WO2017075943A1 - 控压气举排水采气设备及方法 - Google Patents

控压气举排水采气设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017075943A1
WO2017075943A1 PCT/CN2016/079119 CN2016079119W WO2017075943A1 WO 2017075943 A1 WO2017075943 A1 WO 2017075943A1 CN 2016079119 W CN2016079119 W CN 2016079119W WO 2017075943 A1 WO2017075943 A1 WO 2017075943A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
space
pressure
drainage
controlled
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PCT/CN2016/079119
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English (en)
French (fr)
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申茂和
许红保
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申茂和
许红保
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Priority to AU2016348874A priority Critical patent/AU2016348874A1/en
Priority to US15/773,161 priority patent/US10883350B2/en
Publication of WO2017075943A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017075943A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/13—Lifting well fluids specially adapted to dewatering of wells of gas producing reservoirs, e.g. methane producing coal beds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/08—Screens or liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
    • E21B43/108—Expandable screens or perforated liners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/04—Casing heads; Suspending casings or tubings in well heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressure controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device and method. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus for achieving drainage and gas production using a combination of pressure control technology and gas lift technology, and a method for collecting formation gas using the apparatus.
  • coalbed methane Corresponding to the mining mechanism of formation gas, such as coalbed methane, it has the following three stages:
  • the first stage is the drainage depressurization stage, in which the coal seam water is mainly discharged, and the production time may be several days or several months;
  • the second stage is the normal drainage stage. During this stage, the coalbed methane production is relatively stable, and the coal seam water production is gradually decreasing. This stage is generally the peak gas production stage;
  • the third stage is the stage of decline in coalbed methane production. At this stage, as the pressure drops, the production of coalbed methane decreases, and a small amount of coal seam water or trace coal seam water is produced.
  • the selected drainage and gas recovery method should take into account the change of displacement in the early and late stages, and the scope of application should be large. It is necessary to maintain a reasonable bottom hole pressure to facilitate the desorption of coalbed methane.
  • Drainage is to reduce the bottom hole pressure to facilitate coal Desorption of layer gas
  • different mining stages have different drainage requirements, the initial displacement is large, and the later displacement is correspondingly reduced.
  • Gas production is the purpose. In order to facilitate the desorption of coalbed methane, a reasonable bottomhole flow pressure should be maintained.
  • the pumping ground is a pumping unit, and the downhole is a tubular pump.
  • the power is transmitted from the ground through the sucker rod to the underground.
  • the plunger of the pumping pump reciprocates under the sucker rod column to lift the liquid in the wellbore to
  • the ground is a special form of reciprocating pump.
  • the pump type is adjusted according to the displacement change, and the frequency can be adjusted by the speed regulating motor, and the appropriate discharge intensity can be selected according to the situation of each well. It is only suitable for use on wells where the amount of liquid discharged is not large, the well inclination is not serious, and sand and coal powder are less. For wells with very high gas production or sand production, problems such as pumping and eccentric grinding are often caused, and special downhole design is required.
  • the screw pump is composed of a stator and a rotor.
  • the rotor rotates, and the closed space formed between the rotor and the stator changes position with the rotation of the rotor, and gradually advances along the axial direction of the screw pump, and the liquid in the closed space will be As it is discharged to the ground, the confined space that is continuously formed at the lower end will gradually move upward with the liquid, and thus circulates to achieve lift.
  • the screw pump has a simple structure, a small footprint, simple maintenance, and a large displacement range. Suitable for drainage wells with medium water production, high gas-liquid ratio and pump evacuation will cause serious wear problems. Once worn, all replacements will be required, and the cost will be high.
  • the electric submersible pump is a centrifugal pump that is submerged in the pumped medium.
  • the electric pump unit is driven down into the well through the oil pipe, and the multi-stage centrifugal pump device rotates at a high speed to discharge the fluid in the wellbore from the oil pipe.
  • the electric submersible pump has a large displacement range and a high lift range, which can form a large production pressure difference.
  • the frequency conversion speed regulation can be carried out according to the requirements of the liquid discharge change, the ground occupation area is small, the space is small, the service life is long, and the management is convenient.
  • the electric submersible pump has high requirements on the power supply quality and has certain requirements on the sinking degree of the pump. The current external environment and technical conditions are not mature enough, and there are not many centrifugal pumps.
  • the water jet pump is a type of hydraulic pump. There is no moving part.
  • the ground high-pressure power fluid passes through the nozzle to transfer energy to the production fluid of the formation to realize drainage. Firstly, the high-pressure liquid on the ground is injected into the oil pipe through the nozzle, and the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy.
  • the high-speed jetted fluid is mixed with the surrounding liquid to complete the energy transfer, and the mixed liquid also has a high speed.
  • the fluid spreads out through the nozzle the area suddenly, kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the bottom hole pressure is increased, and the liquid is discharged to the ground under the action of pressure.
  • the theoretical displacement range is large, the underground equipment has no moving parts, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but the lifting efficiency is low, less than 25%. In order to prevent gas corrosion, high suction pressure and sinking degree are required; the ground equipment is large, the maintenance cost is high, and the high working pressure cannot meet the production pressure difference requirement of the coalbed methane.
  • Gas lift is a lifting method that injects high-pressure gas into the gas lift pipe at a certain depth of the oil pipe.
  • the injected high-pressure gas enters the wellbore liquid, which reduces the density of the liquid column in the wellbore, reduces slippage, and reduces downhole flow pressure.
  • the conventional gas lift is taken from the casing and the oil pipe is drained.
  • the gas lift process itself has no moving parts, has a simple structure, is not affected by solid particles, is not affected by gas, has a large displacement range, and is suitable for high-angle wells. It is suitable for the early stage of drainage and gas production, and the liquid discharge amount is large. Due to the small amount of formation water in the late stage of discharge, the gas lift method is limited.
  • the control system calculates the pressure and displacement of the compressed air through the data of the liquid level collecting device, and then injects the compressed air from the compressed air injection port into the annulus between the outer wall of the double-walled pipe and the inner pipe of the double-walled pipe, through the single flow
  • the valve is thoroughly mixed inside the gas-liquid mixer, and under the action of the gas lift single-flow valve, the gas-liquid mixture is passed through the inner wall of the double-walled tube to the gas-liquid mixed fluid discharge port.
