WO2017067023A1 - 一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法 - Google Patents

一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2017067023A1
WO2017067023A1 PCT/CN2015/093807 CN2015093807W WO2017067023A1 WO 2017067023 A1 WO2017067023 A1 WO 2017067023A1 CN 2015093807 W CN2015093807 W CN 2015093807W WO 2017067023 A1 WO2017067023 A1 WO 2017067023A1
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color
block
test
test paper
body fluid
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PCT/CN2015/093807
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谈宇清
汪杰
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深圳市宝凯仑生物科技有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/8483—Investigating reagent band

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  • the invention belongs to the improvement of body fluids, especially urine detection technology, and in particular relates to a method for detecting body fluids based on special test papers.
  • test strips that judge the test results according to the color change are a kind of rapid detection tool which is widely used, and can be used for the detection of conventional physical and chemical indicators and the detection of biochemical indicators.
  • Technical principles include, but are not limited to, dry chemistry, immunochromatography (based on colored latex particles), chemiluminescence, and the like.
  • the tester can judge and obtain the test result according to the color change of one or more test blocks on the test strip and the sample to be tested.
  • the user can perform qualitative test by visual alignment, and can judge whether the test results on the test strip are negative or positive; semi-quantitative or quantitative analysis can also be performed by means of special instruments, and the quantitative detection is given by the instrument item by item. Results and summary reports.
  • test sample for the test starts with urine. After the method is mature, the machine will gradually expand to saliva, blood, secretions and so on.
  • most common testing tools for the testing of urine routine items by the majority of medical institutions are dry chemical analysis test strips (11 urine routines), and the method used is colorimetry. It can be artificial eye colorimetric, or it can be scanned by a professional instrument (urine analyzer) to read the test results.
  • the status of traditional test strips The above-mentioned traditional test strips rely either on the naked eye of a professional or in a closed test environment for a particular instrument. If the camera directly applied to the mobile phone scans or photographs the above-mentioned conventional test strip in an open environment, there are problems such as inaccuracy, unreliability, and the like.
  • test strip Another new type of test strip: China Patent 201410158121.9 "A new type of test strip and its preparation and application” discloses a new type of test strip suitable for smart phone for shooting detection and its preparation method, but it does not solve the problem How can high-accuracy (qualitative accuracy >95% or even >99%) test results be achieved when the test strips are tested under open and natural light conditions, and there is no possibility that the test paper may appear after soaking in the sample. The method of how to correct the influence of the stain, the noise, or the edge mottled color on the detection result is inevitably led to the lack of practicality.
  • test strips are inconvenient to use and error-prone.
  • the existing test strip separates the standard colorimetric plate from the test strip. After the test is completed, the user needs to find a standard colorimetric plate for color-by-color block comparison, which is prone to accidental and human operational errors;
  • This patent combines the standard colorimetric block and the test strip to form a reasonable colorimetric correspondence, without the need for the user to find a dedicated colorimetric plate for item-by-item comparison.
  • test strips are classified and difficult to identify. Different testing items (such as urine routine testing, points Sediment detection, saliva detection, etc.) require different test strips, which correspond to different standard color cards and color block combinations, which need to be manually identified by the manual, which is difficult to be automatically determined by the machine.
  • Different testing items such as urine routine testing, points Sediment detection, saliva detection, etc.
  • the patent has previously made an open classification code for each detection combination, and a barcode is placed at one end of the test strip to record the code of the test strip.
  • the tester can use the special instrument or use the special application installed on the smart phone to read the test strip code while scanning and reading the test result, so as to automatically know the test item and the color chart of the test strip. Combination order.
  • Accuracy is susceptible to light. If the existing test strips are photographed and scanned and recognized by the mobile phone, they are easily affected by the surrounding illumination environment (such as the intensity of the light and the color change of the light source), resulting in chromatic aberration, which affects the accuracy of the detection results.
  • the standard contrast color block is fixed at the contrast position of the test strip, which can eliminate errors caused by environmental factors such as illumination, and greatly improve the detection accuracy in an open environment;
  • the new test strips proposed by the present invention can be detected by means of a smart phone.
  • the user only needs to install the application software by using the smart phone, and scan and analyze the contrast value of each color block in the new test strip of the present invention and the standard color block through the camera scan of the smart phone, so that multiple items and multiple items can be performed. Fast, accurate semi-quantitative or quantitative detection of individual indicators.
  • Vulnerable to peripheral interference reducing accuracy.
  • the existing test strips often have problems such as uneven color and inconsistent color after the same color block is detected. May be caused by the influence of the surrounding test strips or other impurities. If using a computer Automatic identification, it is easy to produce errors, resulting in inaccurate detection results, reducing the accuracy of the detection method.
  • the present invention is achieved by a method for detecting body fluid based on a dedicated test paper, the method comprising the following steps:
  • test indicators and results corresponding to different test items are expressed by text or icon and the test results of the sample are given.
