CN1201130A

CN1201130A - Method and apparatus of light-radiation refrigerating and heat-collecting without energy consumption

Info

Publication number: CN1201130A
Application number: CN 97104417
Authority: CN
Inventors: 柳尚青
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-06-03
Filing date: 1997-06-03
Publication date: 1998-12-09

Abstract

The photoemissive refrigerating and heat-collecting method and its equipment are characterized by that a hollow rigid or soft thin board or thin sheet is made, and the internal surface of one side wall of said thin board or sheet also is equipped with a thin layer material or stack-up with high heat-radiation absorption property and low emission property, so that the heat convection and heat conduction between two side walls of said thin board or sheet are low, and their conveying capacities for heat radiation are different, therefore this thin board or sheet is used as shell wall, and its orientation also can be selected to form a new type refrigerating and heat-collecting equipment which has no energy consumption, has no pollution, has no noise and possesses good refrigerating and heat-collecting efficiency.

Description

The method and the device of light-radiation refrigerating and heat build-up do not consume energy

The present invention relates to a kind of refrigeration and method and device, the especially light-radiation refrigerating of heat build-up and the method and the device of heat build-up.

Existing refrigerating method mainly contains gas compression refrigeration, thermoelectric couple refrigeration, chemical refrigeration etc., corresponding device thereof is that vapor compression refrigerator, semiconductor thermocouple refrigerator and chemical refrigeration equipment etc. (can be consulted Chinese book " refrigeration air-conditioner principle and equipment ", Xu Desheng, the Wu Zhenyao chief editor, publishing house of Shanghai Communications University, February in 1996 the 1st edition, the 1st page), particularly vapor compression refrigerator is in leading position owing to its good refrigeration effect thereby in existing various refrigerating plants.Existing heat build-up method and device then mainly contain various known Application of Solar Energy methods and device, and for example the concave reflection mirror sun is cooked a meal, the skin energy-saving heat preserving layer that solar energy is converted to heat energy of the absorption solar energy heat pipe of inwall blacking and hot case, inwall blacking etc.These refrigeration and Accumulated Heat Units, particularly refrigerating plant have a wide range of applications in all many-sides such as food storage, room temperature adjusting, Chemical Manufacture, hygiene medical treatment, scientific research military affairs.

Above-mentioned refrigerating plant all needs external enwergy to drive when working, thereby all will expend the energy.Vapor compression refrigerator wherein also can pollute atmosphere when being cold-producing medium with freon, in addition because its core component compressor is the mechanical movement device, thus can produce vibrations and noise, and have defective such as length and needs maintenance of working life.Though above-mentioned Accumulated Heat Units does not need external enwergy to drive when working, but the thermal source that temperature is higher, heat is bigger is arranged, the sun for example, otherwise can not work, these devices do not possess from temperature identical, even the lower object of temperature or environment absorb and build up the ability of heat.In addition, above-mentioned these devices do not possess its basic building block yet and promptly can be assembled into refrigerating plant, can be assembled into Accumulated Heat Units again, and the simple performance of assembling mode.

Existing incapability deplete length of schooling cold with technology heat build-up be that (title: incapability depletes cold method and the device with heat build-up of length of schooling for my patent of invention of declaring not long ago, application number: 97100637.7, the applying date: on March 12nd, 1997), its basic principle is: make for example array of lens of optical convergence's element, the thermal radiation field of one side is not passed through from array with having convergence, and the thermal radiation field of opposite side passes through from array with assembling, so the transmitance difference of both sides thermal radiation field.With this array and an airtight veneer bonding, with make a kind of thermal convection current, heat conduction is very little, but to the unequal plate-shaped composite construction in thermal-radiating transmitance both sides, constitute as shell wall with this composite construction board and to freeze or Accumulated Heat Units.This technology has no energy consumption, pollution-free, device lifetime is long, advantages such as structure is simpler, but also have following deficiency: the production process that at first is optical convergence's element array is complicated, next is more to the consumptive material of the infrared-transparent material with high index of refraction (such material costs an arm and a leg at present), thereby the cost height of device, and its refrigeration or heat build-up ability are also big not enough in addition.

The objective of the invention is to provide again a kind of novel no energy consumption, pollution-free, have the refrigeration or the heat build-up ability that can fully satisfy multiple practical needs, not only can be during heat build-up from high temp objects or environment, and can build up the refrigeration or the heat build-up method of heat from the object of equality of temperature or low temperature or environment, and the nothing machinery moving component of implementing this method, shockproof and noise during work, can safeguard less even non-maintaining that the life-span is long, basic building block is simple in structure and be rigidity or soft thin plate or laminar, make easily, consumptive material is few, and cost is low, and is whole from heavy and light and the big device of volume volume ratio.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: making the surface is diffuse scattering surface, and this diffuse scattering surface is the substrate plate to rigidity or the soft plate that heat radiation has high-absorbility and high emissivity, use heat radiation transparent on the diffuse scattering surface of one side again, and the material with high index of refraction is made the thin layer with the driving fit of diffuse scattering surface optical, and make the outer surface of this thin layer become optical flat, can be with the thermal radiation field that constitutes a kind of extraneous incident through hyaline layer and by the diffuse scattering surface good absorption, and diffuse scattering surface overflow the thermal radiation field of emission at the outer boundary of hyaline layer since total internal reflection and major part can not outgoing one-sided to the strong heat absorbing sheet that absorbs weak emission of heat radiation, make rigidity or the soft airtight thin slice of using again, itself and heat absorbing sheet is bonding along periphery, preset clearance among the two, and can be evacuated, to make the thermal convection current between a kind of two sides, the heat conduction is little or very little, but between the two sides to thermal-radiating transport rate according to direction different and strong and weak thin plate or the thin slice shape composite construction that does not wait, with this composite construction plate as part or all of shell wall, and by selecting freezing or Accumulated Heat Units of shell wall face towards constituting.

For implementing the inventive method, the substrate plate of said heat absorbing sheet can be to infrared band with one-sided or double-sided surface, or have high-absorbility and high emissivity by the heat radiation that infrared band extends to visible waveband, and the material that self has high thermoconductivity does not for example have the aluminium sheet that copper, the brass of oxidation, aluminium bronze, the anode of the steel of photooxidation wrought iron, rough surface or coarse oxidation, fully oxidation handled, surperficial crude braid etc. and is made; Also can be with the material that self has high thermoconductivity, for example the thin plate or the thin slice of the braid of copper, aluminium, iron, steel, thin staple fibre etc. are substrate, again at its surperficial coating spary to infrared band, or extend to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-absorbility and high emissivity by infrared band, the film of graphite powder, dim, pitch, iron oxide, aluminium oxide, dark dye etc. and making for example; Though can also be that usefulness self pyroconductivity is not high, but very thin thickness and surface are also to infrared band, or extending to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-absorbility and high emissivity by infrared band, the glass flake of for example surperficial frosted hacking, surface are brushed with the ceramic sheet of pitch-dark film, thin hair beaujolais etc. and are made; Can also itself directly be to use again to infrared band, or extend to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-absorbility and high emissivity by infrared band, the film made such as graphite powder, dim, pitch, iron oxide, aluminium oxide, pitch-dark, dark dye for example, by be coated be plated in said the transparent thin layer bottom surface of heat radiation is constituted (consult Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook, Yang Chenhua, Mei Suisheng, the Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, the 12-20 page or leaf).

For implementing the inventive method, transparent lamina on the said heat absorbing sheet is to use infrared band, or extend to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-transmission rate, high index of refraction by infrared band, for example lead telluride, cadmium telluride, germanium, silicon, selenium sulfide glass etc. are made with methods such as thermosol, hot pressing, chemical deposition, vacuum evaporation, ion bombardment, the living films of gas; Though also can be with transmissivity to infrared emanation, refractive index is not really high, but inexpensive and be convenient to be shaped material, epoxy resin for example, organic polymer, infrared optics glue etc., use brushing, spray, the rotation film forming, thermosol, methods such as hot pressing are made and (consult Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook, Yang Chenhua, Mei Suisheng, the Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, the 92-102 page or leaf, and Chinese book " optics handbook, Li Jing town chief editor, Shaanxi science tech publishing house, May in 1986 the 1st edition, the 1469-1479 page or leaf).Transparent lamina on the said heat absorbing sheet can be improved to the transparent lamina heap, it also is successively to make of the material of above-mentioned said making transparent lamina, and be formed by stacking, do when outer as solid material, also available the transparent liquid type material of heat radiation is made internal layer or bottom; The selection of layers of material can have different combinations, the for example outer material that successively decreases with which floor refractive index, with formation to the anti-reflection multilayer film of incident heat radiation, and bottom high-index material, perhaps skin or internal layer be with the low material of pyroconductivity, and bottom is with high-index material etc.

A kind of variation scheme of apparatus of the present invention is: thin plate sheet or multilayer build-up lamina stack that said heat absorbing sheet can just be made with the material of transparent lamina on the above-mentioned said making heat absorbing sheet or layer heap, for thin plate sheet, optical flat should be made in the one side, and diffuse scattering surface should be made in the another side, frosted hacking face for example, for the multilayer build-up lamina stack, then be that its outer surface with bottom of high index of refraction is made diffuse scattering surface, and its another outer surface is made optical flat, and the selection of layers of material also can be piled similar with transparent lamina on the above-mentioned said heat absorbing sheet and various combination is arranged, even can be coated with infrared anti-reflection film again at the outer surface of its diffuse scattering surface.

For implementing the inventive method, said airtight can be identical with thin slice with the selection and the surface texture of the substrate plate of above-mentioned said heat absorbing sheet, also can be made with the material that transparent lamina on the above-mentioned said making heat absorbing sheet or layer are piled and both side surface be the plate of optical flat.

For implementing the inventive method, said with airtight bonding along periphery with thin slice and heat absorbing sheet, preset clearance among the two, and can be evacuated, to make a kind of thin plate or thin slice shape composite construction, be that the side with diffuse scattering surface of airtight thin slice is relative with the side with hyaline layer or layer heap or plane of heat absorbing sheet, if heat absorbing sheet is a side is the thin plate sheet or the multilayer build-up lamina stack of diffuse scattering surface for the another side, plane, then be that the side with diffuse scattering surface of airtight thin slice is relative with plane one side of heat absorbing sheet, if airtight thin slice is to make and two sides are optical flat with transparent material, then can its either side is relative with the side with hyaline layer or layer heap or plane of heat absorbing sheet, and between the two, reserve a gap, with peripheral bonding with both of low Heat Conduction Material, general gap wherein is evacuated or does not vacuumize again then.If find time in gap that will be wherein, then can be in the gap in advance the compartment of terrain embed the thin parting bead made from low Heat Conduction Material, so that separated is wherein become the vacuum subspace of some difficult gas leakage, and increase the compression strength of two side; If do not found time in gap wherein, then can be in the gap embed in advance with what low Heat Conduction Material was made and have a hexagon, or rectangle, or the grid of circular mesh, the some airtight subs space that becomes thermal convection current to weaken with separated that will be wherein, said grid can also be two-layer or several layers, insert individual layer or several layers of thin spacer of using material transparent to heat radiation and that thermal conductivity is low to make betwixt again, so that the gap between airtight and the heat absorbing sheet all is separated into the airtight sub space from horizontal and vertical two directions, thereby make the basic building block-composite construction thin plate or the thin slice of apparatus of the present invention.

