Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
  • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
  • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
  • C07K1/107—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides
  • C07K1/1072—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups
  • C07K1/1077—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups by covalent attachment of residues other than amino acids or peptide residues, e.g. sugars, polyols, fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/475—Growth factors; Growth regulators
  • C07K14/50—Fibroblast growth factor [FGF]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/575—Hormones
  • C07K14/64—Relaxins

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to an improved additive system for use in protein PEGylation reaction.
• the disclosure identifies an additive for the conjugation reaction between proteins containing the p-acetylphenylalanine residue and an aminoxy- PEG compound.
• the PEGylation of proteins is a conjugation process that involves the attachment of a polyethylene glycol derivative to a therapeutic protein to improve its stability and pharmacokinetics by reducing clearance rates and providing a steric shield from proteolytic enzymes and immune system recognition (Roberts, M.J. et a ⁇ ., Adv. Drug Delivery Rev, 54:459 (2002)).
• the PEGylation technologies can be classified into two types, namely random and site-specific conjugations. Random PEGylations arbitrarily link the PEGylating reagent to reactive amino acids such as lysine or cysteine to afford a mixture of PEGylated products.
• site-specific conjugations exploit the unambiguous reactivity of a native functionality (e.g., the N- or C-terminal groups) or an unnatural amino acid (e.g., p-acetylphenylalanine -pAcF) to control the location and number of PEG residues attached to the protein.
• Site specific conjugation reaction involving ketoxime formation between a PEGylating reagent and a pAcF residue is incorporated in the substrate protein via expansion of the genetic code (Liu, C.C. et al, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 79:413 (2010); Tian, F.
• ketoximes suffer from slow rates and incomplete conversions (Crisalli, P. et al, J. Org. Chem., 78: 1184 (2013)). Attempts to improve ketoxime formation include the use of excess PEGylating reagent, high temperatures, or high concentrations of toxic catalysts. These solutions, however, introduce additional steps to eliminate the excess PEGylating reagent or toxic catalyst from the product and often compromise the stability of the protein.
• the old methods do not use additives, use a denaturant (urea), and/or use acetylhydrazide (AcNHNEh) as the additive.
• AcNHNEh and related structures have been defined in PCT Publication No. WO 2007/056448.
• the present disclosure provides an improved additive system for protein PEGylation reaction, said system comprising />aminobenzoic hydrazide alone or in combination with aromatic amines or ammonium salts.
• the present disclosure provides a process for obtaining PEGylated protein, said process comprising steps of: identifying a protein, PEG reagent and an additive system; and solubilizing the protein followed by combining with PEG reagent in presence of the additive system to obtain PEGylated protein with high yield.
• the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a PEGylated protein obtained by the process as mentioned in the above embodiment for use in therapy for a subject in need thereof.
• FIG. 1 General mechanism for the formation of ketoximes.
• Figure 3 Time course for the decomposition of 20 kDa PEG-OA in water when exposed to a continuous stream of air.
• Figure 4 Study of the stability of acetyl hydrazide using in situ IR and 3 ⁇ 4 NMR spectra.
• Figure 5 Model reaction for the screening of additives. Reaction conditions: 1 (3.6 mmol) and 2 (3.6 mmol) in 1.0 mL acetate buffer (20 mM, pH 4.0) at room temperature (23 °C).
• Figure 7 Time course for the reaction of dipeptide 1 with O- benzylhydroxylamine (2) in the presence of (a) 1 equiv pyrazoleamine (red); (b) 1 equiv MCH (blue); (c) 1 equiv pyrazoleamine and 1 equiv MCH (green). The reaction profile obtained in the absence of additives is shown in grey.
• Figure 8 Aromatic region of the 3 ⁇ 4 NMR spectra of samples containing dipeptide 1 (a) (blue) with (b) 1 equiv MCH (green); (c) 1 equiv MCH, and 1 equiv pyrazoleamine (grey); (d) 1 equiv pyrazoleamine (red). Synergistic effect between MCH and pyrazoleamine additives yields mixtures with higher concentration of active intermediates relative to samples containing only one additive.
• Figure 9 Left: PEGylation of the dipeptide 1 with 30 equiv PABH and 1.2 equiv 20 kDa PEG-OA; the hydrazone intermediate is tracked as the green points.
• Figure 10 Left: Plot of hydrazone concentration versus equivalents of PABH for the PEGylation of dipeptide 1 ; the blue points indicate the reaction mixture in which pyrazoleamine was omitted. Center: Effect of different combinations of PABH and pyrazoleamine on reaction rates. Right: Final concentration of dipeptide 1 and its hydrazone derivative in reaction mixtures containing PABH and pyrazoleamine.
• Figure 11 Plot of remaining dipeptide 1 at the end of the reaction, versus total equivalents additive and pyrazoleamine: PABH ratio.
• Figure 12 Left: Time course for the reaction of Relaxin with 20 kDa PEG-OA (1.5 equiv) in the presence of (a) 30 equiv acetyl hydrazide (blue); (b) 30 equiv MCH (red); the reaction profile obtained in the absence of additives is shown in grey color.