  • step C1 further includes the following steps:
  • the picture taken in the preview box is resized along the preview frame
  • step C2 further includes the following steps:
  • step C3 further includes the following steps:
  • the color of the detected color block is identified by comparing the detected color block with a known standard color to obtain a similarity.
  • the standard color zones are two.
  • step b According to the judgment mark of step b, the cut graph coordinates are obtained to realize the cut graph.
  • the test strip includes a test paper body, and the left upper corner, the lower right corner, and the upper right corner of the test paper body are respectively divided into a positioning block region, and the front test paper body is divided in the lower right corner and the upper right corner.
  • the barcode area is divided into a detection block area from the left side of the barcode area to the upper left side of the test paper body, and the two sides of the detection block area are divided into standard color areas.
  • the positioning block area is a rectangular block.
  • the smart device is a smart phone or a tablet computer or other smart terminal with at least one camera lens.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the rapid detection of body fluid by using the smart phone proposed by the invention allows us to complete the test without leaving the home, understand our physical condition, and does not need extra expensive instruments, which is convenient, quick, and saves time and money. It also helps our personal privacy to be better protected; it can do a health checkup for multiple diseases, or it can be used for home monitoring to track general health.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting body fluid based on a dedicated test paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for detecting body fluid based on a dedicated test paper provided by the present invention, which is detailed as follows:
  • step S1 the body fluid of the person to be inspected is collected and immersed in the body fluid by using a special test test paper; the user only needs to collect the body fluid of the person to be inspected, and use the supporting test strip to dip Into the body fluid.
  • step S2 the test paper is placed on the inspection station to take photos by using the smart device within a predetermined time; the test strip entering the body fluid is placed on the inspection platform, and the test strip is photographed by using the smart device within a prescribed time, wherein the test paper is specified Time refers to the time when the normal body fluid test test paper is taken out during body fluid removal.
  • the smart device used is a smart phone, a tablet computer or a device with camera function and freely installed application software.
  • Step S3 analyzing the photographed image by using the smart device; then analyzing the obtained graphic by using an application software (APP) of the mobile phone or other mobile terminal, and the substance to be detected in the human body fluid reacts with the urine test strip to generate a color.
  • APP application software
  • Changes, different concentrations of substances, the test paper will display different colors, use the mobile phone APP for color analysis and identification, to confirm the scope of the substance content in the body fluid, APP makes a positive judgment based on the pre-set test criteria.
  • the principle of chemical reaction color development is based on the principle of dry chemical reaction.
  • the substance to be detected in the body fluid will react with the reagent in the test paper. There are many color blocks in the test strip, and only the color blocks can be accurately cut out for color contrast analysis and recognition.
  • the overall process is divided into three steps: (1) cutting out the test strip from the photographed picture; (2) cutting out the small color block from the cut test strip; (3) analyzing the standard color block by comparison And detecting the color block, the color of the block is detected.
  • the APP takes a picture, it gets a whole picture. Firstly, the picture taken in the preview box is resized along the preview frame, and then the coordinates of the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the test strip are found through the corner positioning block. Cut out the test strip in the figure. According to the physical size ratio of the test strip, two standard color areas and one detection block area are separated, and the scale ratio of the standard block is used to identify the left and right boundaries of the standard block, and then the standard color block is cut out.
  • cut graph (push map) is to shift the single-column (or row) pixel point set (referred to as the shift column) from left to right (or from top to bottom), and constantly compare the shift column (or row) with a certain range from it.
  • the set of single-column pixel points in the analysis analyzes and compares the RGB statistics of adjacent pixel points to determine whether there is a significant difference. If the number of rows of certain pixels shows a significant difference, the place where the significant difference begins to appear is the patch boundary. , get the coordinates and implement the cut graph. This principle can be used alone or in combination with the size ratio.
  • the principle of APP color analysis and recognition is: according to the same color block on the RGB and other data, the statistical analysis compares the RGB data of the detected color block and several pixel points of the corresponding standard color block to obtain the similarity between the color blocks. The closer the color is, the closer the color is. By comparing the detected color patches with the known standard colors, the similarity is obtained, and the color of the detected color patches is identified.
  • the principle of the push graph is to shift the single-column or row pixel point set from left to right or from top to bottom, and continuously compare the shift column or row with a single column of pixel points within a certain range, and analyze and compare adjacent ones.
  • the RGB statistical data of the pixel point column determines whether there is a significant difference. If a certain pixel point number comparison shows a significant difference, the place where the significant difference begins to appear is the color block boundary, and the coordinates are obtained to realize the cut image.
  • the parameters of the non-conforming pixel point column can be adjusted.
  • the cut image is implemented.
  • the push graph principle can be continuously used to recognize the boundary between multiple colors in the image and realize the cut graph.
  • step S4 the detection indexes and results corresponding to different detection items are expressed in the form of words or graphs, and the detection results of the samples are given.
