WO2017077799A1 - 水力発電装置および発電システム - Google Patents
水力発電装置および発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017077799A1 WO2017077799A1 PCT/JP2016/079261 JP2016079261W WO2017077799A1 WO 2017077799 A1 WO2017077799 A1 WO 2017077799A1 JP 2016079261 W JP2016079261 W JP 2016079261W WO 2017077799 A1 WO2017077799 A1 WO 2017077799A1
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- braking force
- generator
- hydroelectric
- control device
- power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/08—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/18—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydroelectric generator and a power generation system, and more particularly to control of a small hydroelectric generator.
- Hydropower generator is a system that uses the kinetic energy of running water for power generation.
- the hydroelectric generator includes, as main components, a water turbine that rotates by receiving a flow of water, a generator that is connected to the water turbine and converts rotational energy into electric energy, and a controller that controls the output of the generator and the water turbine. . Since the optimal power to be extracted from the generator varies depending on the flow velocity, the control device measures the flow velocity, the rotation speed of the turbine or the generator power generation voltage, determines the optimal power to be extracted from the generator, and determines the power amount of the generator. The generator is controlled so that the optimum values match.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-189837 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-202093 (Patent Document 2) disclose techniques for measures against dust generated by hydroelectric power generation.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example in which a dust removal facility for removing foreign substances is installed in a water channel upstream from a water turbine installation location.
- a dust removal facility for removing foreign substances is installed in a water channel upstream from a water turbine installation location.
- a simple dust remover such as a comb filter in the small hydroelectric generator.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method of crushing and removing dust by using a water turbine blade as a crushing blade for crushing foreign matter by using a generator as a motor. With such a measure, dust can be removed without a significant increase in cost.
- the small hydroelectric generator disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-202093 (Patent Document 2) has the following two problems.
- the control device in order to drive the generator as an electric motor, the control device must have an inverter function. Since a general generator control device has only functions of a rectifier circuit and a DC / DC converter, it is difficult to easily add such functions. Second, using an inverter to make a generator function as an electric motor is not power generation, which is the original purpose, but power consumption. The functioning of the generator as an electric motor that consumes electric power is an operation opposite to the original target power generation, and is not a desired operation. Furthermore, it is necessary to secure a power supply when functioning as an electric motor.
- the present invention is for solving the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a small-sized hydroelectric generator that is easy to maintain against dust and foreign matter while suppressing cost.
- the present invention is a hydroelectric power generation device, comprising: a turbine, a braking force generator that applies braking force to the rotation of the turbine, and a braking force generator that controls the braking force to increase and decrease repeatedly. And a control device for changing or stopping the rotation speed of the water wheel.
- the braking force generator includes an electric, mechanical, or fluid braking device that operates the braking force on the rotating shaft of the water turbine.
- the control device increases or decreases the braking force by repeatedly operating and releasing the braking device.
- the braking force generator includes a generator that generates electric power by rotating a water wheel.
- the control device increases or decreases the braking force by changing the electric power extracted from the generator.
- the braking force generator is controlled to include
- control device executes a braking force control for controlling the braking force generation unit so that the braking force repeatedly increases and decreases when the driving condition is satisfied, and the driving condition is determined by the amount of power generated by the hydroelectric generator. Includes falling below the threshold.
- control device executes a braking force control that controls the braking force generation unit so that the braking force repeatedly increases and decreases when the driving condition is satisfied, and the driving condition is a threshold value of a rotation speed of the water turbine. Including that it falls below the value.
- control device executes a braking force control that controls the braking force generation unit so that the braking force repeatedly increases and decreases when the driving condition is satisfied, and the driving condition is determined by the generated voltage of the hydroelectric generator. Includes falling below the threshold.
- control device executes a braking force control for controlling the braking force generator so that the braking force repeatedly increases and decreases when the driving condition is satisfied, and the driving condition is the execution of the previous braking force control. It includes that a predetermined time has passed since the time.