• Figure 13 Left: Time course for the reaction of Relaxin with 20 kDa PEG-OA
• Figure 14 HRMS analysis of a PEGylation of Relaxin accelerated by MCH at its endpoint.
• the oxime peak overlaps with the residual Relaxin.
• the 0.04 min delay for the Relaxin peak is due to the reaction matrix effect on chromatographic behavior rather than a late-eluting impurity .
• Figure 15 Left: Time course for the reaction of Relaxin with 20 kDa PEG-OA (1.2 equiv) in the presence of urea 6M with (a) 30 equiv MCH and 30 equiv
• Figure 16 Left: Time course for the reaction of Relaxin with 20 kDa PEG-OA (1.2 equiv) in the presence of 30 equiv PABH and (a) 60 equiv ethylenediamine (grey); (b) 60 equiv 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (green); (c) 60 equiv m-phenylenediamine (blue); and 60 equiv pyrazoleamine (red).
• FIG. 17 Scheme for the preliminary PEGylation screening.
• Figure 18 Scheme for the PEGylation of Relaxin and FGF21 with different amines.
• Figure 19 PEGylation results for o- and m-phenylenediamine illustrating the curvature of the plot of total equiv versus amine:PABH ratio versus final FGF21 concentration. Left: o-phenylenediamine. Right: m-phenylenediamine.
• Figure 20 Plots of total additive equivalents versus amine:PABH ratio and conversion for PEGylations using PABH and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. Left: FGF21 with 30 kDa PEG-OA. Right: Relaxin with 20 kDa PEG-OA.
• Figure 21 Left: Time course for the reaction of Relaxin with 20 kDa PEG-OA (1.2 equiv) in the presence of 120 equiv salt and 60 equiv PABH catalyst using (a) urea 6
• Figure 22 Time course for the reaction of Relaxin with 20 kDa PEG-OA (1.2 equiv) in the absence of additives (blue) and the presence of: (a) 120 equiv NH4CI (red), (b) 60 equiv acetyl hydrazide (grey), and (c) 60 equiv acetyl hydrazide and 120 equiv NH4CI (green).
• Figure 23 Left: UV spectra of Relaxin before and after the addition of 120 equiv NH4CI (blue and red, respectively). Right: Amino acid sequence of Relaxin highlighting the aromatic resides in red.
• Figure 24 Left: IR spectra of Relaxin before and after the addition of 120 equiv NH4CI (blue and purple, respectively). Right: Inset of the IR spectrum after addition of 120 equiv NH4CI with tentative assignments for the structural changes.
• Figure 26 Near UV CD spectra of Relaxin before (blue) and after the addition of 120 equiv NH4CI (blue and green, respectively).
• Figure 27 Structures of potential impurities present in commercial PABH.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• PEG-OA polyethylene glycol - oxyamine
• PABH p-amino benzoic hy drazide
• Additive system is used herein to mean “catalyst compound", either alone or in combination.
• p-aminobenzoic hy drazide alone or in combination with aromatic amines namely 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, O- phenylenediamine, 1 -pyridin-2-yl-ethylamine, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylhydrazine, m- phenylenediamine and 2-picolylamine or ammonium salts namely ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride.
• Preferable catalyst compounds includes p-aminobenzoic hy drazide with 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid or p-aminobenzoic hy drazide with ammonium chloride.
• composition comprising:
• PEG polyethylene glycol or derivatized polyethylene glycol.
• PEGylation or pegylation process refers to the process of attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer chains to another molecule, in the context of the present disclosure, to proteins containing p- acetylphenylalanine (pAcF) residue including, but not limited to, Relaxin and FGF21.
• conjugation refers to a conjugation reaction between proteins containing p-acetylphenylalanine residue and an aminoxy-PEG compound.
• polypeptide containing a PEG molecule is also known as a conjugated or PEGylated protein, whereas the protein lacking an attached PEG molecule can be referred to as unconjugated or free.
• PEG reagent or PEGylating reagent Reagents that help in PEGylation reaction. It will be understood that any given exemplary embodiment can be combined with one or more additional exemplary embodiments.
• the present disclosure provides an improved additive system for protein PEGylation reaction, said system comprising p-aminobenzoic hydrazide alone or in combination with aromatic amines or ammonium salts.
• the aromatic amine is selected from a group consisting of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, O-phenylenediamine, l-pyridin-2-yl- ethylamine, 2-(dimethylamino) ethylhydrazine, m-phenylenediamine and 2-picolylamine.
• the ammonium salt is selected from a group consisting of ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride.
• the preferred system combination includes p-aminobenzoic hydrazide with 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid or p-Aminobenzoic hydrazide with ammonium chloride.
• the reaction is a conjugation reaction between proteins containing the p-acetylphenylalanine reside and an aminoxy-PEG compound.
• the additive system augments the conjugation reaction rates, provides high yield of the conjugated product and facilitates reduction in the aminoxy-PEG equivalents required to complete the conjugation reaction.
• the present disclosure provides a process for obtaining PEGylated protein, said process comprising steps of: identifying a protein, PEG reagent and an additive system; and solubilizing the protein followed by combining with PEG reagent in presence of the additive system to obtain PEGylated protein with high yield.
