CN111623540B - Multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for building and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for building and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111623540B CN111623540B CN202010430781.3A CN202010430781A CN111623540B CN 111623540 B CN111623540 B CN 111623540B CN 202010430781 A CN202010430781 A CN 202010430781A CN 111623540 B CN111623540 B CN 111623540B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
- F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/69—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of shingles or tiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
- H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for buildings, comprising: the energy-saving type solar energy heat collector comprises a power grid, an inverter, PVT heat collector tiles, heat exchange pipelines, a roof or inclined surface, an electromagnetic three-way valve A, a heat collector water tank, a phase-change heat storage device, a heat pump evaporator, a circulating water pump, an electromagnetic three-way valve B, an air-cooled heat exchanger A, an electromagnetic three-way valve C, a compressor, an air-cooled heat exchanger B, an electromagnetic three-way valve D, a domestic water tank, a water-cooled condenser, a pipeline A, a water-water heat exchanger, a pipeline B, an electromagnetic three-way valve E, an expansion valve, an electromagnetic three-way valve F, a tile bulge part, a photovoltaic assembly, a flat plate type heat pipe, a heat preservation material, heat conduction glue, a tile plane part, a tile, a phase-change microcapsule, a metal net box body, a phase-change material and a shell. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the installation and maintenance are convenient, the building integration in the true sense is realized under the condition that the traditional tile is not damaged in the functions of shielding wind and rain and heat preservation, and the application prospect of PVT technology is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar energy utilization, and particularly relates to a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for buildings and an operation method thereof, which can effectively reduce building energy consumption.
Background
The proportion of building energy consumption to the total consumption of the social terminal energy sources in China is nearly 1/3, and the proportion can be continuously increased along with the increase of the economic level, wherein the heat and electric power consumption accounts for the vast majority of the building energy consumption. The solar energy resources in China are rich, and the solar energy utilization can effectively relieve the demands. Solar energy utilization modes commonly used in daily life are a solar water heater and photovoltaic power generation, but the technologies need a large installation area to achieve power and heat supply required by users, and have certain limitations for buildings with limited external areas. In addition, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is generally lower, the remaining solar energy which is absorbed but not converted exists in the form of heat energy, so that the temperature of the assembly is increased, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly is greatly influenced by the temperature, the power generation efficiency is reduced along with the temperature increase, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system is further reduced.
The PVT heat pump technology can effectively reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module, the power generation efficiency is higher than that of the traditional photovoltaic module, in addition, the waste heat of the photovoltaic module can effectively improve the performance of the heat pump, hot water required by life is generated or the heat pump is used for heating, and the solar energy utilization rate of a unit area of the system is improved. PVT heat pump technologies are classified into direct and indirect based on the source of the heat pump evaporator. The evaporator of the direct heat pump system directly absorbs the waste heat of the photovoltaic module, has less heat loss, high coefficient of thermal performance (COP) of the system and short heating time, and is only suitable for occasions with stable and large heat demand. The problem that the normal operation of the system is affected due to untimely hot water absorption exists in the occasions with unstable heat demands. The indirect system has high flexibility, and the heat collecting process is relatively independent of the operation of the heat pump system. The heat collecting process adopts liquid media such as water to absorb the heat of the photovoltaic module, the liquid media flows into a heat collecting water tank after being heated, and the heat pump is used for heating when the temperature of the water tank does not reach the requirement. The indirect heat pump system has longer heat collection and heating time than the direct heat pump system, can effectively avoid the problem of waste caused by excessive hot water in summer, and has stronger inclusion for the heat supply habit of users. The indirect system proposed at present has two problems, namely, the coupling mode with the building is relatively simple, and the popularization and the application on the building are limited; and secondly, as the heat collection process is carried out, the temperature of the heat exchange working medium is increased, the heat loss is increased, the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module is reduced, and the system performance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for buildings and an operation method thereof.