- the control device executes a braking force control that controls the braking force generation unit so that the braking force repeatedly increases and decreases when at least two of the first to fourth operating conditions are satisfied.
- the first operating condition includes that the amount of power generated by the hydroelectric generator is lower than a first threshold value.
- the second operating condition includes that the rotational speed of the water wheel is lower than the second threshold value.
- the third operating condition includes that the power generation voltage of the hydroelectric generator has decreased below the third threshold value.
- the fourth operating condition includes that a predetermined time has elapsed since the previous execution of the braking force control.
- the present invention in a small hydroelectric generator, it is possible to remove dust and the like adhering to the water turbine while suppressing an increase in cost, and it is possible to prevent a decrease in power generation amount.
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing a schematic shape of a hydroelectric generator common to Embodiments 1 to 3.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing a schematic shape of a hydroelectric generator common to Embodiments 1 to 3.
- 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a hydroelectric generator according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining relay control of a CPU in the configuration example of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a hydroelectric generator according to Embodiment 2. It is a flowchart for demonstrating control which removes the dust adhering to a water wheel in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a hydroelectric generator according to Embodiment 3. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the control which removes the dust adhering to a water wheel in FIG. It is a front view which shows schematic shape of the hydraulic power unit which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 4 is a side view
- FIG. 1 is a front view showing a schematic shape of a hydroelectric generator common to the first to third embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic shape of the hydroelectric generator common to the first to third embodiments.
- the hydroelectric generator includes a water turbine 1, a gear box 2, and a generator 3.
- the water turbine 1 has a horizontal axis type propeller-type rotor blade and is rotated by a water flow.
- the generator 3 is connected to the water wheel via the gear box 2. When the water turbine 1 rotates, the rotating shaft of the generator 3 also rotates.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the hydroelectric generator according to the first embodiment.
- the hydraulic power generation apparatus according to Embodiment 1 includes a water turbine 1, a generator 3, a rotation speed detector 6, and a control device 100.
- the water wheel 1 is rotated by the power of running water.
- a generator 3 is connected to the water turbine 1.
- the generator 3 generates power as the water turbine 1 rotates.
- the generator 3 is a three-phase synchronous generator, and its output is output as a three-phase alternating current.
- the three-phase AC output of the generator 3 is converted into DC by the rectifier circuit 4.
- a resistor 11 is connected to the DC voltage output via a relay 5. If the relay 5 is off, the direct current output is output as it is to the subsequent DC / AC converter 10. On the other hand, when the relay 5 is turned on, the rectified output is connected to the positive and negative lines via the resistor 11, and power is consumed by the resistor 11. If the resistance value of the resistor 11 is sufficiently small, a large amount of electric power is consumed, and the braking force in the generator 3 is increased.
- the generator 3 is a three-phase synchronous generator
- the present invention is not limited to the type of the generator, and may be an arbitrary one such as a three-phase induction generator or a DC generator. This type of generator can be used in combination with a control device corresponding to the generator type.
- the water wheel control device 100 measures the state of the generator 3 and can observe a decrease in the rotational speed of the water wheel 1 and a decrease in the amount of power generation when trash is tangled. At this time, the control device 100 controls the generator 3 to repeat braking (rotation speed decrease) and release (rotation speed increase). Garbage and aquatic plants entangled with the water turbine blades float from the water turbine 1 when the rotation speed of the water turbine 1 decreases and the water pressure and centrifugal force due to the rotation of the water turbine blades are weakened. On the other hand, when the rotation speed increases, the rotation of the water turbine 1 accelerates, so that the water pressure and centrifugal force increase, and a stronger force is applied to the dust and aquatic plants. When the generator 3 is repeatedly braked and released, dust and the like are easily lifted from the water turbine blades, and a force that pushes the water downstream is exerted, and the dust and the like are caused to flow downstream.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the relay control of the CPU in the configuration example of FIG. The process of this flowchart is called and executed at regular intervals from the main routine for generator control. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, in step S ⁇ b> 1, CPU 7 determines whether or not the dust removal operation condition is satisfied.
