RU2165671C1 - Parametric synchrotron converter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plasma engineering. SUBSTANCE: converter designed for energy accumulation in plasma environment followed by its transfer and application has chamber, two infrared radiators whose radiating surfaces are facing each other with X-ray radiators mounted in their center, gas nozzles arranged around infrared radiators over their perimeter, energy collectors, and microwave electromagnetic-field oscillator connected to horns of multiple-horn antenna mounted around X-ray radiators. Magnetization fluctuations and dielectric polarization encouraging reflection of particle currents inside spherical pinch take place in toroidal magnetic formations appearing around pinch. Power unit incorporating all these provisions is noted for small size, reduced space requirement, and high energy accumulation capacity. EFFECT: improved operational safety of both power unit and vehicle. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a plasma technique designed to accumulate energy in a plasma medium with its subsequent removal and use.

 Various devices are known for storing, generating energy (a.s. 1736016-5, H 05 H 7/04 "A device for storing electromagnetic energy and generating pulsed currents"; a.s. 1094569, H 05 H 7/18 " High-frequency torch plasmatron for heating dispersed material "; A. p. 1112998, H 05 B 7/18" Method for generating energy ").

At present, experimental samples of MHD generators based on partially ionized plasma with additives are working, which take into account the process-phenomenon of ionization turbulence of low-temperature plasma (see discovery N 260 of 07/22/1982)
The Spheromak device is known in which the idea is realized to artificially create a toroidal plasma configuration with a self-consistent azimuthal field capable of forming and holding the plasma due to the formation of magnetic fields by the currents of the plasma itself (Nature, No. 1, 1981, pp. 113-114 st. "From tokamak to spheromak ").

 A device is known (PCT F 191/00166 of May 28, 1991, H 05 H 1/00, 1/02, 1/24: WO 92/22189 of 12/10/92 "Method for the generation and operation of spherical plasma and similar phenomena in a chamber "). This gas discharge chamber has the following disadvantages: a mechanism for injecting gas requires energy; equipment complexity; the use of a laser beam is a high energy consumption with low efficiency; the creation of magnetic fields requires the presence of magnetic coils outside the chamber - this is an expensive and energetically complex device.

 The known device "Plasma ionization-turbulent accumulator" (patent RU 2110137 C1, H 02 N 3/00, H 05 H 1/02) in essence is a breather unit, see "Solitons in action" / 1 /.

 The device consists of a chamber for gas or liquid, at the ends of which are mounted infrared emitters operating in the thermal dissociation mode of the medium, directed by the emitting surfaces towards each other. Emitters are equipped with heating elements. X-ray emitters are located in the center of the infrared emitters, which provide directional radiation along the axis for ionizing the medium. In the center of the chamber along the axis, current-collecting coils are mounted, interconnected in series and connected by conductors brought out through the side wall of the chamber to the terminals of the current collector.

The complex emitter of this device determines in any medium at normal or elevated pressure its ionization and the formation of a shock wave due to a self-contracting temperature field, and due to dimensional anisotropy, with an increase in thermal diffusivity, it determines topological stability in the form of induction currents of the ionic component of the conical configuration and is consistent with the azimuthal field of the torroidal configuration formed by the currents of the plasma itself. Such topological stability has the following properties:
- determines the oscillating dipole,
- has the effect of saturation of inhomogeneities, i.e. defines a dynamic process: saturated heterogeneity captures a new incoming soliton, but at the same time releases a captured one.

 Under the influence of an infrared emitter operating in the range of thermal dissociation of the medium and x-ray radiation, ionization of the working medium is ensured.

 Due to the action of X-ray radiation, an enhancement of electron detachment is ensured, similar to the movement of electrons in the microtron of V. I. Veksler, which form magnetic torroidal fields at a distance from the emitters in the center of the apparatus, providing ionization turbulence according to discovery No. 260. When density fluctuations in the medium pass through magnetic toroidal rings formed in the medium, current layers appear in them, which ensure heating of the gas to a plasma state and its compression according to the opening of N 55, forming in the center installations between magnetic torroidal fields a spherical plasma pinch.

This installation uses in its work those positive directions that are separately used in the above counterparts:
- retention and heating of the plasma ball pinch with an increasing magnetic field,
- pulse increment of the energy of the plasma ball,
- continuous removal of electromagnetic energy for industrial use in any given range of electromagnetic radiation.