  • the above double pipe gas lift method requires a liquid level collecting device to be installed at the wellhead, and the control system uses the collected data to calculate and control the pressure and the gas pressure of the compressor, and the actual operation is complicated.
  • the gas lift method can only be applied to the initial stage of drainage and gas production with a large discharge volume, and the technology is also limited due to the small amount of formation water in the late stage of the discharge.
  • the gas lift method does not consider the filtration and pollution washing function, and it is inevitable to increase the cost of the workover.
  • the above prior art has technical defects. Specifically, the rod pump technology is mature and simple to operate, but it is difficult to adapt to the changing demand of the liquid discharge in different discharge stages, and the eccentric wear and the card pump have always been a big problem that plagues the on-site production; the screw pump has a simple structure and a small footprint. There is less water in the late stage of the discharge, the screw pump is easy to burn the pump in the case of pumping out. If there is serious wear, it is necessary to replace the whole set of downhole equipment; the electric submersible pump has a large displacement, but the working conditions are harsh, the cost is high, and the sinking degree in the late stage of the mining.
  • the hydraulic spray pump has a large theoretical displacement range, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but the lifting efficiency is low, the maintenance cost is high, and the high working pressure cannot meet the production pressure difference requirement of coalbed methane;
  • the amount of liquid discharged is large. Due to the small amount of formation water in the late stage of mining and drainage, the gas lift process is limited.
  • the newly introduced double-tube gas lift method is only suitable for drainage and drainage with large discharge volume. Initially, the ground control equipment is complex and unsuitable for maintenance.
  • a controlled pressure gas lift drainage gas collecting apparatus and method which combines a pressure control technique and a gas lift technique using an ordinary air pressure source (air compressor) It can meet the displacement requirements of different stages; the pressure control valve (downhole control valve) automatically controls the start and stop of the air compressor while maintaining the mining pressure, and improves the working efficiency; the equipment also avoids the eccentric wear and card existing in the traditional drainage process.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • the invention provides a controlled pressure gas lift drainage gas collecting device, which is used for collecting formation gas, and the controlled pressure gas lift drainage gas collecting device comprises embedded in the gas well and embedded in each other.
  • a set of inner tube, middle tube and outer tube wherein a first space inside the inner tube is in communication with a gas pressure source and a gas-liquid separation device; and the inner tube and the intermediate tube are surrounded by a second space in communication with the air pressure source and the gas-liquid separation device; and a third space enclosed between the intermediate tube and the outer layer tube is in communication with the collection channel of the formation gas; wherein the first space The space and the second space can achieve a single conduction, the second space and the third space can achieve a double-conducting; the inner tube is provided with a gas lift valve and according to the pressure in the second space An open and closed pressure control valve is connected to the air pressure source and is capable of controlling the operation of the air pressure source.
  • a single flow valve for achieving a single conduction from the second space to the first space is provided at a bottom of the inner tube, and a bottom is provided at the bottom of the inner tube
  • a first screen below the flow valve for filtering impurities, and a tail plug is disposed below the first screen.
  • a bidirectional valve for realizing the double conduction of the second space and the third space is disposed at a bottom of the intermediate tube, and a bottomed valve is disposed at a bottom of the intermediate tube A second screen below for filtering impurities.
  • the inner tube, the intermediate tube and the outer tube are concentrically arranged, and at the gas well port, a first tube for fixing the inner tube and communicating with the inner tube is provided A second tube hanging for securing the intermediate tube and communicating with the intermediate tube is provided and/or provided.
  • the bottom of the intermediate tube and the bottom of the outer tube are located below the formation containing the formation gas.
  • the gas lift valve and the pressure control valve are disposed in order from top to bottom.
  • a compressor can be used to compress natural gas or nitrogen.
  • the present invention also provides a pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas recovery method, which utilizes the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas production apparatus according to any one of the above technical solutions, the method comprising the following stages: a. drainage a step of depressurizing, in the initial state in which the first space, the second space, and the third space are filled with well fluid, using the air pressure source to input power gas to the second space, through the gas Lifting the valve from the first space to continuously lift the well fluid. In this stage, the well fluid in the third space enters the second space, and the well fluid in the second space enters the first a space in which the well fluid in the first space is gradually lifted and output to the gas-liquid separation device; b.
  • the continuous discharge stage after the drainage and gas production stage, using the air pressure source to input the power gas into the first space, using the pressure control A valve and the source of air pressure maintain a predetermined pressure within the first space and the second space, the well fluid is discharged from the second space and the formation gas is collected from the third space.
  • the inner tube is closed such that the first space and the second space are controllably turned on by the pressure control valve, the pressure control valve such that:
  • the pressure control valve such that:
  • the well fluid pressure of the second space reaches a design value
  • the motive gas in the first space enters the second space to automatically lift the well fluid in the second space in a gas lift manner
  • the pressure of the gas in the first space gradually rises, and after the pressure of the gas in the first space reaches a preset pressure value, the air pressure source stops.
  • the air pressure source When the first empty After the pressure of the gas in the chamber is lower than the preset pressure value, the air pressure source starts to work, and throughout the continuous drainage stage, the pressure control valve follows the well fluid in the second space Increasing or decreasing the automatic opening or closing, the pressure of the gas in the first space controls the starting and stopping of the air pressure source, thereby maintaining a predetermined pressure in the first space and the second space.
  • the method further includes the following steps: d. a cleaning stage, closing the first space, watering and cleaning the second space, and controlling the debris in the gas drainage equipment from the third The space is washed out, and then the drainage pressure reduction stage, the drainage gas production stage, and the continuous drainage stage are sequentially repeated to resume production.
  • the two-way valve disposed at the bottom of the intermediate tube is reversely opened under high pressure conditions, and water flows from the second space through the two-way valve to the third space, It then flows from the third space to the ground to complete the cleaning.
  • the present invention provides a pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device and method as follows: the pressure control technology and the gas lift technology are combined, and an ordinary air pressure source (air compressor) can be used to satisfy different stages. Displacement requirements; pressure control valve (downhole control valve) automatically controls the start and stop of the air compressor while maintaining the mining pressure, and improves the working efficiency; the equipment also avoids the eccentric wear, the card pump, the burning pump, etc. that exist in the traditional drainage process.