A kind of reduction procedure of apparatus of the present invention is: only with above-mentioned said heat absorbing sheet constitute apparatus of the present invention basic building block, and can suitably increase transparent heat absorbing sheet, or the thickness of hyaline layer or layer heap or layer heap part aspect on the heat absorbing sheet, or both selected for use heat radiation was had height or high transmittance, or and high or higher refractive index, the material that has lower thermal conductivity is again made heat absorbing sheet, or the part aspect of the hyaline layer on the heat absorbing sheet or layer heap or layer heap, little with the heat conduction of making between a kind of two sides, and between the two sides to thermal-radiating rate also different and the simplification composite construction thin plate or the thin slice that do not wait of transporting according to direction.

For implementing the inventive method, said with the composite construction plate constitute as part or all of shell wall the refrigeration or Accumulated Heat Units, can be to use the said composite construction thin plate sheet of individual layer or simplify the part or all of shell wall that the composite construction thin plate sheet constitutes said device, also can be to use bilayer or several layers of said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the part or all of shell wall that the composite construction thin plate sheet constitutes said device; When device only has the part shell wall is when making with said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplification composite construction thin plate sheet, and other shell wall preferably should select for use heat-insulating material to make; Can also be to use said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the composite construction thin plate sheet and constitute refrigeration or the heat build-up discrete device that volume differs in size respectively as part or all of shell wall, and the discrete device quilt cover that volume is little is packed in the bulky discrete device, to constitute nestable compound moldeed depth refrigeration or to force thermic devices, said this suit can be the multilayer suit.

For implementing the inventive method, said with the composite construction plate constitute as part or all of shell wall the refrigeration or Accumulated Heat Units, be to use said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the composite construction thin plate sheet as part or all of shell wall, comprise as the planar shaped shell wall, the curved surface shaped shell wall, the sleeve pipe of elongated hollow, planar shaped or curved surface shaped metope, door to be opened/closed or window, the side is towards reversible tilt window, soft lining etc., need be and constitute to space in it or object refrigeration or pyrogenicity, perhaps nestable compound moldeed depth is freezed or is forced hot device, for example cold cup, ice chest, refrigerator, refrigerator, freezer, need the infrared acquisition instrument of refrigeration or the outer casing of equipment, the refrigeration sleeve pipe or the outer casing of high-temperature superconductive cable or instrument or equipment, Cooling clothes, the solar heat protection tent, water heater, the cooking food pot, food steamer, baking box, the molten stove of the manufacturing raw material of plastics, between industrial baking, warm wear, the winter protection tent, between temperature is transferred house, the car and boat temperature is transferred bin, need heat radiation or the electronic component of heating or the outer casing of device, need heat radiation or the mechanical organ of heating or the outer casing of device, anti-infrared is surveyed the camouflage cover, and other needs the object of refrigeration or heating, the outer cover wall in equipment or place etc.

For implementing the inventive method, said with the composite construction plate constitute as part or all of shell wall the refrigeration or Accumulated Heat Units, can be to use said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the composite construction thin plate sheet and constitute refrigeration or pyrogenicity earlier as part or all of shell wall, perhaps nestable compound moldeed depth is freezed or is forced the hot radical element apparatus, again on basis to the space in the primitive device or object refrigeration or heating, the novel energy device that utilizes various known energy conversion techniques and constitute, for example thermopile, steam engine, and other thermal power transfer power source etc.

The operation principle of foregoing invention method and device is as follows:

We know that calorie spread has three kinds of citation forms, i.e. thermal convection current, heat conduction and heat radiation.

When the composite construction thin plate sheet that uses said internal clearance to vacuumize constitutes a certain locking device as whole shell walls, at first owing to being vacuum among the thin plate sheet, so there is not thermal convection current inside and outside the device; Next be the very low material of thermal conductivity factor owing to what link the interior lateral surface of thin plate sheet, and the cross-sectional area of thermal conductive surface is narrow, so the inside and outside heat of device is conducted also very little so also can be left in the basket; So only need consider the inside and outside thermal-radiating effect of device.When said device only has the part shell wall is when making with the composite construction thin plate sheet that the internal clearance has vacuumized, if other shell wall is to adopt heat-insulating material to make, then there is not thermal convection current inside and outside the device yet, and the heat conduction influences also very little so also can be left in the basket, so also only need to consider the inside and outside thermal-radiating effect of device.

The object that any temperature is higher than absolute zero all can send heat radiation around it, by the Planck thermal radiation law as can be known, for the object of the overwhelming majority's Fei Tegaowen, the heat radiation energy that it sends mainly is to be distributed in infrared band.Send thermal-radiating object around it, receive its surrounding environment simultaneously again and penetrate next heat radiation, when the heat radiation energy of its heat radiation energy that sends and its reception equated, just being in thermal balance was temperature-resistant state.

If object is in the special locking device, thermal convection current between this device is inside and outside, hot conduction can be ignored, but thermal-radiating to transport rate unequal for inside and outside for its part or all of shell wall, then just unequal from the interior heat radiation energy of importing to the outer heat radiation energy of exporting of device with in the export-oriented device, space and object in the heat radiation energy of output installs for a long time just can turn cold gradually, and space and just heating gradually of object in the heat radiation energy of input installs for a long time, so this device can space and object in it be realized refrigeration or pyrogenicity.(consult Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook as can be known by the Planck thermal radiation law, Yang Chenhua, Mei Suisheng, the Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, the 1-11 page or leaf), its heat radiation energy that sends of the object that temperature turns cold can reduce gradually, and its heat radiation energy that sends of the object of temperature heating can increase gradually, thereby the heat radiation energy that the object in the device outwards sends can equate that finally promptly the space in the device can be issued to a kind of new thermal balance in the different situation of temperature with the outer environment of object and device with the heat radiation energy that injects outside installing.

When the composite construction thin plate sheet that uses said internal clearance not vacuumize constituted a certain locking device as whole shell walls, owing to be air among the thin plate sheet, the thermal convection current between the thin plate sheet two sides, heat conducting influence should be included consideration in.The heat conduction of air is more weak, little more than general solid matter, the thermal convection current that is in the air in the closed sandwich generally also is more weakly (can consult Chinese book " refrigeration air-conditioner principle and equipment ", Xu Desheng, the Wu Zhenyao chief editor, publishing house of Shanghai Communications University, February in 1996 the 1st edition, the 26th page), especially when the gap among the thin plate sheet is separated into numerous airtight subs space by the grid of low heat conduction or with partition, the thermal convection current of air influence will very weak in the gap, therefore install the internal and external reasons thermal convection current, heat is conducted the heat transportation that causes can be less.When said device has the part shell wall is when adopting heat-insulating material to make, and the heat transportation that the inside and outside thermal convection current of device, heat conduction cause also is less.

If the two sides of the composite construction thin plate sheet that employed internal clearance does not vacuumize can not waited according to the direction difference strongly for the thermal-radiating rate that transports, and can greater than in addition the total amount of heat that causes much larger than thermal convection current, heat conduction transport rate, when then constituting a certain locking device as all or part of shell wall by it, then outwards total speed of transfer heat is just unequal with total speed of transfer heat in export-oriented this device in this device, so this device can be realized the purpose that space in it and object carry out refrigeration or pyrogenicity equally.

When using said simplification composite construction thin plate sheet to constitute a certain locking device as whole shell walls, it is to make with simplifying the composite construction thin plate sheet that perhaps said device only has the part shell wall, and other shell wall is when adopting heat-insulating material to make, do not have thermal convection current between the both sides of simplification composite construction thin plate sheet, but heat conducting influence generally is bigger.In order to reduce this heat conduction, should select for use as mentioned above and have lower thermal conductivity, simultaneously again heat radiation had height or high transmittance, or and high or higher refractive index materials make transparent heat absorbing sheet, or the part aspect of the hyaline layer on the heat absorbing sheet or layer heap or layer heap, and can suitably increase transparent heat absorbing sheet, or the thickness (being inversely proportional to because the heat of carrying by the heat conduction is a thickness with transmitting medium) of hyaline layer or layer heap or layer heap part aspect on the heat absorbing sheet, to make less simplification composite construction thin plate or the thin slice of heat conduction between a kind of two sides.When the two sides of this simplification composite construction thin plate sheet also can not waited according to the direction difference strongly for the thermal-radiating rate that transports, and in the time of conducting the heat transportation rate that causes greater than heat, obviously constitute a certain locking device by it, then outwards total speed of transfer heat also can be unequal with total speed of transfer heat in export-oriented this device in this device, thereby also can realize the purpose that space in it and object carry out refrigeration or pyrogenicity.

When above-mentioned various composite construction thin plate sheets more than two-layer or two-layer or simplification composite construction thin plate sheet are superimposed again, and every layer of composite construction thin plate sheet or refrigeration or the pyrogenicity face of simplifying the composite construction thin plate sheet (also are airtight side or heat absorbing sheet side, perhaps planar side or overflow to absorb the side) all when same direction, or the refrigeration that volume is differed in size or heat build-up discrete device can obtain better to freeze or add thermal effect when carrying out similar suit even the similar suit of multilayer.For example that a volume is little refrigerating plant cover is packed into behind the long-pending big refrigerating plant of one, the residing environment temperature of the refrigerating plant that volume the is little residing environment temperature of refrigerating plant that just specific volume is big is low, the thermal energy that it receives in the unit interval just will reduce when not having the overcoat refrigerating plant greatly, so the little refrigerating plant of volume is carried at its ecto-entad under the situation of constant rate of thermal energy, the actual thermal energy of ecto-entad input also just reduces greatly in unit interval, but it outwards carries the speed of thermal energy basically still by its original ratio and its device temperature inside decision of carrying thermal energy from inside to outside in installing, just its speed of heat outputting energy is constant basically from inside to outside, obviously this can make its volume inside and object be arrived lower temperature by refrigeration, when this suit was the multilayer suit, then its volume inside and object can reach extremely low temperature.

For above-mentioned various composite construction thin plate sheets provided by the present invention or simplification composite construction thin plate sheet, they all have two sides for the thermal-radiating rate performance that power does not wait according to the direction difference that transports, and respectively its mechanism are illustrated below:

Consider first kind of structure of the evacuated composite construction thin plate sheet in internal clearance earlier, the substrate plate that is heat absorbing sheet is with one-sided or double-sided surface the heat radiation of infrared band to be had high-absorbility and high emissivity, and the material that self has high thermoconductivity is made, transparent lamina on the heat absorbing sheet is that the material of using heat radiation to infrared band to have high-transmission rate, high index of refraction is made, and the airtight thin slice situation identical with structure with the material of heat absorbing sheet substrate plate.

Obviously, airtight outer surface and its external environment can constantly be carried out exchange heat, by the heat conduction, then there is heat radiation constantly to launch from the diffuse scattering surface of its inner surface, and incide on the transparent lamina of heat absorbing sheet.Because this hyaline layer is very high to thermal-radiating transmitance, and the diffuse scattering surface of the heat absorbing sheet closely connected with it is very high to thermal-radiating absorptivity, so the thermal radiation field of incident is just smoothly through hyaline layer and by the diffuse scattering surface good absorption of heat absorbing sheet.Equally, the outer surface of heat absorbing sheet also constantly carries out exchange heat with its external environment, conduct by heat, heat radiation is arranged equally, and constantly (good heat radiation absorber also is good heat radiation emitter from the diffuse scattering surface emitting of its substrate plate inboard, see Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook, Yang Chenhua, Mei Suisheng, Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, the 12nd page), and incide in the transparent lamina that is adjacent, still, when this casual emission of thermal radiation field arrives the smooth interface in the transparent lamina outside, can be because of all outgoing of total internal reflection.