  • the test paper of the invention has three corner positioning blocks at three corners (see three rectangular small blocks at the corners of the above figure, the number of positioning blocks can be determined according to actual needs), which can assist the user. Photographing can assist the detection application in the mobile terminal such as a smart phone to realize the positioning of the test strip in the image and the identification of the test strip boundary.
  • the role of the barcode a barcode is printed on one end of the test strip of the present invention.
  • the bar code information includes the model number of the test paper product, the anti-counterfeiting check code, and the like, and can also be matched with the user interface of the mobile phone application, prompting the user to correctly position the test strip at the time of detection.
  • Thumbnail After obtaining a clear picture, according to the pixel size of the picture, the test strip is automatically adjusted by zooming to match the target pixel value, and the position of the test strip image in the entire picture is adjusted.
  • Noise correction After the application confirms the position and actual color of the standard patches one by one, all the detection blocks are cut one by one. Since the detection block may have color unevenness after detection, such as chromatic aberration between the middle portion and the edge portion, and the presence of variegated dots.
  • the correction method is to extract, summarize and statistically analyze the position and RGB values of all the pixels in the detection block, exclude the peripheral chromatic aberration portion, and ignore the intermediate impurity points with small proportion, to determine the mainstream color value of the middle portion of the color block. Legal pixel statistics for this color block in this test The area is further involved in the color comparison of the standard patches, and the detected value of the detection item corresponding to the detected patch is obtained.
  • the color of the color block may appear uneven, such as the appearance of stains, noise, or edge mottle. There are many reasons for the uneven color. For example, the immersion time of the test paper in the sample is too long or too short. Poor quality of the test paper itself results in different degrees of reaction of different sites of the same color block, and a certain color block is affected by the peripheral color block.
  • a large number of comparative experiments can be used to confirm a reasonable test paper soaking time and prompt the user on the application software.
  • the quality risk of uneven coloration of test papers that may exist is eliminated by technical means. Auto-cutting may be affected by the surrounding edge of the patch, and by sampling analysis, it is forcibly excluded. If it is confirmed that there is a problem with the camera itself, such as a focus error, the lens is not clean, etc., the software can not correct the problem, the APP gives a warning, announcing that the test result is invalid.
  • Urine test process 1, use the urine cup to fill the middle section of urine, pour into the test tube, to the mark; 2, put the test strip into the test tube, soak for 2 seconds; 3, remove the test strip, dry the residual urine, Place the test strip on the urine test board of the test bench; 4. Place the test strip and the urine test plate together on the convex cover of the product cover. Ensure that the light (white light, non-direct sunlight) is sufficient and uniform; the urine test board is placed directly under the light source (Note: 1 minute after the test strip is taken out, the photograph is taken within 2 minutes); 5. Ensure that there is no shadow on the test strip.
  • the ratio exceeds a certain ratio, the analysis requirements are met. After the verification is passed, all the detection blocks must be verified and passed. The next step of analysis. If the verification is not passed, let the user continue the test according to the given prompt.
  • the APP analyzes whether the block has a large block that affects the judgment of the result. This part belongs to the verification analysis function of the APP. (4). Using the unique design of the test strip, the correctness of the block is verified. Specifically, it is judged whether the two corresponding numbered standard patches at a specific position meet the expected characteristics, and the obtained standard patches and The detection block is correct. 8. Record and display the results of this test.
  • the goal is to transplant the above detection function to the smart phone, which can realize intelligent automatic colorimetry by shooting special test paper, and can also combine the computer-aided artificial eye colorimetric color to eliminate the error and quickly obtain the detection result, and the mobile terminal application (APP) according to the meaning and combination information of each indicator, give the user a reference suggestion such as normal indicators, recommended review, medical consultation and other medical advice.
  • APP mobile terminal application
  • the effective illuminance value is limited to 300 ⁇ 800lux.
  • the illuminance is found to be too high or too low, the user is reminded to turn on the light or properly avoid direct sunlight; in addition, we will define a color difference calibration block on the test paper to correct the color difference; in order to reduce the color interference between the color blocks, we will Through the automatic cutting of the color block, the color patch region with uniform color in the middle portion of each detected color patch is cut out as the reference region of the analysis, and the portion where the edge may have an error is automatically excluded.
  • the solution is to add a standard color patch to the test strip, and its color value (RGB) and the like are known. It is only necessary to measure the color parameters of these known color blocks and their variation laws in different illumination environments, and construct their variation curves to establish a numerical model, and infer the parameters of the illumination environment between the measured values and the model.
  • RGB color value
  • the color of the test paper is not uniform; after the test paper is immersed in the sample, the color of the color block may appear uneven, such as color spots, noise, or edge mottle. There are many reasons for the uneven color. For example, the immersion time of the test paper in the sample is too long or too short. Poor quality of the test paper itself results in different degrees of reaction of different sites of the same color block, and a certain color block is affected by the peripheral color block.