This kind of many heat sources indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for building includes: the energy-saving type solar energy heat collector comprises a power grid, an inverter, PVT heat collector tiles, heat exchange pipelines, a roof or inclined surface, an electromagnetic three-way valve A, a heat collector water tank, a phase-change heat storage device, a heat pump evaporator, a circulating water pump, an electromagnetic three-way valve B, an air-cooled heat exchanger A, an electromagnetic three-way valve C, a compressor, an air-cooled heat exchanger B, an electromagnetic three-way valve D, a domestic water tank, a water-cooled condenser, a pipeline A, a water-water heat exchanger, a pipeline B, an electromagnetic three-way valve E, an expansion valve, an electromagnetic three-way valve F, a tile bulge part, a photovoltaic assembly, a flat plate type heat pipe, a heat preservation material, heat conducting glue, a tile plane part, a tile, a phase-change microcapsule, a metal net box body, a phase-change material and a shell;
A plurality of PVT collector tiles form a whole and are connected into a power grid through an inverter; the PVT heat collector tile comprises a photovoltaic assembly, one or more flat heat pipes, a heat insulation material, heat conducting glue and a tile;
The tiles are placed on a roof or an inclined plane with a certain inclined angle, each single tile comprises a tile convex part and a tile plane part, and the flat-plate heat pipe is positioned between the photovoltaic module and the tile plane part; the whole backlight surface of the photovoltaic module is attached to the evaporation section of the flat plate type heat pipe through heat conducting glue; the backlight surface of the flat heat pipe is attached to the plane part of the tile through heat conducting glue; the condensing section of the flat plate heat pipe is arc-shaped and is connected with the heat exchange pipeline through heat conducting glue; the heat exchange pipeline and the part of the flat heat pipe which does not participate in heat exchange are all wrapped with heat preservation materials;
The electromagnetic three-way valve A is connected with a heat exchange pipeline, the upper part of the heat collector water tank and the pipeline A; a phase change heat storage device and a heat pump evaporator are arranged in the heat collector water tank; the pipeline A is connected with a water-water heat exchanger; the phase-change heat storage device is positioned in the heat collector water tank and at the upper part; the phase-change heat storage device consists of phase-change microcapsules and a metal net cage body, wherein the phase-change microcapsules consist of phase-change materials and shells; the phase-change microcapsule is arranged in a metal net cage body; the metal net cage body is immersed below the water surface;
the electromagnetic three-way valve B is connected with a heat exchange pipeline, a circulating water pump and a pipeline B; the circulating water pump is connected with the lower part of the water tank of the heat collector; the pipeline B is connected with a water-water heat exchanger;
the electromagnetic three-way valve C is connected with the heat pump evaporator, the air-cooled heat exchanger A and the compressor;
The electromagnetic three-way valve D is connected with the compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger B and the water-cooled condenser; the water-cooled condenser and the water-water heat exchanger are positioned in the domestic water tank;
the electromagnetic three-way valve E is connected with the expansion valve, the air-cooled heat exchanger B and the water-cooled condenser;
the electromagnetic three-way valve F is connected with the heat pump evaporator, the air-cooled heat exchanger A and the expansion valve;
The surface of the plane part of the tile is rough, and a reflective coating is added on the surface of the convex part of the tile;
the heat collector water tank and the metal net box body are box bodies which are flexibly opened and closed.
Preferably, the evaporation section of the flat plate type heat pipe covers the whole photovoltaic module.
Preferably, the metal net box body is made of stainless steel wire mesh or copper wire mesh; the melting point of the phase change material is within 50 ℃.
Preferably, the photovoltaic component is a crystalline silicon cell, a copper indium gallium selenide thin film cell, a cadmium telluride thin film cell or a perovskite thin film cell.
The operation method of the multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for the building comprises the following steps:
Step 1, under the condition of sunny or cloudy summer, the system operates PVT heat collection circulation, water-water heat exchange circulation, heat pump refrigeration circulation and heat pump heating circulation;
Step 1.1, running PVT heat collection circulation: the lower-layer water working medium of the water tank of the heat collector enters a heat exchange pipeline through a circulating water pump and exchanges heat with PVT heat collector tiles; the temperature of the photovoltaic module on the PVT heat collector tile is reduced, the power generation efficiency is increased, and the generated direct current enters a power grid through an inverter;
Step 1.2, running a water-water heat exchange cycle: the temperature of the water working medium is continuously increased along the heat exchange pipeline and enters the upper part of the water tank of the heat collector; when the temperature of the heat collector water tank reaches a set value and is higher than the temperature of the domestic water tank, the circulating water pump exchanges heat between the water of the heat collector water tank and the domestic water tank through the water-water heat exchanger;
step 1.3, running a heat pump refrigeration cycle: the refrigerant absorbs indoor air heat through an air-cooled heat exchanger B, the temperature of the air-cooled heat exchanger A is further increased by compression of a compressor after temperature rise, then the air-cooled heat exchanger A exchanges heat with the environment, the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through an expansion valve, and then the next refrigeration cycle is carried out;
Step 1.4, a period of time before a large amount of hot water is used, if the temperature of the domestic water tank does not reach a set value, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is temporarily suspended, and the heat pump heating cycle is started:
When the temperature of the heat collector water tank is higher than the ambient temperature, the heat collector water tank is used as a heat pump heat source, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the heat collector water tank through a heat pump evaporator, the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed through a compressor, then the heat is released to a domestic water tank through a water-cooled condenser, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through an expansion valve and enters the next heating cycle;
when the temperature of the water tank of the heat collector is lower than the ambient temperature, an air heat source mode is started; the refrigerant absorbs heat of ambient air through an air-cooled heat exchanger A, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed through a compressor, then the heat is released to a domestic water tank through a water-cooled condenser, and the cooled refrigerant is cooled through an expansion valve and enters the next heating cycle;
Step 2, in summer in overcast and rainy days, the PVT heat collector stops working, and the circulating water pump is closed;
