RU2110137C1 - Ionized-turbulent plasma accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plasma engineering; energy storage in plasma followed by its supply and use. SUBSTANCE: accumulator has gas and liquid holding chamber with infra-red radiators mounted on its butt ends which function to dissociate medium heat, their radiating surfaces facing each other. Radiators are provided with heating elements. X-ray radiators placed in center of infra-red ones provide for radiating narrow beams along axis for ionizing medium. Axially installed in center of chamber are current-collecting coils interconnected in series and connected to current collector terminals by means of conductors brought inside through side wall of chamber. EFFECT: improved design. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a plasma technique designed to accumulate energy in a plasma medium with its subsequent removal and use.

 Various devices are known for storing, generating energy (a.s. 1736016-5 H 05 H 7/04 "A device for storing electromagnetic energy and generating pulsed currents; a.s. 1448993-5 H 05 H 5/00" A pulsed neutron source "; A.S. 1094569 H 05 H 7/18" High-frequency torch plasma torch for heating dispersed material "; A.S. 1112998 H 05 B 7/18" Method for generating energy ").

 Currently, experimental samples of MHD generators based on partially ionized plasma with additives are working, which take into account the process-phenomenon of ionization turbulence of low-temperature plasma (see discovery N 260 of 07/22/1982). But these MHD generators cannot be transformed into MHD batteries, in addition, they have significant drawbacks: the useful power is greater, the greater the intensity of the external magnetic field, i.e. powerful magnetic windings are required; installation for plasma formation and its metered injection is required.

 The Spheromak device is known in which the idea is realized to artificially create a toroidal plasma configuration with a self-consistent azimuthal field capable of forming and holding the plasma due to the formation of magnetic fields by the currents of the plasma itself (Nature, N 1, 1981, pp. 113-114, art. " From tokamak to spheromak ").

 The device consists of a cylindrical discharge chamber with ring electrodes located at its ends. The part of the chamber enclosed between the electrodes is surrounded by a coil with two windings, one of which is wound in the opposite direction compared to the first and operates in a pulsed mode. The interaction of the discharge current and the fields created by the coil windings in the plasma created induction currents that formed on the axis a contracting plasma formation in the shape of a spheroid that existed in the chamber for 30 μs.

 The disadvantages of “Spheromak” as a plasma accumulator are: the difficulty of obtaining a plasma formation on a deuterium-tritium mixture at low pressure; the lack of technical means that hold the plasma formation for a long time with the simultaneous current collection of energy.

 A similar device is known (PCT F 191/00166 of May 28, 1991, H 05 H 1/00, 1/02, 1/24: WO 92/22189 of 12/10/92 "Method for the generation and operation of spherical plasma and similar phenomena in a chamber "). This gas discharge chamber has the following disadvantages: a mechanism for injecting gas requires energy, the complexity of the equipment; the use of a laser beam is a high energy consumption with low efficiency; the creation of magnetic fields requires the presence of magnetic coils outside the chamber - this is an expensive and energetically complex device.

 In the present invention, we obtain, we concentrate energy in a plasma medium with its subsequent removal and use, while we remove the requirement for additional energy and additional equipment compared to an analog (prototype).

 This goal is achieved in that the device consists of a cylindrical chamber filled with any gas through a fitting in the housing or at atmospheric pressure containing air. At the ends of the camera mounted infrared emitters equipped with a heating element, and in the centers of the infrared emitters installed x-ray tubes facing the emitting surfaces towards each other. In the middle part of the chamber, coils are installed along its axis, connected to each other in series and connected by wires through the side wall of the chamber with the terminals of the current collector system. Infrared emitters operate in the thermal dissociation mode of the medium to weaken and destroy molecular bonds. X-ray emitters provide highly directional radiation along the axis and provide ionization of this medium, set in motion gases due to uneven ionization of the gas. The device transforms kinetic energy and electromagnetic energy into electromagnetic energy with its accumulation in the discharge plasma. The device absorbs thermal and electromagnetic energy in a gaseous medium at normal or elevated pressure due to the shock wave and temperature field with an increase in the thermal diffusivity of the medium due to the asymmetry of ionization processes, moreover, the formation of two self-consistent azimuthal fields of a toroidal shape and axial matched with them fields of the conical shape of the induction currents, the specified density of energy storage and adjustment of the lifetime are ensured I have a plasma formation. A self-compressing plasma formation of spheroidal fields of a toroidal shape takes place in the device, the magnetic field in which is created and supported by the currents of the plasma itself.

