WO2017065148A1 - 液晶表示装置及び偏光板 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置及び偏光板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017065148A1 WO2017065148A1 PCT/JP2016/080175 JP2016080175W WO2017065148A1 WO 2017065148 A1 WO2017065148 A1 WO 2017065148A1 JP 2016080175 W JP2016080175 W JP 2016080175W WO 2017065148 A1 WO2017065148 A1 WO 2017065148A1
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- polarizer
- polarizing plate
- polyester film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133624—Illuminating devices characterised by their spectral emissions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a polarizing plate. Specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a polarizing plate in which generation of rainbow-like color spots is reduced.
- a polarizing plate used in a liquid crystal display device is usually configured by sandwiching a polarizer obtained by dyeing iodine in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or the like between two polarizer protective films.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- TAC films are very expensive, and polyester films have been proposed as an inexpensive alternative material (Patent Documents 1 to 3), but there is a problem of rainbow-like color spots.
- the polarization state of the linearly polarized light emitted from the backlight unit or the polarizer changes when passing through the polyester film.
- the transmitted light shows an interference color peculiar to retardation which is a product of birefringence and thickness of the oriented polyester film. Therefore, if a discontinuous emission spectrum such as a cold cathode tube or a hot cathode tube is used as the light source, the transmitted light intensity varies depending on the wavelength, resulting in a rainbow-like color spot (see: Proceedings of the 15th Micro Optical Conference Proceedings, No. 1) 30-31).
- a white light source having a continuous and broad emission spectrum such as a white light emitting diode as a backlight light source, and further using an oriented polyester film having a certain retardation as a polarizer protective film.
- Patent Document 4 White light emitting diodes have a continuous and broad emission spectrum in the visible light region. Therefore, focusing on the envelope shape of the interference color spectrum due to the transmitted light that has passed through the birefringent body, controlling the retardation of the oriented polyester film provides a spectrum that is similar to the emission spectrum of the light source, and suppresses rainbow spots. It has been proposed to be possible.
- the linearly polarized light emitted from the polarizer passes through the oriented polyester film while maintaining the polarization state. become.
- the uniaxial orientation by controlling the birefringence of the oriented polyester film, light incident from an oblique direction also passes through while maintaining the polarization state.
- a displacement occurs in the orientation main axis direction as compared to when viewed from directly above.
- the uniaxial orientation is high, the displacement in the orientation principal axis direction when viewed from the oblique direction is reduced.
- the emission spectrum peaks in each wavelength region of blue region (400 nm to less than 495 nm), green region (495 nm to less than 600 nm) and red region (600 nm to 780 nm or less).
- White light-emitting diode for example, blue light-emitting diode and at least K 2 SiF 6 as a phosphor
- a liquid crystal display device using a backlight source composed of a white light emitting diode having a fluoride phosphor such as Mn 4+ has been developed.
- the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis direction of the polyester film are usually arranged to be perpendicular to each other. Is done. This is because the polyvinyl alcohol film that is a polarizer is manufactured by longitudinal uniaxial stretching, and the polyester film that is the protective film is manufactured by longitudinal stretching and then lateral stretching, so that the polyester film orientation This is because the main axis direction is the horizontal direction, and when these long objects are bonded together to produce a polarizing plate, the fast axis of the polyester film and the transmission axis of the polarizer are usually perpendicular.
- an oriented polyester film having a specific retardation is used as the polyester film, and, for example, a white LED composed of a light emitting element in which a blue light emitting diode and a yttrium / aluminum / garnet yellow phosphor are combined is used as a backlight light source.
- a white LED composed of a light emitting element in which a blue light emitting diode and a yttrium / aluminum / garnet yellow phosphor are combined is used as a backlight light source.
- an object of the present invention is to have a peak top of an emission spectrum in each wavelength region of a blue region (400 nm or more and less than 495 nm), a green region (495 nm or more and less than 600 nm), and a red region (600 nm or more and 780 nm or less).
- a polyester film is used as a polarizer protective film in a liquid crystal display device having a backlight light source composed of a white light emitting diode having an emission spectrum having a relatively narrow half-width (less than 5 nm) in the region (600 nm or more and 780 nm or less).
- it is to provide a liquid crystal display device and a polarizing plate in which rainbow spots are suppressed.
