WO2017092634A1 - 适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车 - Google Patents

适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017092634A1
WO2017092634A1 PCT/CN2016/107448 CN2016107448W WO2017092634A1 WO 2017092634 A1 WO2017092634 A1 WO 2017092634A1 CN 2016107448 W CN2016107448 W CN 2016107448W WO 2017092634 A1 WO2017092634 A1 WO 2017092634A1
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Prior art keywords
frame
handed
derailleur
bicycle
flywheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/107448
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘百鸣
Original Assignee
潘百鸣
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510856368.2A external-priority patent/CN106809337A/zh
Application filed by 潘百鸣 filed Critical 潘百鸣
Publication of WO2017092634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017092634A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/04—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio
    • B62M9/06—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/10—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/12—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like the chain, belt, or the like being laterally shiftable, e.g. using a rear derailleur
    • B62M9/121—Rear derailleurs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bicycle, and more particularly to a left-drive variable speed bicycle suitable for use by a right-handed person.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the above-described left-drive variable speed bicycle and a multi-stage flywheel for a left-drive externally-shifted bicycle.
  • Bicycles are an ordinary and extremely popular personal mechanical product. In the world, it has hundreds of millions of dollars and users. The improvement of the bicycle itself has never been interrupted for more than two hundred years since its birth. With the development of society, the role of bicycles as sports equipment, fitness equipment and entertainment tools is constantly improving, which also provides the impetus for the ultimate improvement of bicycle performance. In 1940, the shifting system introduced by Tullio Campagnolo marked the beginning of the era of competitive bicycle shifting. Compared with single-speed bicycles, variable-speed bicycles with manual derailleurs have a significant effect on increasing the speed of riding. This is a "perceived" improvement that can be clearly felt by the rider. Such improvements have been rare for nearly half a century.
  • the improvement of bicycles can increase the speed of their riding by 0.1s/km, which is a great boon. Because in the bicycle race, the difference of 0.1 seconds can be the gap between the champion and the 10th place! For example, the first to sixth rounds of the men's road (245.4 km) bicycle final of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games were 6 hours, 23 minutes and 49 seconds. The rankings can only be determined by the difference of the milliliters in the high-speed photography on the finish line.
  • the driving devices in the bicycle are basically disposed on the right side, and only the BMX bicycle (single speed) and the bicycle for two or more people riding together have left-drive devices.
  • Some people have designed left-handed single-speed bicycles for Zuo Lizu, but no such products have been available.
  • Some street-style BMX bicycles are set on the left side of the bicycle, and a treadmill is installed on the right outer side of the bicycle for the skillful movement to be used by the rider with the right leg in front. The purpose is to prevent the big sprocket from performing a specific stunt action. It was damaged.
  • a bicycle for two people and a plurality of people riding together is provided with a left-hand drive device, and a right-drive device is also provided, in order to coordinate a plurality of drive devices. If there is a shifting device, the shifting device is still on the right side. The drive in the bicycle is set on the right side. This situation has existed since 1888, when John K. Starley of Coventry, England, produced the first modern bicycle, which has been in existence for more than 100 years. The original design basis has not been verified, but one might think that the drive should be placed on the rider's leg-footed side frame.
  • the large sprocket of the second-level multi-speed shift to be mounted on the central axle is disposed on the left side of the frame, and the left crank is integrally fixed with the large sprocket; correspondingly, mounted on the rear axle
  • a multi-speed shifting device multi-stage flywheel
  • the deraille of the intermediate and rear axle shifting devices are disposed on the left side of the frame.
  • the main object of the present invention is to improve the defects of the prior art, to change a fundamental technical prejudice of the bicycle structure design, and to provide a physiological advantage that is more reasonable in power transmission and can fully exert the right balance of the majority of the population.
  • a left-drive variable-speed bicycle suitable for right-handed people.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-described left-drive variable speed bicycle.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage flywheel suitable for assembling a left-drive externally-shifted bicycle, making it possible to produce a left-hand drive bicycle.
  • a left-drive variable-speed bicycle suitable for a right-handed person wherein: the left-drive outer-shift bicycle is mounted on the center axle
  • the above multi-stage large sprocket is disposed on the left side of the frame, and the left crank is integrally fixed with the large sprocket; correspondingly,
  • the multi-stage flywheel mounted on the rear hub is placed on the left rear inner side of the frame.
  • the multi-stage flywheel is mounted on the left side of the rear hub, and the locking direction of the one-way clutch between the rear hub and the rear hub is left-handed, and the sliding direction is right-handed; correspondingly,
  • a front and/or rear derailleur corresponding to the multi-stage multi-stage large sprocket and/or multi-stage flywheel is disposed on the left side of the frame;
  • the left rear end of the frame is provided with a structure for installing a rear derailleur device
  • variable speed bicycle also has an internal shift bicycle, and the internal shift bicycle is provided with a rear axle internal transmission on the rear axle.
  • the internal shift bicycle is provided with a rear axle internal transmission on the rear axle.
  • the large sprocket mounted on the center axle is placed on the left side of the frame.
  • a sprocket of the rear axle internal transmission is located at a left end of the internal transmission, corresponding to the large sprocket;
  • the one-way clutch control sprocket lock in the rear axle is locked to the left and the sliding steering is right-handed.
  • the frame also has a corresponding change in order to accommodate the multi-stage flywheel on the rear axle moving to the left.
  • the left-drive externally-shifted bicycle has a frame for assembling a left-drive externally-shifted bicycle, and a structure for installing a rear derailleur device at a left rear end of the frame.
  • the structure of the left rear end of the frame for mounting the rear derailleur device may be a rear derailleur tail hook, and the rear derailleur tail hook is provided with a rear derailleur connecting hole, which is a left snail The hole, and the matching rear derailleur, are positioned on the frame through the rear derailleur connecting hole on the rear chain tail hook.
  • the rear derailleur tail hook disposed at the left rear end of the frame may be a separate component manufactured separately from the frame, and has a fixing hole fixedly connected with the frame, and is combined with the frame by bolts. One piece; or integrally formed on the frame.
  • the rear derailleur tail hook has a rear derailleur connecting hole as a separate component, and further has a fixing hole and a positioning hole fixedly connected with the frame.
  • the structure of the left rear end of the frame for mounting the rear derailleur device may also be a rear derailleur positioning hole.
  • the rear rear derailleur fixed at the rear axle is disposed on the left side of the rear axle, and is positioned on the frame by the positioning hole of the rear derailleur device.
  • the positioning hole may be disposed on a rear shaft groove fitting, the rear shaft groove fitting has a rear shaft mounting groove, a fixing screw hole and a positioning screw hole, and the rear shaft groove fitting passes through the fixing screw hole Fixed on the frame; the fixing screw holes on the rear shaft groove fittings and the threads of the positioning screw holes are right-handed;
  • the rear axle groove fitting is detachably combined with the frame, and a screw hole is communicated with the fixing screw hole and the positioning screw hole at a corresponding position of the frame.
  • the structure of the left rear end of the frame for mounting the rear derailleur device may also be a side recess having a screw hole outside the groove portion of the rear rear end of the frame.
  • a rear derailleur cooperated therewith, comprising a base member, a movable member including a link set, and a chain guide member, wherein the shape of the joint portion of the upper portion of the base member and the frame in the rear derailleur The size matches the shape of the recess on the outside of the left rear end of the frame.
  • the base member is composed of an upper connecting piece and a lower portion, the upper connecting piece is movably coupled integrally with the lower portion, and the joint portion of the upper portion of the base member is disposed at the connection The upper part of the piece.
  • the frame is provided with a side recess at least at a rear shaft recess portion of the left rear end end for mounting the structure of the rear derailleur device; the structure is:
  • a rear derailleur tail hook mounted on the side recess on the left side of the frame, or
  • a rear positioning device positioning hole is disposed on a rear axle groove fitting, the rear axle groove fitting is mounted on the side recess on the left side of the frame; the rear shaft groove is provided with a fixing screw The hole, the rear shaft groove piece is fixed on the frame by a fixing screw; the fixing screw hole on the rear shaft groove piece and the thread of the positioning screw hole are right-handed.
  • the side recesses on the frame and the upper portion of the base member on the rear derailleur tail or rear derailleur of the split combination and the rear axle groove tabs all form a matching structure.
  • the same frame can be adapted to accommodate the combined use of various forms of rear deraille.
  • the left rear end and the rear rear end of the frame are rear.
  • Each of the shaft groove portions is provided with a side recess, and the two side recessed shapes are symmetrically arranged.
  • the upper part of the base member on the rear derailleur tail hook or the rear derailleur is matched and mounted on the side recess on one side of the frame, and the other is fixed.
  • a rear shaft groove fitting is fixed on the side recess, and a fixing screw hole is arranged on the rear shaft groove supporting piece, and the rear shaft groove fitting piece is fixed on the frame by a fixing screw; the rear shaft groove is fixed on the supporting piece
  • the thread of the screw hole and the positioning screw hole are right-handed; or,
  • Fixing screw holes are arranged on the two rear axle groove fittings, and the rear axle groove fittings are fixed on the frame by fixing screws; the fixing screw holes on the rear shaft groove fittings and the threads of the positioning screw holes are all Right-handed, two of the rear axle groove tabs are mounted in a matching manner on the side recesses on both sides of the frame body.
  • the upper and/or rear axle groove fitting structure of the base member on the rear derailleur tail hook and/or the rear derailleur can be configured to be the same and connected to the left and right rear end of the frame.
  • the side recesses are identically matched;
  • the upper and/or rear shaft groove fittings on the rear derailleur tail hook and/or the rear derailleur are fixed screw holes, positioning screw holes, and rear axles
  • the mating rear axle mounting groove is the same and is the same as the fixing screw hole on the frame, the positioning screw hole and the rear axle mounting groove matched with the rear axle, and the groove is fixed with the rear axle on the frame, the fixing screw hole and the positioning
  • the structure of the screw holes is also matched.
  • the left and right rear ends can be installed with the rear part of the rear derailleur tail hook or the rear derailleur base member, or the rear derailleur positioning hole can be formed to adapt to two different types.
  • the rear derailleur is used on the side of the frame.
  • assembling a left-drive bicycle with a rear derailleur connecting hole thread left-handed rear derailleur tail hook assembling a right-drive bicycle with a rear derailleur connecting hole thread right-handed rear derailleur tail hook, while not After the installation, the side of the other side of the tailstock hook is recessed and fixed with a rear axle groove fitting.
  • the rear groove groove fitting is installed to make the side surface flat, so that the locking abutment surface of the nut of the fixed rear shaft is a plane, and the locking effect is ensured.
  • the rear axle groove fitting can be provided on the side recess on the side frame of the fixed rear derailleur, and the recess of the other side frame is set. Another rear axle groove is fitted, in which case there are two rear axle groove tabs.
  • the rear derailleur cooperates therewith, including a base member, a movable member including a link set and a chain guide member, the base member being mounted on the vehicle
  • the upper portion of the base member is recessed and fixed to the side surface of the corresponding side of the frame.
  • connection structure of the rear derailleur and the frame can be improved.
  • the base member of the rear derailleur is connected to the frame through the rear derailleur tail hook.