2.1, operating a heat pump refrigeration cycle by a daytime system, when the temperature of a heat collector water tank is lower than the ambient temperature, adopting a heat pump evaporator as a condenser of the refrigeration cycle, absorbing heat of ambient air by a refrigerant through an air-cooled heat exchanger B, reducing the indoor temperature, further compressing and heating the refrigerant after temperature rise through a compressor, then transmitting the heat to the heat collector water tank through the heat pump evaporator, and further cooling the cooled refrigerant through an expansion valve and then performing the next refrigeration cycle;
2.2, operating the heat pump refrigeration cycle by a daytime system, and radiating by air when the temperature of the water tank of the heat collector is higher than the ambient temperature; the refrigerant absorbs heat of indoor air through an air-cooled heat exchanger B, the indoor temperature is reduced, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed and heated through a compressor, then the heat is transferred to outdoor air through an air-cooled heat exchanger A, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through an expansion valve and then subjected to the next refrigeration cycle;
2.3, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is operated by the daytime system, and is temporarily suspended and starts to perform heat pump heating cycle before a large amount of hot water is needed;
2.3.1, when the temperature of the heat collector water tank is higher than the ambient temperature, adopting the heat collector water tank as a heat pump heat source, absorbing heat of the heat collector water tank by a refrigerant through a heat pump evaporator, further compressing the refrigerant after temperature rise through a compressor, releasing the heat to a domestic water tank through a water-cooling condenser, and further cooling the cooled refrigerant through an expansion valve and then entering the next heating cycle;
2.3.2, when the temperature of the water tank of the heat collector is lower than the ambient temperature, an air heat source is started, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoor environment through the air-cooled heat exchanger A, the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed and heated through the compressor, then the heat is released to the water tank of domestic water through the water-cooled condenser, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve and then enters the next heating cycle;
step 3, the heating process in spring, autumn and winter with the environmental temperature higher than 0 ℃ is consistent with that in summer:
Step 3.1, when the temperature of the heat collector water tank is higher than the ambient temperature, the heat collector water tank is used as a heat pump heat source, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the heat collector water tank through a heat pump evaporator, the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed through a compressor, then the heat is released to a domestic water tank through a water-cooled condenser, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through an expansion valve and enters the next heating cycle;
Step 3.2, when the temperature of the water tank of the heat collector is lower than the ambient temperature, starting an air heat source mode; the refrigerant absorbs heat of ambient air through an air-cooled heat exchanger A, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed through a compressor, then the heat is released to a domestic water tank through a water-cooled condenser, and the cooled refrigerant is cooled through an expansion valve and enters the next heating cycle;
And 4, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the PVT heat collector does not operate, water in the heat exchange pipeline is emptied before the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the water in the heat exchange pipeline completely flows into a heat collector water tank, and heating is performed by adopting an air heat source mode, wherein the refrigerant absorbs heat of ambient air through an air cooling heat exchanger A, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed through a compressor, then the heat is released to a domestic water tank through a water cooling condenser, and the cooled refrigerant enters the next heating cycle after being cooled through an expansion valve.
Preferably, in the PVT heat collector tiles in step 1 to step 4, the photovoltaic module, the heat-conducting glue, the flat plate heat pipe, the heat-conducting glue and the tiles are sequentially coupled together through the heat-conducting glue to form a whole; the tile is a cement tile, a color steel tile or a ceramic tile; the tile includes a tile planar portion and a tile raised portion; the tile plane part and the tile bulge part are consistent in material, have dark colors, and have heat conductivity and heat storage property; the tile plane part of the tile is used for placing the photovoltaic module and the flat heat pipe, and the part of the tile plane part which is not covered by the photovoltaic module is used for absorbing solar energy; the tile raised portions are for reflecting incident sunlight to the photovoltaic module surface.
Preferably, when the local solar energy resource in the step 1 to the step 4 is better, the heat exchange pipeline adopts a parallel connection mode; when the solar energy resource is poor, the heat exchange pipeline adopts a serial connection mode.
Preferably, the set value of the temperature of the water tank of the heat collector in the step 1.2 is within 50 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The installation and maintenance are convenient. Under the condition that the traditional tile is not damaged in the functions of shielding wind and rain and preserving heat, the building integration in the true sense is realized, and the application prospect of PVT technology is expanded.
(2) The heat collector can effectively reduce the influence of external climate change on indoor heat load. The influence of solar radiation can be reduced in summer, and the indoor temperature increase is slowed down; the heat preservation effect of the roof is enhanced in winter, and the indoor heat loss is reduced.
(3) The PVT heat collector based on roof tiles has higher heat efficiency; the heat collector can absorb heat transferred by the roof tiles besides absorbing heat transferred by the photovoltaic modules. The tiles which are not covered by the photovoltaic module are in direct contact and absorb solar radiation, and heat of the tiles can be transferred to the heat pipe through heat conduction, so that on one hand, the temperature of the water tank of the heat collector can be increased, the energy consumption of the heat pump system is reduced, and on the other hand, the heat storage characteristic of the heat pump system can improve the stability of the system and reduce the influence caused by weather change.
(4) The PVT heat collector based on roof tiles has higher power generation capacity; after the reflective coating is added to the protruding portion of the tile, incident light of the protruding portion can be reflected to the surface of the photovoltaic module, solar radiation of the surface of the photovoltaic module is increased, and the generating capacity of the photovoltaic module is improved.
(5) The multifunctional integrated operation method can realize the triple supply of cold, heat and electricity and meet the energy supply requirement of daily life. The air heat source, the heat released by refrigeration cycle, solar energy and the like are fully utilized, and the adaptability of the system to different weather environments is improved.