- the dust removal operation condition is established when the possibility that dust has adhered to the water turbine 1 increases. For example, when any one of the following conditions (1) to (4) is satisfied, the CPU 7 determines that the dust removal operation condition is satisfied. Note that the CPU 7 may determine that the dust removal operation condition is satisfied when a condition in which two or more of the conditions (1) to (4) are combined is satisfied.
- Requirement (1) The amount of power generated by the hydroelectric generator has fallen below a threshold value.
- Condition (2) The rotational speed of the water turbine 1 detected by the rotational speed detector 6 decreases and falls below a threshold value.
- Condition (3) The power generation voltage of the hydroelectric power generator is lower than the threshold value.
- Condition (4) A predetermined time has elapsed since the last time the dust removal operation condition was satisfied (or released).
- step S1 If it is determined in step S1 that the dust removal operation condition is not satisfied (NO in S1), the CPU 7 advances the process to step S9. In this case, control is returned to the main routine.
- step S1 determines whether the dust removal operation condition is satisfied (YES in S1), the CPU 7 executes the dust removal operation shown in steps S2 to S8.
- the CPU 7 controls the relay drive circuit 8 so that the relay 5 is repeatedly turned on and off. Specifically, in step S2, the CPU 7 clears a built-in counter. This counter is a counter for measuring the number of repetitions. Subsequently, in step S3, the CPU 7 controls the relay drive circuit 8 so that the relay 5 is turned on. When the relay 5 is turned on, in step S4, the CPU 7 waits for a set time (for example, 1 to 3 seconds). While the relay 5 is on, the rectified output is connected to the positive and negative lines via the resistor 11, and power is consumed by the resistor 11. If the resistance value of the resistor 11 is sufficiently small, a large amount of electric power is consumed and a braking force is generated in the generator 3.
- a set time for example, 1 to 3 seconds
- step S5 the CPU 7 controls the relay drive circuit 8 so that the relay 5 is turned off.
- step S6 the CPU 7 waits for a set time (for example, 1 to 3 seconds). While the relay 5 is off, the rectified output is output via the DC / AC converter 10. In this case, the load on the generator 3 is lighter than when the power is consumed by the resistor 11.
- step S8 determines whether or not the count value of the counter has reached the upper limit value (set number of increase / decrease repetitions). In step S8, if the count value has not yet reached the upper limit value, the CPU 7 returns the process to step S3 and turns on the relay again.
- step S8 if the count value reaches the upper limit value in step S8, the process proceeds to step S9, and the dust removal operation per time is completed.
- the load of the generator 3 connected to the water turbine 1 of the hydroelectric generator is varied by increasing or decreasing the power consumed by the resistor 11.
- the rotational speed of the generator 3 is changed, and the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 connected to the generator 3 is changed.
- the foreign matter adhering to the water wheel 1 can be removed by applying a force during acceleration, floating up when decelerating, and flowing downstream with the force of water flow. Therefore, there is an effect of recovering the power generation amount that is reduced due to the foreign matter.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the hydroelectric generator according to Embodiment 2.
- the hydraulic power generation apparatus according to Embodiment 2 includes a water turbine 1, a generator 3, a rotation speed detector 6, and a control device 100A.
- the control device 100A includes a CPU 7A, a rectifier circuit 4, a DC / DC converter 9, and a DC / AC converter 10. Since water turbine 1, generator 3, rectifier circuit 4, and rotational speed detector 6 are the same as those shown in FIG. 3, the description thereof will not be repeated.
- the CPU 7A outputs a current command signal SA to the DC / DC converter 9.