- the representative present invention is as follows.
- Item 1 A liquid crystal display device having a backlight light source, two polarizing plates, and a liquid crystal cell disposed between the two polarizing plates,
- the backlight source has a peak top of the emission spectrum in each wavelength region of 400 nm to 495 nm, 495 nm to less than 600 nm, and 600 nm to 780 nm, and has the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region of 600 nm to 780 nm.
- the emission spectrum of the backlight source is The full width at half maximum of the peak with the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region of 400 nm or more and less than 495 nm is 5 nm or more, The full width at half maximum of the peak with the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region of 495 nm or more and less than 600 nm is 5 nm or more, Item 2.
- a liquid crystal display device according to item 1. Item 3.
- Item 3. The liquid crystal display device according to Item 1 or 2, wherein a surface reflectance of the antireflection layer surface at a wavelength of 550 nm is 2.0% or less.
- a polarizing plate in which a polyester film is laminated on at least one surface of a polarizer, The polyester film has a retardation of 1500 to 30000 nm, and an antireflection layer and / or a low reflection layer is laminated on at least one surface of the polyester film.
- Item 5. The polarizing plate according to Item 4, wherein the surface reflectance of the antireflection layer surface at a wavelength of 550 nm is 2.0% or less.
- the liquid crystal display device and polarizing plate of the present invention can ensure good visibility in which the occurrence of rainbow-like color spots is significantly suppressed at any viewing angle.
- a liquid crystal display device includes a rear module, a liquid crystal cell, and a front module in order from the side facing the backlight light source toward the image display side (viewing side).
- the rear module and the front module are generally composed of a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive film formed on the liquid crystal cell side surface, and a polarizing plate disposed on the opposite side.
- the polarizing plate is arranged on the side facing the backlight light source in the rear module, and is arranged on the side (viewing side) displaying the image in the front module.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes at least a backlight light source and a liquid crystal cell disposed between two polarizing plates.
- the liquid crystal display device may appropriately have other components in addition to the backlight source, the polarizing plate, and the liquid crystal cell, such as a color filter, a lens film, a diffusion sheet, and an antireflection film.
- a brightness enhancement film may be provided between the light source side polarizing plate and the backlight light source.
- the brightness enhancement film include a reflective polarizing plate that transmits one linearly polarized light and reflects linearly polarized light orthogonal thereto.
- the reflective polarizing plate for example, a DBEF (Dual Brightness Enhancement Film) series brightness enhancement film manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited is preferably used.
- the reflective polarizing plate is usually arranged so that the absorption axis of the reflective polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the light source side polarizing plate are parallel to each other.
- At least one polarizing plate has a polyester film laminated on at least one surface of a polarizer in which iodine is dyed on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or the like. It is.
- the polyester film has a specific retardation, and an antireflection layer and / or a low reflection layer is laminated on at least one surface of the polyester film. is there.
- the antireflection layer and / or the low reflection layer may be provided on the surface opposite to the surface on which the polarizer of the polyester film is laminated, or on the surface on which the polarizer of the polyester film is laminated, Both are acceptable.
- an antireflection layer and / or a low reflection layer on the surface of the polyester film opposite to the surface on which the polarizer is laminated.
- the antireflection layer and / or the low reflection layer is preferably provided between the polyester film and the polarizer.
- there are other layers for example, an easy adhesion layer, a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer, an antistatic layer, an antifouling layer, etc. between the antireflection layer and / or the low reflection layer and the polyester film. May be.
- the refractive index of the polyester film in the direction parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer is preferably 1.53 to 1.62. It is preferable that a film having no birefringence such as a TAC film, an acrylic film, or a norbornene-based film is laminated on the other surface of the polarizer (a polarizing plate having a three-layer structure). There is no need to laminate a film on the other side (two-layer polarizing plate). In addition, when a polyester film is used as a protective film on both sides of the polarizer, it is preferable that the slow axes of both polyester films are substantially parallel to each other.
- any polarizer (polarizing film) used in the technical field can be appropriately selected and used.
- typical polarizers include those obtained by dyeing a dichroic material such as iodine on a polyvinyl alcohol film or the like.
- the polarizer is not limited to this, and may be a known and later-developed polarizer. Can be appropriately selected and used.