  • the problem has wide application range and can be used in multi-well and slave wells of one machine; after input and downhole gas-liquid separation, the input gas and the produced gas no longer need to be separated separately on the ground, and the configuration is simple and easy to maintain, and meets the long-term effective stable production and decline of modern drainage and gas production. Consumption requirements; can also meet the function of downhole filtration and self-washing wells.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of a pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the operation of the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device of FIG. 1 , which shows a schematic view of the operation of the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device in the initial stage of drainage and pressure reduction;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device of FIG. 1 , which shows a schematic view of the operation of the controlled pressure gas lift drainage gas collecting device in a normal drainage stage;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device of FIG. 1, which shows a schematic view of the well-pressing gas lift drainage gas collecting device performing a well washing operation.
  • the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device includes a small oil pipe 11, a large oil pipe 9, and a casing 8 which are embedded in the gas well and are nested in each other.
  • the small oil pipe 11, the large oil pipe 9 and the casing 8 are concentrically arranged.
  • a small oil pipe hanger 4 for fixing the small oil pipe 11 and communicating with the small oil pipe 11 is provided, and a large oil pipe hanger 5 for fixing the large oil pipe 9 and communicating with the large oil pipe 9 is provided.
  • the small tubing hang 4 and the large tubing hang 5 are arranged in a concentric manner.
  • a passage communicating with the space (first space) in the small oil pipe 11 is provided in the small oil pipe hanger 4, and a small air gap between the small oil pipe 11 and the large oil pipe 9 is provided in the large oil pipe hanger 5 (second The space) communicates with the passage, so that the space inside the small oil pipe 11 communicates with the air compressor 1 and the gas-liquid separator 6, and the small annulus enclosed between the small oil pipe 11 and the large oil pipe 9 is also associated with the air compressor 1 and the gas.
  • the liquid separator 6 is in communication.
  • the large annulus (third space) enclosed between the large oil pipe 9 and the casing 8 communicates with the coalbed methane collection passage (the portion of the gathering pipeline 19 for collecting coalbed methane).
  • An infusion control valve 2 for controlling the opening and closing of the channel is provided on each of the connected passages
  • One or more of the intake control valve 3 and the gas delivery control valve 20 are used for the purpose of controlling the opening and closing of each passage according to the working process.
  • the space inside the small oil pipe 11 and the small annulus are single-passed at different stages of gas production, and the conduction directions may be different at different stages.
  • the small annulus and the large annulus achieve a one-way conduction at different stages, and the conduction direction can be different at different stages.
  • the large oil pipe 9 and the casing 8 are disposed in the gas well, the bottoms of the large oil pipe 9 and the casing 8 are located below the gas layer 12 in the vertical height direction to ensure dehydration and exhaust. The process went smoothly.
  • the small oil pipe 11 is provided with a plurality of gas lift valves 7 and a downhole control valve 13 located below the gas lift valve 7 for monitoring during the normal discharge phase and maintaining the pressure of the small annulus.
  • the downhole control valve 13 is connected to the air compressor 1.
  • the downhole control valve 13 controls the space in the small oil pipe 11 to communicate/disconnect with the small annulus space according to the pressure of the small annulus and according to the small oil pipe.
  • the pressure in the space within 11 controls the operation (start and stop) of the air compressor 1.
  • a single-flow single-flow valve 14 for realizing a space from the small annulus to the small oil pipe 11 is provided at the bottom of the small oil pipe 11.
  • a small screen 15 for filtering impurities under the single flow valve 14 is provided at the bottom of the small oil pipe 11.
  • a tail plug 16 is disposed below the small screen 15 to ensure that the well fluid 10 flowing into the small oil pipe 11 is first filtered through the small screen 15.
  • a double-directional two-way valve 17 for achieving a small annulus and a large annulus is provided, and at the bottom of the large oil pipe 9, a large screen 18 for filtration is provided below the two-way valve.
  • the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device is configured as follows: air compressor 1, infusion control valve 2, intake control valve 3, small oil pipe hanging 4, large oil pipe hanging 5, gas-liquid separator 6, Downhole gas lift valve 7, casing 8, large oil pipe 9, small oil pipe 11, downhole control valve 13, single flow valve 14, small screen 15, tail plug 16, two-way valve 17, large screen 18, gathering pipeline 19 And a gas transmission control valve 20.
  • air compressor 1 infusion control valve 2
  • intake control valve 3 small oil pipe hanging 4
  • large oil pipe hanging 5 large oil pipe hanging
  • gas-liquid separator 6 Downhole gas lift valve 7, casing 8 large oil pipe 9, small oil pipe 11, downhole control valve 13, single flow valve 14, small screen 15, tail plug 16, two-way valve 17, large screen 18, gathering pipeline 19
  • a gas transmission control valve 20 a gas transmission control valve
  • the motive gas enters from the space between the large oil pipe 9 and the small oil pipe 11 (small annulus), and the small gas pipe is assembled from the small oil pipe through the plurality of gas lift valves 7 assembled on the small oil pipe 11.
  • 11 Medium gas lift (lift) liquid 11 Medium gas lift (lift) liquid.
  • This process is a continuous gas lift, and the flow rate is controlled by the infusion control valve 2 to keep the pressure of the entire device from dropping smoothly.
  • the well fluid 10 in the small annulus can only enter the small oil pipe 11 via the small screen 15 and the single flow valve 14, and the well fluid 10 in the small oil pipe 11 is gradually lifted by the gas and liquid to the ground. 6.
  • the two-way valve 17 at the bottom of the large oil pipe 9 is equivalent to a single-flow valve that can flow upward at this stage.
  • the well fluid in the casing 8 (large annulus) can only enter the small annulus via the two-way valve 17 and the large screen 18.
  • the motive gas enters from the small oil pipe 11 and the liquid is discharged by the small annulus.
  • the single flow valve 14 is closed.
  • a downhole control valve 13 is provided above the single flow valve 14 as a key component of the downhole, so that when the small annular liquid column pressure reaches a design value, the valve automatically opens, and the power gas in the small oil pipe 11 enters the small annulus to the gas.