  • Such a connection structure is complicated, and now:
  • the connecting piece on the upper part of the base member is matched with the side recess of the frame so that the base member is directly coupled to the frame;
  • the rear derailleur tail hook can be eliminated, and the upper part of the connecting piece of the base member in the rear derailleur can be made to correspond to the shape of the side recess of the frame, and the base member can be directly fixed in the side recess of the frame.
  • connection structure of the multi-stage large sprocket and the crank also changes accordingly.
  • the pedal mounting hole of the crank is right-handed, and in order to adapt to the left-drive outer shift bicycle,
  • the crank that is integrated with the multi-stage and large-size sprocket of the second-level or higher is used as the left crank when it is mounted on the bicycle, that is, the part where the crank is combined with the multi-stage large sprocket of the second or higher level is located on the right side of the crank, so
  • the thread of the foot mounting hole on the left crank that is integrally fixed with the sprocket is left-handed.
  • the multi-stage flywheel can be a rotary multi-stage flywheel, the locking sprocket of the rotary multi-stage flywheel, the assembly thread of the flywheel seat and the rear hub are left-handed; the one-way on the flywheel seat The clutch wire assembly thread is right-handed; the one-way clutch has a left-handed lock and a right-handed slide.
  • the multi-stage flywheel can also be a card type multi-stage flywheel, and the sprocket lock cover thread of the card type multi-stage flywheel is left-handed.
  • the rear hub is a card type hub with a tower base (flywheel seat) with a one-way clutch built therein, and the one-way clutch is locked in a left-handed direction, and the sliding direction is a right-handed, flywheel seat.
  • the upper sprocket locking cover thread is left-handed.
  • the multi-stage flywheel and the rear bicycle hub are connected to the left and right.
  • the card type hub comprises an inner and outer hub body assembled together, a bearing, a rear axle, a flywheel seat and a one-way clutch, wherein the flywheel seat is located on a left side of the outer hub body, the single The lock to the clutch is left-handed and the sliding direction is right-handed.
  • a coupling portion of the one-way clutch and the flywheel seat is located at a right portion of the flywheel seat.
  • the card type hub includes inner and outer hubs connected by bearings, and a coupling portion of the outer hub body and the one-way clutch is located at a left portion of the outer hub body.
  • the internal thread of the sprocket locking cover of the locking card type multi-stage flywheel on the left side of the flywheel seat is left-handed.
  • the derailleur is a prior art and typically includes a base member, a movable member including a link set, and a chain guide member.
  • the base member is fixed on the frame, the movable member is connected to the base member, the chain guiding member is connected to the movable member, the chain guiding member controls the chain, and the shift control device is connected with the derailleur to make the chain
  • the guide member operates to switch the chain between the plurality of sprockets. In order to adapt to the left-hand drive bicycle, the derailleur has also changed accordingly.
  • the front and rear deraille are suitable for the left-hand drive bicycle, and are mounted on the left side of the bicycle corresponding to the large sprocket and the multi-stage flywheel.
  • the rear derailleur includes a base member, a movable member including a link set, and a chain guide member, the base member is mounted outside the left rear end of the frame, and the components in the rear derailleur are
  • the assembled structure on the bicycle is that the base member and the movable member are both located at the upper left of the chain guiding member; and/or,
  • the base member and the movable member are in an upper right lower left position relationship; the movable member and the chain guide member are in a top left and bottom right position relationship.
  • a coupling point of the movable member and the base member is located at a rear portion of the movable member, and a coupling point of the movable member and the chain guide member is located at a right of the movable member Side front.
  • a coupling point of the chain guiding member and the movable member is located at an upper left portion of the chain guiding member, and the chain guiding member and the movable member are movably coupled to a lower right upper left.
  • a coupling point of the base member and the movable member is located at a lower left side of the base member, and the base member and the movable member are movably coupled to an upper right lower left.
  • the base member and the bicycle frame are coupled to each other, and the base member of the base member includes a mounting shaft screw.
  • the base member and the bicycle frame are movably coupled to each other, and the thread of the mounting shaft screw is left-handed.
  • the shape dimension of the upper portion of the base member and the frame joint portion matches the concave shape of the outer left rear end of the frame.
  • the base member is composed of an upper connecting piece and a lower portion, and the upper connecting piece is movably connected integrally with the lower portion, and the joint portion of the upper portion of the base member is disposed on the connecting piece The upper part.
  • the front derailleur includes a base member, a movable member including a link set, and a chain guide member, and the assembly structure of each member on the bicycle is such that the base member is located on the right side of the chain guide member.
  • the base member and the movable member including the link group have a right-left positional relationship; the movable member and the chain guide have a right-left positional relationship.
  • One is a push-down type front derailleur, wherein the base member is located at a right upper side of the chain guide member, and/or the base member and the movable member are in a right front left rear rear position relationship; The movable member and the chain guide are in an upper right lower left position relationship.
  • the second is a flat push type front derailleur, wherein the base member, the movable member and the chain guide member are disposed in a positional relationship from the right to the left.
  • the use of the left-hand drive bicycle is characterized in that it is suitable for use by a right-handed person.
  • the multi-stage flywheel for the left-drive externally-shifted bicycle is a multi-stage flywheel for assembling a left-drive externally-shifted bicycle, and is characterized in that the sprocket piece of the multi-stage flywheel is according to the left and right The order is arranged in order.
  • the multi-stage flywheel is a rotary multi-stage flywheel, the locking sprocket piece of the rotary multi-stage flywheel, the assembly thread of the flywheel seat and the rear hub with the one-way clutch are left-handed, and the one-way clutch wire block assembly thread is right. Rotating, the one-way clutch, the lock steering is left-handed, and the sliding steering is right-handed; or
  • the multi-stage flywheel is a card type multi-stage flywheel, and the sprocket lock cover thread of the card type multi-stage flywheel is left-handed.
  • the multi-stage flywheel and the rear bicycle hub are connected to the left and right.
  • the multi-stage flywheel is divided into two categories: 1) a rotary multi-stage flywheel; 2) a card-type multi-stage flywheel:
  • the structure of the rotary multi-stage flywheel includes a flywheel seat (containing a one-way clutch), a sprocket piece, a washer, and a locking sprocket. Said The locking sprocket of the rotary multi-stage flywheel, the assembly thread of the flywheel seat and the rear hub including the one-way clutch are left-handed, the one-way clutch wire assembly thread is right-handed, and the one-way clutch has its locking steering For left-handed rotation, the sliding steering is right-handed.
  • the card type multi-stage flywheel has a structure including a sprocket set, a sprocket and a sprocket locking cover.
  • the sprocket locking cover thread of the card type multi-stage flywheel is left-handed.
  • the multi-stage flywheel suitable for the left-hand drive bicycle and the rear drum of the bicycle are connected to the left and right, and are installed on the left rear inner side of the left-hand drive bicycle frame corresponding to the large sprocket on the left side of the bicycle.
  • the invention is directed to a group of bicycle athletes and bicycle enthusiasts who are keen on the extreme transformation of bicycles and pursues the speed of riding, and is based on the physiological characteristics of the population of the right-handed majority of the majority of the population. Improvements in power input and output structure settings.
  • the present invention is based on the following two findings:
  • the current right-hand drive bicycle that is, the large sprocket and the small sprocket are disposed on the right side of the bicycle and connected by a chain.
  • the large sprocket, the double crank and the double pedal form the bicycle axle power input.
  • the large sprocket and the right crank are combined.
  • the drive structure on the right side as : a set of single levers or direct levers; the crank on the left side is indirectly combined with the large sprocket through the central axis, and the force point on the left crank end and the force point on the large sprocket when being stepped
  • the lateral distance is many times on the right side, and the middle shaft is mounted in the joint of the bicycle and supported by two sets of bearings. In order to maintain the flexibility of rotation, a certain gap must be preserved on the rotating surface.
  • the drive structure on the left including the central axis, large sprocket
  • the loss is very small and negligible.
  • the pedal force received by the left crank is transmitted to the large sprocket, the loss is much larger than the right side.
  • the middle joint of the bicycle is bound to be twisted by the middle shaft during riding.
  • This twisting force comes from three places: a) large sprocket, the twisting force a direction is roughly right rear; b) left crank, twisting force b direction Roughly left front; c) right crank, the twisting force c direction is roughly right front.
  • the twisting force a is always present in the riding pedal; the twisting force b is generated when the left crank is descending; the twisting force c is generated when the right crank is descending.
  • the twisting force a and the twisting force b are mutually reinforcing relationships, and more pedaling forces are lost; the twisting force a and the twisting force c are mutually canceled, and the loss of the pedaling force is reduced.
  • the result is directly expressed as the lower left pedal resistance of the bicycle is greater than the right side.
  • the left lower pedal resistance of the bicycle is greater than about 3% of the right side. Therefore, when the pedal portion directly detects the pedaling force of the rider, even if the left and right side speeds of the rider are completely the same, the left pedaling force must be greater than the right side.
  • the Applicant has found that when the right foot is pedaling a bicycle (whether left or right), the roundness of the crank half-cycle movement when the right foot is stepping down is better than the roundness of the crank half-cycle movement when the left foot is stepping down (the smoothness is One of the criteria for measuring the level of pedaling action). At the same time, the operating speed of the right half is slightly faster than the speed of the left half.
  • the left-handed variable-speed bicycle suitable for the right-handed people sets the crank with a large resistance to the right side, so that the right-footed rider can fully exert the ability of the right lower limb's dominant side and drive the left lower limb.
  • the power output of the right foot should be about 3% higher than the left foot under the condition that the left foot power output is constant. This increase in overall power output is equivalent to a 25-50% weight reduction of the bicycle, which can increase the rider's riding speed by about 1%, which can be felt by high-level bicycle riders. This is an improvement between "perceived improvement" and "tested improvement.”
  • the benefits of cycling are self-evident.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a left-hand drive bicycle adapted for use by a right-handed person according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a frame of a rear derailleur tailstock integrally formed on a frame of a left-hand drive bicycle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a multi-purpose vehicle frame provided with side recesses on both left and right rear ends according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of the rear end of the rear derailleur coupled to the left rear end of the multi-purpose frame.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural schematic view of a frame suitable for a left-drive externally-shifted bicycle, which is constructed by combining a rear rear derailleur tail hook and a rear axle groove fitting on the multi-purpose frame shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural schematic view of a frame suitable for a right-drive externally-shifted bicycle, which is constructed by combining the rear rear derailleur tail hook and the rear axle groove fitting on the multi-purpose frame shown in FIG. 3.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the rear groove fitting in the left rear end of the multi-purpose frame.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the frame of the multi-purpose frame shown in FIG. 3 combined with the split rear axle groove fitting, which is suitable for both the left-drive outer shift bicycle and the right-drive outer shift bicycle.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a crank sprocket of a left-drive outer shift bicycle according to the present invention.
  • 10 and 10a are schematic views of the front view and the side view of the rotary flywheel.
  • 11 and 11a are schematic views showing the front view and the side view of the card flywheel.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bicycle card type hub equipped with a card type flywheel.
