混合物が泥土である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の流動性低下剤。
- 固液混合物と請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の流動性低下剤とを混合して低流動性混合物を得ることを含む、低流動性混合物の製造方法。
- 前記固液混合物と前記流動性低下剤とを容器内で混合して低流動性混合物を得ることを含み、
前記容器への前記低流動性混合物の搭載目標容積に対して、前記固液混合物が50容積%以上100容積%未満の量で混合され、かつ前記固液混合物及び前記流動性低下剤の使用量の容積合計が前記容器への前記低流動性混合物の搭載目標容積を超える請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記混合は、前記容器の閉鎖空間又は一定容積の空間内で行われる請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記混合は、粉粒体運搬車上の前記容器を用いて行われる請求項9又は10記載の方法。
- 前記固液混合物が泥土である請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法により得た低流動性混合物を移動体に搭載して移動させることを含む、低流動性混合物の搬送方法。
- 繊維が絡み合って形成された綿状構造内の連通性空隙を有する粒状物を固液混合物に分散させ、前記連通性空隙に固液混合物の固相及び液相を侵入させて捕捉することにより、前記固液混合物の流動性低下の程度を向上させる方法。
- 繊維が絡み合って形成された綿状構造内の連通性空隙を有する粒状物を固液混合物に分散させ、前記連通性空隙に固液混合物の固相及び液相を侵入させて捕捉することにより、流動性低下の対象となる固液混合物の化学的組成の自由度を向上させる方法。
- 繊維が絡み合って形成された綿状構造内の連通性空隙を有する粒状物を固液混合物に分散させ、前記連通性空隙に固液混合物の固相及び液相を侵入させて捕捉することにより、流動性低下後において固液混合物の容積増加を抑制する方法。
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EP (1) | EP3385352A4 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108603092A (ja) |
SG (1) | SG11201804530TA (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017094700A1 (ja) |
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JP2021178291A (ja) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-18 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 排水処理剤、及び排水処理剤の製造方法 |
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ES2662168T3 (es) * | 2005-03-24 | 2018-04-05 | Xyleco, Inc. | Procedimiento para preparar un material compuesto |
JP5439366B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-21 | 2014-03-12 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 偏析防止効果に優れるセルロース粉末及びその組成物 |
WO2014097007A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Low density fibers and methods for forming same |
CN103232866B (zh) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-03-26 | 太原理工大学 | 一种纤维球填料及其净化煤气的方法 |
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- 2016-11-29 CN CN201680079741.0A patent/CN108603092A/zh active Pending
- 2016-11-29 WO PCT/JP2016/085296 patent/WO2017094700A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-11-29 US US15/779,858 patent/US20190127641A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-29 EP EP16870637.2A patent/EP3385352A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-29 SG SG11201804530TA patent/SG11201804530TA/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3385352A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
US20190127641A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
CN108603092A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
EP3385352A4 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
SG11201804530TA (en) | 2018-06-28 |
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