This casual emission light field at the smooth interface in the transparent lamina outside because of the different total discrepant reasons of transmitance in the direction of propagation is: by the surface is that optically roughness (most actual objects all belong to this type objects) the casual emitted radiation field that planar object is launched is the light field that a kind of light direction of propagation is full of space, hemisphere angle, when casual emission of thermal radiation field in airtight one side direction transparent lamina during incident, cause is to enter optically denser medium from optically thinner medium, no matter this moment, the incidence angle of light was much, total reflection phenomenon can not take place; And when casual emission of thermal radiation field in the transparent lamina during to outer outgoing, because of being enters optically thinner medium from optically denser medium, this moment is for the light of incidence angle greater than critical angle, can experiences total internal reflection and can not outgoing, therefore make a part of heat radiation energy can not outgoing.The size of critical angle depends on the ratio of the refractive index of interface media of both sides, this ratio is big more, then critical angle value is more little (consults Chinese book " optics ", the first volume, Zhao Kaihua, the Zhong Xihua work, the BJ University Press, January in 1984 the 1st edition, the 14th page), therefore if the refractive index of transparent lamina is high more, just will there be the more heat radiation energy can not outgoing.

Certainly, for diffuse heat radiation field by airtight incident, when it passes hyaline layer and during through the interface of the diffuse scattering surface of hyaline layer and its bottom surface, if the refractive index of diffuse scattering surface material is less than hyaline layer, then also be to enter optically thinner medium from optically denser medium, no matter but the incidence angle of light is much at this moment, but can the experiences total internal reflection phenomenon, this is because object is that the superficiality behavior that occurs in surperficial a few micron thickness (is consulted Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook to thermal-radiating absorption and emission, Yang Chenhua, Mei Suisheng, the Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, the 12nd page), and the total internal reflection phenomenon is a kind of far field macroscopic behavior of light field, that is to say when light when optically denser medium enters optically thinner medium, for the light of incidence angle greater than critical angle, it is not the interface that definitely can not cross two media, and just after crossing two medium interfaces, can only propagate to the utmost point near distance, the length of this distance is wavelength magnitude, and this near field abnormal behaviour of total internal reflection can be seen English periodical " Optics ﹠amp referring to relevant experiment; Photonics News ", 1997 the 2nd phases, the 36-39 page or leaf), therefore, if the optically thinner medium of next-door neighbour's optically denser medium is the heat radiation strongly absorbing medium, no matter then the incidence angle of incident ray is much, it all will effectively be absorbed, and only under unabsorbable situation, could return optically denser medium again, promptly form total internal reflection.

So, the side that transparent lamina is arranged of heat absorbing sheet just becomes a kind of surface that can absorb weak emission to heat radiation by force, and because this side of heat absorbing sheet absorbs many to heat radiation, emission is few, cause many not as emission of heat radiation that airtight inboard receives again, this finally can make the temperature of heat absorbing sheet raise and make its heat radiation energy to side emission outwardly more than its heat radiation energy received from the outside, and the temperature that makes airtight reduces and its heat radiation energy to side emission is outwardly lacked than its heat radiation energy received from the outside, and this also transports the properties that rate does not wait because of the different powers of direction with regard to making whole composite construction thin plate sheet have both sides equivalently for thermal-radiating.

Consider second kind of structure of the evacuated composite construction thin plate sheet in internal clearance again, promptly the hyaline layer on the heat absorbing sheet wherein changes the situation of hyaline layer heap into.

Obviously, if the effect of explanation hyaline layer heap and hyaline layer is equal to or even better, then the evacuated composite construction thin plate sheet in this kind internal clearance just can understand because of the different strong and weak performances that do not wait of direction for the thermal-radiating rate that transports.

At first, because each aspect of hyaline layer heap is made by the material that heat radiation is had height or high transmittance, especially working as its skin is to make with the material which floor refractive index is successively decreased, thereby when constituting to the anti-reflection multilayer film of incident heat radiation, for the thermal radiation field that incides from outer direction on the hyaline layer heap, they can see through the hyaline layer heap better and be absorbed more by the diffuse scattering surface of heat absorbing sheet; Secondly, the bottom of piling because of hyaline layer is a high-index material, and it is closely connected with the diffuse scattering surface optical of heat absorbing sheet, so for casual launching site from the diffuse scattering surface emitting of heat absorbing sheet, they are through the interface between each different aspects in the hyaline layer heap time, if enter optically denser medium from optically thinner medium, total reflection does not then take place, if and enter optically thinner medium from optically denser medium, then also can be at every turn experiences total internal reflection all, and make the reflection of a part of heat radiation energy one by one and return, the ratio of total heat radiation energy that can not outgoing of accumulation, will depend on that (refractive index of vacuum is 1 for the vacuum that the refractive index of this hyaline layer heap bottom aspect is extraneous with it or the refractive index of air layer, and the refractive index of air layer is approximately 1) ratio, so the heat absorbing sheet with hyaline layer heap and the heat absorbing sheet with hyaline layer are relatively, under the identical situation of the refractive index of bottom aspect, its heat radiation outgoing value of piling side direction emission to layer can not become greatly, and its heat radiation value of receiving from this side draught can increase.Skin or the internal layer piled when hyaline layer are to make with the low material of pyroconductivity, and bottom is when making with high-index material, as long as each aspect also is to use the material that heat radiation is had height or a high transmittance to make, then also have and last similar effects, repeat no more, and the heat conduction of hyaline layer heap both sides can weaken herein.

Consider the third structure of the evacuated composite construction thin plate sheet in internal clearance again, promptly wherein airtight is to use the heat radiation material transparent is made, and both side surface is the situation of optical flat.

At first, the thermal radiation field that the surrounding enviroment in the airtight outside are launched generally also is mixed and disorderly casual launching site of scattering, the direction of propagation, when it incides airtight, because airtight has high permeability to heat radiation, and both side surface is optical flat, so this thermal radiation field is just smoothly by airtight, and incides on the transparent lamina or layer heap of heat absorbing sheet, see through hyaline layer or layer heap smoothly and equally then by the diffuse scattering surface good absorption of heat absorbing sheet.And by the casual emission of thermal radiation field of the diffuse scattering surface of heat absorbing sheet substrate plate inboard emission, then equally at the smooth interface in the transparent lamina outside, or each interface of layer heap can experiences total internal reflection outgoing fully because of part light.

So, the inboard of heat absorbing sheet also is to absorb many to heat radiation, emission is few, and this causes the heat radiation energy of the ecto-entad incident of passing through airtight more than what launch from inside to outside through it, this finally can make the temperature of heat absorbing sheet raise and make its heat radiation energy to side emission outwardly more than its heat radiation energy received from the outside, make that just the heat radiation energy of whole composite construction thin plate sheet heat absorbing sheet one side emission is more from the received heat radiation energy of this side than it, and make the heat radiation energy of airtight one side of whole composite construction thin plate sheet emission lack from the received heat radiation energy of this side than it, thereby also having had both sides equivalently, whole composite construction thin plate sheet transports the performances that rate does not wait because of the different powers of direction for thermal-radiating.

Consider the 4th kind of structure of the evacuated composite construction thin plate sheet in internal clearance again, promptly heat absorbing sheet wherein be a side surface be optical flat, and the situation of thin plate sheet that an other side surface is a diffuse scattering surface or multilayer build-up lamina stack

Obviously, also as long as explanation said thin plate sheet or multilayer build-up lamina stack are similar with the effect of the above-mentioned heat absorbing sheet that has the substrate plate, then the evacuated composite construction thin plate sheet in this kind internal clearance can learn because of the performances that the different powers of direction do not wait for the thermal-radiating rate that transports.

At first, can pass thin plate sheet or multilayer build-up lamina stack smoothly from the casual emission of thermal radiation field of thin plate sheet or the one side incident of multilayer build-up lamina stack plane, and incide the diffuse scattering surface of their opposite sides, because the external world of this diffuse scattering surface is an air dielectric, therefore this face diffuse transmission face just, when its outer surface is coated with infrared anti-reflection film, this face will have better transmitance.For desirable diffuse transmission face, no matter how from the incidence angle of the light in incident hemisphere space, they all can be with a part or most of diffuse transmission of incident light energy, just the direction of propagation is transmitted to mussily in the outgoing hemisphere space and goes (to consult Chinese book " optics handbook, Li Jing town chief editor, Shaanxi science tech publishing house, May in 1986 the 1st edition, 25-27 page or leaf; Chinese book " optics ", home country's light, the order of war unit is compiled, the People's Education Publishing House, September in 1978 the 1st edition, therefore the 552-556 page or leaf), can pass thin plate sheet or multilayer build-up lamina stack smoothly by the part of the casual emission of thermal radiation field of plane one side incident or major part and from its diffuse scattering surface one side outgoing.For casual emission of thermal radiation field from the extraneous incident of diffuse scattering surface one side, at first, part in them or major part also can be passed this diffuse scattering surface smoothly, also i.e. this diffuse transmission face, and mussily by the direction of propagation, also be that the direction of propagation is dispersed in and is transmitted in thin plate sheet or the multilayer build-up lamina stack in the space, whole hemisphere angle, but when they are transmitted to plane one side of thin plate sheet, or the interface between each different aspects in process multilayer build-up lamina stack, and be when optically denser medium enters optically thinner medium, incidence angle will experiences total internal reflection greater than the light of critical angle and is returned, and this finally causes a part even the most of thermal energy can not be from the plane one side outgoing of thin plate sheet or multilayer build-up lamina stack.So this thin plate sheet or multilayer build-up lamina stack have just become a kind of one-way transparent thin plate sheet of transmission to diffusing in the strong transmission of a direction of penetrating thermal radiation field and a little less than the other direction, obviously, this and above-mentioned several heat absorbing sheets to the characteristic effect of launching a little less than the thermal-radiating strong absorption roughly the same.

Consider the situation of the composite construction thin plate sheet that the internal clearance does not vacuumize below again.

Obviously, the both sides of the composite construction thin plate sheet that the internal clearance does not vacuumize transport the mechanism of action and the effects that rate does not wait because of direction is different strong and weak for thermal-radiating, be identical with the evacuated composite construction thin plate sheet in internal clearance, the difference between them is to have thermal convection current, the heat conducting influence that can not ignore between the former two sides.But as above-mentioned, the heat conduction of air is more weak, in addition if take the top said measure that separated among the thin plate sheet is become numerous airtight subs space again, it is less that the total amount of heat that the thin plate sheet both sides are caused because of thermal convection current, heat conduction transports rate, if the two sides of the composite construction thin plate sheet that the internal clearance does not vacuumize for the thermal-radiating difference that transports rate can greater than or the total amount of heat that causes much larger than thermal convection current, heat conduction transport rate, then the two sides of this kind composite construction thin plate sheet also can be different and obviously do not wait according to direction for the rate that transports only of thermal energy.

The situation of composite construction thin plate sheet is simplified in last simple declaration more once.

Because simplifying the composite construction thin plate sheet actual is exactly above-mentioned heat absorbing sheet, the one side illustrates for strong the absorption on the weak mechanism of action of launching and the usefulness of heat radiation, but because of there being bigger heat conduction between its two sides, so need take some above-mentioned corresponding measures, when if the two sides of this kind simplification composite construction thin plate sheet can transport rate greater than the total amount of heat that the heat conduction causes for the thermal-radiating difference that transports rate, its rate that transports only for thermal energy also can not wait according to the direction difference of both sides, because this kind composite construction thin plate sheet structure is simpler, so it is very simple especially to be fit to the needs structure, and refrigeration or pyrogenicity do not need very strong application, for example make clothes with soft this kind composite construction thin slice.