  • Figure 13, Figure 13a, Figure 14, and Figure 14a show two types of left-hand drive bicycles provided in the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 and 15a are partial front and side views showing a rear derailleur mounted on a rear derailleur tail hook of the frame shown in Fig. 2 provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a partial front elevational view showing another rear derailleur mounted on the rear derailleur tail hook of the multi-purpose frame shown in Figure 5 provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a fixed-type rear-end derailleur for a left-hand drive according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 17a shows the case where it is mounted on the left rear side recess of the multi-purpose frame shown in Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 17b is a schematic structural view of a fixed connection rear derailleur for a right-hand drive according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 17c shows the case where it is mounted on the right rear side recess of the multi-purpose frame shown in Fig. 3.
  • 18 and 18a are schematic diagrams showing the front view and the side view of the front derailleur in the left-hand drive bicycle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of a left-drive internal shift bicycle suitable for a right-handed person in the present invention.
  • 20 is a schematic structural view of a rear axle internal transmission suitable for the installation of a left-drive internal shift bicycle according to the present invention.
  • the left-hand drive bicycle suitable for the right-handed person in the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and includes a frame 1 on which a shift controller 2 is disposed, and the frame 1 is provided with a center shaft 3 and a center shaft. 3 is provided with a multi-stage large sprocket 4, which is placed on the left side of the frame 1, and a crank 5 is disposed on the left side of the large sprocket 4, and the crank 5 is integrally integrated with the large sprocket 4, in the middle
  • Another crank 6 is disposed at the right end of the shaft 3, and an ankle 7 is disposed on the crank 5 and the crank 6, respectively.
  • a rear hub (including a rear axle) 8 is provided on the frame 1 to support the rear wheel.
  • a multi-stage flywheel 9 is disposed on the rear hub 8, and the multi-stage flywheel 9 is disposed on the left rear inner side of the frame 1 to correspond to the front and rear of the large sprocket 4.
  • a chain 10 is placed over the large sprocket 4 and the multi-stage flywheel 9.
  • a rear derailleur connection end is provided on the lower left rear end of the frame 1, which may be a rear derailleur tail hook 101 (see FIG. 2), and a rear derailleur connection is provided on the rear derailleur tail hook 101.
  • the hole 1011 is for connecting the rear derailleur 11, and the front derailleur 12 is also connected to the middle lower portion of the frame 1.
  • the left-drive externally-shifted bicycle provided by the present invention has some changes in the components related to the driving device because of the left shift of the driving device.
  • the following describes the structure of the changed component changes as follows:
  • the change of the frame 1 is due to the change in the position of the rear derailleur 11.
  • the existing frame is provided with a rear derailleur tail hook at the right rear end thereof, a connecting hole is provided on the rear derailleur tail hook for connecting the rear derailleur, and another rear derailleur is installed,
  • a positioning hole is arranged at the right rear end of the frame, and the rear derailleur is fixed by passing the rear shaft and the positioning bolt through the positioning hole.
  • these structures for mounting the rear derailleur are moved to the left rear end of the frame 1.
  • a rear derailleur tail hook 101 is disposed at the left rear end of the frame 1, which is integrally disposed on the frame 1, and a rear derailleur connecting hole is disposed on the rear derailleur tail hook 101. 1011, used to connect the rear derailleur 11.
  • a positioning hole is arranged at the corresponding position of the left rear end of the frame 1, and the rear derailleur is stuck behind On the shaft, and screw the locating hole through the screw on the rear derailleur to accurately align the rear derailleur Positioned on the frame 1.
  • the multipurpose frame 1 is in the recess.
  • a positioning fixed double-acting hole 100a and a fixing hole 100b are disposed at 100, and a groove 100c that cooperates with the rear shaft is also disposed at the side recess.
  • a split rear derailleur tail hook 101 is provided, as shown in FIG. 4, which is provided with a positioning hole 101a, a fixing hole 101b, a rear axle groove 101c and a rear derailleur.
  • the connecting hole 1011 is provided with screws in the positioning holes 101a and 101b.
  • the screws are inserted through the positioning fixed double-acting holes 100a and the fixing holes 100b of the frame 1, and the rear derailleur tail hooks are fixed to the left of the multi-purpose frame 1.
  • the depressed portion on the back side is as shown in FIG.
  • a split rear axle groove fitting 102 may also be provided.
  • the rear axle groove fitting 102 is provided with a positioning hole 102a, a fixing hole 102b and a groove 102c, and a side recess on the multi-purpose frame 1 and positioning thereon.
  • the fixed double-acting hole 100a and the fixed hole 100b correspond to each other as shown in FIGS. 3 and 7. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and FIG.
  • the right rear end of the multi-purpose frame 1 is also provided with a side recess 200 which is symmetrical with the side recessed shape of the left rear end, and is also provided with a positioning fixed double-acting hole 200a and fixed. Hole 200b and groove 200c.
  • a rear axle groove fitting 102 (see FIG. 5) is fixed to the right rear side recess 200 so that the right rear end side surface is flush, so that the nut of the fixed rear axle is stabilized.
  • the rear derailleur tail hook 101' can be mounted on the right rear side recess 200, and the connecting hole on the rear derailleur tail hook 101' is a right-handed thread, and the side recess on the left rear side is recessed 100.
  • the rear axle groove fitting 102 is fixed on the upper side (as shown in FIG. 6).
  • the shape of the side recesses on the left and right sides of the multi-purpose frame 1 is symmetrically arranged, and while the multi-purpose frame is provided, a rear derailleur tail hook 101 and a rear axle groove fitting 102 are provided, which can The multi-purpose frame is suitable for both left and right drive situations.
  • a positioning hole is provided at the left rear end of the multi-purpose frame 1. It is also possible to provide a side recess as described above on the left and right ends of the multi-purpose frame, and a rear axle groove fitting 102 having a fixing hole, a positioning hole and a groove is fixed thereon, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 13 . As shown in Fig. 13a, the rear derailleur is clamped on the rear axle, and the positioning hole on the rear derailleur corresponds to the positioning hole on the rear axle groove fitting, and is positioned by the threading screw.
  • the multi-purpose frame 1 incorporating the rear axle groove fitting 102 can also be made to be suitable for both left and right driving frames, and is coupled to the side recesses on both sides of the rear end of the multi-purpose frame 1 shown in FIG.
  • the two rear axle groove tabs 102 as shown in Fig. 8, can be adapted to be mounted on the left rear end of the utility vehicle frame and the rear derailleur fixed to the rear axle at the right rear end of the frame.
  • the hook 101 constitutes a shift bicycle frame that is universally used for left and right drives.
  • the multi-speed shifting large sprocket 4 mounted on the center shaft is shown in FIG. 9. It is necessary to change that the left crank 5 is integrally fixed with the large sprocket 4, and the pedal mounting hole provided on the left crank 5 is required. 501 is a left-handed thread.
  • connection point of the crank 5 and the large sprocket 4 is located on the right side of the crank 5 (as shown in Fig. 1).
  • the multi-stage flywheel 9 can be a rotary multi-stage flywheel 9a. As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 10a, the assembly threads of the locking sprocket piece 901a and the flywheel seat 901b of the rotary multi-stage flywheel 9a are left-handed, one-way clutch wire. The 901c assembly thread is right-handed.
  • the rotary multi-stage flywheel 9a is connected to the bicycle rear hub 8 via a flywheel seat 901b having a one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch has a left-handed locking direction and a right-handed sliding direction.
  • the multi-stage sprocket piece of the rotary multi-stage flywheel is set on the flywheel seat outer casing 901b, and the sprocket pieces are arranged in order according to the order of the left small and the right, the washer keeps a certain gap for each sprocket piece, and the sprocket piece 901a is locked.
  • the multi-stage sprocket piece is fixed by the screw in combination with the flywheel housing 901b.
  • the assembly threads of the locking sprocket piece 901a and the flywheel housing 901b and the flywheel seat core are left-handed.
  • the flywheel seat core is coupled with the left and right sides of the bicycle rear drum by the left-hand thread to connect the rotary multi-stage flywheel 9 with the bicycle rear wheel.
  • the ratchet (one-way clutch) has a pawl locking direction of left-handed rotation and a right-handed sliding direction. Therefore, it is ensured that the rear wheel of the left-hand drive bicycle can still rotate forward when the rotary multi-stage flywheel 9a stops rotating.
  • the one-way clutch wire 901c and the flywheel seat core are assembled by right-handed threads.
  • the multi-stage flywheel 9 can also be a card type multi-stage flywheel 9b as shown in Figures 11 and 11a.
  • the sprocket lock cover 9b1 of the card type multi-stage flywheel 9b is left-handed.
  • the card type multi-stage flywheel 9b is set on the flywheel base (tower base) 805 of the cassette hub 8 and the one-way clutch 806 is provided in the cassette hub 8 flywheel seat (tower base) 805, and the one-way clutch 806 is locked. It is left-handed and the sliding direction is right-handed, as shown in Figure 12.
  • the multi-stage flywheel 9 can also be a card type multi-stage flywheel.
  • the present invention provides a card type multi-stage flywheel 9b, and the sprocket set is set on the flywheel seat 805 of the cassette hub 8 .
  • the sprocket pieces are sequentially arranged in the order of left small and right (see Fig. 12), the thread of the sprocket lock cover 9b1 is left-handed, and the sprocket lock cover 9b1 is combined with the internal thread of the top of the flywheel seat 805 to fix the sprocket set at
  • the card-shaped hub is on the left side.
  • the card type hub 8 is also a special hub for the left-drive externally-shifted bicycle.
  • the one-way clutch in the sprocket seat 805 is locked in a left-handed direction and the sliding direction is a right-handed rotation. Therefore, it is ensured that the rear wheel of the left-hand drive bicycle can still rotate forward when the card-type multi-stage flywheel 9b stops rotating.
  • FIG. 12 it is a schematic view of the structure of the card-shaped hub 8 , 801 is the inner hub of the card-shaped hub, 802 is the outer hub of the card-shaped hub, 803 is the bearing, 804 is the rear axle, 805 is the flywheel seat, and 806 is the one-way.
  • Clutch, 9b1 is a card type multi-stage flywheel locking sprocket cover.
  • the cassette hub 8 is connected to the inner hub body 801 and the outer hub body 802 via a bearing 803.
  • the flywheel seat 805 is located on the left side of the outer hub body 802, and the cassette hub outer hub body 802 and the flywheel seat 805 are rotatably coupled by a one-way clutch 806. .
  • the coupling portion of the flywheel seat 805 and the one-way clutch 806 is located at the right portion of the flywheel seat 805, and the coupling portion of the outer hub body 802 and the one-way clutch 806 is located at the left portion of the outer hub body 802. Since the one-way clutch 806 locks the leftward rotation and the sliding steering is the right-handed rotation, when the card-type multi-stage flywheel 9b mounted on the flywheel seat 805 does not rotate, the rear wheel 13 mounted on the outer hub of the cassette hub can still be turned toward Front rotation (see Figure 1 and Figure 12).
  • the thread of the card type multi-stage flywheel locking sprocket cover 9b1 is left-handed, and when it is locked with the internal thread of the left side of the flywheel seat 805, the card type multi-stage flywheel 9b can be fixed to the flywheel seat 805.
