WO2017081875A1 - イソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法 - Google Patents
イソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017081875A1 WO2017081875A1 PCT/JP2016/059837 JP2016059837W WO2017081875A1 WO 2017081875 A1 WO2017081875 A1 WO 2017081875A1 JP 2016059837 W JP2016059837 W JP 2016059837W WO 2017081875 A1 WO2017081875 A1 WO 2017081875A1
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- isothiazoline compound
- chlorine
- isothiazolin
- isothiazoline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
- C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/12—Prevention of foaming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
Definitions
- the present invention relates to water treatment technologies such as cooling water systems, reverse osmosis membrane treated water systems (hereinafter abbreviated as RO water systems), paper pulp process water systems, scrubber water systems, and the like, and is particularly effective in suppressing biofilm adhesion due to antibacterial action.
- the present invention relates to a method for suppressing a reduction in the concentration of an isothiazoline compound.
- isothiazoline compounds 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as MIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (hereinafter referred to as Cl-MIT).
- MIT 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- Cl-MIT 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- water treatment it is known that it has an excellent antibacterial action against microorganisms contained in water and has an effect of suppressing the adhesion of biofilm, and various proposals have been made to use isothiazoline compounds as antibacterial agents (bactericides). .
- Patent Document 1 discloses a bactericidal composition comprising MIT and Cl-MIT and a stabilized hypochlorite and bromide composition.
- Patent Document 2 describes that an isothiazolone compound (isothiazoline compound) is added to a cooling water system in which antibacterial treatment with chlorosulfamic acid and / or a salt thereof is performed when algae are generated. Yes.
- JP 2006-22097 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-63475
- Patent Document 2 is an algicidal method in which an isothiazoline compound is further added in order to effectively kill and remove the algae generated in the cooling water system. Specifically, only an example in which a decrease in algae is observed after 3 days by adding 2 mg / L or more of Cl-MIT is described, and in order to kill algae, a larger amount of isothiazoline compound is described. Must be added. Further, the persistence of antibacterial action and the degree of residual isothiazoline compound are unknown.
- An isothiazoline compound can maintain an excellent biofilm adhesion inhibiting effect if the active ingredient concentration is sufficiently maintained in an aqueous system.
- the added isothiazoline compound is consumed heavily, and when the addition concentration is low, particularly when the addition concentration is limited to less than 1 mg / L, it is sufficient after 24 hours without additional addition. It was difficult to retain the amount and maintain the biofilm adhesion inhibiting effect.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing the concentration reduction of an isothiazoline compound, which can improve the residual rate later.
- the present invention is based on the finding that the reduction of the concentration of the isothiazoline compound over time is suppressed by allowing the isothiazoline compound and the combined chlorine agent to coexist in the aqueous system at a predetermined concentration.
- an isothiazoline compound is supplied to an aqueous system at an addition concentration of 0.2 mg / L or more and less than 1 mg / L, and a combined chlorine agent composed of a chlorine stabilizer and a chlorine-based oxidant is 0.3 mg / concentration in terms of Cl 2.
- the isothiazoline compounds include 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline- 3-one, 2-ethyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-ethyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro- 2-t-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-2-cyclohexyl-4-isothiazoline-3-.
- concentration reduction of the isothiazoline compound according to [1] or [2] above, which is at least one selected
- the present invention it is possible to suppress the concentration reduction of the isothiazoline compound in the aqueous system over time. Therefore, the present invention can improve the persistence of the biofilm adhesion inhibitory effect due to its antibacterial action, even if the isothiazoline compound is a low addition concentration in an aqueous system, improving the residual rate after 24 hours, In particular, it can exhibit an excellent sustained effect in antibacterial activity against microorganisms contained in water such as Legionella spp. For this reason, in water treatment, it has the advantage that cost reduction can be aimed at by reducing the usage-amount of the isothiazoline compound used as an antibacterial agent.