- the DC / DC converter 9 takes out power from the output of the rectifier circuit 4 in accordance with the command of the current command signal SA, and outputs a current as commanded to the DC / AC converter 10. Along with this, the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 9 rises.
- the DC / AC converter 10 outputs power to the subsequent stage.
- the DC / AC converter 10 is configured to suppress an increase in the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 9 by outputting more power to the subsequent stage.
- the optimum power that can be extracted from the water turbine 1 is determined by the flow rate of water received by the water turbine 1.
- the flow rate and the number of rotations of the generator 3 are substantially proportional.
- the optimum power can be determined. If the electric power exceeding the optimum electric power is taken out from the generator 3, the rotational speed of the generator 3 is reduced. At this time, the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 connected to the generator 3 also decreases.
- the electric power taken out from the generator 3 is less than the optimum value, for example, zero, the rotational speed of the generator increases, and the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 connected to the generator 3 also increases.
- the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the electric power extracted from the generator 3.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining control for removing dust adhering to the water wheel in the configuration of FIG. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, in step S11, CPU 7A determines whether or not the dust removal operation condition is satisfied.
- the dust removal operation condition is established when the possibility that dust has adhered to the water turbine 1 increases.
- conditions (1) to (4) or a combination thereof those described in the first embodiment can be applied, and therefore description thereof will not be repeated here.
- step S11 If it is determined in step S11 that the dust removal operation condition is not satisfied (NO in S11), the CPU 7A advances the process to step S19. In this case, control is returned to the main routine.
- step S11 when it is determined in step S11 that the dust removal operation condition is satisfied (YES in S11), the CPU 7A executes the dust removal operation shown in steps S12 to S18.
- the CPU 7A increases or decreases the current command value to the DC / DC converter 9 as the dust removal operation. For example, when the CPU 7A detects a decrease in the rotational speed of the generator 3 from the rotational speed detector 6, the CPU 7A outputs the current command signal SA so that the output current repeats the maximum value and zero, thereby decelerating the water turbine 1. And repeat acceleration.
- step S12 the CPU 7A clears the built-in counter. This counter is a counter for measuring the number of repetitions. Subsequently, in step S13, the CPU 7A sets the current command signal SA so that the DC / DC converter 9 maximizes the output current, and then in step S14, the CPU 7A waits for a set time (for example, 1 to 3 seconds). . While the output current of the DC / DC converter 9 is maximized, a large amount of electric power is consumed and a large braking force is generated in the generator 3.
- a set time for example, 1 to 3 seconds
- step S15 the CPU 7A sets the current command signal SA so that the DC / DC converter 9 sets the output current to zero, and then in step S16, the CPU 7A waits for a set time (for example, 1 to 3 seconds). In this case, since the load on the generator 3 is lighter than when the current command signal SA is set to the maximum current, the rotational speed of the generator 3 increases.
- the CPU 7A increments the counter in step S17, and determines in step S18 whether or not the count value of the counter has reached an upper limit value (set number of increase / decrease repetitions). If the count value has not yet reached the upper limit value in step S18, the CPU 7A returns the process to step S13, and sets the current command signal SA so as to maximize the output current again.
- step S18 if the count value reaches the upper limit value in step S18, the process proceeds to step S19, and the dust removal operation per time is completed.
- the load of the generator 3 connected to the water turbine 1 of the hydroelectric generator is varied by increasing or decreasing the current command value of the DC / DC converter 9.
- the rotational speed of the generator 3 is changed, and the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 connected to the generator 3 is changed.
- the foreign matter adhering to the water wheel 1 can be removed by applying a force during acceleration, floating up when decelerating, and flowing downstream with the force of water flow. Therefore, there is an effect of recovering the power generation amount that is reduced due to the foreign matter.
- the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 is increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the load of the generator 3.
- a braking device 12 other than the generator 3 may be provided on the rotating shaft of the water turbine to generate a braking force.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the hydroelectric generator according to the third embodiment.
