WO2017071489A1

WO2017071489A1 - Light cooling and heating machine

Info

Publication number: WO2017071489A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/102226
Authority: WO
Inventors: 龚炳新
Original assignee: 龚炳新
Priority date: 2015-10-27
Filing date: 2016-10-14
Publication date: 2017-05-04
Also published as: US20180245824A1; US20210048231A1; CN105423598A

Abstract

A light cooling and heating machine, for which electrons or other charged particles serve as a refrigerant, comprising a light source and a sealed container. When cooling, the interior of the sealed container is filled with an electron gas, the light source produces an incident light, under the irradiation of the incident light, the radial attractive force among vibrating electrons reduces the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion, thus reducing the temperature of the electron gas and implementing cooling. When heating, the interior of the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions, under the irradiation of the incident light, the radial repulsive force among the vibrating oxygen ions and vibrating helium ions increases the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature and implementing heating. The temperature of cooling and heating can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, and electric moment of the incident light.

Description

Optical refrigeration and heating machine

Technical field

The optical refrigeration and heating machine is powered by electrons or other charged particles, and includes a light source and a sealed container. It uses the near-field energy of the oscillating charged particles for cooling and heating. When cooling, the sealed container is filled with electron gas, so that the average distance between the electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that the oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other, and the oscillating electrons are radially attracted by the incident light. The radial attraction reduces the average kinetic energy of the electron thermal motion, reduces the temperature of the electron gas, and achieves refrigeration. When heating, the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions. Under the irradiation of incident light, the radial repulsion between the oscillating oxygen ions and the oscillating ytterbium ions increases the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of oxygen ions and cesium ions. The temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas is raised to achieve heating. Controlling the amplitude, frequency, and electric moment of the incident light can control the temperature of cooling or heating.

Background technique

We know that the refrigerant freon used in refrigerators and air conditioners will damage the environment, magnetic refrigeration units need superconducting magnets, and magnetic refrigeration is not suitable for near room temperature. Laser cooling uses the radiation pressure of the laser to dampen the thermal motion of the neutral gas atom to reduce the temperature, but the radiation pressure is small, which is not enough to dampen the thermal motion of a large number of neutral gas atoms to achieve the purpose of lowering the temperature; the solar heating efficiency is low.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an optical refrigeration and heating machine. The optical refrigeration and heating machine is powered by electrons or other charged particles, and includes a light source and a sealed container. It uses the near-field energy of the oscillating electrons for cooling and heating.

When cooling, the sealed container is filled with electron gas, and the light source generates incident light. Under the irradiation of incident light, the electron will be forced to vibrate, similar to an oscillating electric dipole, and emit secondary electromagnetic waves, so that the electrons in the sealed container are sealed. The average distance is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that the oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other. When the direction of the electric field intensity of the incident light and the electric moment of the two oscillating electrons are on the same radial line and in the same direction, the oscillating electrons are Radial attraction, radial attraction reduces the average kinetic energy of the electron thermal motion, lowers the temperature of the electron gas, and achieves refrigeration. The radial attraction force between the oscillating electrons is controlled by controlling the charge amount and amplitude of the acceleration charge that generates the incident light and the distance between the light source and the oscillating electrons, thereby achieving the set cooling temperature.

When heating, the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions. Under the irradiation of incident light, the radial repulsion between the oscillating oxygen ions and the oscillating ytterbium ions increases the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of oxygen ions and cesium ions. The temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas is raised to achieve heating. By controlling the amplitude, frequency and electric moment of the incident light, the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas can be controlled.

When heating, the sealed container can also be filled with hydrogen or other gas. The gas is ionized into positive ions and electrons by external electric field or illumination. Under the irradiation of incident light, positive ions and electrons will be forced to vibrate, similar to two oscillations. Electric dipole, and emit secondary electromagnetic waves, so that the average distance between positive ions and electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other, when the electric field of the incident light When the intensity direction and the electric moments of the two oscillating electrons are on the same radial straight line and reversed, there is a radial repulsive force between the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating electrons, and the radial repulsion force increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and the electron thermal motion. The temperature of the positive ion electron gas is raised to achieve heating. Control the amplitude, wavelength and electric moment of the incident light, To control the temperature of the electron gas or positive ions and electron gas.

This optical cooling and heating machine is based on the following principles:

1,

The electrons are negatively charged. Under the illumination of the incident light, the electrons will undergo a simple harmonic motion. The simple harmonic motion of the electron can be considered as an oscillating electric dipole and a secondary electromagnetic wave will be emitted.

When the direction of the electric field intensity of the incident light and the electric moment of the two oscillating electric dipoles are on the same radial straight line and in the same direction, the two oscillating electric dipoles are mutually attracted radial forces, that is, The two oscillating electrons are mutually attracted radial forces. (Reference 1).