Foregoing invention method and device have following advantage:

1. in refrigeration or during heat build-up, consumes energy not when device itself need not external enwergy and drives therefore device operation itself, and this does not violate law of conservation of energy is because reduce in the device or thermal energy that increases and the increase of installing outer thermal energy or minimizing conservation mutually.

2. itself need not the external enwergy driving thereby do not want power source because of installing, so no matter can exempt which kind of power source, the for example pollution that all inevitably environment or atmosphere caused such as power plant, diesel engine, steam engine, when its during as refrigerating plant, also need not to use freon.

3. when as Accumulated Heat Units, as mentioned above, as long as the heat radiation little energy of injecting in from the interior heat radiation energy ratio that outside device, sends from export-oriented device, even space and object temperature in the outer environment ratio device of device are low (by the composite construction thin plate sheet of constituent apparatus or the two sides of simplifying the composite construction thin plate sheet rate that transports of thermal energy is not waited and causing, to transport the rate difference especially true when big when this), space in the device and object also can continue to heat up, therefore not only can be when it is as the Accumulated Heat Units heat build-up from high temp objects or environment, and can build up heat from equality of temperature or cryogenic object or environment.

4. the refrigeration or the mode of heat build-up are static, do not have mechanical moving component (except the door and window to be opened/closed) during the device operation, thus shockproof during device work, noiseless, and therefore device can be safeguarded less even be non-maintaining, service life is extremely long.

5. device is made easily, at first, the gentle close very easy making of substrate plate of the heat absorbing sheet in the device basic building block, and on the substrate plate of heat absorbing sheet, make hyaline layer or layer heap, available said several different methods, these methods all have maturation process and are easy to mostly or more easily implement, so the composite construction thin plate sheet that its basic building block, especially internal clearance do not vacuumize is easy with the making of simplifying the composite construction thin plate sheet.

6. Zhuan Zhi cost is not high, because of the thickness of hyaline layer on the heat absorbing sheet in its basic building block or layer heap can be very thin, general only the need gets final product greater than the wavelength of its transparent wave band, therefore can greatly reduce the consumption of infrared-transparent material, if then expense is lower to use cheap infrared-transparent material, and the price of the opaque material of required usefulness is cheap, and also all is laminar, and consumptive material is also few.

7. Zhuan Zhi basic building block is thin plate or a thin slice simple in structure, and promptly can be assembled into refrigerating plant, can be assembled into Accumulated Heat Units again, and assembling mode is also simple.

8. the device that is assembled into is from heavy and light, and the volume volume ratio is big.

9. device easily is made into complicated shape, thereby is fit to multiple special application.

10. have good refrigeration or heat build-up ability, especially nestable compound moldeed depth is freezed or is forced thermic devices, therefore can fully satisfy the practical widely needs of kind (seeing down each embodiment for details).

As seen, the method for refrigeration provided by the present invention and heat build-up and device compared with prior art have very outstanding advantage aspect some.

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is done explanation in further detail.

Fig. 1 is the structure side view of an embodiment of the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is that the light of middle heat absorbing sheet embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 absorbs schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is the light emission schematic diagram of middle heat absorbing sheet embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the side view of the another kind of structure of heat absorbing sheet in the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the side view of another structure of heat absorbing sheet in the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the side view of another structure of heat absorbing sheet in the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the airtight side view of another kind of structure in the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the structure side view of another embodiment of the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the vertical view with grid of hexagon mesh.

Figure 10 is the vertical view with grid of rectangle mesh.

Figure 11 is the vertical view with grid of circular mesh.

Figure 12 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention conduct from an embodiment of cold refrigerator.

Figure 13 is apparatus of the present invention as the but structural representation of an embodiment of sleeve pipe of the nestable compound deep cooling of hyperconductive cable.

Figure 14 is a structure side view embodiment illustrated in fig. 13.

Figure 15 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention conduct from an embodiment of hot-water bottle.

Figure 16 is apparatus of the present invention are transferred an embodiment of device as the room temperature a structural representation.

Figure 17 is the structural representations of apparatus of the present invention as an embodiment of thermo-electric generation heap.

Fig. 1 is the structure side view of an embodiment of the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention, 1 is airtight among the figure, the 2nd, the substrate plate of heat absorbing sheet, the 3rd, be made in the transparent lamina on the heat absorbing sheet, between airtight and heat absorbing sheet, leave one at interval short, suitably embed thin parting bead (for example among the figure 4) therein, carry out bondingly then along both periphery with low Heat Conduction Material (among the figure 5 and 6), and before sealing, the gap among both is evacuated.

If airtight substrate plate with heat absorbing sheet among the figure shown in 1 and 2 all adopts the sheet metal of the coarse oxidation of single side surface to make, the coarse oxidized surface of this kind, the emissivity and the absorptivity α that also are diffuse scattering surface are 0.94, their another side is that lateral surface is that ordinary hot flattens face, can spray antirust effect lacquer layer thereon, or not only have high thermal conductivity coefficient but also can be high temperature resistant or the rete of low temperature with high thermal conductivity coefficient.Establish among the figure transparent lamina shown in 3 again and adopt the KRS-5 infra-red material to make, its transparent scope be from 0.5 μ m to 40 μ m, the mean refractive index in this scope is n=2.44, select its thickness to be slightly larger than 40 μ m, because of it is very thin,, its absorption to infra-red radiation (consults Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook, Yang Chenhua so can ignoring fully, Mei Suisheng, the Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, the 14th, 102 page).

Because the gap among this composite construction thin plate is evacuated, and the thin parting bead and the peripheral adhesive strip area that can conduct heat between two walls are narrow, I only needs the thermal-radiating propagation condition between consideration two walls to be left in the basket so thermal convection current, heat between two walls are conducted very.

Fig. 2 is that the light of heat absorbing sheet in this composite construction thin plate absorbs schematic diagram.

Incide the outer side plane of transparent lamina (among the figure 3) with various incidence angle from the scatter propagation light of airtight diffusing surface, be refracted then and enter transparent lamina, enter optically denser medium because be from optically thinner medium, each incident ray, after for example light 7 reflects among the figure, its refracted ray, for example the refraction angle J of light 8 will be less than its incidence angle I among the figure, that is to say, be filled in the circular cone that semi-cone angle equals 90 ° if scatter from the direction of propagation of airtight diffuse light field, after then this diffuse light field entered transparent sheet, its direction of propagation can only be scattered and is filled in a semi-cone angle less than in 90 ° the circular cone.Because the refractive index difference of interface, transparent lamina outside media of both sides, light has certain reflectivity during by this interface, (can consult Chinese book " optics " by Fresnel reflection formula, the first volume, Zhao Kaihua, Zhong Xihua work, the BJ University Press, January in 1984 the 1st edition, the 250th page) as can be known, the light intensity reflectivity r that this kind both sides refractive index is respectively 1 and 2.44 interface is about 0.175.When these refracted rays arrived at the diffuse scattering surface of substrate plate (among the figure 2) of heat absorbing sheet through transparent laminas, then as previously mentioned, no matter the incidence angle of light is much, for example light 8, and the diffuse scattering surface that they all will be had high-absorbility absorbs.

Airtight substrate plate with heat absorbing sheet all is to make with the high sheet metal of thermal conductivity, if its thickness is 0.5 millimeter, whole generally speaking steel-sheet temperature will be uniform, therefore the intensity distributions of its thermal radiation field that sends also is uniform, so in this kind composite construction thin plate, the rate that the transports R of heat radiation energy from airtight to heat absorbing sheet _QFor

R _Q＝ε(1-r)α＝0.729. (1)

Because the inner surface of heat absorbing sheet is to overflow the surface of emission, thermal radiation field by its emission also is a kind of casual launching site, be that its direction of propagation is to scatter to be filled in the circular cone that semi-cone angle equals 90 °, when this light field incides the outer side plane of transparent lamina with various incidence angle, owing to be to enter optically thinner medium from optically denser medium, each incident ray, for example after 9 refractions of the light among the figure, its refracted ray, for example the refraction angle J ' of the light among the figure 10 will be greater than its incidence angle I ', so will be greater than 90 ° light for those its refraction angles, light 11 among the figure for example, they can not outgoing, and is reflected and returns and absorbed by the diffusing surface of heat absorbing sheet again, just in time is that 90 ° incidence angle is exactly critical angle A corresponding to the refraction angle.Therefore, scatter the thermal radiation field that is full of in the circular cone that semi-cone angle equals 90 ° by the direction of propagation of the inboard diffusing surface emission of heat absorbing sheet, having only the direction of propagation is that part in semi-cone angle equals the circular cone of critical angle A could be from the outer side plane outgoing of transparent lamina.The casual surface of emission of heat absorbing sheet equals the heat radiation energy launched in the circular cone of critical angle A to the semi-cone angle in its left side, equal in 90 ° the circular cone with the semi-cone angle to its left side, just the ratio calculation of the two of the heat radiation energy of being launched in its hemisphere space, left side is as follows.

Sheet metal for the rough surface oxidation, perhaps more general, for the most of objects that run in the daily life, their are similar to are Lambertian emitters more, the every bin on Lambertian emitter surface is directly proportional with cos θ to the heat radiation energy intensity dI of certain direction emission, wherein θ is the angle of bin normal and transmit direction, utilize the computing formula of thermal radiation flux (to see Chinese book " optics handbook, Li Jing town chief editor, Shaanxi science tech publishing house, May in 1986 the 1st edition, the 10-12 page or leaf)

Φ=∫ ∫ ∫ L _λCos θ d Ω dsd λ, (2) (Φ is a thermal radiation flux in the formula, L _λBe spectral luminance factor, d Ω is the solid angle infinitesimal, and ds is the area element of radiation source, and d λ is the microcell section of band), we can calculate above-mentioned ratio.

If (2) spectral luminance factor L in the formula _λIntegrated value to wavelength X is L, the gross area of establishing the casual surface of emission of heat absorbing sheet again is S, so (2) formula becomes Φ=LS ∫ cos θ d Ω, respectively semi-cone angle is equaled the circular cone solid angle of critical angle A and the circular cone solid angle integration that semi-cone angle equals 90 ° again, then obtains respectively

Φ _A＝LSsin ²A， (3)

Φ _{90 °}=LSsin ²90 °=LS, (4) are obvious, and the ratio of the two is

η＝sin ²A. (5)

By the light refraction law

n _iSinI=n _jSinJ, (6) (I and J are respectively the incidence angle and the refraction angles of light in the formula, n _iWith n _jBe respectively the incident space and the refractive index of refraction space medium, visible Chinese book " optics ", the first volume, Zhao Kaihua, Zhong Xihua work, BJ University Press, January in 1984 the 1st edition, the 12nd page), and substitution n _i=2.44, n _j=1, be 90 ° incidence angle as can be known corresponding to the refraction angle, also be that critical angle A is 24.2 °, so the casual surface of emission that is obtained heat absorbing sheet by (5) formula is 0.168 to the semi-cone angle in its left side equals the thermal radiation flux launched in the circular cone of critical angle A and its thermal radiation flux of being launched in hemisphere space on the left of it ratio η.

So, in this kind composite construction thin plate, the rate that the transports R of heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _XFor

R _X＝εη(1-r)α＝0.122. (7)

By (1), (7) formula as seen, in this kind composite construction thin plate, can be from airtight heat radiation energy transport rate than a lot of greatly to airtight heat radiation energy transport rate from heat absorbing sheet to heat absorbing sheet, the clean difference that can flow between them is thermal energy from the transhipment value of thin plate refrigeration wall to thin plate pyrogenicity wall, also absorbs thereby give the refrigerating capacity of refrigeration wall to thin plate refrigeration wall for thin plate pyrogenicity wall.