- the hydraulic power generation apparatus according to Embodiment 3 includes a water turbine 1, a generator 3, a rotation speed detector 6, a braking device 12, and a control device 100B.
- the control device 100B includes a CPU 7B, a rectifier circuit 4, and a DC / AC converter 10. Since water turbine 1, generator 3, rectifier circuit 4, and rotational speed detector 6 are the same as those shown in FIG. 3, the description thereof will not be repeated.
- a mechanical brake that converts kinetic energy into heat by friction can be used.
- an electromagnetic brake or a disc brake can be used as the braking device 12.
- the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 can be increased or decreased or the rotation can be stopped by increasing or decreasing the braking force generated by the braking device 12.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining control for removing dust adhering to the water wheel in the configuration of FIG. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, in step S21, CPU 7B determines whether or not the dust removal operation condition is satisfied.
- the dust removal operation condition is established when the possibility that dust has adhered to the water turbine 1 increases.
- conditions (1) to (4) or a combination thereof those described in the first embodiment can be applied, and therefore description thereof will not be repeated here.
- step S21 If it is determined in step S21 that the dust removal operation condition is not satisfied (NO in S21), the CPU 7B advances the process to step S29. In this case, control is returned to the main routine.
- step S21 when it is determined in step S21 that the dust removal operation condition is satisfied (YES in S21), the CPU 7B executes the dust removal operation shown in steps S22 to S28.
- the CPU 7B increases or decreases the braking force of the braking device 12 as the dust removal operation. For example, when the CPU 7B detects a decrease in the rotational speed of the generator 3 from the rotational speed detector 6, the CPU 7B outputs a command signal to the braking device 12 so that the braking force repeats the maximum value and zero, thereby Repeat 1 deceleration and acceleration.
- step S22 the CPU 7B clears the built-in counter. This counter is a counter for measuring the number of repetitions. Subsequently, in step S23, the CPU 7B sets a command signal SB so that the braking device 12 generates a braking force (brake ON). Thereafter, in step S24, the CPU 7B waits for a set time (for example, 1 to 10 seconds) in the brake ON state.
- a set time for example, 1 to 10 seconds
- step S25 the CPU 7B sets a command signal SB so that the braking device 12 does not generate a braking force (brake OFF). Thereafter, in step S26, the CPU 7B waits for a set time (for example, 1 to 10 seconds) in the brake OFF state.
- a set time for example, 1 to 10 seconds
- step S27 the CPU 7B increments the counter in step S27, and determines in step S28 whether or not the count value of the counter has reached an upper limit value (set number of increase / decrease repetitions).
- step S28 if the count value has not yet reached the upper limit value, the CPU 7B returns the process to step S23 and turns on the brake again.
- step S28 if the count value reaches the upper limit value in step S28, the process proceeds to step S29, and the dust removal operation per time is completed.
- the braking device 12 is installed in the generator 3 connected to the water turbine 1 of the hydroelectric generator, and the braking device 12 is repeatedly turned on and off. Thereby, the rotational speed of the generator 3 is changed, and the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 connected to the generator 3 is changed.
- the foreign matter adhering to the water wheel 1 can be removed by applying a force during acceleration, floating up when decelerating, and flowing downstream with the force of water flow. Therefore, there is an effect of recovering the power generation amount that is reduced due to the foreign matter.
- the braking device 12 of the third embodiment is added to the configuration of the first or second embodiment, and the control for varying the electric power extracted from the generator 3 and the variation control of the braking force of the braking device 12 are combined. Also good.
- the set time of S4, S14, and S24 and the set time of S6, S16, and S26 are fixed values while being repeated up to the upper limit value of the counter, but the set time is changed. You may let them.
- Trash and aquatic plants vary in size and shape, and some trash is more likely to come off when the rotation speed of the water wheel is changed in small increments, while other forms of trash are more likely to come off when the rotation speed is changed in a large cycle. It is possible to deal with foreign objects of various sizes and shapes by changing the rhythm of braking and releasing repeatedly and the strength of braking and releasing without constant values.