- the dichroic material includes iodine, a diazo compound, a polymethine dye, and the like.
- the polarizer can be obtained by any method.
- a PVA film dyed with a dichroic material is uniaxially stretched in an aqueous boric acid solution, and washed and dried while maintaining the stretched state.
- the stretching ratio of uniaxial stretching is usually about 4 to 8 times, but is not particularly limited. Other manufacturing conditions and the like can be appropriately set according to known methods.
- the configuration of the backlight may be an edge light method using a light guide plate, a reflection plate, or the like, or a direct type, but in the present invention, as a backlight light source of a liquid crystal display device, 400 nm or more, less than 495 nm, 495 nm or more, less than 600 nm, and 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less, each having a peak top of the emission spectrum, and the half width of the peak with the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region of 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less
- a backlight light source consisting of a white light emitting diode having an emission spectrum of less than 5 nm is preferred.
- the peak wavelengths of blue, green, and red defined in the CIE chromaticity diagram are 435.8 nm (blue), 546.1 nm (green), and 700 nm (red), respectively.
- the wavelength regions of 400 nm to less than 495 nm, 495 nm to less than 600 nm, and 600 nm to 780 nm correspond to a blue region, a green region, and a red region, respectively.
- the upper limit of the full width at half maximum of the peak having the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region of 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less is preferably less than 5 nm, more preferably less than 4 nm, and still more preferably less than 3.5 nm.
- the lower limit is preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 1.5 nm or more. It is preferable that the half width of the peak is less than 5 nm because the color gamut of the liquid crystal display device widens. Further, if the half width of the peak is less than 1 nm, the light emission efficiency may be deteriorated.
- the shape of the emission spectrum is designed from the balance between the required color gamut and the luminous efficiency.
- the half width is the peak width (nm) at half the intensity of the peak intensity at the peak top wavelength.
- a backlight light source having an emission spectrum having the above-described characteristics is a technology that has been attracting attention due to the recent increasing demand for color gamut expansion.
- Conventionally used white LEDs for example, light-emitting elements that combine blue light-emitting diodes with yttrium, aluminum, and garnet yellow phosphors
- white LEDs for example, light-emitting elements that combine blue light-emitting diodes with yttrium, aluminum, and garnet yellow phosphors
- backlight light sources have a spectrum that can be recognized by the human eye. Only about 20% of colors can be reproduced.
- a backlight light source having an emission spectrum having the above-described characteristics it is said that it is possible to reproduce 60% or more of colors.
- the wavelength region of 400 nm or more and less than 495 nm is more preferably 430 nm or more and 470 nm or less.
- the wavelength region of 495 nm or more and less than 600 nm is more preferably 510 nm or more and 560 nm or less.
- the wavelength region of 600 nm to 780 nm is more preferably 600 nm to 700 nm, and even more preferably 610 nm to 680 mn.
- the peak half-width at the peak top of each wavelength region of the emission spectrum from 400 nm to less than 495 nm and from 495 nm to less than 600 nm is not particularly limited, but is from 400 nm to less than 495 nm
- the half-width of the peak having the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region is preferably 5 nm or more, and the half-width of the peak having the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region of from 495 nm to less than 600 nm is preferably 5 nm or more.
- the upper limit of the peak half width at the peak top of each wavelength region from 400 nm to less than 495 nm and from 495 nm to less than 600 nm is Preferably it is 140 nm or less, Preferably it is 120 nm or less, Preferably it is 100 nm or less, More preferably, it is 80 nm or less, More preferably, it is 60 nm or less, More preferably, it is 50 nm or less.
- a white light source having an emission spectrum having the above-described characteristics include a phosphor type white light emitting diode in which a blue light emitting diode and a phosphor are combined.
- the red phosphor among the phosphors include a fluoride phosphor (also referred to as “KSF”) whose composition formula is K 2 SiF 6 : Mn 4+ , and others.
- the Mn 4+ activated fluoride complex phosphor is a phosphor having Mn 4+ as an activator, a fluoride complex salt of an alkali metal, amine, or alkaline earth metal as a base crystal.