  • the method automatically raises the well fluid 10 in the small loop air; when the small loop liquid column pressure is lower than the set value, the valve automatically closes, and the pressure value of the gas in the small oil pipe 11 gradually rises after the valve is closed.
  • the air compressor 1 After the pressure of the gas in the small oil pipe 11 reaches the preset pressure value, the air compressor 1 is stopped; after the pressure of the gas in the small oil pipe 11 is lower than the preset pressure value, the air compressor 1 starts to work. In the entire gas production stage, coalbed methane is produced from the large annulus.
  • the downhole control valve 13 is automatically opened or closed as the effusion in the small annulus increases or decreases, and the pressure of the gas in the small oil pipe 11 controls the automatic start and stop of the air compressor 1. This process is repeated, and the water flowing out of the gas layer 12 is continuously lifted.
  • the apparatus of the present invention can sufficiently achieve the object of the present invention by employing the structure and working process of the specific embodiments described above. However, what needs to be explained is:
  • pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas collecting device is inserted into the gas well in a vertical manner in the drawings of the above specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the pressure-controlled gas lift drainage gas production device of the present invention inserted into the gas well can also be tilted.
  • single-pass means that a single-way conduction is achieved between the large oil pipe 9 and the small oil pipe 11 at each stage of the coalbed methane discharge, but the conduction directions of the different stages may be different. For example, in the initial stage of the drain pressure reduction stage, only the well fluid 10 in the small annulus between the large oil pipe 9 and the small oil pipe 11 is allowed to flow into the small oil pipe 11 through the single flow valve 14; while in the normal discharge stage, the small oil pipe is allowed. The gas of 11 enters the small annulus through the downhole control valve 13.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the large oil pipe 9, the small oil pipe 11 and the sleeve 8 can be arranged in different hearts as needed.
  • Large oil pipe hanging 5 and small oil pipe hanging 4 can also be configured in different ways.
  • the present invention can adopt the following alternative technical solutions.
  • a concentric double pipe column is adopted, and the large oil pipe 9 and the small oil pipe 11 are respectively used as a liquid discharge passage and a gas lift air supply passage at different stages, and casing gas production is small.
  • a downhole gas lift valve 7 and a downhole control valve 13 are installed on the oil pipe 11.
  • the large oil pipe 9 and the small oil pipe 11 may be replaced by a combination of a common oil pipe and a hollow sucker rod, respectively, and a downhole gas lift valve 7 and a downhole control valve 13 are installed on the hollow sucker rod.