- a change pattern of the set time is predetermined and stored in the memory, and when the set time is read out from the memory and set every time the loop is turned in the flowcharts of FIGS.
- the rotation speed of the water turbine 1 can be changed with the change pattern. What is necessary is just to determine and adopt a change pattern in which dust is easily removed.
- FIG. 9 is a front view showing a schematic shape of the hydroelectric generator according to the fourth embodiment.
- the hydraulic power generation apparatus according to Embodiment 4 includes a water turbine 1 ⁇ / b> A and a generator 3.
- the water turbine 1 ⁇ / b> A has a vertical axis type rotary blade and rotates by a water flow.
- the generator 3 is connected to the rotating shaft of the water turbine 1A. When the water wheel 1A rotates, the rotating shaft of the generator 3 also rotates.
- FIGS. 3 to 8 can be used in combination in the same manner for the water turbine 1A shown in FIG. Since the control devices and flowcharts shown in FIGS. 3 to 8 have been described in the first to third embodiments, description thereof will not be repeated here.
- the vertical axis type water turbine 1 ⁇ / b> A is a straight wing type and exemplifies a configuration in which the upper and lower ends of the wing are bent toward the rotation axis, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- other types such as a Darius type, a gyromill type, a Savonius type, a cross flow type, a paddle type, and an S-type rotor type may be used.
- the rotational speed of the generator 3 can be changed, and the rotational speed of the water turbine 1A connected to the generator 3 can be changed.
- the foreign matter attached to the water turbine 1A can be removed by applying a force during acceleration, floating up when decelerating, and flowing downstream with the force of water flow. Therefore, there is an effect of recovering the power generation amount that is reduced due to the foreign matter.
- the hydraulic power generation apparatus controls the turbine 1 by controlling the turbine 1, a braking force generator that applies braking force to the rotation of the turbine 1, and the braking force generator so as to repeatedly increase and decrease the braking force.
- 1 is provided with control devices 100, 100A, and 100B that vary the rotational speed of one.
- the braking force generator includes an electrical or mechanical braking device 12 that operates the braking force on the rotating shaft of the water turbine 1.
- the control device 100B increases or decreases the braking force by repeating the operation and release of the braking device 12.
- the braking force generator includes a generator 3 that generates power by the rotation of the water turbine 1.
- the control devices 100, 100 ⁇ / b> A, 100 ⁇ / b> B increase or decrease the braking force by changing the electric power extracted from the generator 3.
- control device 100, 100A, 100B repeats increasing / decreasing braking force
- the period in which braking force increases / decreases in the first cycle (eg, 1 to 3 seconds) differs from the first cycle in time length.
- the braking force generator is controlled so as to include a period during which the braking force increases or decreases in the second cycle (for example, 5 to 10 seconds).
- the first and second cycles are not limited to the above example, and other times may be adopted.
- control devices 100, 100A, and 100B repeatedly increase and decrease the braking force when the dust removal operation conditions of FIGS. 1, 4, and 8 are satisfied (YES in S1, S11, and S21).
- the braking force control for controlling the braking force generator is executed.
- the dust removal operation condition includes that the amount of power generated by the hydroelectric power generator is lower than a threshold value.
- control devices 100, 100A, and 100B repeatedly increase and decrease the braking force when the dust removal operation conditions of FIGS. 1, 4, and 8 are satisfied (YES in S1, S11, and S21).
- the braking force control for controlling the braking force generator is executed.
- the dust removal operation condition includes that the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 is lower than a threshold value.
- control devices 100, 100A, and 100B repeatedly increase and decrease the braking force when the dust removal operation conditions of FIGS. 1, 4, and 8 are satisfied (YES in S1, S11, and S21).
- the braking force control for controlling the braking force generator is executed.