In addition, it has a number of its own advantages:
- low installation cost,
- due to the presence of fluctuations in magnetization and dielectric polarization in magnetic torroid rings, reflection of the fluxes of neutrons and other particles into the ball pinch is ensured, that is, the safety of the installation;
- regulation of the formation of a ball pinch.

 The disadvantage of this device is that under the influence of only two factors of thermal and axial x-ray radiation, insufficient formation of a ball pinch is provided, which leads to the need to increase the dimensions of the installation, while increasing the power of a ball pinch, and this requirement is determined by the saturation limit of the inhomogeneity. In addition, it is known that during a first-order phase transition, the gain in the formation of a new phase with a lower phase value (thermally more favorable) in the formation of a nucleus is proportional to its volume, and the loss is proportional to its surface area (energy surface value).

 In addition, due to the rapid change in the heat content of the medium during ionization, the surface of the infrared emitter can be destroyed.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the power of energy storage due to the formation of a powerful ball pinch, increase the operating mode of the device by increasing the life of the infrared emitter and at the same time increasing the range of energy removal in the mode of magnetic discrete fields and pandemotor forces (i.e., in the mode of mechanical fields, for due to the regulation of saturated heterogeneity due to the formation of ion-sound waves. see / 1 /).

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device contains gas nozzles located around infrared emitters along their perimeter, and an electromagnetic oscillation generator that is connected to horns mounted in hemispheres of infrared emitters. Distilling the working medium from the center of the chamber to the nozzles, blowing the infrared emitter, we increase the amplitude of fluctuations in the working medium, at the same time, the rate of displacement of electrons to the center of the chamber increases, and their interaction with electromagnetic radiation increases the amplitude of ion-sound waves in the medium and the pinch density increases, when In this case, the saturation effect of the inhomogeneity increases the discreteness mode of the energy emission, the momentum increases in amplitude of the ion-sound waves.

 Thus, the claimed device meets the criteria of the invention of "Novelty."

 Comparison of the claimed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field did not allow us to identify signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "significant differences".

The invention is presented in the drawings, where:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a parametric synchrotron converter;
FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a radiator of a parametric synchrotron converter / section along the diametrical plane /,
where: 1 is the camera body of the parametric synchrotron converter, 2 is the infrared emitter, 3 is the x-ray emitter, 4 are the horns of the multi-antenna, 5 are the power strips 1, 6 are the gas ducts, 7 is the gas pump, 8 is the generator of electromagnetic waves in the microwave range, 9 - waveguides, 10 - nozzles of gas ducts, 11 - thermoelectric spiral, 12 - radiating surface of an infrared emitter.

 A parametric synchrotron converter is a complex made on a single basis and consisting of camera 1 of a parametric synchrotron converter and auxiliary equipment / the use of a parametric synchrotron converter as a lifting device does not require a camera body 1 /.

 In the chamber 1, two infrared emitters 2 are mounted, in the central part of which are installed x-ray emitters 3 and horns 4 of a multi-antenna. Around the perimeter of the infrared emitters, nozzles 10 of gas ducts 6 are installed on the chamber body. Gas supply to the nozzles is provided by gas pumps 7 connecting gas ducts coming from the central part of the chamber to gas ducts supplying gas to the nozzles. Power strippers 5 are installed at an equal distance from the central part inside the chamber. The horns 4 of the multi-antenna are connected to the microwave oscillation generator 8 by the waveguides 9. The auxiliary equipment includes devices providing the operation of the infrared emitter 2 and the x-ray emitter 3. FIG. 1. / The drawings do not show accessories.

 The design of the emitter of the parametric synchrotron converter consists of a radiating surface 12 of an infrared emitter heated by a thermoelectric spiral 11. The radiating surface 12 is made hemispherical in shape. In the center of the infrared emitter on the front side of the camera is attached an x-ray emitter 3, and around it are the horns 4 of a multi-antenna. The horns 4 are made in sectorial form. On the outside of the camera body 1 around the infrared emitter 2 around its perimeter are fixed nozzles 10, which are made sectorial in shape. The gas entering the nozzle 10 through the gas ducts 6 blows around the convex surface 12 of the infrared emitter. FIG. 2.