  • the countermeasures include: (1) confirming the reasonable test paper soaking time and the time interval for taking the test strip by the dry chemical reaction parameters of the test strip and a large number of comparative experiments. (2) Eliminate the quality risk of uneven coloration of test papers by technical means. Auto-cutting may be affected by the surrounding edge of the patch, and by sampling analysis, it is forcibly excluded. (3) If it is confirmed that the camera itself has a problem, such as focus error, lens is not clean and other software can not be corrected, it is best to give a warning by the APP, declare that the test results are invalid, and prompt the user to re-operate.

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Abstract

一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法，所述检测方法包括以下步骤：A、采集待检测人员的体液利用配套的专用检测试纸浸入体液中（S1）；B、将试纸置于检测台在规定时间内利用智能设备进行拍照（S2）；C、利用智能设备对所拍照的图像进行处理和分析（S3）；D、不同检测项目所对应的检测指标和结果均通过文字或图标形式表现出来并给出该样本的检测结果（S4）。利用智能移动终端进行快速检测体液，可以让我们足不出户完成检测，了解我们的身体状况，且不需要额外的昂贵仪器，方便快捷，省时省钱，同时也有利于我们的个人隐私得到更好的保护；可以做多种疾病的健康普查，也可以进行家庭监护从而用来跟踪一般的健康状况。

Description

一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于体液特别是尿液检测技术的改进，尤其涉及一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法。
背景技术
根据颜色变化来判断检测结果的试纸条是一类应用广泛的快速检测工具，可用于常规理化指标检测、生化指标检测等。
其技术原理包括但不限于干化学法、免疫层析法(基于彩色乳胶颗粒)、化学荧光法等。检测者能根据试纸条上的一个或多个检测块与待检样本作用后的颜色变化来判断并得出检测结果。譬如用户可以通过肉眼逐项比对进行定性检测，可判断试纸条上的各项检测结果是阴性还是阳性；也能借助专用仪器进行半定量或定量分析，由仪器逐项给出量化的检测结果及汇总报告。
随着智能手机和移动互联网的普及，可穿戴设备和移动医疗应用成为创业热点领域。但绝大部分移动医疗应用仅限于体温、心率、体重、体脂等可以通过物理手段采集和量化的指标。如果要深入了解个人健康状况，一定要通过生物化学等技术手段，从人体样本(如血液、尿液、唾液、汗液、分泌物和粪便等)中得到可量化的检测指标，并快速给出检测结论，将原本只能通过医院或第三方专业检测机构能做的检测项目向家庭等用户居住地延伸。再通过移动互联网等网络化信息互动，连接用户、医疗机构、医生和商品供应商(包括但不限于医疗器械厂商和检测耗材提供商)。
针对的检测样本先从尿液开始。方法成熟后再择机逐步拓展到唾液、血液、分泌物等。而当前广大医疗机构针对尿常规项目的检测服务，最常见的检测工具是干化学分析试纸(尿常规十一项)，采用的方法是比色法。可以是人工肉眼比色，也可以用专业仪器(尿液分析仪)进行扫描检测，读取检测结果。
传统检测试纸条现状：上述传统检测试纸条要么依赖专业人士的肉眼识别，要么只能应用于特定仪器的封闭式检测环境。如果直接应用于手机的摄像头在开放环境下对上述传统检测试纸进行扫描或拍摄识别，存在着不准确、不可靠等适用性不佳等问题。
另一新型试纸条现状：中国专利201410158121.9“一种新型检测试纸条及其制备与应用”公开了一种适合智能手机进行拍摄检测的新型试纸条及其制备方法，但它没有解决该类试纸在开放式环境和自然光条件下进行检测时，如何能达到高准确率(定性准确率>95％甚至>99％)检测结果的问题，也没有涉及到试纸在样品中浸泡后可能出现的色斑、杂点，或边缘性杂色等情形对检测结果的影响如何修正的方法，故不可避免导致其实用性存在欠缺。
传统试纸条使用不方便，易出错。现有的检测试纸条将标准比色板与检测试纸条分离，用户在检测完成后需要找到标准比色板进行逐个色块的比对，容易产生偶然性和人为操作性差错；针对这个问题，本专利将标准比色块与检测试纸条合二为一，并形成合理的比色对应关系，无需用户寻找专用比色板进行逐项比对。