- the first aspect of the method for suppressing concentration reduction of an isothiazoline compound according to the present invention comprises supplying an aqueous system at an addition concentration of 0.2 mg / L or more and less than 1 mg / L of an isothiazoline compound, and comprising a chlorine stabilizer and a chlorine-based oxidizing agent.
- the combined chlorinating agent is added so as to be maintained at 0.3 mg / L or more and 6 mg / L or less in terms of Cl 2 concentration.
- the method of the present invention is applied in aqueous systems. Specifically, it can be suitably applied to general industrial water systems such as cooling water systems, RO water systems, paper pulp process water systems, scrubber water systems where biofilm adhesion suppression is required, in particular, open circulation cooling water systems, It can be suitably applied to a membrane concentrated water system.
- the target water quality is suitably applied to an aqueous system that is required to suppress the growth of bacteria such as Legionella spp.
- An isothiazoline compound is a compound having a hetero five-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom. As described above, the isothiazoline compound has an excellent antibacterial action against microorganisms contained in water and has an effect of suppressing the adhesion of a biofilm.
- the addition concentration (supply concentration) of the isothiazoline compound is 0.2 mg / L or more and less than 1 mg / L, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mg / L. If the added concentration is less than 0.2 mg / L, the residual rate after 24 hours is too low. On the other hand, in the case of 1 mg / L or more, a sufficient residual rate can be obtained regardless of the concentration of the combined chlorine agent added. The upper limit is less than 1 mg / L.
- the concentration of the isothiazoline compound in the aqueous system is a value measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
- the residual ratio of the isothiazoline compound after 24 hours from the addition to the aqueous system is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 15% or more.
- the combined chlorine agent is a reaction product composed of a chlorine stabilizer and a chlorine-based oxidizing agent.
- the reaction product may be added as a one-component type, or may be added as a two-component mixture of a chlorine stabilizer and an oxidizing chlorine agent.
- sulfamic acid as a chlorine stabilizer and reaction with hypochlorite and chlorinated isocyanuric acid such as sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite as chlorinated oxidants
- the product monochlororosulmic acid is preferably used.
- a chlorine stabilizer produces a stabilized chlorine component (bound chlorine agent) by reaction with a chlorine-based oxidant.
- a chlorine-based oxidant Specifically, sulfamic acid or derivatives thereof; hydantoin such as 5,5′-dimethylhydantoin; isocyanuric acid; urea; biuret; methyl carbamate; ethyl carbamate; acetamide, nicotinamide, methanesulfonamide and toluenesulfonamide
- Amide compounds such as maleimide, succinimide and phthalimide; amino acids such as glycine, alanine, histidine and lysine; amines such as methylamine, hydroxylamine, morpholine, piperazine, imidazole and histamine; ammonia; ammonium sulfate etc.
- sulfamic acid is particularly preferred.
- Specific examples of the sulfamic acid derivative include N-methylsulfamic acid, N, N-dimethylsulfamic acid, N-phenylsulfamic acid, and salts thereof.
- Specific examples of the sulfamate include sodium sulfamate, potassium sulfamate, calcium sulfamate, strontium sulfamate, barium sulfamate, iron sulfamate, zinc sulfamate, ammonium sulfamate and the like.
- the amount of the chlorination stabilizer used is preferably 1 to 5 moles relative to the chlorine-based oxidizing agent from the viewpoint of sufficient reactivity with the chlorine-based oxidizing agent.
- the amount is more preferably 1 to 4 times mol, and still more preferably 1.2 to 3 times mol.
- a chlorine-based oxidant generates a stabilized chlorine component (bound chlorine agent) by reaction with a chlorine stabilizer.
- a chlorine stabilizer include chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, perchloric acid, chlorinated isocyanuric acid, and salts thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof or chlorinated isocyanuric acid is preferable, and hypochlorite is more preferably used.
- the hypochlorite is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and barium hypochlorite. Of these, sodium hypochlorite is preferably used from the viewpoint of availability and the like.