Let the incident light be generated by the low-speed accelerating charge, and set the low-speed acceleration charge to be Q, the amplitude is a, and the frequency is ω, then the radiant electric field of the oscillating electric dipole is

Where ε ₀ is the vacuum dielectric constant, c is the vacuum speed of light, and R is the distance from the observation point to the center of the oscillating electric dipole.

make

Then the formula (1) becomes

Electric field strength

The electron will be forced to vibrate, similar to an oscillating electric dipole whose oscillation frequency is equal to the frequency ω of the incident light and emits secondary electromagnetic waves.

Let the charge of electron 1 be q _e and the amplitude be l ₁ . In the spherical coordinates, the electric field strength and magnetic field strength of the near-field of the oscillating electron 1 are:

Where r is the distance from the observation point to the center of the oscillating electron 1, r>>l ₁ , r<<λ, λ is the wavelength of the incident light.

Let the oscillating electron 2 be at the observation point, so the distance between the oscillating electron 1 and the oscillating electron 2 is r. When electric field strength

along

In the direction, θ = 0, and equations (4), (5), and (6) become

Oscillating electron 2 at electric field strength

with

Under the action, the harmonic vibration is forced, the oscillation frequency is equal to the frequency ω of the incident light, and the secondary electromagnetic wave will be emitted. Let the mass be m _e , the charge quantity be q _e , and the amplitude be l ₂ , then the oscillating electron 2

The equation of motion in the direction is:

Where ω ₀ is the natural frequency of the oscillating electron 2, and γ is the damping coefficient.

Because γ<<ω, so

Since the oscillating electron 2 can be considered as an oscillating electric dipole, the electric dipole moment of the oscillating electron 2 is defined as

And along

Direction, then

Electric field strength

It has nothing to do with the distance r, so it will not give the oscillating electron 2

Direction of force.

Near-field electric field strength of oscillating electron 1

Will give the oscillating electron 2

Directional force F _N , electric field strength

Electric moment along oscillating electron 1 and oscillating electron 2

Connected and in the same direction,

In the middle

It can be seen from the formula (16) that in the near region, there is a relationship between the oscillating electron 1 and the oscillating electron 2

The attraction in the direction F _N .

Coulomb repulsion F _C between electron 1 and electron 2:

In the Cartesian coordinate system, the attractive force F _N between the oscillating electron 1 and the oscillating electron 2 is expressed as:

In a Cartesian coordinate system, the Coulomb repulsion F _C between electron 1 and electron 2 is expressed as:

Because the electrons are very small, the electrons can be regarded as the mass point. Except for the collision moment, the interaction between the electrons is negligible, and the electron gas can be considered as an ideal gas. Therefore, the pressure P has the following relationship:

Where P is the pressure, n is the total number of electrons, m _e is the electron mass, k _B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and n _i is the number of electrons between V _i and V _i +dV _i . V _ix is the X-axis component of V _i .

because

So there is

A, ω and n _d can be controlled,

Where n _d is the electron number density. .

For example, when ω=10 ¹⁴ Hz, A=10 ^-13 N·S ² /C, Aω ² =10 ¹⁵ N/C, λ=1.884*10 ^-5 m, r=10 ^-10 m, l ₁ =10 ^-15 m, when, there is

Because the interaction between electrons is negligible except for the moment of collision, which means that the electron is approximately free electron, ω ₀ ≈0, when ω>>ω ₀ ,

Integral formulas (34), (35) and (36) because

When ω=10 ¹⁴ Hz, A=10 ^-13 N·S ² /C, r=10 ^-10 m, l ₁ =10 ^-15 m, there is

V _ix -V _ix0 <0 (43)

PP ₀ <0 (44)

TT ₀ <0 (45)

From the formula (45), when the incident light is irradiated to the sealed container filled with the electron gas, the temperature inside the sealed container is lowered.

According to the above principle of optical refrigeration, the sealed container is first evacuated so that the pressure inside the sealed container is lower than 1 _Pa , and then the electron gas is injected. In order to make the oscillating electrons in the near field of each other, the average distance between the electrons in the sealed container should be far. Less than the wavelength of the incident light, r<<λ. That is, the electron number density is much larger than the negative cube of the incident light wavelength. The required number density of particles is known from the wavelength of the incident light.

Since the sealed container is filled with electron gas, the sealed container should be made of glass or high thermal conductivity ceramic.