传统试纸条分类多，难识别。不同检测项目(如尿常规检测、分 泌物检测、唾液检测等)需要不同的检测试纸条，分别对应不同的标准比色卡和色块组合，需要人工通过说明书加以区分，很难由机器进行自动化判别。
针对这个问题，本专利事先对每一个检测组合做了开放式的分类编码，并在试纸条的一端设置了一个条形码来记录该试纸条的编码。检测者可使用专用仪器或者使用智能手机上安装的专用应用程序就可以在扫描读取检测结果的同时读出试纸条的编码，从而自动获知该检测试纸条的检测项目及比色卡的组合顺序。
准确性易受光照影响。现有的试纸条如果采用手机进行拍摄和扫描识别，容易受到周边光照环境(如光线强弱和光源颜色变化)的影响，导致出现色差，从而影响检测结果的准确性。
在专利(中国专利201410158121.9)技术将标准对照色块固定在检测试纸条的对比位置，可以消除因光照等环境因素造成的误差，大幅度提高开放性环境下的检测准确性；为了实现定量检测，对传统检测试纸条的精准检测需要使用昂贵的专用仪器，而利用本发明提出的新型试纸条可借助智能手机进行检测。用户只需要通过智能手机自行安装应用软件，通过智能手机的摄像头扫描分析本发明所述的新型试纸条中的各个色块颜色变化与标准色块的对比值，即可进行多个项目、多个指标的快速、准确的半定量或定量检测。
易受周边干扰，降低准确率。现有的试纸条在检测过程中，经常会产生同一色块在检测后出现颜色不均匀、色度不一致等问题。可能是受到周边试纸块的影响或其它杂质干扰导致。如果采用计算机进行 自动识别，很容易产生误差导致检测结果不准确，降低了该检测方法的准确率。
易受拍摄方法影响，降低准确率。由于用户手持手机进行试纸条的拍摄过程中，容易出现对焦距离和水平方位的误差，导致试纸在拍摄过程中的所处位置不够理想，从而影响了对检测结果的计算和判断，降低了检测的准确率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法，旨在解决上述的技术问题。
本发明是这样实现的，一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法，所述检测方法包括以下步骤：
A、采集待检测人员的体液利用配套的专用检测试纸浸入体液样本中；
B、将试纸置于检测台在规定时间内利用智能设备进行拍照；
C、利用智能设备对所拍照的图像进行处理和分析；
D、不同检测项目所对应的检测指标和结果均通过文字或图标形式表现出来并给出该样本的检测结果。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述步骤C中还包括以下步骤：
C1、从拍照的图片中将试纸条切出；
C2、从切出的试纸条中将小的色块切出；
C3、通过对比分析标准色块和检测色块，得出检测切出色块的颜色。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述步骤C1中还包括以下步骤：
C11、在预览框内对拍照的图片沿着预览框进行尺寸调整；
C12、通过边角定位块找到试纸条的左上角和右下角坐标从中切出试纸条。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述步骤C2中还包括以下步骤：
C21、根据实物试纸条尺寸比例分出标准色区和检测块区；
C22、根据推图原理和标准色块的尺寸比例识别标准块区的左右边界并切出标准色块；
C23、根据标准色块和检测色块的位置关系计算得到检测色块的坐标并且切出检测色块。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述步骤C3中还包括以下步骤：
C31、根据相同的颜色块在RGB数据上的相同特征；
C32、统计分析比较检测色块和对应标准色块的若干像素点的RGB数据；
C33、通过对比检测色块和已知的标准色得到相似度识别出检测色块的颜色。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述标准色区为两条。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述推图原理的方法包括以下步骤：
a、在图片中同一颜色区域选取一小块得出颜色特征；
b、按一定方向判断图片中逐列各像素点颜色特征是否与选取小块的颜色特征相符，若相符，则标记为同一颜色，若不符，则标记为不同颜色；
c、根据步骤b的判断标记得到切图坐标实现切图。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述试纸条包括试纸本体，所述试纸本体的左上角、右下角、右上角分别划分有定位块区，在右下角、右上角的前方试纸本体上划分有条码区，所述条码区左边至试纸本体的左边的上下中间划分为检测块区，所述检测块区的两边划分为标准色区。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述定位块区呈长方形小块。