Fig. 4 is the side view of the another kind of structure of the heat absorbing sheet in the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

12 is substrate plates of heat absorbing sheet among the figure, and 13 and 14 is the transparent lamina heaps that are made on its diffusing surface, and wherein 13 is bottoms of thin layer heap, the 14th, and antireflective coating.

If the selection of the substrate plate among the figure shown in 12 and structure are identical with substrate plate among Fig. 1, the bottom of establishing the heap of the thin layer shown in 13 among the figure again is to make with lead telluride (PbTe), its infrared transparent scope is that 3.4 μ m are to 30 μ m, mean refractive index in this scope is n=5.70, selects its thickness to be a bit larger tham 30 μ m.

Antireflective coating among the figure shown in 14 can be the single layer anti reflective coating layer that refractive index is from inside to outside successively decreased in gradient, also can itself be again by several layers of refractive index difference, or the several layers of antireflective coating heap that refractive index is different and rete that from inside to outside successively successively decrease combines (successively not drawn in each interface in the rete heap again among the figure).Because making optics (containing infrared) antireflective coating or the existing known mature technique of layer heap (can be consulted Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook, Yang Chenhua, Mei Suisheng, the Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, the 105-112 page or leaf), structural design, Analysis on Mechanism and the concrete selection of this antireflective coating or layer heap are not given unnecessary details herein.

If change the heat absorbing sheet in the composite construction thin plate shown in Fig. 1 into heat absorbing sheet shown in Figure 4, because the bottom of hyaline layer heap is the high-index material lead telluride on the heat absorbing sheet, (5) the critical angle A in the formula will be reduced to 10.1 °, therefore ratio η reduces to 0.0308, again because the outer surface of this bottom has anti-reflection film or membrane stack, so should the surface also will reduce to the reflectivity r of incident intensity or output intensity, if its reflectivity is reduced to 0.05, substitution ε=α=0.94 again, then can obtain in this kind composite construction thin plate the rate that transports R from airtight to heat absorbing sheet and heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _Q, R _XBe respectively

R _Q＝ε(1-r)α＝0.839， (8)

R _X=ε η (1-r) α=0.026, (9) as seen in the composite construction thin plate after this kind improvement, will become very greatly different from airtight to heat absorbing sheet with from heat absorbing sheet to the difference of airtight heat radiation energy transport rate.

If for reducing cost, the bottom of thin layer among Fig. 4 shown in 13 heap can be with inexpensive epoxy resin, its transparent scope is to about 16 μ m from the visual field, but in this scope, at 2.8 μ m-3.5 μ m, 6 μ m-7 μ m have bigger absorption in the section of 7.5 μ m-8.5 μ m, so it is at the total transmitance T in the scope that can see 16 μ m _ABe about 60%, the refractive index n of epoxy resin=1.48 select its thickness to be a bit larger tham 20 μ m.Also can plate anti-reflection film shown among Fig. 4 14 again in its outside, establish that the light intensity reflectivity of outer surface is 0.01 (surface at the low material of refractive index is coated with anti-reflection film, easier acquisition low light strong reflection rate) behind the plated film.

After changing the heat absorbing sheet in the composite construction thin plate shown in Fig. 1 into such heat absorbing sheet, then by with last similar calculating, can obtain in the composite construction thin plate the rate that transports R from airtight to heat absorbing sheet and heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _Q, R _XBe respectively

R _Q＝ε(1-r)T _Aα＝0.525， (10)

R _X＝εT _Aη(1-r)α＝0.239. (11)

Though reduce from airtight to heat absorbing sheet with from the difference of heat absorbing sheet, still have difference, so still can be made into device with certain refrigeration or pyrogenicity ability with them to airtight heat radiation energy transport rate.

Fig. 5 is the side view of another structure of the heat absorbing sheet in the basic building block composite construction thin plate sheet of apparatus of the present invention.

15 and 16 constitute the hyaline layer heap among the figure, wherein 15 is bottoms of layer heap, and its bottom surface is made into diffuse scattering surface, the 16th, and antireflective coating or antireflective coating heap, and 17 be to use to absorb and film that the material of high emission is made heat radiation is high, replaces the substrate plate on the above-mentioned said heat absorbing sheet.

If 15 is to make with silicon (Si) among the figure, its transparent scope is to 25 μ m from 1.1 μ m, refractive index n=3.42, because of whole plate needs certain mechanical strength, so its thickness should be big slightly, can be a millimeter magnitude (each layer thickness draws not in scale), the light intensity reflectivity of establishing antireflective coating shown in 16 among the figure or rete heap is 0.04, establish that the rete shown in 17 is to make with aluminium oxide among the figure, its heat radiation emissivity and absorptivity α are 0.96 again.

So, also by with last similar calculating as can be known, after changing the heat absorbing sheet in the composite construction thin plate shown in Fig. 1 into such heat absorbing sheet, then in this kind composite construction thin plate, the rate that the transports R from airtight to heat absorbing sheet and heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _Q, R _XBe respectively

R _Q＝ε(1-r)α＝0.885， (12)

R _X=ε η (1-r) α=0.075, (13) are obvious, in this kind composite construction thin plate, also are very big to heat absorbing sheet with from heat absorbing sheet to the difference of the rate that transports of airtight heat radiation energy from airtight.

18 and 19 constitute the hyaline layer heap among the figure, wherein 18 is bottoms of layer heap, its bottom surface also is made into diffuse scattering surface, the 19th, antireflective coating or antireflective coating heap, and 20 are the antireflective coatings that are made in thin layer heap bottom diffusing surface surface, the thickness of this rete is less than the average height of the random fluctuation of its diffusing surface that adheres to, so the outer surface of this rete also is still a diffusing surface.

Can pass antireflective coating or antireflective coating heap 19, transparent panel 18 smoothly and arrive diffusing surface from the scatter propagation light in this kind heat absorbing sheet left side, because this diffusing surface is a diffuse transmission face, and its outside has the anti-reflection film that does not change its random fluctuation face shape feature again, by its left side incident light can see through this face outgoing most ofly, and by diffuse transmission in the hemisphere space on its right side.Obviously, scatter propagation light by the right side incident of this kind heat absorbing sheet also can pass the diffusing surface that it is coated with anti-reflection film earlier smoothly, and by diffuse transmission, also be that the direction of propagation intersperses among in a jumble and enters into thin plate 18 in the whole hemisphere space, but when these light walk to plane one side of thin plate layer 18, incidence angle is greater than the light of critical angle experiences total internal reflection and returning successively, and therefore can make can not outgoing by the light major part of this kind heat absorbing sheet right side incident.

If 18 is to make with selenium sulfide (SeS) glass among the figure, its transparent scope is to 17 μ m from 0.87 μ m, refractive index n=2.773, its thickness should be a millimeter magnitude slightly greatly also, if the light intensity reflectivity of antireflective coating shown in 19 and 20 or rete heap all is 0.02 among the figure, so by with last similar calculating, then as can be known after changing the heat absorbing sheet in the composite construction thin plate shown in Fig. 1 into such heat absorbing sheet, then in this kind composite construction thin plate, the rate that the transports R from airtight to heat absorbing sheet and heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _Q, R _XBe respectively

R _Q＝ε(1-r) ²＝0.903， (14)

R _X=η (1-r) ²α=0.117, (15) in this kind composite construction thin plate, also are very big to heat absorbing sheet with from heat absorbing sheet to the difference of airtight heat radiation energy transport rate from airtight as seen.

Among the figure 21 be one to the transparent thin flat plate of heat radiation, 22 and 23 is to be made in the antireflective coating of its both side surface or antireflective coating heap.If 21 is to make with selenium sulfide glass among the figure, and the light intensity reflectivity of the antireflective coating shown in 22 and 23 or rete heap all is 0.02 among the figure, with the heat absorbing sheet shown in airtight of this kind and Fig. 6 as airtight in the composite construction thin plate shown in Fig. 1 and heat absorbing sheet, then use and last similar calculating, can obtain in the composite construction thin plate of forming by them the rate that transports R from airtight to heat absorbing sheet and heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _Q, R _XBe respectively

R _Q＝(1-r) ⁴＝0.922， (16)

R _X＝η(1-r) ⁴＝0.130. (17)

24 is airtight among the figure, the 25th, heat absorbing sheet, the 26th, embed airtight with heat absorbing sheet among the grid with hexagon mesh as shown in Figure 9.

Gap between airtight and the heat absorbing sheet does not vacuumize, and therefore the rate that always transports of the thermal energy in this kind composite construction thin plate sheet is the rate that the transports R of the heat radiation energy from airtight to heat absorbing sheet _Q, the rate that the transports R of heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _X, the thermally conductive heat amount from the high temperature wall to the low temperature wall that is caused by the heat conduction of air layer in the gap transports rate R _CAnd the thermal convection current heat transportation rate R that causes by the thermal convection current of air layer in the gap from the high temperature wall to the low temperature wall _DThese four sums.

If airtight is to adopt airtight used among top Fig. 1, and heat absorbing sheet is the described heat absorbing sheet of Fig. 4 above adopting, then at first, in this kind composite construction thin plate, the rate that transports available above-mentioned (8) from airtight to heat absorbing sheet and the heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight, (9) formula are calculated, and are obtained R respectively _Q=0.839, R _X=0.026.

By the hot propagation formula of material and thermal convection current formula (below seeing for details to explanation embodiment illustrated in fig. 13) as can be known, the heat conduction of air layer and thermal convection current just produce when just in the two sides of air layer temperature difference being arranged, that is to say, after the composite construction thin plate that does not vacuumize with inside shown in Figure 8 constitutes a locking device, initial time in this device refrigeration or heat build-up, owing to still do not have the temperature difference inside and outside the device, so the heat transportation that conduction of the heat of the air layer in the shell wall of device and thermal convection current cause is zero, just the space in device object turns cold or heating after, the heat conduction of air layer and thermal convection current heat transportation just begin to occur also grow gradually in the device shell wall, therefore, the composite construction thin plate that inside shown in Figure 8 does not vacuumize does not change the freezing or the fundamental property of heat build-up of device of its formation, just will influence the degree of depth of its refrigeration or the intensity of heat build-up, obviously, when the rate that the transports difference of the heat radiation energy of this kind composite construction thin plate both sides very big, and in its wall the heat conduction of air layer and thermal convection current heat transportation value than hour, still have certain refrigeration or heat build-up ability by its device that constitutes, provide during the concrete refrigeration general of the refrigerating plant that the composite construction thin plate that is not vacuumized by this kind inside constitutes is embodiment illustrated in fig. 13 below.

Embedded air is separated and is used grid in the composite construction thin plate shown in Figure 8, also available grid with rectangle mesh shown in Figure 10, grid with circular mesh perhaps shown in Figure 11, they are easier to make sometimes, but mesh is that hexagonal grid is under the situation of same area and same mesh count, have the most strong at least advantage of materials, this is the characteristics of known alveolate texture just also.

The shell wall of establishing four sides of installing among the figure (for example among the figure 27 and 28) and last end face (among the figure 29) earlier is to constitute with the evacuated composite construction thin plate in above-mentioned internal clearance, and wherein airtight adopts among Fig. 1 said airtight, heat absorbing sheet wherein adopts said heat absorbing sheet among Fig. 4, in addition make the weight capacity of lower pallet (among the figure 30) with the increase device with a heat-insulating material, the periphery driving fit mutually of five composite construction thin plates and a heat-insulating shield, constitute an airtight casing, with the heat absorbing sheet side of five composite construction thin plates all towards the outside of container, and will be wherein a composite construction board system of a side be made into door to be opened/closed, among the figure 31, the 32nd, be positioned over the article in the case.