 As a result of gas ionization, induction currents of the ionic component and induction currents of the electronic component with closed turns are formed, forming two azimuthal fields of a toroidal shape in a gas medium and two axial fields of a conical shape with narrowing to the center of the cylinder. The motions of the induction currents of the ionic and electronic components have the same direction, and they contract to the center. The merger of the two toroidal configurations is excluded due to the fact that they have a charge of the same sign on the surface.

 The gas charge grows and with complete ionization of the medium, compressing toward the center, determines the spheroidal shape, the battery is fully charged. To remove energy from the battery, electromagnetic coils mounted on the principle of a transformer are mounted in the housing, which are secondary windings and with a current drain to current collectors. Removal of high-frequency induction energy due to the oscillatory motion of the tori along the axis and the pulsating process of the dissipation of magnetic fields. Physically, the process itself can be represented as the movement of moments around a fixed axis, oppositely directed, the resulting of which is represented by the movement of a moment relative to a fixed point.

 Comparison of the claimed technical solutions with the prototype made it possible to establish compliance with their criterion of "novelty." In the study of other well-known technical solutions in the art, the features that distinguish the invention from the prototype are not identified and therefore provide the claimed technical solution according to the criterion of "significant differences".

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

The PINTA-1 device contains a cylindrical housing 1, infrared emitters 2 in the form of a hemisphere and having openings 3 for an X-ray emitter 4 are located at the ends of the housing, and the infrared emitters have a spiral 5, coils are placed in the center of the housing along the axis, brought to the current collectors through the housing 6, on the cylindrical surface there is a nozzle 7 for filling the housing with CO ₂ working gas, the sealing of the hole 3 from the emitter 4 is carried out by foroplast-4 gasket (8), and the coils from the housing are sealed with a fluoroplastic gasket 4 (9).

 Infrared hemispheres 2 are heated by a spiral 5 and begin to work in the thermal dissociation mode of the medium to weaken and destroy molecular bonds of the gas. Under the influence of complex radiation from an infrared emitter 2 and an x-ray emitter 4, a thermal wave occurs in the medium, then a shock wave, which provides shock ionization of the gas. The shock wave provides a displacement of the particles of the gaseous medium from the ends 2 to the axis and center of the cylinder 1 due to the heterogeneity of the ionization of the medium. Ions, compressed to the axis, fall under the action of x-ray radiation, are cooled, dropping electrons. There is a process of ionization of the gaseous medium, separating the low-temperature plasma into an ionic and electronic composition with compensation of ions on the axis and electrons on the periphery of the axis of cylinder 1. With the separation of charges, a plasma shock wave arises, which is determined by electrostatic vibrations, determining the conditions for self-focusing of the plasma thermal radiation, since Three waves propagate in a gaseous medium immediately under the action of X-ray 4 and infrared emitter 2, thermal, acoustic and electrostatic. Acoustic waves determine the occurrence of currents in the electronic component of the plasma composition. The propagation of a shock wave determines the formation of density fluctuations of both the electronic and ionic components of the plasma. From the periphery, current vortices of the electron component of the plasma are formed on the axis of cylinder 1 (“Phenomenon of Ionization Turbulence of a Low-Temperature Plasma”, discovery N 260 of 07.22.82). Vortex formations accumulate at a certain distance from the infrared emitter 2.