  • the downhole gas lift valve 7 and the downhole control valve 13 are installed on the small oil pipe 11, and in practice, if the gas layer is buried shallow, the underground gas lift can be installed only on the small oil pipe 11. Valve 13. In this case, the a process can be omitted and the production process can be performed in the order of c and b.
  • the formation gas to which the present invention relates is not limited to the coalbed methane.
  • the formation gas of the present invention also includes shale Gas, non-condensate gas, etc.
  • the present invention achieves the following advantages: the device is simple, the device disclosed in the present invention has a simple structure, adopts conventional equipment, but can fully meet the special requirements of coalbed methane mining; the cost is low, and the gas lift is adopted.
  • Process drainage there are no problems such as partial grinding, card pump, burning pump; the column itself has the function of filtering and self-washing, the filtering function can reduce the pollution of the column, and the self-washing function provides a well washing scheme for pollution, without removing the tube Column; realizes gas-liquid separation downhole, uses ordinary air compressor 1 after liquid-gas separation, does not need complicated separation treatment of coalbed methane on the ground; underground control valve 13 controls ground compressor operation, air compressor can be used for more Wells and slave wells improve operating efficiency.
  • the critical equipment downhole control valve 13 can also be equipped with a special fishing tool for easy replacement.

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Abstract

一种控压气举排水采气设备及利用该控压气举排水采气设备进行地层气采集的方法。该控压气举排水采气设备采用压力控制技术和气举技术相结合实现排水采气，包括埋设于气井内的、彼此嵌套配置的内层管（11）、中间管（9）以及外层管（8），内层管（11）设置有气举阀（7）和压力控制阀（13），压力控制阀（13）与气压源（1）连接并且能够控制气压源（1）的工作。通过采用上述技术方案，提供了一种设备结构简单、成本低、采气效果好且适应性强的控压气举排水采气设备及方法。

Description

控压气举排水采气设备及方法
本申请要求2015年11月2日在中国递交的申请号为201520863272.4、名称为“煤层气排采设备”的实用新型的优先权，并以引用的方式将该实用新型的全部内容合并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控压气举排水采气设备及方法。更具体地，本发明涉及一种采用压力控制技术和气举技术相结合实现排水采气的设备以及采用该设备进行地层气采集的方法。
背景技术
在地层气开发过程中，需要不断排出地层的水以降低地层压力。
对应于地层气、例如煤层气的开采机理，具有以下3个阶段：
第1阶段为排水降压阶段，在本阶段内主要排出煤层水，生产时间可能为几天或数月；
第2阶段为正常排采阶段，在本阶段内煤层气产量相对稳定，煤层水产量逐渐下降，本阶段一般为高峰产气阶段；
第3阶段为煤层气产量下降阶段，此阶段随着压力下降，煤层气产量下降，并产出少量煤层水或微量煤层水。
综上可知，在整个煤层气生产过程中，煤层水产量变化大，早期会产出大量的煤层水；然后，煤层水产量相对减少，甚至很小。因此，所选用的排水采气方法应兼顾前后期排水量变化，适用范围要大，需要能够维持一个合理的井底压力，以有利于煤层气解吸。
对于煤层气开采，排水采气是核心。排水是为了降低井底压力以利于煤 层气的解吸，不同的开采阶段有不同的排采要求，初期排水量大，后期排水量相应减小。采气是目的，为了有利煤层气的解吸，要维持一个合理的井底流压。
为了实现上述排水采气，现有的方法有：
A有杆泵
有杆泵地面为抽油机,井下为管式泵，动力从地面经过抽油杆传到地下，抽油泵的柱塞在抽油杆柱的带动下往复运动，将井筒中的液体举升到地面，属于一种特殊形式的往复泵。在排采不同阶段,根据排量变化调整泵型,并可通过调速电机调频,根据各井情况选择适当的排采强度。仅适合于排液量不大,井斜不严重,出砂、煤粉较少的井上使用。对于产气量极高或出砂的井,常造成卡泵、偏磨等问题，需要进行特殊的井下设计。
B螺杆泵
螺杆泵由定子和转子组成,生产时，转子转动，转子和定子之间形成的密闭空间会随着转子的转动不断变换位置，逐渐沿着螺杆泵轴向方向前进，密闭空间内的液体就会随着向地面排出，下端不断形成的密闭空间会陆续地带着液体向上移动，如此循环，实现举升。螺杆泵结构简单,占地面积小、维护简单，排量范围较大。适合产水量中等的排采井，气液比过高和泵抽空都会造成严重的磨损问题，一旦磨损就要全部更换，成本较高。
C电潜泵
电潜泵是潜没在被泵送介质中的离心泵，将电泵机组装置通过油管下入井下，多级离心泵装置高速旋转，将井筒中流体从油管中排出。电潜泵排量范围大,扬程高，可形成较大的生产压差，可根据排液变化要求进行变频调速，地面占用面积小、空间小、使用寿命长、便于管理。电潜泵对供电质量要求较高，对泵的沉没度有一定要求。目前的外部环境和技术条件不够成熟，离心泵用的不多。
D水力喷射泵
水力喷射泵是水力泵的一种类型，没有运动部件，靠地面高压动力液经过喷嘴将能量传递给地层的产出液实现排采。首先通过喷嘴把地面的高压液体注入油管，把压能转化为动能，高速喷射的流体与周围的液体混合完成能量的传递，混合液也具有很高的速度，流体经过喷嘴向外扩散时，面积突然增大，动能转换成压能，井底压力增加，液体就会在压力的作用下排出地面。理论排量范围大，井下设备没有运动部件，耐磨抗腐蚀，但举升效率低，小于25％。为防止气腐蚀，需要较高的吸入压力和沉没度；地面设备庞大，维护成本高，较高的工作压力不能满足煤层气的生产压差要求。