 The power of auxiliary equipment and emitters is selected based on the selected working gas based on the temperature regimes of thermal dissociation of gas. Device parameters are determined by the purpose of the device, that is, where it will be applied. The electromagnetic oscillation generator 8 must carry out work in the millimeter range of the microwave. Pumps 7 must provide a uniform gas supply to all nozzles 10. The material of the emitting surface 12 of the infrared emitter or its design must ensure the passage of x-ray and radio emission.

 The operation of the parametric synchrotron converter is as follows.

 The infrared hemispheres 12 of the emitter are heated by a spiral 11 and begin to work in the thermal dissociation mode of the medium to weaken and destroy the molecular bonds of the gas. Under the action of complex radiation from an infrared emitter 2 and an x-ray emitter 3, a thermal wave appears in the medium, then a shock wave, which provides shock ionization of the gas. The shock wave provides a displacement of the particles of the gaseous medium from the complex emitter to the axis and center of the chamber 1 due to the heterogeneity of the ionization of the medium. Ions, compressed to the axis, fall under the action of x-ray radiation, are cooled, dropping electrons. There is a process of ionization of the gaseous medium, dividing the low-temperature plasma into an ionic and electronic composition with compensation of ions on the axis and electrons on the periphery of the axis of the camera body 1. With the separation of charges, a plasma shock wave arises, which is determined by electrostatic vibrations, determining the conditions for self-focusing of thermal plasma radiation, so as in a gaseous medium three waves propagate at once under the action of X-ray 3 and infrared 2 emitters, thermal, acoustic and electrostatic. Acoustic waves determine the occurrence of currents in the electronic component of the plasma composition. The propagation of a shock wave determines the formation of density fluctuations of both the electronic and ionic components of the plasma. From the periphery on the axis of chamber 1, current vortices of the electronic component of the plasma are formed (“The phenomenon of ionization turbulence of a low-temperature plasma”, discovery N 260 of 07.22.82).

 Due to density fluctuations in the ionic component, induction currents are formed. Induction currents, as it were, are screwed onto the axis, tapering from the infrared emitter 2. Induction currents of the electronic component determine the formation of spheroidal fields of the toroidal configuration. Induction currents of the ionic component determine the formation of fields in a conical configuration. The appearance of induction currents of the ionic component determines the appearance of axial fields of magnetic induction, the lines of which are directed along the axis, and the induction currents determine the surface of the cone. The formation of ionization turbulence determines the formation of waves with negative energy, increasing the amplitude of thermal radiation, shock waves and electrostatic oscillations (the phenomenon of explosive instability).

 The fast rearrangement of the magnetic field of the electronic component is determined by the processes of self-compression of the plasma discharge, and during the passage of the shock wave in the gas, the “Spin effect” is supported by the currents of the ion component due to the ambipolar diffusion of charged particles during explosive instability.

 The device has two complex emitters directed by their radiating surfaces towards each other. Current ionization turbulence in it is no longer determined by spirals, but by closed induction coils of the induction currents of the ion component and closed induction currents of the electronic component, which form two axial fields of a conical configuration and two azimuthal fields of a toroidal shape in a gaseous medium. These azimuthal induction currents are represented in the plasma by “conductors” with current, which, provided that the currents have the same direction, contract, if different, the conductors diverge. The movement of the two induction currents of the ionic component has one direction, and they are pulled together toward the center. The motion of two induction currents of the electronic component also have one direction, and the currents in them are contracted. The merger of the two toroidal configurations is excluded due to the fact that they have charges of the same sign on the surface. In the contact area of the toroidal configurations, the magnetic fields mutually cancel each other, forming a zone where the movement of the induction currents changes its direction, providing conditions for regulating the drift of the induction current along the surface of the torus, compressing the torus at a high drift speed. A gas discharge in a gas arising in the center on the axis of cylinder 1 grows and with complete ionization of the medium, compressing toward the center, determines the spheroidal shape. The compression of the plasma and the effect of x-ray radiation on it at the focal point leads to an increase in the power of natural oscillations and the generation of shock waves, which drive a high-temperature plasma between the toroidal fields, forming a spherical pinch. The battery is charged. Thus, we get a battery, which under certain conditions can produce energy in any range of electromagnetic radiation. The high rate of instability development makes it difficult to collect from the device to the consumer. But these processes can be controlled by means of energy pickup coils 5 located on the axis of chamber 1, since the plasma conductivity near the axis is lower than in the torus, and magnetic fields penetrate the torus faster. When receiving direct current, it is necessary to connect the coils in series and switch to the consumer. Induction current in one of the turns of the coil of the energy pickup 5 (we will arbitrarily call it the first) will cause a current in the other, and that, in turn, changing the number of magnetic induction lines together with the lines with the ion component, will compress this torus by matching with the second. The first torus will expand, increase the induction current in the first coil 5, and in the second a compressible torus will further reduce the plasma conductivity. Such a buildup will be carried out to the required voltage of the consumer. When current flows through the first coil of EMF self-induction, the current will increase sharply in it. In the second torus, due to sharp compression, the transverse component of the velocity of the induction drift current in a toroidal configuration increases, the rotation speed of the induction current on the conical surface of the second cone increases. The second torus will increase. The growth of the transverse component of the current in the first torus, but of a different direction with its sharp expansion, slows down the speed of rotation of the currents on the first cone and changes the direction of rotation in the chamber, multidirectional currents arise - the tori diverge. The first torus is compressed. After the tori diverge, the growth of the second torus increases - the rotation of the current on the second cone slows down and the direction of rotation changes again, forming "conductors" with the current in the same direction - the tori are compressed. Such an oscillatory process is supported by magnetic elasticity forces arising in cone-shaped induction currents and by a change in charges on the surface of the tori.

