Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1983—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
  • C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
  • C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a fuel additive, in particular, to a fuel additive which can be used to remove carbon deposits at a gas intake valve and a combustion chamber of a fuel engine.
• the working temperature of the gas intake valve of the automobile fuel engine is about 170-180°C, and at this temperature, the olefins contained in the fuel (especially gasoline) may undergo oxidation because of its instability, which produces the carbon deposits in gum form. The carbon deposits attach to the inside of the gas intake valve, thus affecting the working efficiency of the gas intake valve.
• the working temperature of the combustion chamber of the automobile fuel engine is about 250-600 °C, and at this temperature, the aromatic hydrocarbon contained in the fuel (especially gasoline) may generate carbon deposits from combustion, which can deposit in the combustion chamber.
• the aromatic hydrocarbon contained in the fuel especially gasoline
• the present disclosure provides a fuel additive which can not only be used to remove the carbon deposits at the gas intake valve of the fuel engine, but also can be used to remove the carbon deposits at the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.
• Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a fuel additive, which comprises 70-90 wt.% of a nonylphenol polyethcr amine, 10-30 wt.% of a multi-amido
• polyisobutylene amine polyisobutylene amine
• an auxiliary additive based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for preparing the fuel additive, which comprises the step of mixing the ingredients of the fuel additive according to the present disclosure.
• Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for using the fuel additive, which comprises the step of adding the fuel additive according to the present disclosure into a fuel.
• the fuel additive provided by the present disclosure is able to effectively remove the carbon deposits at the gas intake valve and the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.
• the fuel additive provided by the present disclosure comprises: 70-90 wt.% of nonylphenol polyether amine, 10-30 wt.% of multi-amido polyisobutylene amine, and 0-20 wt.% of auxiliary additive, based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• the nonylphenol polyether amine helps to remove the carbon deposits of a fuel engine (for example, the carbon deposits at the gas intake valve of a gasoline engine).
• the polar amine group in the nonylphenol polyether amine can be adsorbed to the metal surface of the fuel engine, while the structure of the nonylphenol is relatively similar to that of the carbon deposits, so the carbon deposits attached to the metal surface of the fuel engine (for example, the inside of the gas intake valve and the inside surface of the combustion chamber) can be stripped down and dispersed into small particles, which are then burned off in the combustion chamber.
• nonylphenol polyether amine comprises the following general formula:
• the nonylphenol polyether amine has a molecular weight of 1000-2000.
• the nonylphenol polyether amine is present at a level of 70-90 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive. According to certain embodiments, the nonylphenol polyether amine is present at a level of 80-90 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• the fuel additive is not only able to effectively remove the carbon deposits at gas intake valve of the fuel engine, but also able to effectively remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.
• the nonylphenol polyether amine may be selected from FL-1000 or PEA-PEO which are commercially available from Huntsman Corporation. Multi-amido polvisobutvlene amine
• the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine can synergistically coordinate with the polyether amine in certain proportion to improve the ability of the fuel additive to remove the carbon deposits of the combustion chamber.
• polyisobutylene amine has relatively high viscosity, high thermal stability, and is difficult to decompose at high temperature. Adding polyisobutylene amine into fuel may cause polyisobutylene amine to be adsorbed onto the surface of the combustion chamber and then participate in the generation of the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber.
• the present disclosure inventors have surprisingly found that the fuel additive obtained by making multi-amido polyisobutylene amine coordinate with the polyether amine in a certain proportion can effectively remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber.
• the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine has the general formula of:
• Ri, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from one of the group consisting of:
• the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine has a molecular weight of 800-1200.
• the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine comprises at least one of a diamine polyisobutylene amine and a penta-amine
• the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine is present at a level of 10-30 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive. According to certain embodiments, the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine is present at a level of 10-20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• the fuel additive is not only able to effectively remove the carbon deposits at gas intake valve of the fuel engine, but also able to effectively remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.