E常规气举法
气举是在油管的一定深度将外来的高压气体注入气举管内的一种举升方式，注入的高压气体进入井筒液体中，降低了井筒内液柱的密度，减少滑脱，降低了井底流压。常规气举从套管进气，油管排液。气举工艺本身没有运动部件，结构简单，不受固体颗粒影响，不受气体影响，排量范围大，适应于大斜度井。适合排水采气初期，排液量大，排采后期由于地层水量少，气举法受到限制。
F双管气举法
例如，公开号为CN 203257380 U，名称为“一种新型煤层气排采设备”的中国实用新型专利于2013年新推出一种新型煤层气气举排采设备。它由双壁管、单壁管、气液混合器、气举单流阀、单流阀等主要设备构成。控制系统通过液面采集装置的数据，计算使用压缩空气的压力和排量，再将压缩空气从压缩空气注入口注入到双壁管外管与双壁管内管之间的环空中，经单流阀在气液混合器内部充分混合，在气举单流阀的作用下，将气液混合物通过双壁管内管内腔，到达气液混合流体排出口排出。这个技术避免了传统技术排采煤层气过程中产生的偏磨、卡泵、电机过热等问题，同时避免了输入与 产出气液多相混合的问题，方便煤层气的开采。
上述双管气举法需要在井口安装液面采集装置，控制系统利用采集的数据，计算并控制压缩机的压力和压气量，实际操作起来比较复杂。
该气举方法也只能适用于排液量大的排水采气初期，排采后期由于地层水量少，该技术也受到限制。另外，井下复杂状况，该气举方法也没有考虑过滤、污染洗井功能，不可避免增加修井作业成本。
综上所述，上述现有技术均存在技术缺陷。具体地，有杆泵技术成熟,操作简单，但难以适应不同排采阶段出液量的变化需求，且偏磨、卡泵一直是困扰现场生产的大问题；螺杆泵结构简单，占地少,排采后期出水少，螺杆泵容易在抽空的情况下烧泵,如果出现严重磨损须更换全套井下装置；电潜泵排量较大,但工作条件比较苛刻，成本也高，排采后期沉没度不高也容易出问题；水力喷射泵理论排量范围大，耐磨抗腐蚀，但举升效率低，维护成本高，且较高的工作压力不能满足煤层气的生产压差要求；气举适合排水采气初期，排液量大，排采后期由于地层水量少，气举工艺就受到限制；2013年新推出的双管气举法排采设备，仅适用于排液量大的排水采气初期，且地面控制设备复杂，不宜维护。因此，现有技术的排水采气工艺各有缺点，不能满足煤层气开采的特殊要求，不能兼顾前后期排水量变化，不能维持一个合理的井底压力，不利于煤层气解吸。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种如下的控压气举排水采气设备及方法：其将压力控制技术和气举技术相结合，使用普通的气压源(空气压缩机)可满足不同阶段的排水量要求；压力控制阀(井下控制阀)维持开采压力的同时，自动控制空气压缩机启停，提高工作效率；该设备还避免了传统排采过程中存在的偏磨、卡泵、烧泵等问题；应用范围 广，可用于一机多井、从式井；井下气液分离后输入气与产出气不再需要在地面单独分离，配置简单维护方便，满足现代排水采气长期有效稳产降耗的要求；还可以满足井下过滤和自洗井的功能。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案。
本发明提供一种如下的控压气举排水采气设备，所述控压气举排水采气设备用于采集地层气，所述控压气举排水采气设备包括用于埋设于气井内的、彼此嵌套配置的内层管、中间管以及外层管，所述内层管的内部的第一空间与气压源以及气液分离装置连通；所述内层管和所述中间管之间包围的第二空间与所述气压源以及所述气液分离装置连通；并且所述中间管与所述外层管之间包围的第三空间与所述地层气的采集通道连通；其中，所述第一空间与所述第二空间能够实现单向导通，所述第二空间与所述第三空间能够实现双向导通；所述内层管设置有气举阀和根据所述第二空间中的压力进行开闭的压力控制阀，所述压力控制阀与所述气压源连接，并且能够控制所述气压源的工作。
优选地，在所述内层管的底部设置用于实现从所述第二空间向所述第一空间单向导通的单流阀，并且在所述内层管的底部设置有位于所述单流阀的下方的、用于过滤杂质的第一筛管，在所述第一筛管的下方设置有尾堵件。
更优选地，在所述中间管的底部设置有用于实现所述第二空间与所述第三空间的双向导通的双向阀，并且在所述中间管的底部设置有位于所述双向阀的下方的、用于过滤杂质的第二筛管。
进一步，优选地，所述内层管、所述中间管和所述外层管同心配置，在气井口处，设置有用于固定所述内层管且与所述内层管连通的第一管挂和/或设置有用于固定所述中间管且与所述中间管连通的第二管挂。
进一步，优选地，在竖直高度方向上，所述中间管的底部和所述外层管的底部均位于包含所述地层气的地层的下方。
进一步，优选地，在所述内层管上，从上至下依次配置的所述气举阀和所述压力控制阀。
进一步，优选地，可使用压缩机压缩天然气或者氮气。
本发明还提供了一种控压气举排水采气方法，所述方法利用以上技术方案中的任意一项技术方案所述的控压气举排水采气设备，所述方法包括如下阶段：a.排水降压阶段，在所述第一空间、所述第二空间和所述第三空间处于充满井液的初始状态下，利用所述气压源向所述第二空间输入动力气，通过所述气举阀从所述第一空间持续气举所述井液，在本阶段中，所述第三空间内的井液进入所述第二空间，所述第二空间内的井液进入所述第一空间，所述第一空间内的井液逐步被气举并输出到所述气液分离装置；b.排水采气阶段，经过所述排水降压阶段之后，利用所述气压源继续向所述第二空间输入所述动力气，随着所述第三空间的压力的降低，包含水和地层气的地层中的流体进入所述第三空间，所述中间管的底部和所述外层管的底部均位于所述地层的下方，所述地层气进入所述第三空间并向上产出，所述水进入所述第三空间形成所述井液，该井液向下进入所述第二空间并由所述第二空间进入所述第一空间、进而被气举输出；c.连续排采阶段，经过所述排水采气阶段之后，利用所述气压源向所述第一空间输入所述动力气，利用所述压力控制阀和所述气压源维持所述第一空间和第二空间内的预定压力，由所述第二空间排出所述井液并从所述第三空间采集所述地层气。
优选地，在所述连续排采阶段中，所述内层管封闭，使得所述第一空间与所述第二空间通过所述压力控制阀可控地导通，所述压力控制阀使得：在所述第二空间的井液压力达到设计值时所述第一空间中的动力气进入所述第二空间以气举方式自动举升所述第二空间中的井液，在所述第二空间的井液压力低于设定值时，所述第一空间内气体的压力逐步上升，当所述第一空间内的气体的压力达到预设的压力值之后，所述气压源停机，当所述第一空 间内的气体的压力低于预设的压力值之后，所述气压源开始工作，并且在整个所述连续排采阶段中，所述压力控制阀随着所述第二空间中的井液的增多或减少自动开启或关闭，所述第一空间内的气体的压力控制所述气压源的启动和停机，进而维持所述第一空间和第二空间内的预定压力。
更优选地，所述方法还包括如下阶段：d.清洗阶段，封闭所述第一空间，向所述第二空间注水清洗，将控压气举排水采气设备内的杂物从所述第三空间清洗出，然后顺次重复所述排水降压阶段、所述排水采气阶段和所述连续排采阶段以恢复生产。
进一步，优选地，在所述清洗阶段中，所述中间管的底部设置的双向阀在高压条件下反向打开，水从所述第二空间经过所述双向阀流到所述第三空间，然后从所述第三空间流到地面以完成清洗。
通过采用上述技术方案，本发明提供了一种如下的控压气举排水采气设备及方法：其将压力控制技术和气举技术相结合，使用普通的气压源(空气压缩机)可满足不同阶段的排水量要求；压力控制阀(井下控制阀)维持开采压力的同时，自动控制空气压缩机启停，提高工作效率；该设备还避免了传统排采过程中存在的偏磨、卡泵、烧泵等问题；应用范围广，可用于一机多井、从式井；井下气液分离后输入气与产出气不再需要在地面单独分离，配置简单维护方便，满足现代排水采气长期有效稳产降耗的要求；还可以满足井下过滤和自洗井的功能。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一实施方式的控压气举排水采气设备的连接结构示意图；