  • the left-hand thread prevents the card-type multi-stage flywheel locking sprocket cover 9b1 from loosening when the rear wheel 13 is rotated forward.
  • the front derailleur 12 and the rear derailleur 11 applied to the large sprocket 4 on the center shaft 3 and the multi-stage flywheel 9 on the rear hub 8 are mounted on the left side of the bicycle and the corresponding large sprocket 4 and multi-stage The flywheel 9 corresponds.
  • a rear derailleur 11 is mounted on the multi-purpose frame 1 as shown in Fig. 8, and the rear derailleur 11 includes a base member 111, a movable member 112, and a chain guiding member 113 mounted on the rear axle groove fitting 102 fixed on the side recess of the left rear side of the utility vehicle 1 and positioned by a screw on the positioning hole 102a, the movable member 112 is movably coupled to a base member 111 that is coupled to a moveable member 112 that engages a chain to selectively cause the chain when the moveable member 112 moves relative to the base member 111 Switching between the plurality of sprockets of the multi-stage flywheel 9.
  • the base member 111 and the movable member 112 are in an upper right lower left position relationship; the movable member 112 and the chain guide member 113 are in a top left lower right position relationship.
  • a rear derailleur 11 comprising a base member 111, a movable member 112 and a chain guide member 113, the upper half of which is a connecting piece 111a, which is directly fixed. It is mounted on the rear axle groove piece 102 on the multi-purpose frame 1 and is positioned by the screw on the positioning hole 102a.
  • the lower half 111b thereof can be rotated relative to the multi-purpose frame 1 by a certain extent, the movable member 112 Movably coupled to a lower portion 111b of the base member 111, the movable member 112 is movably coupled to the base member 111, the chain guide member 113 coupled to the movable member 112, the chain guide member 113 engaging the chain to The chain is selectively transitioned between the plurality of sprockets of the multi-stage flywheel 9 as the movable member 112 moves relative to the base member 111.
  • the base member 111 and the movable member 112 are in the upper right lower left position relationship; the movable member 112 and the chain guide member 113 are in the upper left lower right position relationship.
  • FIG. 15 and 15a shows a rear derailleur 11 mounted on the rear derailleur tail hook 101 on the frame 1 shown in FIG. 2, which includes a base member 111, a movable member 112 and a chain.
  • the guiding member 113, the upper part of the base member 111 is a connecting piece 111a, which is directly fixedly mounted on the rear derailleur tail hook 101 of the frame, and the lower half 111b thereof can be made to a certain extent with respect to the frame 1 Rotating, the movable member 112 is movably coupled to the lower half 111b of the base member 111, and the chain guide member 113 is coupled to the movable member 112, which is coupled to the chain to move the movable member 112 relative to the base member
  • the 111 selectively shifts the chain between the plurality of sprockets of the multi-stage flywheel.
  • FIG. 16 shows the structure of the rear derailleur 11 mounted on the multi-purpose frame 1 shown in FIG. 5, and the rear derailleur 11 adjusts the adjustment cable combined with the different serial discs on the multi-stage flywheel 9.
  • the 114 is fixed to the multi-purpose frame 1.
  • the rear derailleur of the rear derailleur is connected to the screw hole 1011, and the rear derailleur 11 is movably connected to the rear derailleur tail hook by the mounting shaft bolt.
  • Rear derailleur link on rear derailleur tail hook 101 for left-hand drive bicycle frame The thread of the screw hole 1011 is left-handed.
  • the member 111' includes an upper connecting piece 111a' and a lower portion 111b', and the upper connecting piece 111a' and the multi-purpose frame 1 joint portion are matched with the left side side recess of the multi-purpose frame 1 such that the base member 111' Directly integrated on the multi-purpose frame 1.
  • Fig. 17b and Fig. 17c it is a uniform connection type tab-mounted rear derailleur 11' designed for a right-drive bicycle, wherein the base member 111' includes an upper connecting piece 111a' and a lower portion 111b'.
  • the joint portion 111a' of the upper portion and the multi-purpose frame 1 are matched with the side recesses of the right side of the multi-purpose frame 1 so that the base member 111' is directly coupled to the multi-purpose frame 1 and mounted in The side surface outside the right rear end of the multi-purpose frame 1 shown in FIG. 3 is recessed.
  • the front derailleur 12 is as shown in FIGS. 18 and 18a, and the front derailleur 12 includes a base member 121, a movable member 122 and a chain guide member 123, and the base member 121 is mounted on the frame 1.
  • the moveable member 122 is coupled to a base member 121 that is coupled to a moveable member 122 that engages a chain to selectively cause the moveable member 122 to move relative to the base member 121
  • the chain is switched between a plurality of sprockets of the multi-speed shifting large sprocket 4.
  • the base member 121 is located on the upper right side of the chain guide member 123, and the base member 121 and the movable member 122 are in a right front left rear rear position relationship; the movable member 122 and the chain guide 123 are In the right-left positional relationship, the movable member 122 is on the upper right side of the chain guide.