(6) The phase change heat storage device is added in the heat collector water tank, the heat storage quantity is adjusted according to seasons, the temperature increasing speed of the heat collector water tank is reduced, the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module is increased, and the heat loss of working media is reduced. Meanwhile, the heat storage characteristic enhances the stability of the system and reduces the consumption of conventional energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a roof tile based PVT heat collection and heat pump system cycle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single roof tile based PVT heat collector;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a plurality of roof tile based PVT collectors after assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a phase change heat storage device;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the phase change microcapsule structure.
Reference numerals illustrate: the power grid 1, the inverter 2, the PVT heat collector tile 3, the heat exchange pipeline 4, the roof or inclined surface 5, the electromagnetic three-way valve A6, the heat collector water tank 7, the phase change heat storage device 8, the heat pump evaporator 9, the circulating water pump 10, the electromagnetic three-way valve B11, the air-cooled heat exchanger A12, the electromagnetic three-way valve C13, the compressor 14, the air-cooled heat exchanger B15, the electromagnetic three-way valve D16, the domestic water tank 17, the water-cooled condenser 18, the pipeline A19, the water-water heat exchanger 20, the pipeline B21, the electromagnetic three-way valve E22, the expansion valve 23, the electromagnetic three-way valve F24, the tile bulge 25, the photovoltaic module 26, the flat plate heat pipe 27, the heat insulation material 28, the heat conduction glue 29, the tile plane part 30, the tile 31, the phase change microcapsule 32, the metal net box 33, the phase change material 34 and the shell 35.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are presented only to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The invention provides a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for buildings and an operation method thereof, and the system realizes the integration of photovoltaic photo-thermal buildings in a true sense. The photoelectric efficiency and the photo-thermal efficiency of the system are improved by utilizing the heat storage property and the light reflection property of the tiles. The heat collector water tank, the phase-change heat storage device, refrigeration cycle heat release and air heat source are fully utilized, and the stability of the system and the adaptability to different weather are improved. PVT heat collector and heat pump based on roof tile can realize cold, heat and electricity trigeminy supplies, satisfies the daily energy supply demand of building.
This kind of many heat sources indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for building includes: the power grid 1, the inverter 2, the PVT heat collector tile 3, the heat exchange pipeline 4, the roof or inclined surface 5, the electromagnetic three-way valve A6, the heat collector water tank 7, the phase change heat storage device 8, the heat pump evaporator 9, the circulating water pump 10, the electromagnetic three-way valve B11, the air-cooled heat exchanger A12, the electromagnetic three-way valve C13, the compressor 14, the air-cooled heat exchanger B15, the electromagnetic three-way valve D16, the domestic water tank 17, the water-cooled condenser 18, the pipeline A19, the water-water heat exchanger 20, the pipeline B21, the electromagnetic three-way valve E22, the expansion valve 23, the electromagnetic three-way valve F24, the tile bulge 25, the photovoltaic module 26, the flat plate heat pipe 27, the heat insulation material 28, the heat conduction glue 29, the tile plane part 30, the tile 31, the phase change microcapsule 32, the metal net box 33, the phase change material 34 and the shell 35;
a plurality of PVT collector tiles 3 form a whole and are connected into the power grid 1 through the inverter 2; the PVT heat collector tile 3 comprises a photovoltaic module 26, one or more flat heat pipes 27, a heat insulating material 28, heat conducting glue 29 and a tile 31; the planar portion 30 is used for placing the photovoltaic module 26, and the portion not covered by the photovoltaic module 26 is used for absorbing solar energy; the tile convex parts 25 can reflect incident sunlight to the surface of the photovoltaic module 26, so that the incident light intensity of the surface of the photovoltaic module 26 is improved, and the generated energy is improved; the unreflected sunlight is absorbed and converted into heat energy;
The tile 31 is placed on a roof or inclined surface 5 having an inclination angle, and a plurality of PVT collector tiles 3 are formed as a whole. The single PVT heat collector tile 3 comprises a plurality of components, and the photovoltaic module 26, the heat conducting glue 29, the flat plate type heat pipe 27, the heat conducting glue 29 and the tile 31 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the heat conducting glue 29 couples the tile, the photovoltaic module and the flat plate type heat pipe into a whole; a single tile 31 includes a tile raised portion 25 and a tile planar portion 30, the flat plate heat pipe 27 being located between the photovoltaic module 26 and the tile planar portion 30; the whole backlight surface of the photovoltaic module 26 is attached to the evaporation section of the flat plate type heat pipe 27 through heat conducting glue 29; the evaporation section of the flat plate heat pipe 27 is used for absorbing heat of the photovoltaic module 26 and the tile 31; the backlight surface of the flat heat pipe 27 is attached to the tile plane part 30 through the heat conducting adhesive 29; the condensing section of the flat plate heat pipe 27 is arc-shaped, and the condensing section of the flat plate heat pipe 27 is connected with the heat exchange pipeline 4 through the heat conducting glue 29; the heat exchange pipeline 4 and the part of the flat heat pipe 27 which does not participate in heat exchange are fully wrapped with the heat preservation material 28, so that heat loss is reduced;