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述智能设备为至少带有一个摄像镜头的智能手机或平板电脑或其他智能终端。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提出的利用智能手机进行快速检测体液，可以让我们足不出户完成检测，了解我们的身体状况，且不需要额外的昂贵仪器，方便快捷，省时省钱，同时也有利于我们的个人隐私得到更好的保护；可以做多种疾病的健康普查，也可以进行家庭监护从而用来跟踪一般的健康状况。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明提供的基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法的流程图,其详述如下：
步骤S1，采集待检测人员的体液利用配套的专用检测试纸浸入体液中；用户只需要采集待检人员的体液，利用配套的检测试纸条浸 入体液中。
步骤S2，将试纸置于检测台在规定时间内利用智能设备进行拍照；将进入体液的试纸条放置在检测台上，在规定的时间内利用智能设备对试纸条进行拍照，其中规定的时间是指常规体液检测中试纸在体液取出放置时间，所用的智能设备为智能手机、平板电脑或带有拍照功能和自由安装应用软件的设备。
步骤S3，利用智能设备的对所拍照的图像进行分析；然后利用手机或其它移动终端的应用软件(APP)对所得图形进行分析，人体体液中的待检测物质与尿检试纸条反应，产生颜色变化，不同浓度的物质，试纸会显示不同的颜色，用手机APP进行颜色分析识别，来确认体液中该物质含量的所属范围，APP根据预先设定的检验标准做出阴阳性的判断。化学反应显色原理是根据干化学反应原理，体液中的待检测物质会与试纸中的试剂发生颜色反应。试纸条中有很多色块，只有将这些色块准确地切出来，才能进行颜色对比分析识别。总体过程分为三步：(1)从拍照的图片中将试纸条切出；(2)从切出的试纸条中将小的色块切出；(3)通过对比分析标准色块和检测色块，得出检测切出色块的颜色。APP拍照后，得到的是一整张图片，首先在预览框内对拍照的图片进行沿着预览框进行尺寸调整，然后会通过边角定位块找到试纸条的左上角和右下角坐标，从图中切出试纸条。根据试纸条实物尺寸比例，分出两条标准色区和一条检测块区，使用推图原理和标准色块的尺寸比例来识别标准块左右边界，进而切出标准色块。根据标准色块和检测色块的位置比例关系，计算得到检测色块的 坐标，进而切出检测色块。切图(推图)原理是将单列(或行)的像素点集合(简称推移列)从左到右(或从上到下)推移，不断对比推移列(或行)和与之相距一定范围内的单列像素点集合，分析对比相邻的像素点列的RGB统计数据，判断是否存在显著差异，若一定像素点行数比较都表现出显著差异，则开始出现显著差异的地方为色块边界，得出坐标，实现切图。该原理可单独使用，也可结合尺寸比例进行计算。APP颜色分析识别原理是：根据相同的颜色块在RGB等数据上的特征相同，通过统计分析比较检测色块和对应标准色块的若干像素点的RGB等数据，得出色块间的相似度。相似度越高的颜色越接近。通过对比检测色块和已知的标准色，得到相似度，识别出检测色块的颜色。
所述推图原理是是将单列或行的像素点集合从左到右或从上到下推移，不断对比推移列或行和与之相距一定范围内的单列像素点集合，分析对比相邻的像素点列的RGB统计数据，判断是否存在显著差异，若一定像素点行数比较都表现出显著差异，则开始出现显著差异的地方为色块边界，得出坐标，实现切图。
在包含待切出色块的图片中，在同一颜色区选取一个方形小块，得出其颜色特征，然后选取一定方向推图，如从左向右逐列判断图片中各像素点的颜色特征是否与方形小块的颜色特征相符，若相符，则标记为同一颜色，若不符，则标记为不同颜色，这样可以得到，相同颜色和与之不同颜色的边界，也就是一种颜色相对于其它颜色的边界，从而得到切图的坐标，切取需要的部分图块，实现切图。其中对不同 种类的图片对象可设置不同的参数，以实现不同种类的切图。如，可调整不相符像素点列的参数，在对比颜色特征过程中，如果在颜色特征上不相符的像素点列达到一定数量，则实现切图。其中推图原理可连续循环使用，识别图片中多种颜色间的边界，并实现切图。
步骤S4，不同检测项目所对应的检测指标和结果均会通过文字或图表形式表现出来，给出该样本的检测结果。
定位块的作用：本发明的试纸，在三个角上设有三个个边角定位块(参见上图边角的三个长方形小块，定位块的数量可根据实际需要确定)，可辅助用户拍照，可辅助智能手机等移动终端内的检测应用程序实现试纸条在图像中的定位，以及对试纸边界的识别。
条形码的作用：本发明试纸的一端印有条形码。条形码的信息包括该试纸产品的型号、防伪校验码等信息，也可与手机应用的用户界面相配合，提示用户试纸条在检测时正确的左右摆放方向。
缩图：在获得清晰图片后，根据图片的像素大小，通过缩放自动调整试纸部分，使之符合目标像素值，并调整试纸图像在整个图片中的位置。
杂色修正：由应用程序逐一确认标准色块的位置和实际颜色后，再逐一切割出所有的检测块。由于检测块在检测后可能出现颜色不均一，如中间部分与边缘部分存在色差，以及存在杂色点等情况。修正方法是将该检测块内的所有像素点的位置和RGB值全部提取、汇总和统计分析，排除周边色差部分，忽略占比小的中间杂点，以检测色块中间部分的主流色值确定为该色块在本次的检测中的合法像素统计 区域，再参与标准色块的颜色比对，得到该检测色块对应的检测项的检测值。