  • the left-drive internal shift bicycle provided by the present invention is provided with a large sprocket 202 on the left side of the bicycle center shaft 201.
  • the large sprocket 202 is integrally connected with a crank 203, and the crank 203 is connected with a pedal snail.
  • the hole is a left-handed thread.
  • the rear axle of the bicycle is the rear axle internal transmission 204.
  • the configuration of the rear axle internal transmission 204 needs to be varied for the left drive bicycle.
  • the sprocket 204a of the internal transmission 204 is located at the left end of the transmission and is controlled by the one-way clutch in the rear axle transmission 204. Left-handed, the sliding steering is right-handed.

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Abstract

一种适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，为左驱动外变速自行车时，其中轴（3）上的多级大链轮（4）设在车架（1）左侧，左曲柄（5）与大链轮（4）固定为一体；后花鼓（8）左侧上的多级飞轮（9）设在车架（1）左后内侧，多级飞轮（9）与后花鼓（8）之间单向离合器（806）的锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋，与多级大链轮（4）和/或多级飞轮（9）对应的前拨链器（12）和/或后拨链器（11）设在车架（1）左侧，车架（1）左后尾端设有用于安装后拨链装置的结构，其中多级飞轮（9）的链轮片按照左小右大的次序依次排列组合；为左驱动内变速自行车时，在中轴（201）上的大链轮（202）设在车架左侧，后轴内变速器（204）的链轮（204a）位于内变速器的左端，与大链轮（202）对应，后轴内变速器（204）内的单向离合器控制链轮（204a）锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋。上述左驱动变速自行车的力量传递更加有效，蹬踏速度更快。

Description

适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车 技术领域
本发明涉及一种自行车，尤其是提供一种适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车。本发明还涉及上述左驱动变速自行车的应用以及一种左驱动外变速自行车用的多级飞轮。
背景技术
自行车是一种普通又极为普及的个人机械用品，在世界上它的保有量和使用者均是数以亿计。对自行车本身的改进自其诞生以来的二百多年里也从未间断。随着社会的发展，自行车作为运动器械、健身器材和娱乐工具的作用在不断的提高，这也为自行车性能的提高进行极致化改造提供了动力。1940年，坎帕纽罗(Tullio Campagnolo)推出的变速系统标志着竞技自行车变速时代的开始。与单速自行车相比，有手动拨链器的变速自行车，对于提高骑行速度的作用十分显著。这是一个能够被骑车人明确感受到的“感知型”改进。这类改进在近半个世纪以来是罕见的了。还有一些改进，例如用高级优质陶瓷滚珠制造轴承，“板式轮”、“刀轮”，车架采用流线型管材，用碳纤维或钛合金制造车架等等，这类改进，对降低自行车的骑行阻力，提高骑行速度的作用可以说是微乎其微，大多只能通过精细测试予以证明，此类改进可以称之为“测试型改进”。虽然此类改进效果不很明显，但自行车领域为此付出的科研投入巨大，经济代价不菲。如果把自行车只作为个人日常交通工具使用，这些“测试型改进”都可以弃之不用。但是，作为极力追求提高骑行速度的自行车运动员和自行车爱好者们，对这类改进仍趋之若鹜。对这个群体而言，自行车的改进如果能将自己的骑行速度提高0.1s/km，都是天大的福音。因为在自行车竞速赛中，0.1秒的差别可以是冠军与第10名的差距！例如08年北京奥运会男子公路(245.4公里)自行车决赛第1至6名成绩均为6小时23分49秒，其名次只能依靠终点线端的高速摄影画面中的毫厘之差来确定。
现有技术中，自行车中的驱动装置基本都是设置在右侧，只有BMX自行车(单速)和供双人及多人共同骑行的自行车有左驱装置出现过。有人为左利足人设计过左驱单速自行车，但未见此类商品面世。部分街式BMX自行车将驱动设置于左侧，同时在自行车右外侧安装踏筒，以供做技巧动作习惯于用右腿在前的骑行者使用，其目的是避免大链轮在做特定特技动作时被损坏。供双人及多人共同骑行的自行车设置左驱装置的同时，也设置了右驱装置，目的是协调多个驱动装置。如果有变速装置，其变速装置仍在右侧。自行车中的驱动装置设置在右侧，这个状况从1888年，英国考文垂市的约翰.k.斯塔利生产出第一辆现代自行车起就存在了，时间已经在百年以上。其最初的设计依据已经无从考证，但是，人们可能认为，驱动装置应该设置在骑行人腿足优势侧车架上。因此，现在绝大多数自行车驱动装置在右侧，适应右利足人群使用，而对于左利足人群，又设计出驱动装置在左侧的自行车。从充分利用利足优势以提高骑行速度角度考虑，这一观点是一种误解，自行车的驱动装置设置在车架的人腿足优势侧对于充分发挥优势侧能力以提高车速是不利的。
针对上述问题，也是改变世人对于自行车结构设计的一个根本性技术偏见，提供一种在力量传递上更加合理，能够充分发挥占人口多数的右利足者生理优势的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动外变速自行车，即将安装在中轴上的二级以上多级变速的大链轮设置在车架的左侧，左曲柄与该大链轮固为一体；相应地，安装在后轴上的多级变速装置(多级飞轮)设置在车架的左后内侧；对应地，所述中轴和后轴上变速装置的拨链器设置在车架的左侧。
本发明的主要目的在于改进现有技术的缺陷，改变世人对于自行车结构设计的一个根本性技术偏见，提供一种在力量传递上更加合理，能够充分发挥占人口多数的右利足者生理优势的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述左驱动变速自行车的应用。
本发明在一个目的是提供适用于组装左驱动外变速自行车用的多级飞轮，使左驱外变速自行车生产成为可能。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其中：左驱动外变速自行车的安装在中轴上的二级 以上多级的大链轮设置在车架的左侧，左曲柄与该大链轮固为一体；相应地，
安装在后花鼓上的多级飞轮设置在车架的左后内侧，
所述多级飞轮安装在后花鼓的左侧，与所述后花鼓之间的单向离合器的锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋；对应地，
与所述二级以上多级的大链轮和/或多级飞轮对应的前和/或后拨链器设置在车架的左侧；
所述车架左后尾端设有用于安装后拨链装置的结构；
变速自行车还有内变速自行车，内变速自行车是在后轴上设置后轴内变速器。作为本发明提供的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动内变速自行车，
安装在中轴上的大链轮设置在车架的左侧，
后轴内变速器的链轮位于内变速器的左端，与所述大链轮对应；
受后轴内变速器内的单向离合器控制链轮锁死转向为左旋，滑动转向为右旋。
对于左驱动外变速自行车，为了适应后轴上的多级飞轮移到左侧的情况，车架也有相应的变化。本左驱动外变速自行车，其中的车架为一可供组装左驱外变速自行车的车架，在车架左后尾端设有用于安装后拨链装置的结构。
所述车架左后尾端用于安装后拨链装置的所述结构可以为一后拨链器尾钩，该后拨链器尾钩上设有后拨链器连接孔，其为左旋螺孔，,与之相配的后拨链器，通过所述后拨链尾钩上的后拨链器连接孔定位在车架上。
设置于该车架左后尾端的所述后拨链器尾钩，可以是与车架分体制造的分体部件，其上有与车架连接固定的固定孔，通过螺栓与车架组合成一体；或者是一体地形成在所述车架上。
所述后拨链器尾钩上有后拨链器连接孔，作为分体部件，其上还有与车架连接固定的固定孔和定位孔。
所述车架左后尾端用于安装后拨链装置的结构也可以为一后拨链装置定位孔。与之相配的使用后轴处固定的后拨链器设置在后轴左侧，通过所述后拨链装置定位孔定位在车架上。
所述定位孔可以设置在一后轴凹槽配片上，所述后轴凹槽配片上有后轴安装凹槽，固定螺孔及定位螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺孔固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋；
该后轴凹槽配片与所述车架可拆地组合成一体，在车架的对应处有螺孔与该固定螺孔和定位螺孔连通。
所述车架左后尾端用于安装后拨链装置的结构也可以为车架左后尾端后轴凹槽部外侧的有螺孔的侧面凹陷。
与之配合的后拨链器，包括基座构件，含有连杆组的可移动构件和链条导向构件，所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件上部与所述车架结合部位的形状尺寸与所述车架左后尾端外侧的凹陷形状相匹配。如果所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件由上部连接片和下部组成,上部连接片与下部可动地连接为一体，所述基座构件上部的所述结合部位设置在所述连接片的上部。
所述车架至少在左后尾端的后轴凹槽部位设有一侧面凹陷，用于安装后拨链装置的所述结构；所述结构为：
一后拨链器尾钩，安装在车架左侧的侧面凹陷上，或者是，
一后拨链装置定位孔，设置在一后轴凹槽配片上，该后轴凹槽配片安装在所述车架上左侧的所述侧面凹陷上；后轴凹槽配片上设置固定螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺丝固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋。
所述车架上的所述侧面凹陷与分体组合式的后拨链器尾钩或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部以及后轴凹槽配片均构成匹配结构。这样，可以使得同一车架能够适应多种形式的后拨链器的结合使用。另外，为了能够使得所述车架可以既适合本发明的左驱动外变速自行车，也能够适合现有技术中的右驱动外变速自行车，所述车架的左后尾端和右后尾端的后轴凹槽部位均设有一侧面凹陷，两侧面凹陷形状尺寸对称设置，
一后拨链器尾钩或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部匹配地安装在车架上一侧的侧面凹陷上固定，另一 侧面凹陷上固定一后轴凹槽配片，后轴凹槽配片上设置固定螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺丝固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋；或者，
两个后轴凹槽配片上设置固定螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺丝固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋，两个所述后轴凹槽配片安匹配地装在所述车架主体上两侧的侧面凹陷上。
即：可配置所述后拨链器尾钩和/或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部和/或后轴凹槽配片结构相同且与的所述车架左右后尾端连接的结构例如？侧面凹陷是相同匹配的；所述后拨链器尾钩和/或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部和/或后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔、定位螺孔和与后轴配合的后轴安装凹槽相同且与车架上的固定螺孔、定位螺孔和与后轴配合的后轴安装凹槽相同且与车架上的后轴安装凹槽，固定螺孔及定位螺孔的的结构也是匹配的。