Utilize Planck thermal radiation law (consult Chinese book " laser and infrared technique handbook, Yang Chenhua, Mei Suisheng, Lin Junting chief editor, National Defense Industry Press, May nineteen ninety the 1st edition, 1-11 page or leaf)

γ _o＝(2πhc ²λ ^-5)/[exp(hc/kλT)-1]，

H=6.626 * 10 ^-34Joule second,

C=2.99792458 * 10 ¹⁴The micron second ^-1,

K=1.3806 * 10 ^-23The joule degree Kelvin ^-1, (18) [λ is wavelength (unit: micron) in the formula, T be absolute temperature (unit: degree Kelvin)], at 1 micron to 16 microns, 1 micron to 25 microns, in 1 micron to 30 microns the wave-length coverage, to γ _oCarry out integration and can obtain the spoke emittance of black matrix in each wave-length coverage of different temperatures, also promptly under different temperatures and in each wave-length coverage, total thermal radiation flux from the black body radiation of a per square meter of surface area to the hemisphere space, table 1 has been listed some concrete calculated values.

The black body radiation of table 1 per square meter of surface area is to total thermal radiation flux in hemisphere space

(unit: watt/every square metre)

Temperature thermal radiation flux thermal radiation flux thermal radiation flux

(degree centigrade) (1 to 16 micron) (1 to 25 micron) (1 to 30 micron)

-180 0.05 0.54 0.97

-160 0.39 2.19 3.35

-130 2.87 9.53 12.66

-100 11.45 27.44 33.48

-70 32.19 62.21 71.96

-30 92.09 147.59 163.19

-10 141.84 212.59 231.42

0 172.93 251.86 272.37

10 208.69 296.14 318.36

23 262.82 361.82 386.32

40 348.06 462.93 490.48

100 811.08 987.62 1026.50

200 2384.80 2678.22 2737.24

300 5479.51 5900.75 5980.84

If the outer volume of device is 560mm * 520mm * 1500mm, this is about the volume of 200 liters of two-door refrigerators of common family expenses, so four sides of device and the gross area of last end face shell wall are 3.5312 meters ², the area of the bottom surface shell wall of device is 0.2912 meter ²Four sides of device and the interior lateral surface of last end face shell wall are made the pyroconductivity ρ of steel by sheet metal _CBe 56 watts of rice ^-1Degree Kelvin ^-1, and the thermal convection current exothermic coefficient ρ of air when contacting with metallic plate _FBe 444.44 watts of rice ^-2Degree Kelvin ^-1Utilize hot propagation formula and thermal convection current formula, then have

p _c＝[ρ _C(t ₁-t ₂)]/δ， (19)

p _f=ρ _F(t ₁-t ₂), p in (20) formula _cBe the hot conducted power of steel-sheet of unit are, (t ₁-t ₂) be the temperature difference of sheet metal both side surface, δ is a steel-sheet thickness, and p _fThen be air is taken away heat when contacting with the sheet metal of unit are by convection current speed.Substitution (t ₁-t ₂)=1 degree Kelvin, δ=0.5 millimeter obtains p _cBe every square metre 112 * 10 ³Watt, p _fBe 444.44 watts every square metre.The bottom surface shell wall of establishing device again is the heat-barrier material hard polyaminoester (the discontinuous bubble of polyester is filled in the lamellar hollow container made from suitable material) that adopts refrigerator commonly used, its pyroconductivity ρ _cBe 0.024 watt of rice ^-1Degree Kelvin ^-1(can consult Chinese book " refrigeration air-conditioner principle and equipment ", Xu Desheng, Wu Zhenyao chief editor, publishing house of Shanghai Communications University, February in 1996 the 1st edition, 25-27,30-32 page or leaf).

Be located at a certain initial time, the outer environment of space and the article in the device and device is in a certain identical room temperature t, and establishing t is 23 degree Celsius, and thermal energy is just transmitted with different speed with last end face shell wall in four sides of device in device and outside installing then.Because four sides and the last end face shell wall of device are 23 degrees centigrade, so the heat radiation power that emission is carried in their the heat absorbing sheet lateral device is

P _BN=S _BP _H23R _X, S in (21) formula _BBe the gross area of four sides of device and last end face shell wall, P _H23When being 23 degrees centigrade of black matrixes in the thermal power of 3 microns institute's radiation in 30 micrometer ranges, R _XThen provide substitution S by (9) formula _B=3.5312 meters ², P _H23=386.32 watts of rice ^-2(black matrix 23 degrees centigrade time very little), and R 1 micron thermal power to the radiation of 3 microns interval institutes _X=0.026, obtain P _BN=35.47 watts.To transport speed big to thermal-radiating because the thermal convection current rate of heat release of steel-sheet thermal conduction rate when contacting with surface of thin steel sheet with air is more than the composite construction thin plate, so P _BNValue also promptly is approximately four sides of device and the heat radiation performance number that last end face shell wall is carried in device.

And four sides of device and airtight lateral device of last end face shell wall are launched the heat radiation power of conveying outward and are

P _BW=S _BP _H23R _Q, R in (22) formula _QProvide same substitution S by (8) formula _B=3.5312 meters ², P _H23=386.32 watts of rice ^-2And R _Q=0.839, obtain P _BW=1144.54 watts, it also is approximately four sides of device and the heat radiation performance number that last end face shell wall is carried outside device.

Since in the device external refrigeration when beginning the temperature difference little, so the time device the heat leak in device that causes of bottom surface shell wall can ignore.

The difference of four sides of device and the last end face shell wall power of conveying thermal energy in device and outside device is effective refrigeration work consumption of this device, from the above it is when 23 degree Celsius begin to freeze, refrigeration work consumption can reach 1109.07 watts, and this is much larger than the refrigeration work consumption of 200 liters of two-door refrigerators of general family expenses.

Certainly, along with turning cold gradually of space in the device and object, the heat radiation energy that they send can reduce gradually, therefore the speed of the further refrigeration of device is also reduced gradually, when the heat radiation energy that outwards sends of object in the device is final when equating with the heat radiation energy of injecting outside installing, space that this device is interior and object maintain just that (establishing temperature at this moment is t under a kind of temperature-resistant low-temperature condition _p).

Under the different situation of temperature, be in thermally equilibrated condition with the outer environment of object and device by the space in the device, have

P _BW=P _BN+ P _DN, P in (23) formula _BWAnd P _BNOn state, be respectively four sides of device and last end face shell wall to device the heat radiation power of conveying in the outer and device, attention P _BWThough still have the definition of (22) formula, blackbody emissive power P wherein _H23Should change black matrix at cryogenic temperature t _pThe time radiant power P _HtpAnd the P in the formula _DNBe heat leak (heat conduction) power of bottom surface shell wall in device of device, it has following formula to provide

P _DN=[ρ _C(t ₁-t _p) S _D]/δ _D, ρ in (24) formula _CBe the pyroconductivity of bottom surface shell wall material, (t ₁-t _p) be the temperature difference of bottom surface shell wall both side surface, S _DBe the area of bottom surface shell wall, and δ _DBe the thickness of bottom surface shell wall.Substitution ρ _C=0.024 watt of rice ^-1Degree Kelvin ^-1, t ₁=23 degrees centigrade, t _p=-100 degrees centigrade, δ _D=6 centimetres, and S _D=0.2912 meter ², obtain P _DN=14.57 watts.

Because P _BN=35.47 watts, as can be known as long as P _BWGreater than 50.04 watts, the space in the device and the temperature of object just can be reduced to below negative 100 degree Celsius, and by above-mentioned table 1 as can be known, black matrix is the radiant power P in 1 micron to 30 microns scope when Celsius negative 100 spend _H-100=33.48 watts, so by space and the object heat radiation power P when Celsius negative 100 spend outwards sent of (22) formula in installing as can be known _BW=99.19 watts, because the total power value P of its thermal energy of still in it, importing greater than the outer environment of device this moment _BN+ P _DNTherefore this device can also continue the refrigeration cooling to space in it and object this moment, obviously this considerably beyond the needs of general domestic refrigerator, so can use the more relatively poor composite construction thin plate of above-mentioned effect instead as tank wall, perhaps reduces the shared ratio of this kind composite construction thin plate in tank wall.Certainly, ignored some other heat leak loss in the aforementioned calculation, as the thermally conductive heat leakage of thin parting bead in the composite construction thin plate etc., but the good refrigeration performance aforementioned calculation of this kind device fully confirms.

The shell wall of considering four sides of refrigerator among Figure 12 and last end face is below used the situation of the composite construction thin plate that the internal clearance shown in Fig. 8 do not vacuumize instead, and certainly, the heat absorbing sheet side of these thin plates is also towards the outside of refrigerator.

For this situation, the environment of the space of refrigerator inside and object and outside is not in thermally equilibrated condition simultaneously in temperature and is

P _BW=P _BN+ P _DN+ P _QC+ P _QD, P in (25) formula _BWAnd P _BNStill be respectively four sides of refrigerator and the heat radiation power that last end face shell wall is carried outside refrigerator and in the refrigerator, P in the formula _DNBe the hot conducted power of bottom surface shell wall in refrigerator of refrigerator, and P _QCWith P _QDThen be respectively the heat power of in refrigerator, carrying that heat conduction and the thermal convection current of air layer in the wall of four sides of refrigerator and last end face shell wall caused.

In above-mentioned explanation for composite construction thin plate shown in Figure 8, known in its described composite construction thin plate, be respectively R from the airtight rate that transports to heat absorbing sheet and heat radiation energy from heat absorbing sheet to airtight _Q=0.839, R _X=0.026.

If refrigerator still is in the environment of 23 degrees centigrade of room temperatures, and the temperature inside the box is subzero 10 degrees centigrade, then has

P _BW=S _BP _H-10R _Q=685.62 watts, (26)

P _BN=S _BP _H23R _X=35.47 watts, (27) utilize preceding (24) formula again, obtain P _DN=3.91 watts.

The pyroconductivity ρ of air _CBe 0.022 watt of rice ^-1Degree Kelvin ^-1, and the thermal convection current exothermic coefficient ρ of air when flowing _DBe from 2.778 watts of rice ^-2Degree Kelvin ^-1To 13.889 watts of rice ^-2Degree Kelvin ^-1Between, because the gap clearance in the thin plate is very short, and is separated into enough little mutual airtight subspace by the grid of hexagon mesh again, thereby the air in each little lattice is mobile extremely faint, so get ρ _DEqual 2.778 watts of rice ^-2Degree Kelvin ^-1Be rational.Utilize hot propagation formula and thermal convection current formula, have

P _QC＝S _B[ρ _C(t ₁-t _d)]/δ， (28)

P _QD=S _Bρ _D(t ₁-t _d), (29) substitution S _B=3.5312 meters ², (t ₁-t _d)=33 degree Kelvin is established δ=30 millimeter, again so obtain P _QC+ P _QD=409.13 watts.

Because P _BW=685.62 watts, and P _BN+ P _DN+ P _QC+ P _QD=448.51 watts, the heat general power that the heat general power that this moment, refrigerator was exported is from inside to outside still imported in it greater than the outer environment of refrigerator, therefore when the composite construction thin plate that does not vacuumize with the internal clearance shown in Fig. 8 during as the shell wall of four sides of refrigerator and last end face, this refrigerator can be negative below 10 degrees centigrade with placing its interior object refrigeration to arrive, thereby this refrigerator also has certain refrigerating capacity.