- the added concentration (maintenance concentration) of the combined chlorine agent is 0.3 mg / L or more and 6 mg / L or less, preferably 1 to 5 mg / L in terms of Cl 2 . If the addition concentration is less than 0.3 mg / L, the concentration reduction of the isothiazoline compound cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and the residual ratio of the isothiazoline compound is remarkably reduced. Moreover, also when it exceeds 6 mg / L, the residual rate of an isothiazoline compound falls remarkably.
- Cl 2 concentration calculated combined chlorine agent in the aqueous in the present invention is a value measured using a residual chlorine analyzer and dedicated reagents HACH Corp..
- the isothiazoline compound in the aqueous system, is in the above-mentioned predetermined addition concentration range, and the bound chlorine agent is maintained in the above-mentioned predetermined addition concentration range.
- the addition method is not particularly limited.
- the isothiazoline compound and the bound chlorine agent may be added as a solid, or may be added as an aqueous solution adjusted to an arbitrary concentration. Moreover, you may add as a mixture or may add separately. When added separately, the isothiazoline compound and the combined chlorine agent may be added simultaneously or either one may be added first. Moreover, you may add continuously or intermittently.
- the concentration of the isothiazoline compound and bound chlorine agent in the blow water is constantly measured, and the aqueous solution of the isothiazoline compound is maintained so that these measured values are maintained within the predetermined concentration range.
- an aqueous solution of the combined chlorine agent are preferably added to the cooling water pit by an apparatus capable of automatically and continuously injecting each.
- additives other than the isothiazoline compound and the combined chlorinating agent may be added to the aqueous system in accordance with the purpose of the water treatment as long as the effect of suppressing the concentration reduction of the isothiazoline compound is not hindered.
- additives that are optional components include antiseptics, scale inhibitors, anticorrosives, release agents, and antifoaming agents.
- the method for adding these additives is not particularly limited, either as a mixture with an isothiazoline compound and / or a combined chlorine agent or separately.
- a second aspect of the method for inhibiting concentration reduction of an isothiazoline compound according to the present invention is an aqueous system in which a combined chlorine agent comprising a chlorine stabilizer and a chlorine-based oxidizing agent is contained in a concentration equivalent to Cl 2 of 0.3 mg / L to 6 mg / L.
- the isothiazoline compound is supplied at an addition concentration of 0.2 mg / L or more and less than 1 mg / L.
- the isothiazoline compound may be supplied to the aqueous system containing the bound chlorine agent at the predetermined concentration so that the predetermined concentration is obtained. In this case, the same effect as the method of the first aspect can be obtained. .
- the details of the method of the second aspect are the same as those of the method of the first aspect described above except for the addition method, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- corresponds to the containing density
- the isothiazoline compound may be supplied in the range of the predetermined addition concentration described above in an aqueous system containing a predetermined concentration of bound chlorine agent. It is not limited.
- the isothiazoline compound may be added as a solid, or may be added as an aqueous solution adjusted to an arbitrary concentration. Moreover, you may add continuously or intermittently. Specifically, for example, in the case of an open circulating cooling water system, the concentration of the isothiazoline compound in the blow water is constantly measured, and the aqueous solution of the isothiazoline compound is automatically adjusted so that the measured value is maintained within the predetermined concentration range. It is preferable to add to the cooling water pit by an apparatus capable of continuous injection.
- the Cl-MIT concentration was measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (detection lower limit 0.1 ppb). Further, the Cl 2 equivalent concentration of monochlororosulphamic acid (indicated as “Cl 2 ” in Table 1) was measured using a residual chlorine meter manufactured by HACH and a dedicated reagent.
- the number of Legionella bacteria after 24 hours was analyzed by the cooling centrifugal concentration method described in the “New Legionellosis Prevention Guidelines” (1999, issued by Building Management Education Center, p. 88-89), The sterilization rate was determined.