• the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine may be selected from 1018A or 1018S which are commercially available from QingYuanXing Company.
• the additive can comprise at least one of a diluent and a friction modifier.
• the diluent helps to reduce the viscosity of the fuel additive.
• the diluent may comprise at least one of a saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon solvent, a cycloalkanes solvent, and a mixed aromatic hydrocarbon agent.
• the diluent is present at a level of 0-20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive. According to certain embodiments, the diluent is present at a level of 5-20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• the diluent may be D60 which is commercially available from ExxonMobil Company.
• the friction modifier helps to reduce the friction of the inner surface of the engine.
• the friction modifier can comprise at least one of a glyceryl monooleate and a polyester.
• the friction modifier is present at a level of 0-10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• the friction modifier is present at a level of 5- 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• the friction modifier may be 9525 A which is commercially available from Lubrizol Company.
• the ingredients of the fuel additive according the present disclosure can be mixed together to obtain the fuel additive.
• the description about each ingredient of the fuel additive can be found in the "Fuel Additive" section of the present description.
• the ingredients used to prepare the fuel additive can be added to a stainless steel vessel and mixed under normal temperature (about 25°C) and normal pressure (about 1 atm) to obtain the fuel additive.
• the fuel additive according to the present disclosure can be added into the fuel.
• the fuel additive under normal temperature (about 25°C) and normal pressure (about 1 atm), the fuel additive can be added into the fuel in a proportion of 1:1000-1 :2000.
• the description about the fuel additive can be found in the "Fuel Additive" section of the present description.
• the fuel includes gasoline.
• the gasoline incudes at least one of 92# gasoline, 95# gasoline and ethanol gasoline.
• Embodiment 1 is a fuel additive, which comprises 70-90 wt.% of the nonylphenol polyether amine, 10-30 wt.% of the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine, and 0-20 wt.% of the additive, based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
• Embodiment 2 is the fuel additive according to Embodiment 1, wherein the nonylphenol polyether amine comprises the following general formula:
• Embodiment 3 is the fuel additive according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the nonylphenol polyether amine has a molecular weight of 1000-2000.
• Embodiment 4 is the fuel additive according to any one of the Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the nonylphenol polyether amine is present at a level of 80-90 wt.%.
• Embodiment 5 is the fuel additive according to any one of the Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine comprises the following general formula:
• Ri, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from one of the group consisting of
• Embodiment 6 is the fuel additive according to any one of the Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine is the polyisobutylene amine of the following structural formula with a molecular weight of 800-1200.
• Embodiment 7 is the fuel additive according to any one of the Embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine includes: at least one of a nomo-amine polyisobutylene amine and a penta polyamine polyisobutylene amine.
• Embodiment 8 is the fuel additive according to any one of the Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine is present at a level of 10-20 wt.%.
• Embodiment 9 is the fuel additive according to any one of the Embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the additive comprises at least one of a diluent and a friction modifier.
• Embodiment 10 is the fuel additive according to any one of the Embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the additive is present at a level of 5-50 wt.%.
• Embodiment 11 is a method for preparing the fuel additive, comprising the step of mixing the ingredients of the fuel additive according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 10.
• Embodiment 12 is a method for using the fuel additive, comprising the step of adding the fuel additive according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 10 into a fuel.
• Embodiment 13 is the method according to Embodiment 12, wherein the fuel is gasoline.
• the ingredients of the fuel additive were added to a stainless steel container and mixed to obtain the fuel additive.
• the fuel additive was added into the fuel (for example, gasoline) in a proportion of 1: 1000.
• fuel engine gas intake valve carbon deposit removal rate test is used to measure the capability of the fuel additives provided by the present disclosure to remove the carbon deposits at the gas intake valve of the fuel engine.
• fuel engine combustion chamber carbon deposit removal rate test is used to measure the capability of the fuel additives provided by the present disclosure to remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.
• test reagents and test equipment involved in "fuel engine gas intake valve carbon deposit removal rate test” and “fuel engine combustion chamber carbon deposit removal rate test” are listed in the following table lb. Table 1 b
• the carbon deposit collector (an aluminium plate with 10 cm length and 8 cm width) was soaked in anhydrous ethanol for 60 minutes, until its surface was bright and had no stains. Then the carbon deposit collector was cleaned with running water and then soaked in anhydrous ethanol for 5 minutes, and then taken out with a tweezer and placed into an oven at 100°C to dry for not less than 15 minutes.
• the carbon deposit collector was taken out of the oven and placed into a desiccator to cool down to room temperature (about 25 °C).
• the time of the test time-meter was set to 70 minutes, and the 300 ml of 93# gasoline sample in the flask 1 was added into the sample bottle of L-2 type gasoline engine deposit simulation test machine, and then 0.6 ml of cyclopentadiene was added.
• the carbon deposit collector was taken out, and it was soaked in a beaker filled with n-heptane for 1 minute, and then it was taken out.
• the carbon deposit collector was immersed in a beaker filled with petroleum ether, and taken out after soaking for 1 min, and then placed into a 100°C oven for not less than 15 minutes.
• the carbon deposit collector was taken out from the oven and cooled to room temperature (about 25°C) in a desiccator.
• m represents the mass of the carbon deposits formed during the test, and the unit is mg
• m 1 represents the final mass of the carbon deposit collector in the test, and the unit is mg
• mo represents the initial mass of the carbon deposit collector in the test, and the unit is mg
• the carbon deposit collector was taken out, and it was soaked in a beaker filled with n-heptane, and then taken out.
• the carbon deposit collector was immersed in a beaker filled with petroleum ether, and taken out after soaking for 1 min, and then placed into a 100°C oven for not less than 15 minutes. 4.12 The carbon deposit collector was taken out from the oven and cooled to room temperature (about 25°C) in a desiccator.
• m represents the mass of the carbon deposits formed by the 93# gasoline during the test, and the unit is mg;
• m 2 represents the final mass of the carbon deposit collector in the test, and the unit is mg.
• step 3.3 the temperature of the carbon deposit collector should reach 250°C to simulate the working environment of the fuel engine combustion chamber.
• the temperature of the carbon deposit collector should be 250°C.
• step 3.14 the calculation formula of the carbon deposit formation amount of the gasoline combustion chamber is:
• n n 1 - n 0 (formula 3)
• n the mass of the carbon deposits formed during the test, and the unit is mg
• n 1 represents the final mass of the carbon deposit collector in the test, and the unit is mg
• step 4.14 the calculation formula of the carbon deposit removal rate of the fuel engine combustion chamber is :
• n represents the mass of the carbon deposits formed by the 93# gasoline during the test, and the unit is mg;
• n 2 represents the final mass of the carbon deposit collector in the test, and the unit is mg.
• the fuel additives provided by the present disclosure comprise 70-90 wt.% of a nonylphenol polyether amine and 10-30 wt.% of a multi-amido polyisobutylene amine, these fuel additives are not only able to effectively remove the carbon deposits at gas intake valve of the fuel engine, but also able to effectively remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.
• the fuel additives comprise 80-90 wt.% of a nonylphenol polyether amine and 10-20 wt.% of a multi-amido polyisobutylene amine
• the fuel additives provided by the present disclosure are particularly able to effectively remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine (62 is greater than 55%).
• the fuel additive comprises the nonylphenol polyether amine and the polyisobutylene amine, but does not contain the multi-amido polyisobutylene amine, this fuel additive lacks the ability to remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.
• the fuel additives according to the present disclosure are not only able to effectively remove the carbon deposits at gas intake valve of the fuel engine, but also able to effectively remove the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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• 2015
  • 2015-10-29 CN CN201510725315.7A patent/CN106635204B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2016
  • 2016-10-27 US US15/771,513 patent/US20190218467A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-10-27 WO PCT/US2016/059080 patent/WO2017075197A1/en active Application Filing

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