图2是图1中的控压气举排水采气设备的作业示意图，其示出了该控压气举排水采气设备在排水降压初期阶段的作业示意图；
图3是图1中的控压气举排水采气设备的作业示意图，其示出了该控压气举排水采气设备在正常排采阶段的作业示意图；以及
图4是图1中的控压气举排水采气设备的作业示意图，其示出了该控压气举排水采气设备进行洗井作业的示意图。
附图标记说明
1 空气压缩机    2 输液控制阀   3 进气控制阀    4 小油管挂
5 大油管挂      6 气液分离器   7 井下气举阀    8 套管
9 大油管        10 井液        11 小油管       12 煤气层
13 井下控制阀   14 单流阀      15 小筛管       16 尾堵
17 双向阀       18 大筛管      19 集输管道     20 输气控制阀
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图来说明本发明的具体实施方式，其中以采集煤层气为代表来说明本发明的控压气举排水采气设备及方法。
图1是根据本发明的一实施方式的控压气举排水采气设备的连接结构示意图。如图1所示，在本实施方式中，控压气举排水采气设备包括埋设于煤气井内的、彼此嵌套配置的小油管11、大油管9以及套管8。小油管11、大油管9和套管8同心配置。在煤气井口处，设置有用于固定小油管11且与小油管11连通的小油管挂4并且设置有用于固定大油管9且与大油管9连通的大油管挂5。小油管挂4与大油管挂5采用同心配置。在小油管挂4内设置有与小油管11内的空间(第一空间)连通的通道，而在大油管挂5内设置有与小油管11和大油管9之间的小环空(第二空间)连通的通道，进而使得小油管11的内部的空间与空气压缩机1以及气液分离器6连通，小油管11和大油管9之间包围的小环空也与空气压缩机1以及气液分离器6连通。大油管9与套管8之间包围的大环空(第三空间)与煤层气采集通道(集输管道19的用于采集煤层气的部分)连通。在各连通的通道上设置有用于控制通道开闭的输液控制阀2、 进气控制阀3和输气控制阀20中的一种或多种阀，以达到根据工作过程而对各通道进行开闭的控制目的。
另外，小油管11内的空间与小环空在采气的不同阶段均实现单向导通，在不同阶段导通方向可以不同。而小环空与大环空在不同阶段均实现单向导通，在不同阶段导通方向可以不同。
当将小油管11、大油管9以及套管8均配置在煤气井内之后，在竖直高度方向上，使大油管9和套管8的底部均位于煤气层12的下方，以保证脱水排气过程的顺利进行。
另外，小油管11设置有多个气举阀7以及位于气举阀7的下方、用于在正常排采阶段监测且维持小环空的压力的井下控制阀13。该井下控制阀13与空气压缩机1连接，在正常排采阶段，井下控制阀13根据小环空的压力来控制小油管11内的空间与小环空的空间连通/断开并根据小油管11内的空间的压力来控制空气压缩机1的工作(启动和停机)。
在小油管11的底部设置用于实现从小环空向小油管11内的空间的单向导通的单流阀14。在小油管11的底部设置有位于单流阀14的下方的、用于过滤杂质的小筛管15。并且在小筛管15的下方设置有尾堵16，以保证流入小油管11内的井液10均首先通过小筛管15进行过滤。
在大油管9的底部设置有用于实现小环空与大环空的双向导通的双向阀17，在大油管9的底部设置有位于双向阀的下方的、用于过滤的大筛管18。
在本实施方式中，控压气举排水采气设备按照如上的方式配置空气压缩机1、输液控制阀2、进气控制阀3、小油管挂4、大油管挂5、气液分离器6、井下气举阀7、套管8、大油管9、小油管11、井下控制阀13、单流阀14、小筛管15、尾堵16、双向阀17、大筛管18、集输管道19以及输气控制阀20。以下，则结合图2-图4来说明本实施方式的控压气举排水采气设备的工作过程。
a、如图2所示，在大量排水阶段初期，动力气由大油管9和小油管11之间的空间(小环空)进入，通过小油管11上装配的多个气举阀7从小油管11 中气举(举升)液体。此过程为连续气举，由输液控制阀2控制流量大小，保持整个设备的压力较平稳下降。在此阶段，小环空内的井液10只能经由小筛管15和单流阀14进入小油管11，小油管11中的井液10逐步被气举并输送到地面的气液分离器6。大油管9底部的双向阀17在此阶段相当于一个可向上流通的单流阀。套管8(大环空)内的井液只能经由双向阀17、大筛管18进入小环空。
b、随着大环空压力的降低，煤气层12中的水和煤层气开始向大环空运动。大油管9和套管8的底部位于煤气层12的下方，呈游离状态的煤层气进入大环空并垂直向上产出，而水则向下流动并通过大油管9底部进入小环空，由小环空进入小油管11，进而被气举产出。
c、在正常排采阶段，如图3所示，在此阶段，动力气从小油管11进入，由小环空排出液体。在此过程中，单流阀14关闭。在单流阀14的上方设置有作为井下关键设备的井下控制阀13，使得在小环空液柱压力达到设计值的时候，阀自动打开，小油管11中的动力气进入小环空以气举方式自动举升小环空中的井液10；而在小环空液柱压力低于设定值时，阀自动关闭，阀关闭后小油管11中气体的压力值逐步上升。当小油管11内气体的压力达到预设的压力值之后，空气压缩机1停机；当小油管11内气体的压力低于预设的压力值之后，空气压缩机1开始工作。而在整个采气阶段，从大环空生产煤层气。
在此阶段中，井下控制阀13则随着小环空中积液的增高或降低自动开启或关闭，小油管11中气体的压力则控制着空气压缩机1的自动启动和停机。这个过程循环往复，不断举升煤气层12流出来的水。
d、需要洗井的时候，如图4所示，通过关闭进气控制阀3关闭小油管11，从小环空大排量高压注水清洗，将井底杂物从大环空中反洗出井，然后顺次重复步骤a、b、c恢复生产。洗井时，大油管9底部的双向阀17在高压下反向打开，注入水从小环空经过双向阀17、大筛管18流向大环空，大环空流向地 面完成洗井。
本发明的设备采用以上说明的具体实施方式的结构以及工作过程能够充分地实现本发明的目的。但是，还需要说明的是：
1.虽然在上述具体实施方式的附图中仅示出了控压气举排水采气设备采用竖直的方式插入煤气井内，但是本发明不限于此。插入煤气井内的本发明的控压气举排水采气设备也可以采用倾斜的方式。
2.在本发明中，“单向导通”指在大油管9和小油管11之间在排采煤层气的各阶段均实现单向导通，但是不同阶段的导通方向可以不同。例如，在排水降压阶段初期，只允许大油管9与小油管11之间的小环空中的井液10通过单流阀14流入到小油管11内；而在正常排采阶段，允许小油管11的气体通过井下控制阀13进入上述小环空中。
3.虽然在上述具体实施方式中说明了大油管9、小油管11和套管8采用同心配置的方式，但是本发明不限于此。可以根据需要，使大油管9、小油管11和套管8进行不同心配置。而大油管挂5和小油管挂4也可以采用不同心配置的方式进行配置。
4.本发明可以采用如下的替代技术方案，本方案中采用同心双管柱，大油管9和小油管11在不同阶段分别用做排液通道和气举供气通道，套管采气，在小油管11上安装井下气举阀7和井下控制阀13。在实践中，也可分别用普通油管和空心抽油杆组合代替大油管9和小油管11，并在空心抽油杆上安装井下气举阀7和井下控制阀13。
5.此外，本发明的上述方案中在小油管11上安装井下气举阀7和井下控制阀13，在实践中，如果煤气层埋藏深度浅，也可仅在小油管11上安装井下气举阀13。这种情况下，则可以省略a过程，按照c、b顺序执行生产过程。
6.虽然在以上具体实施方式中以煤层气为例说明了本发明的设备和方法，但是本发明涉及的地层气不限于该煤层气。本发明的地层气还包括页岩 气、非凝析气等。
通过采用上述的具体技术方案，使得本发明实现了如下的优点：设备简单，本发明公开的设备结构简单，采用常规的设备，但能完全满足煤层气开采的特殊要求；成本低，采用气举工艺排液，不存在偏磨、卡泵、烧泵等问题；管柱自身具有过滤和自洗井功能，过滤功能可减少管柱污染，自洗井功能为污染提供洗井方案，不用移出管柱；实现了井下气液分离，液气分离后使用普通的空气压缩机1，不用在地面对煤层气进行复杂的分离处理；井下控制阀13控制地面压缩机运行，空气压缩机可用于多井、从式井，提高运行效率。
另外，对关键设备井下控制阀13还可以配备有专门的打捞工具便于更换。
本发明的保护范围不限于上述具体实施方式的具体实施例，而是只要满足本发明的权利要求的特征的组合就落入了本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种控压气举排水采气设备，所述控压气举排水采气设备用于采集地层气，其特征在于，所述控压气举排水采气设备包括用于埋设于气井内的、彼此嵌套配置的内层管(11)、中间管(9)以及外层管(8)，
    所述内层管(11)的内部的第一空间与气压源(1)以及气液分离装置(6)连通，
    所述内层管(11)和所述中间管(9)之间包围的第二空间与所述气压源(1)以及所述气液分离装置(6)连通，并且
    所述中间管(9)与所述外层管(8)之间包围的第三空间与所述地层气的采集通道连通，
    其中，所述第一空间与所述第二空间能够实现单向导通，所述第二空间与所述第三空间能够实现双向导通，
    所述内层管(11)设置有气举阀(7)和根据所述第二空间中的压力进行开闭的压力控制阀(13)，
    所述压力控制阀(13)与所述气压源(1)连接，并且能够控制所述气压源(1)的工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，在所述内层管(11)的底部设置用于实现从所述第二空间向所述第一空间单向导通的单流阀(14)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，
    在所述内层管(11)的底部设置有位于所述单流阀的下方的、用于过滤杂质的第一筛管(15)，在所述第一筛管(15)的下方设置有尾堵件(16)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，在所述中间管(9)的底部设置有用于实现所述第二空间与所述第三空间的双向导通的双向阀(17)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，
    在所述中间管(9)的底部设置有位于所述双向阀的下方的、用于过滤杂质的第二筛管(18)。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，所述内层管(11)、所述中间管(9)和所述外层管(8)同心配置。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，在气井口处，设置有用于固定所述内层管(11)且与所述内层管(11)连通的第一管挂(4)和/或设置有用于固定所述中间管(9)且与所述中间管(9)连通的第二管挂(5)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，
    在竖直高度方向上，所述中间管(9)的底部和所述外层管(8)的底部均位于包含所述地层气的地层(12)的下方。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的控压气举排水采气设备，其特征在于，在所述内层管(11)上，从上至下依次配置的所述气举阀(7)和所述压力控制阀(13)。
  10. 一种控压气举排水采气方法，其特征在于，所述方法利用权利要求1-9中任一项所述的控压气举排水采气设备。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的控压气举排水采气方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下阶段：
    a.排水降压阶段，在所述第一空间、所述第二空间和所述第三空间处于充满井液(10)的初始状态下，利用所述气压源(1)向所述第二空间输入动力气，通过所述气举阀(7)从所述第一空间持续气举所述井液(10)，
    在本阶段中，所述第三空间内的井液(10)进入所述第二空间，所述第二空间内的井液(10)进入所述第一空间，所述第一空间内的井液(10)逐步被气举并输出到所述气液分离装置(6)；
    b.排水采气阶段，经过所述排水降压阶段之后，利用所述气压源(1)继续向所述第二空间输入所述动力气，随着所述第三空间的压力的降低，包含水和地层气的地层(12)中的流体进入所述第三空间，
    所述中间管(9)的底部和所述外层管(8)的底部均位于所述地层(12)的下方，所述地层气进入所述第三空间并向上产出，所述水进入所述第三空间形成所述井液(10)，该井液(10)向下进入所述第二空间并由所述第二空间进入所述第一空间、进而被气举输出；
    c.连续排采阶段，经过所述排水采气阶段之后，利用所述气压源(1)向所述第一空间输入所述动力气，利用所述压力控制阀(13)和所述气压源(1)维持所述第一空间和第二空间内的预定压力，由所述第二空间排出所述井液(10)并从所述第三空间采集所述地层气。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的控压气举排水采气方法，其特征在于，
    在所述连续排采阶段中，所述内层管(11)封闭，使得所述第一空间与所述第二空间通过所述压力控制阀(13)可控地导通，所述压力控制阀(13)使得：在所述第二空间的井液压力达到设计值时所述第一空间中的动力气进入所述第二空间以气举方式自动举升所述第二空间中的井液(10)，在所述第二空间的井液压力低于设定值时，所述第一空间内气体的压力逐步上升，当所述第一空间内的气体的压力达到预设的压力值之后，所述气压源(1)停机，当所述第一空间内的气体的压力低于预设的压力值之后，所述气压源(1)开始工作，并且
    在整个所述连续排采阶段中，所述压力控制阀(13)随着所述第二空间中的井液(10)的增多或减少自动开启或关闭，所述第一空间内的气体的压力控制所述气压源(1)的启动和停机，进而维持所述第一空间和第二空间内的预定压力。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的控压气举排水采气方法，其特征在于， 所述方法还包括如下阶段：
    d.清洗阶段，封闭所述第一空间，向所述第二空间注水清洗，将控压气举排水采气设备内的杂物从所述第三空间清洗出，
    然后顺次重复所述排水降压阶段、所述排水采气阶段和所述连续排采阶段以恢复生产。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的控压气举排水采气方法，其特征在于，在所述清洗阶段中，所述中间管(9)的底部设置的双向阀(17)在高压条件下反向打开，水从所述第二空间经过所述双向阀(17)流到所述第三空间，然后从所述第三空间流到地面以完成清洗。
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