The roof tile planar portion 30 and the tile raised portion 25 are made of the same material, have a dark color, and have certain heat conductivity and heat storage property; the surface of the tile plane part 30 has certain roughness, so that the reflection of sunlight is reduced; the surface of the tile convex part 25 is added with a reflecting coating to enhance the reflection of sunlight, and the unreflected sunlight is absorbed and converted into heat energy and then transferred to the flat plate type heat pipe 27 through heat conduction;
The heat exchange pipeline 4 selects a pipeline form according to the local solar energy resource and the system scale. The solar energy resource is better, and the parallel connection mode is adopted when the system scale is larger; the solar energy resources are generally in a serial connection mode;
The electromagnetic three-way valve A6 is connected with the heat exchange pipeline 4, the upper part of the heat collector water tank 7 and the pipeline A19; a phase change heat storage device 8 and a heat pump evaporator 9 are arranged in the heat collector water tank 7; the pipeline A19 is connected with a water-water heat exchanger 20; the phase-change heat storage device 8 is positioned inside the heat collector water tank 7 and at the upper part; the phase-change heat storage device 8 consists of phase-change microcapsules 32 and a metal net cage body 33, wherein the phase-change microcapsules 32 consist of phase-change materials 34 and a shell 35; the phase-change microcapsule 32 is arranged in a metal net cage 33; the metal net cage 33 is immersed below the water surface;
The electromagnetic three-way valve B11 is connected with the heat exchange pipeline 4, the circulating water pump 10 and the pipeline B21; the circulating water pump 10 is connected with the lower part of the heat collector water tank 7; the pipeline B21 is connected to the water-water heat exchanger 20;
The electromagnetic three-way valve C13 is connected with the heat pump evaporator 9, the air-cooled heat exchanger A12 and the compressor 14;
The electromagnetic three-way valve D16 is connected with the compressor 14, the air-cooled heat exchanger B15 and the water-cooled condenser 18; the water-cooled condenser 18 and the water-water heat exchanger 20 are positioned in the domestic water tank 17;
the electromagnetic three-way valve E22 is connected with the expansion valve 23, the air-cooled heat exchanger B15 and the water-cooled condenser 18;
the electromagnetic three-way valve F24 is connected with the heat pump evaporator 9, the air-cooled heat exchanger A12 and the expansion valve 23;
The surface of the tile plane part 30 is rough, and the surface of the tile convex part 25 is added with a reflective coating;
the collector tank 7 and the metal net tank 33 are flexible opening and closing tanks.
The evaporation section of the flat plate heat pipe 27 covers the whole photovoltaic module 26.
The metal net box body 33 is made of stainless steel wire mesh or copper wire mesh; the melting point of the phase change material 34 is within 50 ℃; the amount of phase change microcapsules 32 added is season dependent and the amount added in summer is higher than in winter.
This phase change heat storage device 8 has 3 advantages: (a) The phase change microcapsule is positioned on the upper layer of the water tank, and directly exchanges heat with water with higher outlet temperature of the heat exchange pipeline 4, so that the liquid-solid temperature difference is large, and the improvement of heat exchange efficiency is facilitated. (b) The fluctuation of the water surface of the water tank is large, and the disturbance is helpful to destroy the boundary layer on the surface of the phase-change microcapsule and improve the convective heat transfer coefficient. (c) The phase change microcapsule has large specific surface area and increased liquid-solid heat exchange area.
The photovoltaic module 26 may be a conventional crystalline silicon cell, or a thin film cell such as copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, perovskite, etc. The photovoltaic cell with the tile size can alleviate the problem of reduced power generation performance of the cell caused by uneven heat exchange of the heat exchanger.
In sunny or cloudy summer conditions, the system will run four cycles: PVT heat collection cycle, water-water heat exchange cycle, heat pump refrigeration cycle and heat pump refrigeration cycle.
PVT thermal-arrest cycle: the lower-layer water working medium of the heat collector water tank 7 enters the heat exchange pipeline 4 through the circulating pump 10 and exchanges heat with the PVT heat collector tiles 3. The temperature of the photovoltaic module 26 is reduced, the power generation efficiency is increased, and the generated direct current enters the power grid 1 through the inverter 2. The water working medium continuously increases along the tube side temperature and enters from the upper part of the heat collector water tank 7. After the temperature of the heat collector tank 7 reaches a set value (generally within 50 ℃) and is higher than the temperature of the domestic water tank 17, the circulating water pump 10 exchanges heat between the water of the heat collector tank 7 and the domestic water tank 17 through the water-water heat exchanger 20. The heat pump refrigeration cycle may be operated simultaneously while the PVT heat collection cycle and the water-water heat exchange cycle are performed.