- Example 1 In an open circulating cooling water tower, the Cl-MIT concentration in blow water is 0.5 mg / L (within ⁇ 10% range), and the monochlororosulfamate concentration in blow water is 5 mg / in terms of Cl 2 under the following operating conditions.
- L (within ⁇ 10% range) (corresponding to Sample 15 in the above confirmation test)
- the total amount of Cl-MIT used was 48 g.
- the number of Legionella in the blow water was less than 10 CFU / 100 ml.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1
- the Cl-MIT concentration in blow water was 1.0 mg / L (within ⁇ 10% range)
- the monochlororosulfamate concentration in blow water was 3 mg / L in terms of Cl 2 (within ⁇ 10% range)
- the total amount of Cl-MIT used was 96 g when the operating conditions were the same as in Example 1 except that the above conditions were maintained. At the end of the operation, the number of Legionella in the blow water was less than 10 CFU / 100 ml.
- Example 1 From the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the total amount of Cl-MIT used for obtaining an antibacterial effect when continuously operating in an open circulating cooling water system for the same time. I can say that.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2には、クロロスルファミン酸及び/又はその塩による抗菌処理が行われている冷却水系に、藻類が発生したときに、イソチアゾロン系化合物(イソチアゾリン化合物)を添加することが記載されている。
[1]水系に、イソチアゾリン化合物を0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満の添加濃度で供給し、塩素安定化剤及び塩素系酸化剤からなる結合塩素剤をCl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下に維持されるように添加する、イソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
[2]塩素安定化剤及び塩素系酸化剤からなる結合塩素剤がCl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下含まれる水系に、イソチアゾリン化合物を0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満の添加濃度で供給する、イソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
[3]前記イソチアゾリン化合物は、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-エチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、5-クロロ-2-エチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、5-クロロ-2-t-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-シクロヘキシル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン及び1,2-ベンゾイソチアゾリン-3-オンのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
[4]前記塩素安定化剤は、スルファミン酸及びその誘導体のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
[5]前記塩素系酸化剤が次亜塩素酸塩である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
[6]前記水系が開放循環冷却水系又は膜濃縮水系である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
したがって、本発明は、水系において、イソチアゾリン化合物が、低い添加濃度であっても、24時間経過後における残留率を向上させ、その抗菌作用によるバイオフィルム付着抑制効果の持続性を高めることができ、特に、レジオネラ属菌等の水中に含まれる微生物に対する抗菌において優れた持続効果を発揮することができる。このため、水処理において、抗菌剤として用いられるイソチアゾリン化合物の使用量の低減化により、コスト抑制を図ることができるという利点も有している。