The electrons are irradiated with incident light such that the electric field intensity direction of the incident light and the electric moment of the oscillating electron are in the same radial straight line and in the same direction, and the amplitude and frequency of the electric field intensity of the incident light are adjusted to generate an appropriate radial attractive force. To the attraction, the average kinetic energy of the electron thermal motion is reduced, and the temperature of the electron gas is lowered to achieve refrigeration. After the chiller temperature is lowered, it can absorb heat from the environment.

It can be seen from the formulas (2) and (16) that the attractive force F _N between the oscillating electron 1 and the oscillating electron 2 increases as A and ω increase, and increases as the distance r decreases, A As Q increases, A increases as R decreases. Therefore, controlling the charge amount Q and the amplitude a of the accelerating charge that generates the incident light and the distance R between the light source and the oscillating electron can control the radial attractive force between the oscillating electrons, thereby controlling the average kinetic energy of the electronic thermal motion to reach the set value. Cooling temperature.

2,

When the heating is performed, the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and strontium ions, so that the average distance between the oxygen ions and the cesium ions in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that the oscillating oxygen ions and the oscillating cerium ions are in the near field of each other. Under the irradiation of incident light, the near-field electric field intensity of the oscillating oxygen ion will give the oscillating 氦 ion

Directional force, electric field strength, oscillating oxygen ions, and electric moments of oscillating ytterbium ions

Connected and reversed, there is a radial repulsive force between the oscillating oxygen ion and the oscillating ytterbium ion, and the radial repulsion force increases the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of the oxygen ion and the ytterbium ion, so that the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas rises. Realize heating. By controlling the amplitude, frequency and electric moment of the incident light, the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas can be controlled. The cations and anions which do not undergo a chemical reaction can also be filled in the sealed container during heating.

When heating, the sealed container can also be filled with hydrogen or other gas, and the gas is ionized into positive ions and electrons by applying an electric field or light, so that the average distance between positive ions and electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that the oscillation The positive ions and the oscillating electrons are in the near-field of each other. Under the irradiation of incident light, the radial repulsion between the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating electrons increases, and the radial repulsion increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and the electron thermal motion. The temperature of the ionic gas and the electron gas rises to achieve heating. By controlling the amplitude, wavelength and electric moment of the incident light, the temperature of the positive ion gas and the electron gas can be controlled.

Two sealed containers can be used for heating. The two sealed containers are filled with positive ion gas and negative ion gas or electronic gas. There is a valve between the two sealed containers. The sealed container filled with positive ion gas is connected to the negative pole of the power supply and is filled with negative ion gas. Or a sealed container of electronic gas connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The average distance between positive ions and negative ions or electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other. When heating, the two sealed containers are disconnected from the positive and negative poles of the power supply, the valve between the two sealed containers is opened, the positive ion gas is mixed with the negative ion gas or the electron gas, and the positive ions and the oscillating negative ions are oscillated under the irradiation of the incident light. Or the oscillating electrons are radial repulsive forces, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and negative ions or electron thermal motion, so that the temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas rises to achieve heating. By controlling the amplitude, wavelength and electric moment of the incident light, the temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas can be controlled. When the heating is stopped, the incident light is turned off, and the two sealed containers are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power source. Under the action of the electric field force, the positive ions and the negative ions or electrons are separated into the respective sealed containers, and then the two sealed containers are closed. Valve. By controlling the amplitude, wavelength and electric moment of the incident light, the temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas can be controlled.

detailed description

Two specific embodiments are described below, and the specific embodiments are not limited to the two examples.

When cooling, if there is air in the sealed container, the thermal kinetic energy of the air molecules will affect the cooling effect. Therefore, the sealed container should be evacuated first, so that the pressure inside the sealed container is lower than 1P _a . After vacuuming, the electron gas is injected again. In order to make the oscillating electrons in the near field of each other, the average distance between the electrons in the sealed container should be much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, r<<λ. Because the average distance r between electrons and the electron number density n _d have the following relationship:

Therefore, the electron number density n _d and the wavelength λ of the incident light have the following relationship:

That is, the electron number density is much larger than the negative cube of the incident light wavelength. The required electron number density is known from the wavelength of the incident light.

Since electrons are generated from gas ionization, the hydrogen molecule has two electrons, and there are 6.023 × 10 ²³ hydrogen molecules per mole of hydrogen. From the wavelength of the incident light, the number of moles of hydrogen that needs to be ionized is known.

After the electron gas is injected, the electrons are irradiated with the incident light so that the oscillating electrons are in the near-field field of each other, so that the electric field intensity direction of the incident light and the electric moment of the oscillating electron are in the same radial straight line and in the same direction, and the incident electric field is generated by adjustment. The amplitude and frequency of the intensity produce an appropriate radial attractive force. The radial attractive force reduces the average kinetic energy of the electron thermal motion, reduces the temperature of the electron gas, and achieves the cooling, thereby achieving the set cooling temperature. After the chiller temperature is lowered, it can absorb heat from the environment.