Heat pump refrigeration cycle: the refrigerant absorbs indoor air heat through the air-cooled heat exchanger B15, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed and heated through the compressor 14, then exchanges heat with the environment through the air-cooled heat exchanger A12, the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve 23, and then the next refrigeration cycle is performed. If the temperature of the domestic water tank 17 does not reach the set value, the refrigeration cycle is temporarily suspended and the heat pump heating cycle is started, for a while before a large amount of hot water is used. When the temperature of the heat collector water tank 7 is higher than the ambient temperature, the heat collector water tank 7 is firstly adopted as a heat pump heat source, the refrigerant absorbs and collects the heat of the heat collector water tank 7 through the heat pump evaporator 9, the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed through the compressor 14, then the heat is released to the domestic water tank 17 through the water-cooled condenser 18, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the throttle valve 23 to enter the next heating cycle. When the collector tank 7 temperature is below ambient temperature, the air heat source mode is started. The refrigerant absorbs the heat of the ambient air through the air-cooled heat exchanger A12, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed through the compressor 14, then the heat is released to the domestic water tank 17 through the water-cooled condenser 18, and the cooled refrigerant is cooled through the throttle valve 23 and enters the next heating cycle.
In summer in rainy days, the PVT collector stops working, and the circulating water pump 10 is turned off. The system operates the heat pump refrigeration cycle in daytime, and reduces the indoor temperature. When the temperature of the heat collector water tank 7 is lower than the ambient temperature, the heat pump evaporator 9 is adopted as a condenser of the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of indoor air through the air-cooled heat exchanger A12, the indoor temperature is reduced, the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed and heated through the compressor 14, then the heat is transferred to the heat collector water tank through the heat pump evaporator 9, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve 23 and then subjected to the next refrigeration cycle. When the temperature of the collector tank 7 is higher than the ambient temperature, air is used for heat dissipation. The refrigerant absorbs heat of indoor air through the air-cooled heat exchanger B15, the indoor temperature is reduced, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed and heated through the compressor 14, then the heat is transferred to outdoor air through the air-cooled heat exchanger A12, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve 23 and then subjected to the next refrigeration cycle. The heat pump refrigeration cycle is temporarily suspended and the heat pump heating cycle is started at the same time, a while a large amount of hot water is required. When the temperature of the heat collector water tank 7 is higher than the ambient temperature, the heat collector water tank 7 is used as a heat pump heat source, the refrigerant absorbs and collects the heat of the heat collector water tank 7 through the heat pump evaporator 9, the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed through the compressor 14, then the heat is released to the domestic water tank 17 through the water-cooled condenser 18, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the throttle valve 23 and enters the next heating cycle. When the temperature of the heat collector water tank is lower than the ambient temperature, an air heat source is started to be started, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoor environment through the air-cooled heat exchanger A12, the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed and heated through the compressor 14, then the heat is released to the domestic water tank 17 through the water-cooled condenser 18, and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the throttle valve 23 and enters the next heating cycle.
The spring, autumn and winter with the environmental temperature higher than 0 ℃ mainly have the requirement for hot water, and the requirement for refrigeration is less, so the operation is the same as the summer operation mode except that the refrigeration process is not used.
When the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the PVT heat collector does not operate, and the water in the heat exchange pipeline 4 needs to be emptied before the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and flows into the water tank of the heat collector completely. The heating mode adopts an air heat source mode, and the generated hot water is used for domestic water on one hand and floor heating on the other hand.
Claims (6)
1. A method of operating a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system suitable for use in a building, comprising the steps of:
Step 1, under the condition of sunny or cloudy summer, the system operates PVT heat collection circulation, water-water heat exchange circulation, heat pump refrigeration circulation and heat pump heating circulation;
step 1.1, running PVT heat collection circulation: the lower-layer water working medium of the heat collector water tank (7) enters the heat exchange pipeline (4) through the circulating water pump (10) and exchanges heat with the PVT heat collector tiles (3); the temperature of a photovoltaic module (26) on the PVT heat collector tile (3) is reduced, the power generation efficiency is increased, and the generated direct current enters the power grid (1) through the inverter (2);
Step 1.2, running a water-water heat exchange cycle: the temperature of the water working medium is continuously increased along the heat exchange pipeline (4) and enters the upper part of the water tank (7) of the heat collector; when the temperature of the heat collector water tank (7) reaches a set value and is higher than the temperature of the domestic water tank (17), the circulating water pump (10) exchanges heat between the water of the heat collector water tank (7) and the domestic water tank (17) through the water-water heat exchanger (20);