33 is outer tubes among the figure, the 34th, inner sleeve, the 35th, place the high-temperature superconductive cable among the two-layer sleeve pipe, if inside and outside two-layer sleeve pipe all is to make with the evacuated composite construction thin plate in above-mentioned internal clearance, and wherein airtight (inboard towards pipe) all adopts among Fig. 1 said airtight, and heat absorbing sheet wherein all adopts said heat absorbing sheet among Fig. 4, and Figure 14 is the structure side view of the nestable compound cooling collar of this kind.

Between outer tube and the inner sleeve, preferably all leave the short distance gap between inner sleeve and the cable, and in the embedding gap, thin planchet central spacer certain distance ground made from the well insulated material, easy for what illustrate, the cross sectional shape that present embodiment is established internal and external casing is square, obviously, their cross sectional shape also can be circle, and perhaps other can the fine shape that cooperates or be easy to make with cable.

If the length of side of outer tube is 20 millimeters, the length of side of inner sleeve is 14 millimeters, is unit length, then the surface area S of 10 meters long outer tubes if establish 10 meters _G1It is 0.8 meter ², and the surface area S of 10 meters long inner sleeves _G2It is 0.56 meter ²By above-mentioned (8) and (9) formula, the refrigeration side surface of the composite construction thin plate of known this kind of formation sleeve pipe is to the rate that the transports R of the heat radiation energy of pyrogenicity side surface _Q=0.839, and the rate that the transports R of the heat radiation energy from its pyrogenicity side surface to the refrigeration side surface _X=0.026.

If outer tube is to be in the environment of 23 degrees centigrade of normal temperature, then length is that the heat radiation power that 10 meters outer tube is imported in it is

P _G1N=S _G1P _H23R _X=8.04 watts. (30)

Because the refrigeration of this composite construction thin plate of forming sleeves, temperature in the outer tube will progressively be reduced, in order to estimate accessible temperature in the outer tube, we still utilize aforesaid thermal equilibrium condition as the reference foundation, if if the temperature in the outer tube is reduced to negative 100 degrees centigrade, then the heat radiation power of from inside to outside exporting by 10 meters long outer tubes is

P _G1W=S _G1P _H-100R _Q=22.47 watts, the heat release condition that (31) are turned cold by object by the refrigeration of one deck outer tube, can make its internal objects as can be known, and promptly inner sleeve is in the negative 100 following low temperature environments Celsius.

Inner sleeve can make its inner object further lower the temperature, because the ambient temperature of inner sleeve is-100 degrees centigrade, then length is that the heat radiation power that 10 meters inner sleeve is imported in it is

P _G2N=S _G2P _H-100R _X=0.49 watt, (32) and if establish temperature in the inner sleeve again and be reduced to negative 160 degrees centigrade, then the heat radiation power of from inside to outside exporting by 10 meters long inner sleeves is

P _G2W=S _G2P _H-160R _Q=1.57 watts, (33) as seen by the secondary refrigeration of two-layer nestable compound sleeve pipe, can make its inner object, and promptly high-temperature superconductive cable is in the negative low temperature environment below 160 degrees centigrade.

High-temperature superconductor is because its huge tempting application prospect worldwide receives extensively close concern, and the numerous countries in the whole world drop into huge manpower and materials and carried out going deep into long term studies, in recent ten years, reap rich fruits.

The operation temperature area of high temperature superconducting materia has been brought up to degree Kelvin more than 100 at present, also is that this is astonishing achievements beyond doubt, and are partly begun to use about subzero 105,60 degree Celsius.But when the material of this kind warm area is employed, element that is made into or device refrigeration are to Celsius subzero 105,60 degree, though present dark Refrigeration Technique can be accomplished this point fully, but obviously this is not easily, in some cases or even the difficulty, this makes the high temperature superconducting materia of present level to be widely used on a large scale, thereby the importance of the maximum of high temperature superconducting materia is not implemented, so, people still further improve the operation temperature area of high temperature superconducting materia at as best one may at present, and wish the final room temperature that arrives, this is field, an extremely important research forward position in the our times scope, also is a worldwide difficult problem.

If a kind of equipment is simple, energy consumption is again little even do not have a dark refrigeration method of energy consumption, can make the high temperature superconducting materia of present level be cooled to its operation temperature area easily, thereby they just can more extensively even widely be used now, obviously, this will be new outlet of research developing of high-temperature superconductor, and make the extensive practicality of high temperature superconducting materia, and also promptly far reaching is used in advance and realized.

The inventive method and device are can equipment simple, and do not have the dark refrigeration of carrying out of energy consumption, and the shape that easily is made into various complexity is to be fit to multiple special needs, so the inventive method and device provide this hope.

36 is kettle bodies among the figure, it is to make with the evacuated composite construction thin plate bending in above-mentioned internal clearance, wherein airtight adopts among Fig. 1 said airtight, and heat absorbing sheet wherein also is to adopt said heat absorbing sheet among Fig. 4, and kettle body heat absorbing sheet side is towards the kettle inboard.By above-mentioned (8) and (9) formula, know the transport rate R of the refrigeration side of the composite construction thin plate that constitutes the kettle body to the heat radiation energy of pyrogenicity side _Q=0.839, and the rate that the transports R of the heat radiation energy from its pyrogenicity side to the refrigeration side _X=0.026.

37 is tender filling hole covers made from heat-insulating material among the figure, install an effluent switch made from heat-insulating material (among the figure 38) additional at the delivery port of kettle, when the exhalant canal of the through hole on this switch and Hu Zui is vertical, space and extraneous in the kettle by airtight partition, when wanting pouring, it is revolved turn 90 degrees, then the exhalant canal of through hole on it and Hu Zui connects, for preventing that water-in-kettle when boiling tender filling hole cover from fiercely being washed open, one safety-valve (among the figure 39) is housed on kettle body top, and its internal structure can be identical with the safety-valve structure of existing goods pressure cooker.

If the radius of kettle body is 10 centimetres, height is 16 centimetres, then the surface area S of kettle body _SBe about 0.163 square metre.

After injecting water in the kettle, establish in the room temperature environment that is placed on 23 degrees centigrade, so the thermal energy power of importing from outside to inside by Hu Bi is

P _SN=S _SP _H23R _Q=52.83 watts. (34)

Once more with accessible temperature in the thermal equilibrium condition form the basis estimation kettle, if the temperature of water-in-kettle body is heated to 100 degrees centigrade, and establish the temporary transient also breakdown thereby can disregard the thermal losses that outer spray steam takes away the time not of safety-valve, then the heat radiation power of from inside to outside exporting by the kettle body is

P _SW=S _SP _H100R _X=4.35 watts, (35) by the heat absorption condition of object heating as can be known, the water body in this moment kettle also can heat up because of continuing heat absorption, certainly, does not also count the thermally conductive heat amount loss of pot lid and kettle mouth switch in the calculating.

Since this kind heater can be with water boil, obviously change its profile and the pot made, cage etc., just can place kind food processing widely in it ripe, this just makes the most widely used power consumption utensil of class people exempt energy resource consumption.

In fact, can make space and object in it be heated to higher temperature, for example make an airtight heat gathering box, establish the surface area S of case with this kind composite construction board by the above-mentioned made heating appliances of composite construction board that constitutes this kettle body _XBe 1 square metre, box outside temperature is 23 degrees centigrade, and then the heat power of importing from outside to inside by tank wall is

P _XN=S _XP _H23R _Q=324.12 watts, (36) and if the temperature inside the box reached 300 degrees centigrade, then the heat power of from inside to outside exporting by tank wall is

P _XW=S _XP _H300R _X=155.50 watts, (37) as seen, this kind heat gathering box can be heated to its volume inside and object more than 300 degree Celsius, high like this internal temperature can be used as between foodstuff oven, the molten stove of the manufacturing raw material of plastics, industrial baking etc. fully, thereby has more purposes.

Figure 16 is apparatus of the present invention are transferred an embodiment of device as the room temperature a structural representation, 40 is that a certain sidewalls that window maybe can be installed is installed in the room among the figure, among the figure 41 be can daylighting on this sidewalls ordinary window, among the figure 42,43,44 and 45 be with above-mentioned self cooling refrigerator or in the embodiment of hot-water bottle the evacuated composite construction thin plate in said inside made four independently the room temperature transfer device, and adopt suitable fixed mechanism, for example composite construction board up and down or left and right edges in the middle of rotating shaft is installed so that their sides towards more easily turning over turnback.

When temperature is hot, can be with pyrogenicity sheet one side of four composite construction thin plates towards outdoor, if the area of every composite construction thin plate is 1 square metre, the temperature of establishing the indoor and outdoor again is 40 degree Celsius, so four composite construction thin plates are approximately to the outdoor power that transports thermal energy

P _WW=S _WP _H40R _Q, (38) substitution S _W=4 meters ², P _H40=490.48 watts of rice ^-2And R _Q=0.839, obtain P _WW=1646.05 watts.And four composite construction thin plates are approximately to the indoor power that transports thermal energy

P _WN=S _WP _H40R _X, (39) substitution each value and R _X=0.026, obtain P _WN=51.01 watts.Therefore to transfer total refrigeration work consumption of devices be 1595.04 watts when refrigeration begins to four room temperature that are made of these four composite construction thin plates.

And when temperature is cold, then pyrogenicity sheet one rollover of four composite construction thin plates can be changeed towards indoor, be subzero 10 degree Celsius if establish the temperature of indoor and outdoor this moment, so four composite construction thin plates are approximately to the outdoor power that transports thermal energy

P _WW=S _WP _-10R _X, (40) substitution each value and P _-10=231.42 watts of rice ^-2, obtain P _WW=24.07 watts.And four composite construction thin plates are approximately to the indoor power that transports thermal energy

P _WN=S _WP _-10R _Q, each value of (41) substitution obtains P _WN=776.65 watts.Therefore to transfer total heating power of devices be 752.58 watts when heating begins to four room temperature that are made of these four composite construction thin plates.

With one in four composite construction thin plates or two pyrogenicity sheet one side towards outdoor, and pyrogenicity sheet one side of remaining composite construction board is towards indoor, then can adjust refrigeration or the heating power of transferring device by its synthetic total room temperature, to adapt under different temperature conditions needs to the temperature regulating degree, when spring and autumn does not need room temperature regulated, then can be outwardly with the pyrogenicity sheet of half composite construction board, the pyrogenicity sheet of half composite construction board inwardly, thereby make synthetic refrigeration or heating power be approximately zero.

J among the figure ₁,, J _K+1, J _K+2, J _K+3, J _K+4,, J _MBe M the primitive device to space in it and object refrigeration or pyrogenicity, wherein the footnote sequence number is that the primitive device of odd number is a chiller, for example J among the figure ₁, J _K+1, J _K+3,, J _M-1, be heating device and the footnote sequence number is the primitive device of even number, the J among the figure for example ₂,, J _K+2, J _K+4,, J _MThe two side of chiller wherein is (for example among the figure 46,47,48 and 49), be that the evacuated composite construction thin plate in said inside is made among the embodiment with above-mentioned self cooling refrigerator, and refrigerating sheet is all inboard towards device, and carry out seal bond with the low material of thermal conductivity along the periphery of two side, and the two side of heating device wherein is (for example among the figure 50,51,52 and 53) also be to constitute, with the composite construction thin plate that constitutes the chiller sidewall, but refrigerating sheet is all towards the device outside, and also carries out seal bond along the periphery of two side with the low material of thermal conductivity.

In each chiller, the cold junction contact plate of the thermoelectric couple that placement is made with semi-conducting material, for example among the figure 54 and 55, and in each heating device, the hot junction contact plate of the thermoelectric couple that placement is made with semi-conducting material, for example among the figure 56 and 57, these contact plates are by lead (for example among the figure 58,59 and 60) outside device, be connected in series in regular turn, constitute thermopile.