Since the incident light can be generated by the acceleration charge, the charge amount Q and the amplitude a which control the acceleration charge generating the incident light can control the radial attractive force between the oscillating electrons, thereby controlling the average thermal energy of the electronic thermal motion to reach the set cooling temperature.

When heating, the sealed container is vacuumed, and the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions, so that the average distance between oxygen ions and helium ions in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, that is, the oxygen ion number density and enthalpy. The ion number density is much larger than the negative cube of the incident light wavelength. The oscillating oxygen ions and the oscillating ytterbium ions are placed in the near-field of each other. Under the irradiation of the incident light, the near-field electric field intensity of the oscillating oxygen ions will give the oscillating 氦

Connected and in the same direction, the radial repulsive force between the oscillating oxygen ion and the oscillating ytterbium ion increases the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of the oxygen ion and the ytterbium ion, and increases the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas. Realize heating. By controlling the amplitude, frequency and electric moment of the incident light, the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas can be controlled.

references:

1,

BingXin Gong, 2013, The light controlled fusion, Annals of Nuclear Energy, 62 (2013), 57–60.

Claims

An optical refrigeration and heating machine characterized in that the optical refrigeration and heating machine is powered by electrons or other charged particles, and comprises a light source and a sealed container; when cooling, it uses electrons or other charged particles as a refrigerant. It uses the near-field energy of the oscillating electrons for cooling and heating. When cooling, the sealed container is filled with electron gas, and the light source generates incident light, so that the average distance between the electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, and the electron density is far greater. At the negative third of the wavelength of the incident light, the oscillating electrons are in the near-field of each other. Under the illumination of the incident light, when the direction of the electric field strength of the incident light and the electric moment of the two oscillating electrons are on the same radial line and in the same direction The radial attraction between the oscillating electrons, the radial kinetic energy reduces the average kinetic energy of the electron thermal motion, reduces the temperature of the electron gas, achieves cooling, controls the charge and amplitude of the accelerated charge that generates the incident light, and the source and oscillating electrons. The distance between them controls the radial attraction between the oscillating electrons to reach the set cooling temperature.
The optical refrigeration and heating machine according to claim 1, wherein the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions during heating, so that the average distance between the oxygen ions and the helium ions in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. The oscillating oxygen ions and the oscillating ytterbium ions are in a near-field field of each other. Under the irradiation of incident light, a radial repulsive force is generated between the oscillating oxygen ions and the oscillating ytterbium ions, and the radial repulsive force causes the oxygen ions and the cesium ions to move thermally. The kinetic energy increases, the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas rises, the heating is realized, the amplitude, frequency and electric moment of the incident light are controlled, and the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas can be controlled; when the heating is performed, the sealed container can be Filled with cations and anions that do not undergo a chemical reaction.
The optical refrigeration and heating machine according to claim 1, wherein the sealed container is filled with hydrogen or other gas during heating, and the gas is ionized into positive ions and electrons by applying an electric field or light to make the sealed container positive. The average distance between the ions and the electrons is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating electrons are in the near-field field of each other. Under the irradiation of the incident light, the radial repulsion between the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating electrons is radial. The repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and the electron thermal motion, increases the temperature of the positive ion gas and the electron gas, and achieves heating; controls the amplitude, wavelength and electric moment of the incident light, and can control the positive ion gas and the electron gas. Temperature; two sealed containers can be used for heating. The two sealed containers are filled with positive ion gas and negative ion gas or electronic gas. There is a valve between the two sealed containers. The sealed container filled with positive ion gas is connected to the negative pole of the power supply. A sealed container of negative ion gas or electron gas is connected to the positive electrode of the power source; the average distance between positive ions and negative ions or electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than that of the inlet The wavelength of the light is emitted so that the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other. When heating, the two sealed containers are disconnected from the positive and negative poles of the power source, and the valves between the two sealed containers are opened, positive ion gas and negative ions. Gas or electron gas mixing, under the irradiation of incident light, the radial repulsion between the oscillating positive ions and the oscillating negative ions or oscillating electrons, the radial repulsion force increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and negative ions or electron thermal motion, making the positive ions The temperature of the gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas is raised to achieve heating, and the amplitude, wavelength and electric moment of the incident light are controlled, and the temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas can be controlled. When the heating is stopped, the incident light is turned off. The two sealed containers are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power source. Under the action of the electric field force, the positive ions and the negative ions or electrons are separated into the respective sealed containers, and then the valve between the two sealed containers is closed to control the amplitude and wavelength of the incident light. And the electric moment can control the temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas.