WO2017071488A2 - Water photolysis hydrogen production device and method - Google Patents

Description

Photolysis water hydrogen production device and method Technical field

The photolysis water hydrogen production device comprises a sealed container, a photolysis tank and an applied electric field. It uses the near-field energy of the oscillating electrons to decompose water to produce hydrogen. The sealed container is made of glass or a transparent plastic film, and the sealed container is filled with electron gas. When hydrogen is produced, the water is filled with water, the side of the sealed container is immersed in water, and the other side is exposed to sunlight. Under sunlight, the electrons in the sealed container are forced to vibrate, similar to an oscillating electric dipole, and will emit secondary electromagnetic waves. Under the irradiation of secondary electromagnetic waves, the positively charged hydrogen atoms and the negatively charged oxygen atoms will be forced to vibrate. The oscillating hydrogen atoms and the oscillating oxygen atoms are in the near-field of each other, when the electric field strength direction of the secondary electromagnetic waves and the oscillating hydrogen atoms When the electric moment of the oscillating oxygen atom is on the same radial straight line and reversed, a radial repulsive force is generated between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom, and the radial repulsive force is greater than the positively charged hydrogen atom and the negatively charged oxygen atom. During the attraction, the hydrogen-oxygen bond is broken, and H ⁺ and O ^{2− are} generated, and an electric field is applied to move H ⁺ to the negative electrode to generate H ₂ , and O ²⁻ moves to the positive electrode to generate O ₂ .

Background technique

We know that water does not spontaneously absorb solar energy and decomposes into oxygen and hydrogen. It requires a catalyst to convert solar energy into chemical energy.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a photohydrolysis water hydrogen production device and method which do not require a catalyst.

The photolysis water hydrogen production device comprises a sealed container, a photolysis tank and an applied electric field. It uses the near-field energy of the oscillating electrons to decompose water to produce hydrogen. The sealed container is made of glass, and the sealed container is filled with electron gas. The average distance between the electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the infrared light. The electron density is much larger than the negative third of the wavelength of the infrared light, and the number of electrons and electrons in the sealed container are sealed. The product of the distance between them is much larger than the wavelength of the infrared light. When hydrogen is produced, the water is filled with water, the side of the sealed container is immersed in water, and the other side is exposed to sunlight. Under sunlight, the electrons in the sealed container are forced to vibrate, similar to an oscillating electric dipole, and will emit secondary electromagnetic waves. The oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other. When the direction of the electric field intensity of the incident light and the electric moment of the two oscillating electrons are on the same radial line and in the same direction, the oscillating electrons are radially attractive, in the same radial straight line. The oscillating electron radiation with the same and the same direction vibration, frequency, amplitude and phase difference obtains strong directivity and strength due to the interference effect. Under the irradiation of the secondary electromagnetic wave of the oscillating electron, the positively charged hydrogen atom and the negatively charged oxygen atom will be forced to vibrate when the electric field strength direction of the secondary electromagnetic wave is in the same radial direction as the electric moment of the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom. On a straight line and in the opposite direction, a radial repulsive force is generated between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom. The oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom are in the near-field of each other, when the radial repulsive force is greater than the positively charged hydrogen atom and the negatively charged When the attraction between the oxygen atoms occurs, the hydrogen-oxygen bond is broken, and H ⁺ and O ^{2− are} generated, and an electric field is applied to move H ⁺ to the negative electrode to generate H ₂ , and O ²⁻ moves to the positive electrode to generate O ₂ .

This photolysis water hydrogen production unit is based on the following principles:

We know that water molecules are polar molecules whose center of gravity does not coincide. The oxygen molecule has a negative charge at one end and a positive charge at one end of the hydrogen atom. After energization, under the action of the electric field force, O and H are separated into H ⁺ and O ²⁻ , H ⁺ moves to the negative electrode to generate H ₂ , and O ²⁻ moves to the positive electrode to generate O ₂ .

Under incident light, positive and negative charges will be forced to vibrate, similar to two oscillating electric dipoles, and will emit secondary electromagnetic waves.

When the direction of the electric field intensity of the incident light and the electric moment of the two oscillating electric dipoles are on the same radial line and opposite, the two oscillating electric dipoles are mutually repulsive radial forces, that is, The oscillating positively charged hydrogen atoms and the oscillating negatively charged oxygen atoms are mutually exclusive radial forces. (Reference 1).

Let the incident light be generated by the low-speed accelerating charge, and set the low-speed acceleration charge to be Q, the amplitude is a, and the frequency is ω, then the radiant electric field of the oscillating electric dipole is

Where ε ₀ is the vacuum dielectric constant, c is the vacuum speed of light, and R is the distance from the observation point to the center of the oscillating electric dipole.

make

Then the formula (1) becomes

Electric field strength

The positive and negative charges will be forced to vibrate, similar to the two oscillating electric dipoles, whose oscillation frequency is equal to the frequency ω of the incident light, and emits secondary electromagnetic waves.

Let the charge of the oscillating hydrogen atom be q _H and the amplitude be l ₁ . In the spherical coordinates, the near-field electric field strength and magnetic field strength of the oscillating hydrogen atom are:

Where r is the distance from the observation point to the center of the oscillating hydrogen atom, r>>l ₁ , r<<λ, λ is the wavelength of the incident light.

Let the oscillating negative oxygen atom be at the observation point, so the distance between the oscillating oxygen atom and the oscillating hydrogen atom is r.

Electric field strength

along

In the direction, θ = 0, and equations (4), (5), and (6) become

Oscillating oxygen atom at electric field strength

with

Under the action, the harmonic vibration is forced, the oscillation frequency is equal to the frequency ω of the incident light, and the secondary electromagnetic wave will be emitted. Let the mass be m _O , the charge quantity is q _O , and the amplitude is l ₂ , then the oscillating hydrogen atom is

The equation of motion in the direction is:

Where ω ₀ is the natural frequency of the oscillating oxygen atom and γ is the damping coefficient.

Because γ<<ω, so

Since the oscillating oxygen atom can be considered as an oscillating electric dipole, the electric dipole moment of the oscillating oxygen atom is defined as

And along

Direction, then

Electric field strength

Has nothing to do with distance r, so it does not give oscillating hydrogen atoms

Direction of force.

Near-field electric field strength of oscillating oxygen atoms

Will give an oscillating hydrogen atom

Directional force F _N , due to negative charge of oxygen atoms, electric field strength

Oscillation of oxygen atoms and oscillating hydrogen atoms along the electric moment

On the same radial line and in the opposite direction,

In the middle

It can be seen from the formula (16) that in the near region, there is a relationship between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom.

Repulsive force in the direction.

The interaction energy between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom is

When the repulsive force between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom is greater than the attractive force between the positively charged hydrogen atom and the negatively charged oxygen atom, the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom in the water molecule are separated into H ⁺ and O ²⁻ , and an applied electric field is applied. H ^{+ is} moved to the negative electrode to generate H ₂ , and O ^{2- is} moved to the positive electrode to generate O ₂ .

It can be seen from equations (2) and (16) that the repulsive force F _N between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom increases with the increase of A and ω, and A increases with the increase of Q and a. Large, A increases as R decreases, and therefore, in order to increase the repulsive force between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom, heavy ions can be injected into the sealed container.

We can make the sunlight illuminate the charged particles, causing the charged particles to be forced to vibrate, similar to oscillating electric dipoles, and emitting secondary electromagnetic waves, and then making the secondary electromagnetic waves as incident light, illuminating the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the water molecules. We can increase the repulsive force between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom by reducing the distance R between the charged particles and the water molecules. In addition, the theory proves (Reference 2). When the product of the distance between the number of electrons and the electron in the sealed container is much larger than the wavelength of the infrared light, that is, when the number of oscillating electrons is increased, those oscillating electron radiations which are in the same radial straight line and have the same direction of vibration, frequency, amplitude and phase difference are constant. Due to the strong directionality and strength of the interference effect, the oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms in the water molecules are more easily separated into H ⁺ and O ²⁻ .

To this end, the sealed container is first evacuated so that the pressure inside the sealed container is less than 1 _Pa , and then the electron gas is injected to fill the sealed container with electron gas. When the electron gas is injected, the electron gas is irradiated with light to generate oscillating electrons. Attractive and easy to inject electronic gas. Other charged particles, such as nuclei, can also be injected into the sealed container.

The sealed container is made of glass or a transparent plastic film.

The average distance between the electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the infrared light. The electron number density is much larger than the negative cube of the wavelength of the infrared light. The product of the distance between the electron number and the electron in the sealed container is much larger than the infrared light wavelength. When hydrogen is produced, the water solution is filled with water, and one side is exposed to the water surface and is exposed to sunlight. The other side of the sealed container is immersed in water to reduce R and increase the repulsive force F _N between the oscillating hydrogen atoms and the oscillating oxygen atoms. Under sunlight, the electrons in the sealed container are forced to vibrate, similar to an oscillating electric dipole, and will emit secondary electromagnetic waves. The oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other. When the direction of the electric field strength of the sunlight and the electric moments of the two oscillating electrons are on the same radial line and in the same direction, the oscillating electrons are radially attractive, in the same radial straight line. The oscillating electron radiation with the same and the same direction vibration, frequency, amplitude and phase difference obtains strong directivity and strength due to the interference effect. Under the irradiation of the secondary electromagnetic wave of the oscillating electron, the positively charged hydrogen atom and the negatively charged oxygen atom will be forced to vibrate when the electric field strength direction of the secondary electromagnetic wave is in the same radial direction as the electric moment of the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom. On a straight line and in the opposite direction, a radial repulsive force is generated between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom. The oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom are in the near-field of each other, when the radial repulsive force is greater than the positively charged hydrogen atom and the negatively charged When the attraction between the oxygen atoms occurs, the hydrogen-oxygen bond is broken, and H ⁺ and O ^{2− are} generated, and an electric field is applied to move H ⁺ to the negative electrode to generate H ₂ , and O ²⁻ moves to the positive electrode to generate O ₂ .

detailed description

A specific embodiment is described below, and the specific embodiment is not limited to this example.

The photolysis water hydrogen production device comprises a sealed container, a photolysis tank and an applied electric field. The photolysis tank is similar to the water electrolysis tank. The photolysis tank is filled with water, a pair of electrodes are immersed in water, and a separator of hydrogen and oxygen gas is interposed between the electrodes.

The sealed container is filled with electron gas, and the sealed container is made of glass or a transparent plastic film.

If there is air in the sealed container, the thermal kinetic energy of the air molecules will affect the radiation intensity and directionality of the laser. Therefore, the sealed container should be evacuated so that the pressure inside the sealed container is less than 1 _Pa . After vacuuming, the electron gas is injected again. In order to make the oscillating electrons in the near field of each other, the average distance between the electrons in the sealed container should be much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, r<<λ. Because the average distance r between electrons and the electron number density ρ have the following relationship:

Therefore, the electron density ρ and the wavelength λ of the incident light have the following relationship:

ρ>>λ ^-3 (19)

That is, the electron number density is much larger than the negative cube of the incident light wavelength. The required electron number density is known from the wavelength of the incident light.

Since electrons are generated from gas ionization, the hydrogen molecule has two electrons, and there are 6.023 × 10 ²³ hydrogen molecules per mole of hydrogen. From the wavelength of the incident light, the number of moles of hydrogen that needs to be ionized is known.

When hydrogen is produced, the water is filled with water, the side of the sealed container is immersed in water, and the other side is exposed to the water surface and is exposed to sunlight.

Under the illumination of sunlight, the electrons in the sealed container are forced to vibrate, emitting secondary electromagnetic waves, causing the secondary electromagnetic waves to act as incident light, illuminating the water molecules, and the repulsive force between the oscillating hydrogen atoms and the oscillating oxygen atoms in the water molecules is greater than When the attractive force between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen atom, the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom in the water molecule are separated into H ⁺ and O ²⁻ , and an electric field is applied to move H ⁺ to the negative electrode to generate H ₂ , O ^{2- 2-} The positive electrode moves to generate O ₂ .

references:

1,

BingXin Gong, 2013, The light controlled fusion, Annals of Nuclear Energy, 62 (2013), 57–60.

2,

Guo Shuohong, Electrodynamics, Second Edition, Higher Education Press, 210–211.

Claims (2)

1. The photodecomposition water hydrogen generating device and method are characterized in that it comprises a sealed container, a photo-decomposing water tank and an applied electric field, which utilizes the energy of the near-field energy of the oscillating electron to decompose the water to produce hydrogen, and the glass or transparent plastic film for sealing the container. The sealed container is filled with electron gas, and the average distance between the electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the infrared light. The electron number density is far greater than the negative third of the infrared light wavelength, and the distance between the electron number and the electron in the sealed container is The product is far greater than the wavelength of infrared light. When hydrogen is produced, the water is filled with water, the side of the sealed container is immersed in water, and the other side is exposed to sunlight; under sunlight, the electrons in the sealed container are forced to vibrate. Similar to the oscillating electric dipole, and will emit secondary electromagnetic waves, the oscillating electrons are in the near field of each other, when the direction of the electric field strength of the incident light and the electric moment of the two oscillating electrons are on the same radial line and in the same direction The oscillating electrons are radially attractive, and the oscillating electron radiation with constant vibration, frequency, amplitude and phase difference on the same radial straight line is obtained due to the interference effect. Strong directionality and strength, under the irradiation of secondary electromagnetic waves of oscillating electrons, positively charged hydrogen atoms and negatively charged oxygen atoms will be forced to vibrate when the electric field strength direction of the secondary electromagnetic waves is oscillating with hydrogen atoms and oscillating oxygen. When the electric moment of an atom is on the same radial straight line and reversed, a radial repulsive force is generated between the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom, and the oscillating hydrogen atom and the oscillating oxygen atom are in a near-field field of each other when the radial repulsive force is greater than When the attractive force between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen atom is broken, the hydrogen-oxygen bond is broken to generate H ⁺ and O ²⁻ , and an applied electric field causes H ⁺ to move to the negative electrode to generate H ₂ , and O ²⁻ moves to the positive electrode to generate O. ₂ .
2. The photocatalytic hydrogen production apparatus and method according to claim 1, wherein the oscillating hydrogen atom is increased by reducing the distance between the oscillating electrons and the water molecules, increasing the number of oscillating electrons, and injecting heavy ions into the sealed container. The repulsive force between the oxygen atoms is oscillated.