试纸在样品中浸泡后，色块的颜色可能出现不均匀的现象，如出现色斑、杂点，或边缘性杂色等。导致颜色不均的原因很多。如：试纸在样品中的浸泡时间过长或过短。试纸本身质量欠佳导致同一色块的不同位点的反应程度不一，以及某个色块受到周边色块的浸染等。
可通过大量对比实验，确认合理的试纸浸泡时间，在应用软件上提示用户。通过技术手段排除可能存在的试纸显色不均的质量风险。自动裁切可能受到周边污染的色块边缘部分，以及通过采样分析，强制排除杂点干扰。如果确认是相机本身出了问题，如对焦失误、镜头不干净等软件修正不了的问题，则由APP给出警告，宣布本次检测结果无效。
尿检过程：1、用尿杯接满中段尿液，倒入试管，至标记处；2、将试纸条放入试管中，浸泡2秒；3、取出试纸条，甩干残留尿液，将试纸条放在检测台的尿检板上；4.、将试纸条和尿检板一起放在产品盒盖凸槽上。保证光线(白光，非阳光直射)充足、均匀；尿检板置于光源正下方(注意：在试纸条取出试管1分钟后，2分钟内完成拍照)；5、保证试纸条上无阴影，使试纸条四个角均处于拍摄框四角绿框内，点击屏幕对焦清晰拍照；具体是利用左上角和右下角的长方形小块进行对位，也可利用多个长方形小块进行对位；6、和标准样图对比拍摄图片是否清晰、无变形，点击检测分析；7、APP进行处理分析，点击分析结果后，APP对图片进行处理分析。处理步骤如 下：缩图、对位、分块、分析、显示结果。缩图，对位是利用左上角和右下角等长方形小方块来识别对位，对位后裁剪出试纸条。完整切出试纸条部分，首先识别条形码，读出试纸条型号等信息，并调取对应的配置文件，来决定分析对比规则；然后，通过分块方法，分别切出标准块和检测块；最后，通过相应的算法计算和对比规则，选出相似度最高的标准色块，按照配置文件翻译成结果(阴性阳性的定性判断)。其中，(1).利用试纸条的独特设计，进行了对位，具体是利用四角的部分长方形小块。(2).利用了试纸条的独特设计，进行的分块，具体是利用标准色块和检测块的位置关系和尺寸，来进行分块。(3).APP会对切出的检测块进行验证，包括计算出检测块均一颜色的所占的比例，超过一定比例，则满足分析要求，验证通过，必须所有检测块都验证通过，才能进行下一步的分析。若未通过验证，则让用户根据给出的提示继续检测。APP分析检测块是否存在影响结果判断的较大杂块。此部分属于APP的验证分析功能。(4).利用了试纸条的独特设计，对分块的正确性进行了验证，具体是判断特定位置的两个相应编号的标准色块是否符合预期的特征，确保得到的标准色块和检测块是正确的。8、记录并显示本次检测结果。
目标是把上述检测功能移植到智能手机上，可以通过拍摄专用试纸实现智能化全自动比色，也可以结合计算机辅助人工肉眼比色，通过消除误差，快速得到检测结果，并由手机端应用程序(APP)根据各项指标的含义和组合信息，向用户给出参考建议如各项指标正常、推荐复查、就诊等医疗建议。
利用智能手机进行检测，与专业化检测设备相比，由于在检测环境、智能手机和检测方法等方面存在差异，需要克服困难、消除干扰、减少不确定因素的影响，才能保证上述依托智能手机的检测方法是准确可靠的。详述如下：
如何提高准确率：1、确保检测试纸等检测工具自身的准确可靠性；干化学检测试纸容易因吸潮、过期变质等失效，导致检测时发生颜色偏差甚至显色异常。因此，我们需要在检测前对试纸条的品种、规格和生产日期进行有效性判断，避免因产品质量问题引发的差错。这些校验信息会写入试纸的条形码中，由手机APP进行自动校验。
2、通过制定一些简单有效的规则，排除可能导致误差的常见因素；检测环境不符合要求可能导致检测结果出错。如光线太暗、光线太强，以及存在环境因素的色差等。我们会根据实验结果，选择合理的光环境参数，譬如：有效照度值限定在300～800lux之间。如果发现照度过高或过低，提醒用户开灯或适当避免阳光直射等；此外，我们会在试纸上定义色差校准块，修正色差；为了减少色块之间的颜色侵染等干扰，我们会通过色块的自动切割，切取每个检测色块的中间部分颜色均匀的色块区域作为分析的基准区，自动排除边缘可能存在误差的部分。
3、分析大量原始检测数据，寻找并定位误差项，找出误差原因，实现持续改进。我们认为：即使检测方法在总体上合理有效，仍不排除会有少数检测结果是错误的或有问题的。我们会对可疑的结果提取出来，让用户通过目测法进行复核确认。并且把确认的结果保存到服 务端，再后后台运维人员进行二次确认。对于确实存在差错的地方，我们会逐一寻找原因，并找到改进、修正和完善的办法，持续提高自动检测的准确率。
影响准确率的因素分析及对策：1、不确定的光照环境；用户在检测时所处的光照环境(体现在色温和照度值)是不确定的。白天、晚上；开灯、不开灯，靠近还是远离光源，都会导致光照环境的巨大差异。以照度值为例，其数值范围可能会宽泛到0.2～10000之间。一般而言，智能手机内置有光强度传感器。但不同的手机内置的传感器规格不一，检测数据的精度不一，在同一光环境给出的光强度值的偏差很大。对于光强度较弱的环境，可能会触发闪光灯，导致照度剧烈变化，影响取值效果。解决对策是在检测试纸上增加标准色块，其颜色值(RGB)等为已知。只需要测量不同光照环境下这些已知色块的颜色参数及其变化规律，构造出其变化曲线，就能建立数值模型，在实测值与模型之间推断出光照环境的参数。