这样，在一个车架上，左右后尾端都可以安装后拨链器尾钩或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部，也可以形成后拨链器定位孔，以适应两种不同的后拨链器在车架一侧的使用。
同时，可以使得一个车架对应一个后拨链器连接孔螺纹为左旋的后拨链器尾钩、一个后拨链器连接孔螺纹为右旋的后拨链器尾钩以及两个相同的后轴凹槽配片，就可以适应左驱动外变速和右驱动外变速自行车连接各种类型后拨链器的使用。
例如，组装左驱动自行车用一个后拨链器连接孔螺纹左旋的后拨链器尾钩，组装右驱动自行车用一个后拨链器连接孔螺纹右旋的后拨链器尾钩，而在未安装后拨链器尾钩的另一侧的侧面凹陷上固定一后轴凹槽配片即可。安装后轴凹槽配片是为了让该侧面成为平面，使得固定后轴的螺母的锁紧抵靠面为一平面，保证锁紧效果。
又如，如果使用后轴处固定的后拨链器，可以在固定后拨链器的一侧车架上的侧面凹陷处设置后轴凹槽配片，在另一侧车架的凹陷处设置另一个后轴凹槽配片，这时，有两个后轴凹槽配片就可以了。
对于在车架两侧设置对称的侧面凹陷的情形，与之配合的后拨链器，包括基座构件，含有连杆组的可移动构件和链条导向构件，该基座构件安装在所述车架上，该基座构件的上部与所述车架上相应侧的所述侧面凹陷匹配固定。
这样，可以对于后拨链器和车架的连接结构进行改进。现有技术中，后拨链器的基座构件通过后拨链器尾钩与车架连接，这样的连接结构比较复杂，现在：
连接片固定式的所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件上部的连接片与所述车架的侧面凹陷相匹配，以使得所述基座构件直接结合在车架上；
这样，就可以取消后拨链器尾钩，将后拨链器中基座构件的连接片上部做成与车架侧面凹陷的形状对应，让基座构件直接嵌入车架的侧面凹陷中固定。
对于左驱动变速自行车，为了适应中轴上的多级大链轮的左移，多级大链轮与曲柄的连接结构也有相应变化。
作为多级大链轮和曲柄的一体件，现有技术中，因为是右曲柄与多级大链轮固为一体，曲柄的脚踏安装孔为右旋，而为适应左驱动外变速自行车，与二级以上多级大链轮固为一体的曲柄在安装到自行车上时是作为左曲柄，即曲柄与二级以上的多级大链轮结合的部位位于曲柄的右侧，故而，与大链轮固为一体的左曲柄上的脚踏安装孔的螺纹为左旋。
对于左驱外变速自行车，所述多级飞轮可以为旋式多级飞轮，旋式多级飞轮的锁紧链轮片、飞轮座与后花鼓的装配螺纹均为左旋；飞轮座上的单向离合器丝挡装配螺纹为右旋；所述单向离合器，其锁死转向为左旋，滑动转向为右旋。
所述多级飞轮也可以为卡式多级飞轮，卡式多级飞轮的链轮锁盖螺纹为左旋。
与卡式多级飞轮相对应，其后花鼓为带有内装单向离合器的塔基(飞轮座)的卡式花鼓，其单向离合器的锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋，飞轮座上的链轮锁紧盖螺纹为左旋。
该多级飞轮与自行车后花鼓为左右连接。
所述卡式花鼓，包括装配在一起的内、外花鼓体，轴承，后轴，飞轮座和单向离合器，其特征在于，所述飞轮座位于所述外花鼓体的左侧，所述单向离合器的锁死转向为左旋,滑动转向为右旋。 所述单向离合器与所述飞轮座的联接部位位于所述飞轮座右部。
所述卡式花鼓包括通过轴承连接的内、外花鼓体，所述外花鼓体与所述单向离合器的联接部位位于所述外花鼓体左部。
所述飞轮座左侧的锁固卡式多级飞轮的链轮锁紧盖的内螺纹为左旋。
拨链器为现有技术，通常包括基座构件、含有连杆组的可移动构件和链条导向构件。基座构件固定在车架上，可移动构件连接在基座构件上，链条导向构件连接在可移动构件上，链条导向构件控制着链条，还设有变速控制装置与拨链器连接，使得链条导向构件动作而将链条在多个链轮之间转换。为了适应左驱变速自行车，拨链器也有相应变化。
适用于左驱外变速自行车的前、后拨链器，安装于自行车左侧与所述大链轮和多级飞轮相对应。
所述后拨链器，包括基座构件，含有连杆组的可移动构件和链条导向构件，该基座构件安装在所述车架左后尾端外侧，后拨链器中的各构件在自行车上的组装结构是：所述基座构件和可移动构件均位于所述链条导向构件的左上方；和/或，
所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件与可移动构件为右上左下位置关系；所述可移动构件与所述链条导向构件为左上右下位置关系。
对于后拨链器，其中，所述可移动构件与基座构件的联接点位于所述可移动构件后部，所述可移动构件与所述链条导向构件的联接点位于所述可移动构件右侧前部。
具体地，所述链条导向构件与所述可移动构件的联接点位于所述链条导向构件左侧上部，所述链条导向构件与所述可移动构件为右下左上可动联接。
所述基座构件与所述可移动构件的联接点位于基座构件左侧下部，所述基座构件与所述可移动构件为右上左下可动联接。
基座构件与自行车车架为左右联接，两者的所述基座构件含有安装轴螺丝的，基座构件与自行车车架为左右可动联接，所述安装轴螺丝的螺纹为左旋。
所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件上部与所述车架结合部位的形状尺寸与所述车架左后尾端外侧的凹陷形状相匹配。
所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件由上部连接片和下部组成,上部连接片与下部可动地连接为一体，所述基座构件上部的所述结合部位设置在所述连接片的上部。
所述前拨链器包括基座构件，含有连杆组的可移动构件和链条导向构件，各构件在自行车上的组装结构是：所述基座构件位于所述链条导向构件的右侧。
具体地，所述基座构件与所述含有连杆组的可移动构件为右左位置关系；所述可移动构件与所述链条导向件为右左位置关系。
更具体地，前拨链器有两种：
其一是下推型前拨链器，其中，所述基座构件位于所述链条导向构件的右上方，和/或，所述基座构件与所述可移动构件为右前左后位置关系；所述可移动构件与所述链条导向件为右上左下位置关系。
其二是平推型前拨链器，其中，基座构件、可移动构件和链条导向构件从右向左成川字位置关系设置。
一种所述的左驱动变速自行车的用途，其特征在于，适宜于右利足人群使用。
左驱动外变速自行车用的多级飞轮，为一可供组装左驱外变速自行车的多级飞轮，其特征是，其特征在于，所述多级飞轮的链轮片，按照左小右大的次序依次排列组合。
所述多级飞轮为旋式多级飞轮，旋式多级飞轮的锁紧链轮片、含单向离合器的飞轮座与后花鼓的装配螺纹均为左旋,单向离合器丝挡装配螺纹为右旋,所述单向离合器，其锁死转向为左旋，滑动转向为右旋；或者，
所述多级飞轮为卡式多级飞轮，卡式多级飞轮的链轮锁盖螺纹为左旋。
该多级飞轮与自行车后花鼓为左右连接。
具体的，所述多级飞轮分两类：1)旋式多级飞轮；2)卡式多级飞轮：
所述旋式多级飞轮其结构包括飞轮座(内含单向离合器)，链轮片，垫圈，锁紧链轮。所述 旋式多级飞轮的锁紧链轮片、含单向离合器的飞轮座与后花鼓的装配螺纹均为左旋,单向离合器丝挡装配螺纹为右旋,所述单向离合器，其锁死转向为左旋，滑动转向为右旋。
所述卡式多级飞轮其结构包括链轮组，链轮和链轮锁紧盖。所述卡式多级飞轮的链轮锁紧盖螺纹为左旋。
适用于左驱外变速自行车中的多级飞轮与自行车后花鼓为左右连接,安装于左驱外变速自行车车架左后内侧与自行车左侧的大链轮相对应。
本发明是针对骑车人群中自行车运动员和自行车爱好者们这样一个热衷于对自行车进行极致化改造、追求提高骑行速度的群体，是依据占人口大多数的右利足人群的生理特点对自行车动力输入、输出结构设置的改进。
本发明是基于如下两个发现：
一：许多自行车运动研究者在测试骑车人踏蹬力时都发现：左侧踏力大于右侧。为何如此却无准确的解释。如：罗炯的“自行车测试车研制及踏蹬技术诊断分析系统软件的开发”(北京体育大学2005，05，18)；吴翠娥，袁鹏，武桂新等的“不同踏蹬频率下自行车运动员踏蹬力研究”(体育与科学2007，1，(28))；张懿行的“不同传动比骑行时下肢肌肉工作和足底压力特征的研究”(北京体育大学2008，05，26)；曹成珠的“场地自行车运动员专项踏蹬力量的分析研究”(中国新技术新产品.2009，14)。其文中公布的测试结果都是左侧踏力大于右侧，但对产生此现象的原因都没有给出明确的答案。本申请的发明人发现:现在自行车的通行结构决定了自行车左侧下踏阻力大于右侧,原因有二(以现有的右驱动自行车为例)：
1)现在的右驱自行车，即大链轮与小链轮均设置于自行车右侧，并通过链条相连接。大链轮、双侧曲柄和双侧脚踏构成了自行车轮轴式动力输入器。通常大链轮与右曲柄是结合在一起的，在被踏动时右曲柄端的受力点与大链轮上的受力点二者的横向距离很小，我们把右侧的驱动结构定义为：一组单杠杆或称直接杠杆；左侧的曲柄是通过中轴与大链轮间接结合在一起，在被踏动时左曲柄端的受力点与大链轮上的受力点二者的横向距离是右侧的许多倍，且中轴安装于自行车中接头内受到两组轴承的支撑。为了保持转动的灵活性，必须在转动面保存一定的间隙。我们把左侧的驱动结构(含中轴，大链轮)定义为：一组双杠杆或间接杠杆。右侧曲柄受到的踏力，传递到大链轮上时，其损耗很小很小，可以忽略不计。而左侧曲柄受到的踏力传递到大链轮上时，其损耗比右侧大得多。
2)自行车的中接头在骑行中必然受到中轴的扭曲力，这种扭曲力来自3处：a)大链轮，扭曲力a方向大致为右后；b)左曲柄，扭曲力b方向大致为左前；c)右曲柄，扭曲力c方向大致为右前。扭曲力a在骑行踏蹬中始终都存在；扭曲力b在左曲柄下行时产生；扭曲力c在右曲柄下行时产生。扭曲力a与扭曲力b是相互增强的关系，会损耗更多的踏力；扭曲力a与扭曲力c是相互抵消的关系，会减少踏力的损耗。
综上所述，其结果直接表现为自行车左侧下踏阻力大于右侧，根据多位自行车运动研究者所做的测试结果推算，自行车左侧下踏阻力大于右侧3％左右。所以，在脚踏部直接检测骑车人下踏力时，即便骑车人的左右侧踏速完全一致，左侧踏力也必定要大于右侧。
二：人们早已知道人的上肢是有单侧优势的，大多数人都是右利手(上肢优势侧为右侧)；同样，人的下肢也是有单侧优势的，大多数人下肢的优势侧为右侧，亦称为右利足。但这点知道的人可能不多，1985年柏拉图(Plato)等对美国马里兰州一些白人针对含利手，利足等人类不对称行为特征进行过调查；我国学者在20世纪90年代开始对此进行了一些研究。如：艾清龙，王荪，蒲道学的“150例利足与利手的测定”([J]昆明医学院学报1991,12(1))；陆舜华，郑连斌，李咏兰等的“鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔族一侧优势功能特征研究”([J]遗传.2000.22(5))。但至今没有发现世界上有人对骑车人在踏蹬自行车中的利足状况进行过研究的报道。但是，现有技术中公开有相关信息：郑晓鸿，延烽的“当前我国场地自行车项目高水平女子运动员踏蹬状态的初步研究”(北京体育师范学院学报1997，6(9))；黎臣，刘英的“我国高水平女子场地500米计时项目自行车运动员踏蹬状态研究”(山东体育学院学报2007，4(23))；张懿行的“不同传动比骑行时下肢肌肉工作和足底压力特征的研究”(北京体育大学2008，05，26)；
各篇文章中所公布的测试结果都显示了大多数自行车运动员右好左差的踏蹬状况。
申请人对骑车人在踏蹬自行车中的利足状况进行了近两年的研究。通过测试进一步证实，这种右好左差状况不仅在右利足人骑右驱自行车时存在，在右利足人骑左驱自行车时依然存在。究其原因是：骑车人在自行车上所作的踏蹬动作的发力特点是很独特的，属于下肢的复杂随意动作，优势侧下肢能更好地完成它，是肢体单侧优势的体现，即使所遇到的阻力稍大时依然如此。本申请人发现：右利足人蹬踏自行车(无论是左驱或右驱)时，右足下踏时曲柄半周运动的圆滑度，要好于左足下踏时曲柄半周运动的圆滑度(圆滑度是衡量踏蹬动作水平高低的标准之一)。同时也表现为，右半周的运转速度要略略快于左半周的运转速度。
综上所述，现在自行车通行的右驱结构，对占人口大多数的右利足骑车人来讲，是个错误的结构。它就好比让一个善于挑担子的人(右下肢)挑一个比较轻的担子；而让另一个不善于挑担子的人(左下肢)挑一个比较重的担子。并且要求他们在同步前行的条件下，尽量快走。其结果必然是善挑担者比较轻松，但为了同步前行却不能发挥他的全力，而不善挑担者则为了同步前行尽全力而疲于奔命。二者的前进速度只能受限于不善挑担者的较差之能力。在自行车竞速赛这类经常要挑战运动员生理极限的体育比赛中，是不会容忍上述状况存在的，除非它未被发现！
适合右利足人群使用的左驱变速自行车将踏蹬阻力较大的曲柄设置于右侧，使右利足的骑车人能够更充分地发挥其右下肢优势侧的能力，并带动其左下肢能力的更有效地发挥。右利足的骑车人骑行左驱自行车时，在左足动力输出量不变的状况下，其右足动力输出量应比左足高3％左右。这种整体动力输出量的增加相当于将自行车减重25-50％，可以将骑行者的骑行速度提高1％左右，高水平的自行车骑行人是能够感受到的。这是一个介于“感知型改进”与“测试型改进”之间的改进。对于自行车竞技其益处是不言而喻的。