本発明のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法の第1の態様は、水系に、イソチアゾリン化合物0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満の添加濃度で供給し、塩素安定化剤及び塩素系酸化剤からなる結合塩素剤をCl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下に維持されるように添加するものである。
このようにイソチアゾリン化合物と結合塩素剤とを所定濃度で水系に共存させることにより、結合塩素剤の濃度の経時変化はイソチアゾリン化合物の共存の影響を受けることなく、かつ、イソチアゾリン化合物の経時による濃度低減が抑制される。
本発明の方法は、水系において適用される。具体的には、バイオフィルム付着抑制が求められる、冷却水系やRO水系、紙パルプ工程水系、スクラバー水系等の一般的な工業用水系に好適に適用することができ、特に、開放循環冷却水系、膜濃縮水系に好適に適用することができる。
なお、対象とする水質としては、レジオネラ属菌やズーグレア状細菌等の菌の増殖を抑制することが求められるような水系に好適に適用される。
イソチアゾリン化合物は、窒素原子及び硫黄原子を含む複素5員環を有する化合物であり、上述したように、水中に含まれる微生物に対する抗菌作用に優れ、バイオフィルムの付着抑制効果を有している。具体的には、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(Cl-MIT)、2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(MIT)、4,5-ジクロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-エチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、5-クロロ-2-エチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、5-クロロ-2-t-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-シクロヘキシル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、1,2-ベンゾイソチアゾリン-3-オン等が挙げられる。これらのイソチアゾリン化合物は、1種単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらのうち、Cl-MIT、MITが好ましく、Cl-MITがより好ましい。
イソチアゾリン化合物の添加濃度(供給濃度)は、0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満であり、好ましくは0.2~0.5mg/Lである。添加濃度が0.2mg/L未満では、24時間経過後の残留率が低くなりすぎる。一方、1mg/L以上の場合は、結合塩素剤の添加濃度に関係なく、十分な残留率が得られるため、本発明においては、少ない添加濃度での残留率向上効果の点から、添加濃度の上限は1mg/L未満とする。
なお、本発明における水系中のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度は、液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析法(LC-MS)により測定された値である。
水系への添加時から24時間経過後におけるイソチアゾリン化合物の残留率は、5%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは15%以上である。
結合塩素剤は、塩素安定化剤及び塩素系酸化剤からなる反応生成物である。反応生成物の状態で1剤型として添加されてもよく、あるいはまた、塩素安定化剤及び酸化性塩素剤の2剤型の混合物として添加されてもよい。これらのうち、塩素安定化剤としてスルファミン酸と、塩素系酸化剤として次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸カリウム及び次亜塩素酸カルシウム等の次亜塩素酸塩や塩素化イソシアヌル酸との反応生成物であるモノクロロスルファミン酸が好適に用いられる。
塩素安定化剤は、塩素系酸化剤との反応により安定化塩素成分(結合塩素剤)を生成する。具体的には、スルファミン酸又はその誘導体;5,5’-ジメチルヒダントイン等のヒダントイン;イソシアヌル酸;尿素;ビウレット;カルバミン酸メチル;カルバミン酸エチル;アセトアミド、ニコチン酸アミド、メタンスルホンアミド及びトルエンスルホンアミド等のアミド化合物;マレイミド、コハク酸イミド及びフタルイミド等のイミド化合物;グリシン、アラニン、ヒスチジン及びリジン等のアミノ酸;メチルアミン、ヒドロキシルアミン、モルホリン、ピペラジン、イミダゾール及びヒスタミン等のアミン;アンモニア;硫酸アンモニウム等のアンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらのうち、スルファミン酸が特に好ましい。
スルファミン酸誘導体の具体例としては、N-メチルスルファミン酸、N,N-ジメチルスルファミン酸、N-フェニルスルファミン酸、及びこれらの塩等が挙げられる。
スルファミン酸塩の具体例としては、スルファミン酸ナトリウム、スルファミン酸カリウム、スルファミン酸カルシウム、スルファミン酸ストロンチウム、スルファミン酸バリウム、スルファミン酸鉄、スルファミン酸亜鉛、スルファミン酸アンモニウム等が挙げられる。
塩素化安定剤の使用量は、塩素系酸化剤との十分な反応性の観点から、塩素系酸化剤に対して1~5倍モルであることが好ましい。より好ましくは1~4倍モル、さらに好ましくは1.2~3倍モルである。