 Due to density fluctuations in the ionic component, induction currents are formed. Induction currents seem to be screwed onto the axis, tapering from the infrared emitter 2. Induction currents of the electronic component determine the formation of spheroidal fields of a toroidal configuration. Induction currents of the ionic component determine the formation of fields in a conical configuration. The appearance of induction currents of the ionic component determines the appearance of axial fields of magnetic induction, the lines of which are directed along the axis, and the induction currents determine the surface of the cone. The formation of ionization turbulence determines the formation of waves with negative energy, increasing the amplitude of thermal radiation, shock waves and electrostatic oscillations (the phenomenon of explosive instability).

 The fast rearrangement of the magnetic field of the electronic component is determined by the processes of self-compression of the plasma discharge, and during the passage of the shock wave in the gas, the “Spin effect” is supported by the currents of the ion component due to the ambipolar diffusion of charged particles during explosive instability.

 The device has two complex emitters directed by their radiating surfaces towards each other. Current ionization turbulence in it was no longer determined by spirals, but by closed induction coils of the induction currents of the ion component and closed induction currents of the electronic component, which form two axial fields of a conical configuration and two azimuthal fields of a toroidal shape in a gaseous medium. These azimuthal induction currents are represented in the plasma by “conductors” with current, which, provided that the currents have the same direction, contract, if different, the conductors diverge. The movements of the two induction currents of the ionic component have one direction, and they are pulled together toward the center. The movements of the two induction currents of the electronic component also have one direction, and the currents in them are pulled together. The merger of the two toroidal configurations is excluded due to the fact that they have charges of the same sign on the surface. In the contact area of the toroidal configurations, the magnetic fields mutually cancel each other, forming a zone where the movement of the induction currents changes its direction, providing conditions for regulating the drift of the induction current along the surface of the torus, compressing the torus at a high drift speed. A gas discharge in a gas arising in the center on the axis of cylinder 1 grows and with complete ionization of the medium, compressing toward the center, determines the spheroidal shape. The battery is charged. Thus, we get a battery, which under certain conditions can produce energy in any radiation range. The high rate of instability development makes it difficult to collect from the device to the consumer. But these processes can again be controlled by means of coils 6 located on the axis of cylinder 1, since the electrical conductivity of the plasma near the axis is lower than in the torus, and magnetic fields penetrate the torus faster. When receiving direct current, it is necessary to connect the coils in series and switch to the consumer. Induction current in one of the turns of coil 6 (we will call it in the first one) will cause a current in another, and that in turn, changing the number of magnetic induction lines together with the lines of force with the ion component, will compress this torus by increasing the current on the cone instantly score matching with the second. The first torus will expand, increasing the induction current in the first coil 6, the second compressible torus will further reduce the electrical conductivity of the plasma. Such a buildup will be carried out to the required voltage of the consumer. When current flows through the first coil of EMF self-induction, the current increases sharply in it. In the second torus, due to sharp compression, the transverse component increases the speed of the induction drift current in a toroidal configuration, and the rotation speed of the induction current on the conical surface of the second cone increases. The second torus increases. The growth of the transverse component of the current in the first torus, but of a different direction with its sharp expansion, slows down the rotation speed of the currents on the first cone and changes the direction of rotation in the cylinder; The first torus is compressed. After the tori diverge, the growth of the second torus increases - the rotation of the current on the second cone slows down and the direction of rotation changes again, forming "conductors" with the current in the same direction - the tori are compressed. Such an oscillatory process is supported by magnetic elasticity forces arising in cone-shaped induction currents and by a change in charges on the surface of the tori. Due to the direction of change in the rotation of induction currents on conical forms, the current increases. Due to oscillations in the torus discharge mode (plasma configuration - spheroid) expands in cylinder 1, compressing to the axis. The flow of current to the consumer will be carried out until the drift of the induction current on the toroidal forms stops, the discharge does not extend on the axis.

Claims (1)

 Plasma ionization-turbulent battery containing a discharge chamber with electrical elements, characterized in that the chamber is a closed cylinder with a nozzle for injecting gas, at the ends of which there are x-ray tubes installed in the centers of infrared emitters facing one another with radiating surfaces equipped with heating elements, and in the middle part of the chamber along its axis there are coils connected together in series and connected by wires through the side wall of the chamber ry with terminals of the current collector system.