- the dust removal operation condition includes that the power generation voltage of the hydroelectric power generator is lower than a threshold value.
- control devices 100, 100A, and 100B repeatedly increase and decrease the braking force when the dust removal operation conditions of FIGS. 1, 4, and 8 are satisfied (YES in S1, S11, and S21).
- the braking force control for controlling the braking force generator is executed.
- the dust removal operation condition includes that a predetermined time has elapsed since the previous execution of the braking force control. In this case, the dust removal operation is performed at regular time intervals regardless of changes in the power generation amount.
- the control devices 100, 100A, and 100B control the braking force generator so that the braking force repeatedly increases and decreases when at least two of the following first to fourth operating conditions are satisfied.
- the braking force control is executed.
- the first operating condition includes that the amount of power generated by the hydroelectric generator is lower than a first threshold value.
- the second operating condition includes that the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 has decreased below the second threshold value.
- the third operating condition includes that the power generation voltage of the hydroelectric generator has decreased below the third threshold value.
- the fourth operating condition includes that a predetermined time has elapsed since the previous execution of the braking force control.
- the speed fluctuation range of the water turbine 1 is sufficiently obtained by repeatedly increasing and decreasing the braking force from the predetermined rotational speed.
- the flow rate of water received by the water turbine 1 varies greatly in the long term, and may be greatly reduced in a season with little rainfall. Accordingly, the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 also decreases, and even when the braking force increase / decrease operation is repeated from the state in which the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 decreases, the fluctuation range of the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 is small, and predetermined dust removal is performed. The effect may not be obtained.
- the water turbine 1 has a horizontal axis type propeller type rotor blade.
- the water turbine 1 ⁇ / b> A has a vertical axis type rotor blade.
- the above hydroelectric generators in a power generation system that performs ocean current power generation or tidal power generation or wave power generation that converts kinetic energy of running water into electric power, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the amount of power generation due to garbage. Is possible.
- the foreign matter can be removed by generating a braking force that is increased or decreased by the generator or the braking device to change the rotational speed of the water turbine.
- a braking force that is increased or decreased by the generator or the braking device to change the rotational speed of the water turbine.
- the first advantage is that if there is a braking function, the rotational speed of the water turbine can be changed, so that it can also be implemented by a hydroelectric power generation controller that does not have an inverter function (motor drive function).
- the second advantage can be realized if there is a braking function, the amount of power generation is reduced during the dust removal operation, but the power is not consumed, and the power generation function that is the function of the original generator The power source of the electric motor at the time of dust removal operation is also unnecessary.
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Abstract
Description
図3は、実施の形態1に係る水力発電装置の構成を示すブロック図である。図3を参照して、実施の形態1に係る水力発電装置は、水車1と、発電機3と、回転速度検出器6と、制御装置100とを含む。
図5は、実施の形態2に係る水力発電装置の構成を示すブロック図である。図5を参照して、実施の形態2に係る水力発電装置は、水車1と、発電機3と、回転速度検出器6と、制御装置100Aとを含む。
実施の形態1,2では、発電機3の負荷を増減させることによって、水車1の回転速度を増減させた。このような制御に代えて、水車の回転軸に発電機3とは別の制動装置12を設けて制動力を発生させても良い。
以上説明した実施の形態1~3では、図1および図2に示した水平軸型のプロペラ式回転翼を有する水車によって流水を受けて発電を行なう発電装置を例に挙げて説明した。実施の形態4では、垂直軸型の回転翼を有する水車によって流水を受けて発電を行なう発電装置にも適用が可能であることを説明する。
好ましくは、流水が持つ運動エネルギーを電力に変換する海流発電または潮力発電または波力発電を行なう発電システムに、上記いずれかの水力発電装置を用いることによって、ゴミによる発電量の低下を防ぐことが可能となる。
Claims (13)
- 水車と、
前記水車の回転に制動力を与える制動力発生部と、
前記制動力が増減することを繰り返すように前記制動力発生部を制御することによって、前記水車の回転速度を変動または回転を停止させる制御装置とを備える、水力発電装置。 - 前記制動力発生部は、前記水車の回転軸に制動力を作動させる電気式または機械式または流体式の制動装置を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記制動装置の作動と解放とを繰り返すことによって前記制動力を増減させる、請求項1に記載の水力発電装置。 - 前記制動力発生部は、前記水車の回転によって発電を行なう発電機を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記発電機から取り出す電力を変動させることによって前記制動力を増減させる、請求項1または2に記載の水力発電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記制動力の増減を繰り返す場合において、第1の周期で制動力が増減する期間と、前記第1の周期と時間長が異なる第2の周期で制動力が増減する期間とを含むように前記制動力発生部を制御する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。
- 前記制御装置は、運転条件が成立した場合に、前記制動力が増減することを繰り返すように前記制動力発生部を制御する制動力制御を実行し、
前記運転条件は、前記水力発電装置の発電量がしきい値よりも低下したことを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、運転条件が成立した場合に、前記制動力が増減することを繰り返すように前記制動力発生部を制御する制動力制御を実行し、
前記運転条件は、前記水車の回転速度がしきい値よりも低下したことを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、運転条件が成立した場合に、前記制動力が増減することを繰り返すように前記制動力発生部を制御する制動力制御を実行し、
前記運転条件は、前記水力発電装置の発電電圧がしきい値よりも低下したことを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、運転条件が成立した場合に、前記制動力が増減することを繰り返すように前記制動力発生部を制御する制動力制御を実行し、
前記運転条件は、前回の前記制動力制御の実行時から所定の時間が経過したことを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、第1~第4の運転条件のうち少なくとも2つ以上が成立した場合に、前記制動力が増減することを繰り返すように前記制動力発生部を制御する制動力制御を実行し、
前記第1の運転条件は、前記水力発電装置の発電量が第1しきい値よりも低下したことを含み、
前記第2の運転条件は、前記水車の回転速度が第2しきい値よりも低下したことを含み、
前記第3の運転条件は、前記水力発電装置の発電電圧が第3しきい値よりも低下したことを含み、
前記第4の運転条件は、前回の前記制動力制御の実行時から所定の時間が経過したことを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。 - 前記発電機から取り出す電力を低下させることによって前記水車の回転速度を増加させた後、前記制動力が増減することを繰り返すように前記制動力発生部を制御する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。
- 前記水車は、水平軸型のプロペラ式回転翼を有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。
- 前記水車は、垂直軸型の回転翼を有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の水力発電装置を用いて、流水が持つ運動エネルギーを電力に変換する海流発電または潮力発電を行なう発電システム。
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MYPI2018701695A MY193164A (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-10-03 | Hydroelectric power generation apparatus and power generation system |
US15/771,997 US10677214B2 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2016-10-03 | Hydroelectric power generation apparatus and power generation system |
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JPS4938117A (ja) * | 1972-08-15 | 1974-04-09 | ||
JP2752215B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-07 | 1998-05-18 | 株式会社東芝 | 水車の非常停止装置 |
JP2008261327A (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-30 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | シャフトレス水車起動装置 |
JP2012197703A (ja) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-10-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | 水車監視制御装置及び水車監視制御方法 |
JP2015151914A (ja) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-24 | ナカシマプロペラ株式会社 | 流水発電装置 |
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JPS4938117A (ja) * | 1972-08-15 | 1974-04-09 | ||
JP2752215B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-07 | 1998-05-18 | 株式会社東芝 | 水車の非常停止装置 |
JP2008261327A (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-30 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | シャフトレス水車起動装置 |
JP2012197703A (ja) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-10-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | 水車監視制御装置及び水車監視制御方法 |
JP2015151914A (ja) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-24 | ナカシマプロペラ株式会社 | 流水発電装置 |
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