塩素系酸化剤は、塩素安定化剤との反応により安定化塩素成分(結合塩素剤)を生成する。具体的には、塩素ガス、二酸化塩素、並びに、次亜塩素酸、亜塩素酸、塩素酸、過塩素酸、塩素化イソシアヌル酸、及びこれらの塩等が挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらのうち、次亜塩素酸もしくはその塩又は塩素化イソシアヌル酸が好ましく、より好ましくは次亜塩素酸塩が用いられる。次亜塩素酸塩としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸カリウム、次亜塩素酸カルシウム及び次亜塩素酸バリウム等が挙げられる。これらのうち、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが、入手容易性等の観点から好適に用いられる。
結合塩素剤の添加濃度(維持濃度)は、Cl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下、好ましくは1~5mg/Lである。添加濃度が0.3mg/L未満では、イソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減を十分に抑制することができず、イソチアゾリン化合物の残留率が著しく低下する。また、6mg/Lを超える場合も、イソチアゾリン化合物の残留率が著しく低下する。
なお、本発明における水系中の結合塩素剤のCl2換算濃度は、HACH社製の残留塩素計及び専用試薬を用いて測定された値である。
本発明の第1の態様の方法においては、水系において、イソチアゾリン化合物は上述した所定の添加濃度の範囲であり、かつ、結合塩素剤は上述した所定の添加濃度の範囲に維持されれば、これらの添加方法は特に限定されるものではない。イソチアゾリン化合物及び結合塩素剤は、固体として添加してもよく、あるいはまた、任意の濃度に調整した水溶液として添加してもよい。また、混合物として添加しても、別々に添加してもよい。別々に添加する場合、イソチアゾリン化合物及び結合塩素剤は、同時に添加しても、いずれか一方を先に添加してもよい。また、連続的に添加しても、間欠的に添加してもよい。
具体的には、例えば、開放循環冷却水系の場合、ブロー水中のイソチアゾリン化合物及び結合塩素剤の濃度を常時測定し、これらの測定値が前記所定濃度範囲に維持されるように、イソチアゾリン化合物の水溶液及び結合塩素剤の水溶液を、それぞれ自動的に連続注入可能な装置により、冷却水ピットに添加することが好ましい。
本発明のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法の第2の態様は、塩素安定化剤及び塩素系酸化剤からなる結合塩素剤がCl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下含まれる水系に、イソチアゾリン化合物を0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満の添加濃度で供給するものである。
このように所定濃度の結合塩素剤が含まれる水系に対して、イソチアゾリン化合物を所定濃度となるように供給してもよく、この場合も、前記第1の態様の方法と同様の効果が得られる。
第2の態様の方法の詳細は、添加方法以外は、上述した第1の態様の方法の説明と同様であるため、説明を省略する。なお、上述した結合塩素剤の添加濃度(維持濃度)は、第2の態様の方法においては、結合塩素剤の含有濃度に対応する。
本発明の第2の態様の方法においては、イソチアゾリン化合物が、所定濃度の結合塩素剤が含まれる水系において、上述した所定の添加濃度の範囲で供給されればよく、イソチアゾリン化合物の添加方法は特に限定されるものではない。イソチアゾリン化合物は、固体として添加してもよく、あるいはまた、任意の濃度に調整した水溶液として添加してもよい。また、連続的に添加しても、間欠的に添加してもよい。
具体的には、例えば、開放循環冷却水系の場合、ブロー水中のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度を常時測定し、この測定値が前記所定濃度の範囲に維持されるように、イソチアゾリン化合物の水溶液を自動的に連続注入可能な装置により、冷却水ピットに添加することが好ましい。
容量100mLのガラス製ねじ口ビンに、リン酸緩衝液でpH7.0に調整した試験水50mLを入れ、実際の冷却水系を模擬して、微生物としてレジオネラ属菌を初発菌数107CFU/100mlとなるように添加した。この試験水に、イソチアゾリン化合物としてCl-MITと、結合塩素剤としてモノクロロスルファミン酸(Cl2換算濃度)とを、下記表1に示す添加濃度で添加し、36℃に保持して静置培養した。
そして、24時間後のCl-MITの残留濃度を測定し、残留率(=残留濃度/添加濃度)を求めた。
なお、Cl-MIT濃度は、液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析法(LC-MS)で測定した(検出下限0.1ppb)。また、モノクロロスルファミン酸のCl2換算濃度(表1においては「Cl2」と表記。)は、HACH社製の残留塩素計及び専用試薬を用いて測定した。
また、24時間後のレジオネラ属菌の菌数を「新版レジオネラ症防止指針」(平成11年、財団法人 ビル管理教育センター発行、p.88-89)に記載の冷却遠心濃縮法により分析し、殺菌率を求めた。
また、Cl-MIT添加濃度が0.5mg/Lであっても、モノクロロスルファミン酸を未添加又は添加濃度がCl2換算濃度で8mg/Lの場合(試料11,16)は、Cl-MITの残留率がいずれも1%未満であり、ほとんど残留していなかった。
これらと比較して、Cl-MIT添加濃度が0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満、かつ、モノクロロスルファミン酸の添加濃度がCl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下の場合(試料5~10,12~15)は、Cl-MITの残留率が15%以上と高いことが認められた。また、モノクロロスルファミン酸の濃度の経時変化は、Cl-MIT添加濃度の影響を受けないことが確認された。