虽然将现有的变速自行车从右驱改造为左驱，是本行业内的技术人员可以完成的设计任务，但从未有人去做。自行车是一个典型的组装商品，即使是整车厂也不是所有零部件都能够生产的。各零部件是由专门厂家生产出来的。没有各厂家的合作，单独一个厂家生产左驱变速自行车成本会很高。没有人发现现在自行车通行的右驱结构，对占人口大多数的右利足骑车人来讲，是个错误的结构；没有人知道到左驱变速自行车这种将自行车驱动装置安装位置从右变为左，对于右利足人群，是极为有益的一项自行车结构要素关系改变(要素变更的发明)；就不会有人意识到左驱变速自行车将是那些极力追求提高自己骑行速度的右利足人群热情追捧的产品。因而，就没有不同厂家的合作研制与生产。这是70多年来没有人去设计，生产左驱变速自行车的原因。
下面通过附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的适合右利足人群使用的左驱外变速自行车的结构示意图。
图2为本发明提供的左驱外变速自行车的一种后拨链器尾钩一体形成在车架上的车架的结构示意图。
图3为本发明提供的在左右后端均设置侧面凹陷的多用途车架的结构示意图。
图4为在多用途车架上左后端结合后拨链器尾钩的结构示意图。
图5为在图3所示的多用途车架上结合分体的后拨链器尾钩和后轴凹槽配片后构成的,适合于左驱动外变速自行车的车架的结构示意图。
图6为在图3所示多用途车架上结合分体的后拨链器尾钩和后轴凹槽配片后构成的,适合于右驱动外变速自行车的车架的结构示意图。
图7为在多用途车架上左后端结合后轴凹槽配片的结构示意图。
图8为在图3所示多用途车架上结合分体的后轴凹槽配片后构成的,既适合左驱动外变速自行车也适合右驱动外变速自行车使用的车架结构示意图。
图9为本发明提供的左驱动外变速自行车的曲柄链轮的结构示意图。
图10和图10a为旋式飞轮的主视和侧视结构示意图。
图11和图11a为卡式飞轮的主视和侧视结构示意图。
图12为安装卡式飞轮的自行车卡式花鼓的结构示意图。
图13、图13a和图14、图14a为本发明提供的左驱外变速自行车中两种在安装在图8所示的多用 途车架上的后拨链器的主视和侧视结构示意图。
图15、图15a为在本发明提供的图2所示的车架上的后拨链器尾钩上安装的一种后拨链器的局部主视和侧视结构示意图。
图16为在本发明提供的图5所示的多用途车架上的后拨链器尾钩上安装的另一种后拨链器的局部主视结构示意图。
图17为本发明提供的左驱用统一连接型连接片固定式后拨链器结构示意图。
图17a显示出其安装在图3所示的多用途车架左后侧凹陷部的情形。
图17b为本发明提供的右驱用统一连接型连接片固定式后拨链器结构示意图。
图17c显示出其安装在图3所示的多用途车架右后侧凹陷部的情形。
图18和图18a为本发明提供的左驱外变速自行车中前拨链器的主视和侧视结构示意图。
图19本发明提供的适合右利足人群使用的左驱内变速自行车的结构示意图。
图20为本发明提供的适合左驱内变速自行车安装的后轴内变速器的结构示意图。
其中：车架1；侧面凹陷100；定位固定双作用孔100a；固定孔100b；凹槽100c；后拨链器尾钩101；定位孔101a；固定孔101b；后拨链器连接孔1011；后轴凹槽配片102；定位孔102a；固定孔102b；凹槽102c；变速控制器2；中轴3；大链轮4；曲柄5；脚踏板安装孔501；曲柄6；脚蹬7；后花鼓(含后轴)8；；卡式花鼓内花鼓体801；卡式花鼓外花鼓体802；轴承803；后轴804；飞轮座805；单向离合器806；多级飞轮9；旋式多级飞轮9a；锁紧链轮片901a；飞轮座901b；单向离合器丝挡901c；卡式多级飞轮9b；卡式多级飞轮链轮锁紧盖9b1；飞轮链条10；后拨链器11；基座构件111；基座构件上部111a；基座构件下部111b；可移动构件112；链条导向构件113；统一连接型连接片固定式后拨链器11’；基座构件111’；基座构件上部111a‘；基座构件下部111b’；可移动构件112；链条导向构件113；前拨链器12；基座构件121；可移动构件122；链条导向构件123。
具体实施方式
本发明所属领域的技术人员通过本发明说明书的附图就可以正确理解本发明。本发明中用到的“前，后，左，右，上，下”等方向性词均是指安装本发明的自行车的那些方向。
本发明提供的适合右利足人群使用的左驱外变速自行车如图1所示，包括一车架1，车架1上设置变速控制器2，该车架1上设置中轴3，中轴3上设置多级的大链轮4，该大链轮4置于车架1的左侧，大链轮4的左侧设置曲柄5，该曲柄5与大链轮4固为一体，在中轴3的右端设置另一曲柄6，在曲柄5和曲柄6上分别设置脚蹬7。在车架1上设置后花鼓(含后轴)8，支撑后车轮。在后花鼓8上设置多级飞轮9，多级飞轮9设置在车架1的左后内侧与大链轮4前后对应。在大链轮4和多级飞轮9上套设链条10。在车架1的左侧下后端设置后拨链器连接端，其可以是一后拨链器尾钩101(参见图2)，后拨链器尾钩101上设有一后拨链器连接孔1011，用于连接后拨链器11，在车架1上的中间下部还连接有前拨链器12。
本发明提供的左驱动外变速自行车，因为驱动装置的左移，与驱动装置相关的一些零部件也都有变化，下面就将变化的零部件改变的结构详述如下：
1.车架1
车架1的变化缘于后拨链器11位置的改变。
现有车架在其右后端设置后拨链器尾钩，在后拨链器尾钩上设连接孔用于连接后拨链器，还有另一种后拨链器，其安装在后轴上，在车架的右后端要设置一个定位孔，该种后拨链器通过后轴和定位螺栓穿设该定位孔中而固定。
不管是后拨链器尾钩，还是定位孔，在本发明中，这些用于安装后拨链器的结构都移到车架1的左后端上。
如图2所示，车架1的左后端设置一后拨链器尾钩101，其一体地设置在车架1上，在后拨链器尾钩101上设置一后拨链器连接孔1011，用于连接后拨链器11。
对于另一种后拨链器，即卡设在后轴上的，与该后拨链器相配，车架1的左后端相应位置上设置一个定位孔，这种后拨链器卡在后轴上，并通过后拨链器上的螺钉螺接该定位孔而将后拨链器准确 定位在车架1上。
为了使得车架1能够对于上述两种后拨链器的安装都能适用，可以考虑将车架1的左后端设置一侧面凹陷100，如图3所示，多用途车架1在该凹陷100处设置定位固定双作用孔100a、固定孔100b，与后轴配合的凹槽100c也设置在该侧面凹陷处。与多用途车架相匹配地，设有分体的后拨链器尾钩101，如图4所示，其上设置有定位孔101a、固定孔101b、后轴凹槽101c和后拨链器连接孔1011，在定位孔101a和101b中穿设螺钉，螺钉穿设车架1的定位固定双作用孔100a、固定孔100b上而将后拨链器尾钩固定在多用途车架1的左后侧的凹陷部，如图5所示。还可以设有分体的后轴凹槽配片102，后轴凹槽配片102上设置定位孔102a、固定孔102b和凹槽102c与多用途车架1上的侧面凹陷及其上的定位固定双作用孔100a以及固定孔100b对应，如图3和图7所示。在图3和图5所示的实施例中，多用途车架1的右后端也设有一侧面凹陷200，其与左后端的侧面凹陷形状对称，也设有定位固定双作用孔200a、固定孔200b和凹槽200c。这样的结构可以使得多用途车架1也能够适用于右驱动。在用于左驱动时，在右后端的侧面凹陷200上固定一后轴凹槽配片102(见图5)，使得右后端侧表面平齐，便于固定后轴的螺母稳固。如果是右驱动，可以将后拨链器尾钩101’安装在右后侧凹陷200上，后拨链器尾钩101’上的连接孔是右旋螺纹，而在左后侧的侧面凹陷100上固设后轴凹槽配片102(如图6所示)。
多用途车架1上的左右两侧的侧面凹陷的形状对称设置，在提供该多用途车架的同时，提供一个后拨链器尾钩101和一个后轴凹槽配片102，就可以使得该多用途车架既适合左驱动情形，也适合右驱动情形。
为了适应直接安装在后轴上的后拨链器，在多用途车架1的左后端设置一定位孔。也可以是在多用途车架的左右端设置如前所述的侧面凹陷，在其上固设具有固定孔、定位孔和凹槽的后轴凹槽配片102，如图7和图13、图13a所示，后拨链器卡在后轴上，后拨链器上的定位孔与后轴凹槽配片上的定位孔对应，通过穿设螺钉定位。
结合有后轴凹槽配片102的多用途车架1也可以做成同时适用于左右驱动的车架，在如图3所示的多用途车架1的两侧后端的侧面凹陷上结合上两个后轴凹槽配片102，如图8所示，就可以适应在多用途车架左后端和在车架右后端安装固定在后轴上的后拨链器。
如果是现有的车架，原有的后拨链器连接端在右侧，对此，需要对车架进行改造，在车架1的左侧下后端再设置一安装后拨链器尾钩101，构成左、右驱通用的变速自行车车架。
2.多级变速的大链轮
中轴上安装的多级变速的大链轮4详见图9，需要改变的是，左侧曲柄5与大链轮4固为一体，且左侧的曲柄5上设置的脚踏板安装孔501为左旋螺纹。
曲柄5与大链轮4的连接点位于曲柄5的右侧(如图1所示)。
3.多级飞轮
多级飞轮9可以为旋式多级飞轮9a，如图10和图10a所示，旋式多级飞轮9a的锁紧链轮片901a、飞轮座901b的装配螺纹均为左旋,单向离合器丝挡901c装配螺纹为右旋。该旋式多级飞轮9a通过内设单向离合器的飞轮座901b与自行车后花鼓8连接，单向离合器的锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋。
旋式多级飞轮的的多级链轮片套装在飞轮座外套901b上，链轮片按照左小右大的次序依次排列组合，垫圈使各个链轮片保持一定间隙，锁紧链轮片901a通过螺纹与飞轮座外套901b结合使多级链轮片被固定。锁紧链轮片901a与飞轮座外套901b以及飞轮座芯子的装配螺纹均为左旋。飞轮座芯子通过左旋螺纹与自行车后花鼓左花鼓左右结合使旋式多级飞轮9与自行车后轮连接，棘轮(单向离合器)的棘爪锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋。从而保证了在旋式多级飞轮9a停止转动时左驱外变速自行车后轮仍然可以向前转动。单向离合器丝挡901c与飞轮座芯子通过右旋螺纹装配。多级飞轮9也可以是卡式多级飞轮9b，如图11和图11a所示。卡式多级飞轮9b的链轮锁盖9b1螺纹为左旋。卡式多级飞轮9b套装在卡式花鼓8的飞轮座(塔基)805上，在卡式花鼓8飞轮座(塔基)805内设有单向离合器806，单向离合器806的锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋，如图12所示。
多级飞轮9也可以是卡式多级飞轮，图11和图11a所示,为本发明提供的一款卡式多级飞轮9b,链轮组套装在卡式花鼓8的飞轮座805上，链轮片按照左小右大的次序依次排列组合(参见图12)，链轮锁盖9b1的螺纹为左旋，链轮锁盖9b1与飞轮座805顶部的内螺纹结合，将链轮组固定在卡式花鼓左侧上。卡式花鼓8亦为左驱外变速自行车专用花鼓，链轮座805内的单向离合器锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋。从而保证了在卡式多级飞轮9b停止转动时左驱外变速自行车后轮仍然可以向前转动。
4.卡式花鼓
如图12所示，为卡式花鼓8结构示意图，801为卡式花鼓内花鼓体，802为卡式花鼓外花鼓体，803为轴承，804为后轴，805为飞轮座，806为单向离合器，9b1为卡式多级飞轮锁紧链轮盖。卡式花鼓8通过轴承803连接内花鼓体801和外花鼓体802，飞轮座805位于外花鼓体802的左侧，卡式花鼓外花鼓体802与飞轮座805通过单向离合器806可转动地联接。飞轮座805与单向离合器806的联接部位位于飞轮座805右部，外花鼓体802与单向离合器806的联接部位位于外花鼓体802左部。由于单向离合器806锁死转向为左旋,滑动转向为右旋，当飞轮座805安装的卡式多级飞轮9b不转动时，安装在卡式花鼓外花鼓体802上的后车轮13依然可以向前转动(参见图1和图12)。卡式多级飞轮锁紧链轮盖9b1的螺纹为左旋，当它与飞轮座805左侧内螺纹锁定，就可以将卡式多级飞轮9b固定在飞轮座805上。左旋螺纹可以避免卡式多级飞轮锁紧链轮盖9b1在后车轮13向前转动时松动。
适用于中轴3上的大链轮4和后花鼓8上的多级飞轮9的前拨链器12和后拨链器11，安装于自行车的左侧与相应的大链轮4和多级飞轮9对应。
5.后拨链器
如图13和图13a所示为在如图8所示的多用途车架1上安装于后轴处的后拨链器11,后拨链器11包括基座构件111，可移动构件112和链条导向构件113，该基座构件111安装在多用途车架1左后侧的侧面凹陷上固设的后轴凹槽配片102上,并被定位孔102a上的螺丝定位，该可移动构件112可动地联接至基座构件111，该链条导向构件113联接至可移动构件112，该链条导向构件113结合链条，以在可移动构件112相对于基座构件111移动时选择性地使链条在多级飞轮9的多个链盘之间转换。
后拨链器11中，基座构件111与可移动构件112为右上左下位置关系；可移动构件112与链条导向构件113为左上右下位置关系。
图14和图14a也示出了一种后拨链器11，包括基座构件111，可移动构件112和链条导向构件113，该基座构件111上半部分为一连接片111a，被直接固定安装在多用途车架1上的后轴凹槽配片102处，并被定位孔102a上的螺丝定位.其下半部分111b可相对多用途车架1做一定幅度的转动，可移动构件112可动地联接至基座构件111下半部分111b，该可移动构件112可移动地联接至基座构件111，该链条导向构件113联接至可移动构件112，该链条导向构件113结合链条，以在可移动构件112相对于基座构件111移动时选择性地使链条在多级飞轮9的多个链盘之间转换。