By the explanation of above-mentioned embodiment to refrigerator shown in Figure 12 as can be known, space in each refrigeration primitive device and object can be lowered the temperature and be turned cold, and by the explanation of above-mentioned embodiment to hot-water bottle shown in Figure 15 as can be known, the heating that can heat up of space in each pyrogenicity primitive device and object.Because per two adjacent primitive devices all constitute a thermoelectric couple, and the cold junction of each galvanic couple is in the different temperature with the hot junction contact plate, so the two ends at the lead of cold junction that connects each galvanic couple and hot junction contact plate just can produce electromotive force, being connected in series and total electromotive force is strengthened of each galvanic couple, when closed connection of two outputs of the thermopile of using another lead (among the figure 61) to form by these thermoelectric couples again, just having electric current in the closed-loop path flows, and (can consult Chinese book " electromagnetism " to being connected electrical appliance in the loop (among the figure 62) work done, the first volume, Zhao Kaihua, the Chen Ximou work, the People's Education Publishing House, April in 1978 the 1st edition, the 248-254 page or leaf).

Though each refrigeration primitive device is to extraneous heat release, and each pyrogenicity primitive device is from external world's heat absorption, and can there be a difference in the total liberated heat and the heat of absorption, and this difference is the source that changes into the electric energy that thermopile exports.

Claims

1. the method for light-radiation refrigerating and heat build-up, it is characterized in that: make the surface and be diffuse scattering surface, and this diffuse scattering surface is the substrate plate to rigidity or the soft plate that heat radiation has high-absorbility and high emissivity, use heat radiation transparent on the diffuse scattering surface of one side again, and the material with high index of refraction is made the thin layer with the driving fit of diffuse scattering surface optical, and make the outer surface of this thin layer become optical flat, can be with the thermal radiation field that constitutes a kind of extraneous incident through hyaline layer and by the diffuse scattering surface good absorption, and diffuse scattering surface overflow the thermal radiation field of emission at the outer boundary of hyaline layer since total internal reflection and major part can not outgoing one-sided to the strong heat absorbing sheet that absorbs weak emission of heat radiation, make rigidity or the soft airtight thin slice of using again, itself and heat absorbing sheet is bonding along periphery, preset clearance among the two, and can be evacuated, to make the thermal convection current between a kind of two sides, the heat conduction is little or very little, but between the two sides to thermal-radiating transport rate according to direction different and strong and weak thin plate or the thin slice shape composite construction that does not wait, with this composite construction plate as part or all of shell wall, and by selecting freezing or Accumulated Heat Units of shell wall face towards constituting.

2. an enforcement is according to the device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the substrate plate of said heat absorbing sheet can be to infrared band with one-sided or double-sided surface, or have high-absorbility and high emissivity by the heat radiation that infrared band extends to visible waveband, and the material that self has high thermoconductivity does not for example have the aluminium sheet that copper, the brass of oxidation, aluminium bronze, the anode of the steel of photooxidation wrought iron, rough surface or coarse oxidation, fully oxidation handled, surperficial crude braid etc. and is made; Also can be with the material that self has high thermoconductivity, for example the thin plate or the thin slice of the braid of copper, aluminium, iron, steel, thin staple fibre etc. are substrate, again at its surperficial coating spary to infrared band, or extend to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-absorbility and high emissivity by infrared band, the film of graphite powder, dim, pitch, iron oxide, aluminium oxide, dark dye etc. and making for example; Though can also be that usefulness self pyroconductivity is not high, but very thin thickness and surface are also to infrared band, or extending to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-absorbility and high emissivity by infrared band, the glass flake of for example surperficial frosted hacking, surface are brushed with the ceramic sheet of pitch-dark film, thin hair beaujolais etc. and are made; Can also itself directly be to use again to infrared band, or extend to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-absorbility and high emissivity by infrared band, the film made such as graphite powder, dim, pitch, iron oxide, aluminium oxide, pitch-dark, dark dye for example is coated with to be plated in and said the transparent thin layer bottom surface of heat radiation is constituted.

3. an enforcement is according to the device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the transparent lamina on the said heat absorbing sheet is to use infrared band, or extend to the material that the heat radiation of visible waveband has high-transmission rate, high index of refraction by infrared band, for example lead telluride, cadmium telluride, germanium, silicon, selenium sulfide glass etc. are made with methods such as thermosol, hot pressing, chemical deposition, vacuum evaporation, ion bombardment, the living films of gas; Though also can be with not really high to transmissivity, the refractive index of infrared emanation, but inexpensive and be convenient to be shaped material, for example epoxy resin, organic polymer, infrared optics glue etc. are made with methods such as brushing, spray, rotate film forming, thermosol, hot pressing; Transparent lamina on the said heat absorbing sheet can be improved to the transparent lamina heap, it also is successively to make of the material of above-mentioned said making transparent lamina, and be formed by stacking, do when outer as solid material, also available the transparent liquid type material of heat radiation is made internal layer or bottom; The selection of layers of material can have different combinations, the for example outer material that successively decreases with which floor refractive index, with formation to the anti-reflection multilayer film of incident heat radiation, and bottom high-index material, perhaps skin or internal layer be with the low material of pyroconductivity, and bottom is with high-index material etc.

4. an enforcement is according to the device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: thin plate sheet or multilayer build-up lamina stack that said heat absorbing sheet can just be made with the material of transparent lamina on the above-mentioned said making heat absorbing sheet or layer heap, for thin plate sheet, optical flat should be made in the one side, and diffuse scattering surface should be made in the another side, frosted hacking face for example, for the multilayer build-up lamina stack, then be that its outer surface with bottom of high index of refraction is made diffuse scattering surface, and its another outer surface is made optical flat, and the selection of layers of material also can be piled similar with transparent lamina on the above-mentioned said heat absorbing sheet and various combination is arranged, even can be coated with infrared anti-reflection film again at the outer surface of its diffuse scattering surface.

5. an enforcement is according to the device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said airtight can be identical with thin slice with the selection and the surface texture of the substrate plate of above-mentioned said heat absorbing sheet, also can be made with the material that transparent lamina on the above-mentioned said making heat absorbing sheet or layer are piled and both side surface be the plate of optical flat.

6. an enforcement is according to the described method of claim 1 with according to claim 2, or 3, or 4, or 5 described device, it is characterized in that: said airtight bonding along periphery with thin slice and heat absorbing sheet, preset clearance among the two, and can be evacuated, to make a kind of thin plate or thin slice shape composite construction, be that the side with diffuse scattering surface of airtight thin slice is relative with the side with hyaline layer or layer heap or plane of heat absorbing sheet, if heat absorbing sheet is a side is the thin plate sheet or the multilayer build-up lamina stack of diffuse scattering surface for the another side, plane, then be that the side with diffuse scattering surface of airtight thin slice is relative with plane one side of heat absorbing sheet, if airtight thin slice is to make and two sides are optical flat with transparent material, then can its either side is relative with the side with hyaline layer or layer heap or plane of heat absorbing sheet, and between the two, reserve a gap, peripheral bonding with low Heat Conduction Material then with both, general gap wherein is evacuated or does not vacuumize again, if found time in gap wherein, then can in the gap, the usefulness of compartment of terrain embedding in advance hang down the thin parting bead that Heat Conduction Material is made, become the vacuum subspace of some difficult gas leakage with the separated of inciting somebody to action wherein, and increase the compression strength of two side; If do not found time in gap wherein, then can be in the gap embed in advance with what low Heat Conduction Material was made and have a hexagon, or rectangle, or the grid of circular mesh, the some airtight subs space that becomes thermal convection current to weaken with separated that will be wherein, said grid can also be two-layer or several layers, insert individual layer or several layers of thin spacer of using material transparent to heat radiation and that thermal conductivity is low to make betwixt again, so that the gap between airtight and the heat absorbing sheet all is separated into the airtight sub space from horizontal and vertical two directions, thereby make the basic building block-composite construction thin plate or the thin slice of apparatus of the present invention.

7. an enforcement is according to the described method of claim 1 with according to claim 2, or 3, or 4 described device, it is characterized in that: only with above-mentioned said heat absorbing sheet constitute apparatus of the present invention basic building block, and can suitably increase transparent heat absorbing sheet, or the thickness of hyaline layer or layer heap or layer heap part aspect on the heat absorbing sheet, or both selected for use heat radiation was had height or high transmittance, or and high or higher refractive index, the material that has lower thermal conductivity is again made heat absorbing sheet, or the part aspect of the hyaline layer on the heat absorbing sheet or layer heap or layer heap, little with the heat conduction of making between a kind of two sides, and between the two sides to thermal-radiating rate also different and the simplification composite construction thin plate or the thin slice that do not wait of transporting according to direction.

8. an enforcement is according to the described method of claim 1 with according to claim 6 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that: said with the composite construction plate constitute as part or all of shell wall the refrigeration or Accumulated Heat Units, can be to use the said composite construction thin plate sheet of individual layer or simplify the part or all of shell wall that the composite construction thin plate sheet constitutes said device, also can be to use bilayer or several layers of said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the part or all of shell wall that the composite construction thin plate sheet constitutes said device; When device only has the part shell wall is when making with said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplification composite construction thin plate sheet, and other shell wall preferably should select for use heat-insulating material to make; Can also be to use said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the composite construction thin plate sheet and constitute refrigeration or the heat build-up discrete device that volume differs in size respectively as part or all of shell wall, and the discrete device quilt cover that volume is little is packed in the bulky discrete device, to constitute nestable compound moldeed depth refrigeration or to force thermic devices, said this suit can be the multilayer suit.

9. one kind according to claim 6, or 7, or 8 described device, it is characterized in that: said with the composite construction plate constitute as part or all of shell wall the refrigeration or Accumulated Heat Units, be to use said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the composite construction thin plate sheet as part or all of shell wall, comprise as the planar shaped shell wall, the curved surface shaped shell wall, the sleeve pipe of elongated hollow, planar shaped or curved surface shaped metope, door to be opened/closed or window, the side is towards reversible tilt window, soft lining etc., need be and constitute to space in it or object refrigeration or pyrogenicity, perhaps nestable compound moldeed depth is freezed or is forced hot device, for example cold cup, ice chest, refrigerator, refrigerator, freezer, need the infrared acquisition instrument of refrigeration or the outer casing of equipment, the refrigeration sleeve pipe or the outer casing of high-temperature superconductive cable or instrument or equipment, Cooling clothes, the solar heat protection tent, water heater, the cooking food pot, food steamer, baking box, the molten stove of the manufacturing raw material of plastics, between industrial baking, warm wear, the winter protection tent, between temperature is transferred house, the car and boat temperature is transferred bin, need heat radiation or the electronic component of heating or the outer casing of device, need heat radiation or the mechanical organ of heating or the outer casing of device, anti-infrared is surveyed the camouflage cover, and other needs the object of refrigeration or heating, the outer cover wall in equipment or place etc.

10. one kind according to claim 6, or 7, or 8 described device, it is characterized in that: said with the composite construction plate constitute as part or all of shell wall the refrigeration or Accumulated Heat Units, can be to use said composite construction thin plate sheet or simplify the composite construction thin plate sheet and constitute refrigeration or pyrogenicity earlier as part or all of shell wall, perhaps nestable compound moldeed depth is freezed or is forced the hot radical element apparatus, again on basis to the space in the primitive device or object refrigeration or heating, the novel energy device that utilizes various known energy conversion techniques and constitute, for example thermopile, steam engine, and other thermal power transfer power source etc.