Step 1.3, running a heat pump refrigeration cycle: the refrigerant absorbs indoor air heat through an air-cooled heat exchanger B (15), the temperature of the air-cooled heat exchanger A (12) exchanges heat with the environment after the temperature of the air-cooled heat exchanger B is raised, the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through an expansion valve (23), and then the next refrigeration cycle is performed;
step 1.4, a period of time before a large amount of hot water is used, if the temperature of the domestic water tank (17) does not reach a set value, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is temporarily stopped, and the heat pump heating cycle is started:
When the temperature of the heat collector water tank (7) is higher than the ambient temperature, the heat collector water tank (7) is used as a heat pump heat source, the refrigerant absorbs and collects the heat of the heat collector water tank (7) through the heat pump evaporator (9), the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed through the compressor (14), then the heat is released to the domestic water tank (17) through the water-cooling condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve (23) and enters the next heating cycle;
When the temperature of the heat collector water tank (7) is lower than the ambient temperature, an air heat source mode is started; the refrigerant absorbs heat of ambient air through an air-cooled heat exchanger A (12), the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed through a compressor (14), then the heat is released to a domestic water tank (17) through a water-cooled condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant is cooled through an expansion valve (23) and enters the next heating cycle;
Step 2, in summer in overcast and rainy days, the PVT heat collector stops working, and the circulating water pump (10) is closed;
2.1, operating a heat pump refrigeration cycle in a daytime system, when the temperature of a heat collector water tank (7) is lower than the ambient temperature, adopting a heat pump evaporator (9) as a condenser of the refrigeration cycle, absorbing heat of ambient air by a refrigerant through an air-cooled heat exchanger B (15), reducing the indoor temperature, further compressing and heating the refrigerant after temperature rise through a compressor (14), then transmitting the heat to the heat collector water tank (7) through the heat pump evaporator (9), and further cooling the cooled refrigerant through an expansion valve (23) and then performing the next refrigeration cycle;
2.2, operating a heat pump refrigeration cycle by a daytime system, and radiating by air when the temperature of a water tank (7) of the heat collector is higher than the ambient temperature; the refrigerant absorbs the heat of indoor air through an air-cooled heat exchanger B (15), the indoor temperature is reduced, the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed and heated through a compressor (14), then the heat is transferred to outdoor air through an air-cooled heat exchanger A (12), and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through an expansion valve (23) and then subjected to the next refrigeration cycle;
2.3, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is operated by the daytime system, and is temporarily suspended and starts to perform heat pump heating cycle before a large amount of hot water is needed;
2.3.1, when the temperature of the heat collector water tank (7) is higher than the ambient temperature, the heat collector water tank (7) is used as a heat pump heat source, the refrigerant absorbs and collects the heat of the heat collector water tank (7) through the heat pump evaporator (9), the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed through the compressor (14), the heat is released to the domestic water tank (17) through the water-cooling condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve (23) and enters the next heating cycle;
2.3.2, when the temperature of the heat collector water tank (7) is lower than the ambient temperature, an air heat source is started, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoor environment through the air-cooled heat exchanger A (12), the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed and heated through the compressor (14), then the heat is released to the domestic water tank (17) through the water-cooled condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve (23) and enters the next heating cycle;
step 3, the heating process in spring, autumn and winter with the environmental temperature higher than 0 ℃ is consistent with that in summer:
When the temperature of the heat collector water tank (7) is higher than the ambient temperature, the heat collector water tank (7) is used as a heat pump heat source, the refrigerant absorbs and collects the heat of the heat collector water tank (7) through the heat pump evaporator (9), the refrigerant with the temperature being increased is further compressed through the compressor (14), then the heat is released to the domestic water tank (17) through the water-cooling condenser (18), the cooled refrigerant is further cooled through the expansion valve (23), and the next heating cycle is carried out;
Step 3.2, when the temperature of the heat collector water tank (7) is lower than the ambient temperature, starting an air heat source mode; the refrigerant absorbs heat of ambient air through an air-cooled heat exchanger A (12), the refrigerant with the temperature increased is further compressed through a compressor (14), then the heat is released to a domestic water tank (17) through a water-cooled condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant is cooled through an expansion valve (23) and enters the next heating cycle;
and 4, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the PVT heat collector does not operate, water in the heat exchange pipeline (4) is emptied before the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the water in the heat exchange pipeline (4) completely flows into the heat collector water tank (7), heating is performed by adopting an air heat source mode, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of ambient air through the air-cooled heat exchanger A (12), the refrigerant with the increased temperature is further compressed by the compressor (14), then the heat is released to the domestic water tank (17) through the water-cooled condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant enters the next heating cycle after being cooled by the expansion valve (23).