• the protein is Relaxin or FGF21 containing a pAcF residue.
• the solubilized protein solution combined with PEG reagent is maintained at a pH of about 4.
• the reaction mixture is held at a temperature ranging from about 20 °C to about 25 °C.
• the additive system includes p- aminobenzoic hydrazide alone or in combination with combination with aromatic amines, such as 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid or ammonium salts such as ammonium acetate or ammonium chloride.
• the additive combination of high quality p-aminobenzoic hydrazide with ammonium chloride is preferred for use at large scale production of PEGylated proteins.
• the PEG reagents are selected from a group comprising PEG-OA and other PEG derivatives with aminoxy group.
• the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a PEGylated protein obtained by the process of recited in the second aspect and its embodiments for use in therapy for a subject in need thereof.
• Evaporative light scattering detection involves passing the HPLC mobile phase through a nebulizer to remove the solvent. Any solid particles that form diffract light from a laser beam in the detector, resulting in a signal. This method allows detection of any compound that forms a solid that can diffract light.
• the PEGylating reagents are high molecular weight solids, they are excellent candidates for HPLC analysis using ELS detection. This is evident in Figure 2. The UV trace is shown in green, the ELS trace is shown in black. The top
• the chromatogram (green) is the UV trace at 210 nm
• the black chromatogram is the ELS trace of the same mixture obtained in series with the UV detector.
• the bottom black trace provides more information, particularly with the later eluting PEG-based compounds.
• Hydrazides colored in blue
• hydrazinecarboxamides green
• anilines red
• hydrazines yellow
• Aromatic hydrazides and secondary hydrazinecarboxamines yielded up to five-fold rate accelerations as well as high conversions that stalled at approximately 95% of dipeptide consumption.
• Double protonation (pKa: aniline ⁇ 2.5, hydrazide ⁇ 2) favors imine formation by ⁇ 1.0 kcal/mol. Although the reaction is not run at such low pH values, DFT calculations indicate that the dehydration is highly sensitive to pH variations and H- bonding effects.
• the hydrazone intermediate could be monitored during the PEGylation of the dipeptide 1 with PABH ( Figure 9).
• Control experiments that equilibrated mixtures of dipeptide 1 with PABH overnight in the absence of PEGylating reagent showed the formation of the hydrazone as well as its rapid consumption upon addition of 20 kDa PEG-OA to give the desired product.
• Further examination of hydrazone formation in the presence of amine additives e.g. , pyrazoleamine, Figure 10
• the extent of hydrazone formation is linked to the pyrazoleamine: PABH ratio used in the reaction.
• the extent of hydrazone formation does not correlate with reaction rates or conversions in a simple manner.
• PABH proved to be the standout additive to accelerate the reaction and, as one of the goals of this initiative was to develop a general PEGylation method that can be applied to abroad range of protein systems, PABH was selected for further study. Additional support for the use of PABH as the hydrazide component was the fact that it is negative in AMES testing unlike acetyl hydrazide, which is a known potent mutagen (Bhide, S.V. et al, Cancer Lett. , 23:235 (1984)).
• a solution of FGF21 (1.0 mL, 20.3 mg/mL, 1.04 ⁇ ) in 20 mM NaOAc, 6M urea, with pH 4 was added to solid NEUCl (6.7 mg, 124.8 ⁇ ) in a clean 1.5 mL vial. The mixture was gently agitated until all the solid dissolved. In a separate vial, MPEG 30 kDa (39.0 mg, 1.26 ⁇ ) and PABH (4.7 mg, 31.2 ⁇ ) were combined. The protein solution from the first vial was transferred to the second vial containing the PEGylating reagent and PABH, and the mixture gently agitated until the solids dissolved (ca 20 min). The pH was measured and the mixture adjusted to pH 4 using 0.1M HC1 if needed.
• reaction mixture are homogenous solutions, thus the reaction solution was held at 20-25 °C without stirring. Reaction progress is monitored by HPLC either using ELS or UV detection at 280 nm. Reaction completion is assessed by HPLC analysis versus an external standard.
• Table 11 includes the original conditions used for Relaxin and FGF21 Gl PEGylations as well as the PEGylations mediated by the PABH additive.
• the PEGylated proteins prepared in accordance with instant disclosure may be further rendered suitable for injection by mixture or combination with an additional pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle by methods known in the art.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for formulating the products of the invention are saline, human serum album, human plasma proteins, etc.
• the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a conjugate as described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and/or carrier.
• Such pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may be aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
• non-aqueous solvents are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
• Aqueous carriers include water, alcoholic/aqueous solutions, emulsions or suspensions, including saline and buffered media.
• Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride solution, Ringer's dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's or fixed oils.
• Intravenous vehicles include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers such as those based on Ringer's dextrose, and the like. Preservatives and other additives may also be present, such as, for example, antimicrobials, antioxidants, chelating agents, inert gases and the like.
• the protein conjugates prepared in accordance with instant disclosure may be formulated in pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injection with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle by methods known in the art.

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