2、手机摄像头的配置参数差异；不同的安卓手机的硬件配置参数存在差异。手机摄像头的型号不同，分辨率、色差、对焦效果会有区别。而这些也都会影响。对策：由APP自动读取手机的基本配置参数，选择符合要求的拍照尺寸，并根据照片分辨率对图像进行压缩处理，使得目标图像的大小一致。此外，值得声明的一点是，由于是同一摄像头在同一光线条件下拍摄，摄像头对标准色块和检测色块的颜色摄取的特点是一样的，数据特征是一样的，不会对颜色相似度计算产生影响。
3、试纸的颜色不均匀；试纸在样品中浸泡后，色块的颜色可能出现不均匀的现象，如出现色斑、杂点，或边缘性杂色等。导致颜色不均的原因很多。如：试纸在样品中的浸泡时间过长或过短。试纸本身质量欠佳导致同一色块的不同位点的反应程度不一，以及某个色块受到周边色块的浸染等。
对策包括：(1)通过已知的试纸条干化学反应参数和大量对比实验，确认合理的试纸浸泡时间和拍摄试纸条的时间区间。(2)通过技术手段排除可能存在的试纸显色不均的质量风险。自动裁切可能受到周边污染的色块边缘部分，以及通过采样分析，强制排除杂点干扰。(3)如果确认是相机本身出了问题，如对焦失误、镜头不干净等软件修正不了的问题，最好能则由APP给出警告，宣布本次检测结果无效，并提示用户重新操作。
4、局部污染及其它异常显色；由于干化学试纸对一些反应物很敏感，不排除受到样本以外的化学成分的干扰而产生异常显色(产生的颜色在理论上不应该出现，或者偏差过大，无法得出有价值的检测结论)。出现这种情况，只能给出“检测结果异常”等警告信息。
5、其它干扰；除了上述的四点以外，还可能产生一些目前我们尚不可预见的干扰因素。需要在后续检测中发现这些因素，有针对性的规避。目前给不出对策。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于专用试纸对体液的检测方法，其特征在于，所述检测方法包括以下步骤：
    A、采集待检测人员的体液利用配套的专用检测试纸浸入体液中；
    B、将试纸置于检测台在规定时间内利用智能设备进行拍照；
    C、利用智能设备对所拍照的图像进行处理和分析；
    D、不同检测项目所对应的检测指标和结果均通过文字或图标形式表现出来并给出该样本的检测结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C中还包括以下步骤：
    C1、从拍照的图片中将试纸条切出；
    C2、从切出的试纸条中将小的色块切出；
    C3、通过对比分析标准色块和检测色块，得出检测色块的颜色。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C1中还包括以下步骤：
    C11、在预览框内对拍照的图片进行沿着预览框进行尺寸调整；
    C12、通过边角定位块找到试纸条的左上角和右下角坐标从中切出试纸条。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C2中还包括以下步骤：
    C21、根据实物试纸条尺寸比例分出标准色区和检测块区；
    C22、根据推图原理和标准色块的尺寸比例识别标准块区的左右边界并切出标准色块；
    C23、根据标准色块和检测色块的位置关系计算得到检测色块的坐标并且切出检测色块。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤C3中还包括以下步骤：
    C31、根据相同的颜色块在RGB数据上的相同特征；
    C32、统计分析比较检测色块和对应标准色块的若干像素点的RGB数据；
    C33、通过对比检测色块和已知的标准色得到相似度识别出检测色块的颜色。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述标准色区为两条。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述推图原理的方法包括以下步骤：
    a、在图片中同一颜色区域选取一小块得出颜色特征；
    b、按一定方向判断图片中逐列各像素点颜色特征是否与选取小块的颜色特征相符，若相符，则标记为同一颜色，若不符，则标记为不同颜色；
    c、根据步骤b的判断标记得到切图坐标实现切图。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述试纸条包括试纸本体，所述试纸本体的左上角、右下角、右上角分别划分有 定位块区，在右下角、右上角的前方试纸本体上划分有条码区，所述条码区左边至试纸本体的左边的上下中间划分为检测块区，所述检测块区的两边划分为标准色区。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述定位块区呈长方形小块。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述智能设备为至少带有一个摄像镜头的智能手机或平板电脑或其他智能终端。
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