 By changing the direction of rotation of the induction currents on the conical forms, the amperage increases. Due to fluctuations in the discharge mode, the plasma configuration - the spheroid expands. Such an interaction of the coils of the energy pickup 5 with the spheroidal formations no longer requires the operation of a complex emitter, and the device operates in the discharge mode.

 Thus, under the action of axial x-ray radiation, a second-order phase transition is amplified to a critical state, after which a first-order phase transition occurs, the density of the medium jumps abruptly, forming the nucleus of a high-density medium in the form of a spherical pinch and magnetic toroids. The ball pinch receives additional heating due to the formation of current layers during pulsation in magnetic toroidal fields.

 Turning on the gas pump 7 and distilling the working medium from the center of the chamber 1 along the gas ducts 6 and blowing the infrared emitter 2 through the nozzles 10, we increase the amplitude of fluctuations in the working medium, due to processes occurring in a dynamically moving medium, i.e. moving particle flow, the dispersion increases, while the rate of displacement of electrons toward the center of the chamber increases. It should be noted that blowing the infrared emitter will protect it from a sharp change in heat content. The interaction of particles in a stream with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range increases the amplitude of ion-sound waves in the medium. It is known that microwave radiation passing through magnetic fields is deflected, i.e., passing through an axial field of a conical configuration, it focuses and, together with x-ray radiation, increases the momentum by driving the plasma between the toroidal fields, increasing the density and power of the ball pinch. Additional heating due to the emitters from the electromagnetic oscillation generator 8 increases the rate of the second-order phase transition to critical and reduces the size of the focus triangle of thermal radiation, which will reduce the external parameters of the device, and during the first-order phase transition, the microwave radiation provides additional heating of the ball pinch, while maintaining it metastability.

 By adjusting the power of the infrared emitter 2 and x-ray emitter 3, it is possible to regulate mechanical vibrations in the ion-sound range coming from a ball pinch, which will allow using the device as a lift, replacing vehicles operating on the principle of "air cushion".

 Using the invention, it will be possible to create small compact power plants with a larger energy storage capacity, and due to the formation of magnetic tori, in which there are fluctuations in the magnetization and dielectric polarization, creating conditions for the reflection of particle fluxes inside a ball pinch, their operation is ensured as a power plant and as a vehicle.

List of references
1. Solitons in action. / Edited by K. Lonren and E. Scott, translation from English edited by Academician A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov, ed. World, 1981

 2. The phenomenon of ionization turbulence in a low-temperature plasma. Opening N 260 of 07.22.82

 3. The journal "Quantum" N 4, 1977, an article by L. Goldin "Accelerators", p. 2-12.

 4. Opening diploma N 55.

Claims (1)

 A parametric synchrotron converter, including a camera, two infrared emitters placed in it, directed by convex radiating surfaces to each other, in the center of each of which are x-ray emitters, and power strips installed inside the camera at an equal distance from its central part, characterized in that it additionally contains gas nozzles connected to pumps and located around infrared emitters along their perimeter, and a microwave electromagnetic oscillation generator connected mouthpieces multifeed antenna arranged around the X-ray emitters.

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