2. A system for operating a method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: the energy-saving type solar energy heat collector comprises a power grid (1), an inverter (2), PVT (PVT) heat collector tiles (3), a heat exchange pipeline (4), a roof or inclined plane (5), an electromagnetic three-way valve A (6), a heat collector water tank (7), a phase-change heat storage device (8), a heat pump evaporator (9), a circulating water pump (10), an electromagnetic three-way valve B (11), an air-cooled heat exchanger A (12), an electromagnetic three-way valve C (13), a compressor (14), an air-cooled heat exchanger B (15), an electromagnetic three-way valve D (16), a domestic water tank (17), a water-cooled condenser (18), a pipeline A (19), a water-water heat exchanger (20), a pipeline B (21), an electromagnetic three-way valve E (22), an expansion valve (23), an electromagnetic three-way valve F (24), a tile bulge part (25), a photovoltaic module (26), a flat plate heat pipe (27), a heat insulation material (28), a heat conducting adhesive (29), a tile plane part (30), a tile (31), a phase-change microcapsule (32), a metal net box (33), a phase-change material (34) and a shell (35);
a plurality of PVT collector tiles (3) form a whole and are connected into a power grid (1) through an inverter (2); the PVT heat collector tile (3) comprises a photovoltaic module (26), one or more flat plate type heat pipes (27), a heat insulation material (28), heat conduction glue (29) and a tile (31);
The tiles (31) are placed on a roof or inclined surface (5) with a certain inclination angle, the single tiles (31) comprise tile convex parts (25) and tile plane parts (30), and the flat plate type heat pipes (27) are positioned between the photovoltaic modules (26) and the tile plane parts (30); the whole backlight surface of the photovoltaic module (26) is attached to the evaporation section of the flat plate type heat pipe (27) through heat conducting glue (29); the backlight surface of the flat heat pipe (27) is attached to the tile plane part (30) through heat conducting glue (29); the condensing section of the flat plate heat pipe (27) is arc-shaped, and the condensing section of the flat plate heat pipe (27) is connected with the heat exchange pipeline (4) through heat conducting glue (29); the heat exchange pipeline (4) and the part of the flat heat pipe (27) which does not participate in heat exchange are all wrapped with heat preservation materials (28);
The electromagnetic three-way valve A (6) is connected with the heat exchange pipeline (4), the upper part of the heat collector water tank (7) and the pipeline A (19); a phase change heat storage device (8) and a heat pump evaporator (9) are arranged in the heat collector water tank (7); the pipeline A (19) is connected with a water-water heat exchanger (20); the phase-change heat storage device (8) is positioned in the heat collector water tank (7) and at the upper part; the phase-change heat storage device (8) consists of phase-change microcapsules (32) and a metal net box body (33), wherein the phase-change microcapsules (32) consist of phase-change materials (34) and a shell (35); the phase-change microcapsule (32) is arranged in a metal net box body (33); the metal net box body (33) is immersed below the water surface;
The electromagnetic three-way valve B (11) is connected with the heat exchange pipeline (4), the circulating water pump (10) and the pipeline B (21); the circulating water pump (10) is connected with the lower part of the heat collector water tank (7); the pipeline B (21) is connected with a water-water heat exchanger (20);
the electromagnetic three-way valve C (13) is connected with the heat pump evaporator (9), the air-cooled heat exchanger A (12) and the compressor (14);
The electromagnetic three-way valve D (16) is connected with the compressor (14), the air-cooled heat exchanger B (15) and the water-cooled condenser (18); the water-cooled condenser (18) and the water-water heat exchanger (20) are positioned in the domestic water tank (17);
The electromagnetic three-way valve E (22) is connected with the expansion valve (23), the air-cooled heat exchanger B (15) and the water-cooled condenser (18);
the electromagnetic three-way valve F (24) is connected with the heat pump evaporator (9), the air-cooled heat exchanger A (12) and the expansion valve (23);
The surface of the tile plane part (30) is rough, and a reflective coating is added on the surface of the tile convex part (25);
the heat collector water tank (7) and the metal net box body (33) are box bodies which are flexibly opened and closed;
the evaporation section of the flat plate type heat pipe (27) covers the whole photovoltaic module (26);
The metal net box body (33) is made of stainless steel wire mesh or copper wire mesh; the melting point of the phase change material (34) is within 50 ℃.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein: the photovoltaic module (26) is a crystalline silicon cell, a copper indium gallium selenide thin film cell, a cadmium telluride thin film cell or a perovskite thin film cell.
4. A method of operating a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system for a building according to claim 1, wherein: in the PVT heat collector tiles (3) in the steps 1 to 4, the photovoltaic module (26), the heat conducting glue (29), the flat plate type heat pipe (27), the heat conducting glue (29) and the tiles (31) are sequentially coupled through the heat conducting glue (29) to form a whole; the tile (31) is a cement tile, a color steel tile or a ceramic tile; the tile (31) comprises a tile planar portion (30) and a tile raised portion (25); the tile plane part (30) and the tile bulge part (25) are made of the same material, are dark, and have heat conductivity and heat storage; the tile plane part (30) of the tile (31) is used for placing the photovoltaic module (26) and the flat heat pipe (27), and the part of the tile plane part (30) which is not covered by the photovoltaic module (26) is used for absorbing solar energy; the tile raised portions (25) are used to reflect incident sunlight to the surface of the photovoltaic module (26).
5. A method of operating a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system for a building according to claim 1, wherein: when the local solar energy resources in the steps 1 to 4 are better, the heat exchange pipeline (4) adopts a parallel connection mode; when the solar energy resource is poor, the heat exchange pipeline (4) adopts a series connection mode.
6. A method of operating a multi-heat source indirect PVT heat pump system for a building according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the water tank (7) of the heat collector in the step 1.2 is set to be within 50 ℃.
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| CN112542852B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2024-04-02 | 浙江大学 | Thermoelectric power supply and storage integrated device suitable for remote areas |
| CN112688592B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-12-17 | 四川大学 | Uninterrupted photovoltaic power generation system used in high day and night temperature difference environment |
| CN112728765B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-11-30 | 青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司 | Air source heat pump unit |
| CN113103841B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Double-heat-source heat pump system suitable for electric automobile and operation method thereof |
| CN113686048B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2024-05-07 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Direct expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for city and operation method thereof |
| CN219415027U (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-07-25 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Multi-split air conditioning system and multi-split air conditioner |
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