なお、Cl-MIT添加濃度が1.0mg/L以上と高い場合(試料17~19)は、モノクロロスルファミン酸の添加濃度に関係なく、Cl-MITの残留率は高かった。
(実施例1)
開放循環冷却水塔において、下記に示す運転条件下で、ブロー水におけるCl-MIT濃度が0.5mg/L(±10%範囲内)、ブロー水におけるモノクロロスルファミン酸濃度がCl2換算濃度で5mg/L(±10%範囲内)(上記の確認試験における試料15に対応)した場合、Cl-MITの合計使用量は48gであった。
なお、運転終了時のブロー水中のレジオネラ属菌数は10CFU/100ml未満であった。
<運転条件>
循環水量:62m3/hr
保有水量:0.5m3
ブロー水量:0.13m3/hr
補給水量:0.66m3/hr
補給水pH:7.0
循環水中のレジオネラ属菌数:3.1×103CFU/100ml
運転時間:1ヶ月間
Cl-MIT及びモノクロロスルファミン酸添加位置:冷却水ピット
実施例1において、ブロー水におけるCl-MIT濃度が1.0mg/L(±10%範囲内)、ブロー水におけるモノクロロスルファミン酸濃度がCl2換算濃度で3mg/L(±10%範囲内)(上記の確認試験における試料18に対応)に維持されるようにし、それ以外は実施例1と同様の運転条件とした場合のCl-MITの合計使用量は96gであった。
なお、運転終了時のブロー水中のレジオネラ属菌数は10CFU/100ml未満であった。
Claims (6)
- 水系に、イソチアゾリン化合物を0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満の添加濃度で供給し、塩素安定化剤及び塩素系酸化剤からなる結合塩素剤をCl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下に維持されるように添加する、イソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
- 塩素安定化剤及び塩素系酸化剤からなる結合塩素剤がCl2換算濃度で0.3mg/L以上6mg/L以下含まれる水系に、イソチアゾリン化合物を0.2mg/L以上1mg/L未満の添加濃度で供給する、イソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
- 前記イソチアゾリン化合物は、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-エチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、5-クロロ-2-エチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、5-クロロ-2-t-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、4,5-ジクロロ-2-シクロヘキシル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン及び1,2-ベンゾイソチアゾリン-3-オンのうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
- 前記塩素安定化剤は、スルファミン酸及びその誘導体のうちから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
- 前記塩素系酸化剤が次亜塩素酸塩である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
- 前記水系が開放循環冷却水系又は膜濃縮水系である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のイソチアゾリン化合物の濃度低減抑制方法。
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MY185026A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
US10765115B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 |
EP3375287A4 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
TWI677485B (zh) | 2019-11-21 |
CN108347934A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
JP6020697B1 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
BR112018009102A8 (pt) | 2019-02-26 |
EP3375287A1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
JP2017088534A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
BR112018009102A2 (ja) | 2018-11-06 |
SG11201803801PA (en) | 2018-06-28 |
TW201716357A (zh) | 2017-05-16 |
CN108347934B (zh) | 2021-06-04 |
US20190059380A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
MX2018005669A (es) | 2018-08-01 |
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