同样地，后拨链器11中，基座构件111与可移动构件112为右上左下位置关系；可移动构件112与链条导向构件113为左上右下位置关系。
如图15和图15a所示为在如图2所示的车架1上安装于后拨链器尾钩101处的后拨链器11，它包括基座构件111，可移动构件112和链条导向构件113，该基座构件111上半部分为一连接片111a，被直接固定安装在车架上的后拨链器尾钩101处，其下半部分111b可相对车架1做一定幅度的转动，可移动构件112可动地联接至基座构件111下半部分111b，链条导向构件113联接至可移动构件112，该链条导向构件连接着链条，以在可移动构件112相对于基座构件111运动时选择性地使链条在多级飞轮9多个链轮之间转换。
如图16所示为在如图5所示的多用途车架1上安装后拨链器11的结构，后拨链器11上调节与多级飞轮9上不同连轮盘结合的调节拉索114固定在多用途车架1上。
后拨链器尾钩上设置连接后拨链器的后拨链器连接螺孔1011，后拨链器11通过安装轴型螺栓可动的与后拨链器尾钩在此连接。供左驱外变速自行车车架使用的后拨链器尾钩101上的后拨链器连 接螺孔1011的螺纹为左旋。
如图17和图17a所示，在左驱动自行车上，与如图3所示的多用途车架1相配合，统一连接型连接片固定式的后拨链器11’中，所述基座构件111’包括上部连接片111a’和下部111b’，上部的连接片111a’与多用途车架1结合部位与多用途车架1的左侧的侧面凹陷相匹配，以使得基座构件111’直接结合在多用途车架1上。
如图17b和图17c所示，是为右驱动自行车设计的统一连接型连接片固定式的后拨链器11’，其中，所述基座构件111’包括上部连接片111a’和下部111b’，上部的连接片111a’与多用途车架1结合部位与多用途车架1的右侧的侧面凹陷相匹配，以使得基座构件111’直接结合在多用途车架1上，安装在与如图3所示的多用途车架1右后端外侧的侧面凹陷中。
6.前拨链器
具体的，前拨链器12如图18和图18a所示，前拨链器12包括基座构件121，可移动构件122和链条导向构件123，该基座构件121安装在车架1上，该可移动构件122联接至基座构件121，该链条导向构件123联接至可移动构件122，该链条导向构件123结合链条，以在可移动构件122相对于基座构件121移动时选择性地使链条在多级变速的大链轮4的多个链盘之间转换。
前拨链器12中，所述基座构件121位于所述链条导向构件123的右上侧，基座构件121与可移动构件122为右前左后位置关系；可移动构件122与链条导向件123为右左位置关系，可移动构件122在链条导向件的右上侧。
如图19所示为本发明提供的左驱动内变速自行车，在自行车中轴201左侧上设大链轮202，该大链轮202上一体连接曲柄203，该曲柄203上连接脚踏的螺孔为左旋螺纹。自行车后轴为后轴内变速器204。结合图20所示，后轴内变速器204的结构需要为左驱动自行车而变化，该内变速器204的链轮204a位于变速器左端,受后轴内变速器204内的单向离合器控制其锁死转向为左旋，滑动转向为右旋。
尽管仅选择了选定的实施例对本发明进行了示例说明，但通过阅读本公开内容，本发明所属领域的技术人员会很明确，在不背离附属权利要求中所限定的本发明的范围的情况下，现有的众多款式的右驱变速自行车都可以改型为适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车。对本发明实施例的以上描述仅供示例说明，而非用于对由附属权利要求及其等同内容所限定的本发明进行限制。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：
    为左驱外变速自行车，其安装在中轴上的二级以上多级的大链轮设置在车架的左侧，左曲柄与该大链轮固为一体；相应地，
    安装在后花鼓上的多级飞轮设置在车架的左后内侧，
    所述多级飞轮安装在后花鼓的左侧，与所述后花鼓之间的单向离合器的锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋；对应地，
    与所述二级以上多级的大链轮和/或多级飞轮对应的前和/或后拨链器设置在车架的左侧；
    所述车架左后尾端设有用于安装后拨链装置的结构；或者，
    为左驱内变速自行车，是在后轴上设置后轴内变速器，安装在中轴上的大链轮设置在车架的左侧，所述后轴内变速器的链轮位于内变速器的左端，与所述大链轮对应；
    受后轴内变速器内的单向离合器控制链轮锁死转向为左旋，滑动转向为右旋。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：
    与所述大链轮固为一体的所述左曲柄上的脚踏安装孔的螺纹为左旋；和/或，
    所述多级飞轮为旋式多级飞轮，旋式多级飞轮的锁紧链轮片、飞轮座与后花鼓的装配螺纹均为左旋；飞轮座上的单向离合器丝挡装配螺纹为右旋；或者，所述多级飞轮为卡式多级飞轮，卡式多级飞轮的链轮锁盖螺纹为左旋；和/或，
    所述前拨链器中的各构件在自行车上的组装结构是：基座构件位于链条导向构件的右侧；和/或，基座构件与含连杆组的可移动构件为右左位置关系；所述含连杆组的可移动构件与所述链条导向件为右左位置关系；和/或，下推型前拨链器，其中，基座构件位于链条导向构件的右上方，和/或，基座构件与可移动构件为右前左后位置关系；可移动构件与链条导向件为右上左下位置关系；或者，平推型前拨链器，其中，基座构件、可移动构件和链条导向件从右向左成川字位置关系设置；和/或，
    所述车架左后尾端用于安装后拨链装置的所述结构为一后拨链器尾钩，该后拨链器尾钩上设有后拨链器连接孔，其为左旋螺孔,与之相配的后拨链器，通过所述后拨链尾钩上的安装孔定位在车架上；或者，所述车架左后尾端用于安装后拨链装置的结构为一后拨链装置定位孔；与之相配的使用后轴处固定的后拨链器设置在后轴左侧，通过所述后拨链装置定位孔定位在车架上；或者，所述车架左后尾端用于安装后拨链装置的结构为车架左后尾端外侧的侧面凹陷。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：设置于该车架左后尾端的所述后拨链器尾钩，是与车架分体制造的分体部件，其上有与车架连接固定的固定孔，通过螺栓与车架组合成一体；或者是一体地形成在所述车架上；或者，
    所述定位孔设置在一后轴凹槽配片上，所述后轴凹槽配片上有后轴安装凹槽，固定螺孔及定位螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺孔固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋；该后轴凹槽配片与所述车架可拆地组合成一体，在车架的对应处有螺孔与该固定螺孔和定位螺孔连通而使该后轴凹槽配片固定在所述车架上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：所述车架至少在左后尾端的后轴凹槽部位设有一所述侧面凹陷，用于组装安装后拨链装置的结构；
    该结构为一后拨链器尾钩，安装在车架上左侧的所述侧面凹陷上；或者，
    该结构为一后拨链装置定位孔，设置在一后轴凹槽配片上，该后轴凹槽配片安装在所述车架上左侧的所述侧面凹陷上；后轴凹槽配片上设置固定螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺孔固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及用于定位后拨链器的定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋，车架上的所述侧面凹陷上设有定位螺孔与后轴凹槽配片上的所述定位孔对应。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：所述车架的左后尾端和右后尾端的后轴凹槽部位均设有一侧面凹陷，两所述侧面凹陷形状尺寸对称设置，
    一所述后拨链器尾钩或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部匹配地安装在所述车架上一侧的侧面凹陷上 固定，另一侧面凹陷上固定一后轴凹槽配片，后轴凹槽配片上设置固定螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺孔固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋；或者，两个后轴凹槽配片上设置固定螺孔，所述后轴凹槽配片通过固定螺孔固定在所述车架上；后轴凹槽配片上的固定螺孔及定位螺孔的螺纹均为右旋，车架上的所述侧面凹陷上设有定位螺孔与后轴凹槽配片上的所述定位孔对应，两个所述后轴凹槽配片匹配地安装在所述车架主体上两侧的侧面凹陷上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：可配置所述车架上的所述侧面凹陷的如下所述结构：所述后拨链器尾钩和/或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部和/或后轴凹槽配片结构相同且与所述车架左右后尾端的所述侧面凹陷的结构是相匹配的；所述后拨链器尾钩和/或后拨链器上的基座构件的上部和/或所述后轴凹槽配片上固定螺孔、定位螺孔和与后轴配合的后轴安装凹槽相同且与车架上的后轴安装凹槽，固定螺孔及定位螺孔的的结构也都是匹配的。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：与所述卡式多级飞轮相对应，其后花鼓为带有内装单向离合器的飞轮座的卡式花鼓，其单向离合器的锁死方向为左旋，滑动方向为右旋，飞轮座上的链轮锁盖螺纹为左旋；所述单向离合器与所述飞轮座的联接部位位于所述飞轮座右部；和/或，
    所述卡式花鼓包括通过轴承连接的内、外花鼓体，所述外花鼓体与所述单向离合器的联接部位位于所述外花鼓体左部。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6之一所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：
    所述后拨链器，包括基座构件，含有连杆组的可移动构件和链条导向构件，该基座构件安装在所述车架左后尾端外侧，后拨链器中的各构件在自行车上的组装结构是：所述基座构件和可移动构件均位于所述链条导向构件的左上方；和/或，
    所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件与可移动构件为右上左下位置关系；所述可移动构件与所述链条导向构件为左上右下位置关系；和/或，
    其中，所述可移动构件与基座构件的联接点位于所述可移动构件后部，所述可移动构件与所述链条导向构件的联接点位于所述可移动构件右侧前部；和/或，
    所述后拨链器中，所述链条导向构件与所述可移动构件的联接点位于所述链条导向构件左侧上部，所述链条导向构件与所述可移动构件为右下左上可动联接；和/或，
    所述基座构件与所述可移动构件的联接点位于基座构件左侧下部，所述基座构件与所述可移动构件为右上左下可动联接；和/或，
    基座构件与自行车车架为左右可动联接，所述基座构件含有安装轴螺丝的，基座构件与自行车车架为左右可动联接，所述安装轴螺丝的螺纹为左旋；和/或，
    所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件上部与所述车架结合部位的形状尺寸与所述车架左后尾端外侧的侧面凹陷形状相匹配。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车，其特征在于：所述后拨链器中，所述基座构件由上部连接片和下部组成,上部连接片与下部可动地连接为一体，所述基座构件上部的所述结合部位设置在所述连接片的上部。
  10. 一种所述的左驱动变速自行车的用途，其特征在于，适宜于右利足人群使用。
  11. 一种左驱动外变速自行车用的多级飞轮，其特征在于，所述多级飞轮的链轮片，按照左小右大的次序依次排列组合。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种左驱动外变速自行车使用的多级飞轮，其特征在于，所述多级飞轮为旋式多级飞轮，旋式多级飞轮的锁紧链轮片、含单向离合器的飞轮座与后花鼓的装配螺纹均为左旋,单向离合器丝挡装配螺纹为右旋,所述单向离合器，其锁死转向为左旋，滑动转向为右旋；或者，所述多级飞轮为卡式多级飞轮，卡式多级飞轮的链轮锁盖螺纹为左旋。3.根据权利要求1所述的一种左驱动外变速自行车使用的多级飞轮，其特征在于，该多级飞轮与自行车后花鼓为左右连接。
PCT/CN2016/107448 2015-11-30 2016-11-28 适合右利足人群使用的左驱动变速自行车 WO2017092634A1 (zh)

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