- Fluoride complexes that form host crystals include those whose coordination center is a trivalent metal (B, Al, Ga, In, Y, Sc, lanthanoid), and tetravalent metal (Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Re, Hf) and pentavalent metals (V, P, Nb, Ta), and the number of fluorine atoms coordinated around them is 5-7.
- Mn 4+ activated fluoride complex phosphor examples include A 2 [MF 6 ]: Mn (A is one or more selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 ; M is Ge, Si, One or more selected from Sn, Ti, Zr), E [MF 6 ]: Mn (E is one or more selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn; M is selected from Ge, Si, Sn, Ti, Zr) Ba 0.65 , Zr 0.35 F 2.70 : Mn, A 3 [ZrF 7 ]: Mn (A is one or more selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 ) , A 2 [MF 5 ]: Mn (A is one or more selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 ; M is one or more selected from Al, Ga, In), A 3 [MF 6 ] : Mn (A one is selected Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, from NH 4 ; M
- Mn 4+ activated fluoride complex phosphors is A 2 MF 6 : Mn (A is selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4) whose base crystal is a hexafluoro complex salt of an alkali metal.
- M is one or more selected from Ge, Si, Sn, Ti, and Zr).
- A is preferably one or more selected from K (potassium) or Na (sodium), and M is Si (silicon) or Ti (titanium).
- A is K (the ratio of K in the total amount of A is 99 mol% or more) and M is Si.
- the activation element is preferably 100% Mn (manganese), but Ti, Zr, Ge, Sn, Al, Ga, B, In, Cr, in a range of less than 10 mol% with respect to the total amount of the activation element. Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Zn, Mg, and the like may be included.
- M is Si
- the ratio of Mn in the total of Si and Mn is preferably in the range of 0.5 mol% to 10 mol%.
- Mn 4+ activated fluoride complex phosphors have the chemical formula A 2 + x M y Mn z F n (A is Na and K; M is Si and Al; ⁇ 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0.9 ⁇ y + z ⁇ 1) .1 and 0.001 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.4 and 5 ⁇ n ⁇ 7).
- the backlight light source is preferably a white light emitting diode having a blue light emitting diode and at least a fluoride phosphor as a phosphor, and particularly preferably a fluoride having at least K 2 SiF 6 : Mn 4+ as a blue light emitting diode and a phosphor.
- a white light emitting diode having a phosphor For example, commercially available products such as NSSW306FT, which is a white LED manufactured by Nichia Corporation, can be used.
- the green phosphor for example, a sialon phosphor having a basic composition of ⁇ -SiAlON: Eu or the like, or a silicate phosphor having a basic composition of (Ba, Sr) 2 SiO 4 : Eu or the like. Others are exemplified.
- the wavelength region of 495 nm or more and less than 600 nm, or the wavelength region of 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less the following is considered.
- the half width of the peak with the highest peak intensity is in the above range.
- the half-value width is similarly in the above range for other peaks having an intensity of 70% or more of the highest peak intensity.
- the half width of the peak having the highest peak intensity among the plurality of peaks can be used as it is.
- the independent peak has an intensity region that is 1 ⁇ 2 of the peak intensity on both the short wavelength side and the long wavelength side of the peak. That is, when a plurality of peaks overlap and each peak does not have a region having an intensity that is 1 ⁇ 2 of the peak intensity on both sides thereof, the plurality of peaks are regarded as one peak as a whole.
- the peak width (nm) at half the intensity of the highest peak intensity is set as the half width.
- the peak with the highest peak intensity is defined as the peak top.
- the peak having the highest peak intensity in each of the wavelength region of 400 nm or more and less than 495 nm, the wavelength region of 495 nm or more and less than 600 nm, or the wavelength region of 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less is independent from the peaks of other wavelength regions. It is preferable that the relationship is In particular, the wavelength region between the peak having the highest peak intensity in the wavelength region of 495 nm or more and less than 600 nm and the peak having the highest peak intensity in the region of 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less has a wavelength of 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less. It is preferable in terms of color clarity that there is a region that is 1/3 or less of the peak intensity of the peak having the highest peak intensity in the region.
- the emission spectrum of the backlight light source can be measured by using a spectroscope such as Hamamatsu Photonics multi-channel spectroscope PMA-12.
- each wavelength region of the blue region 400 nm to less than 495 nm
- the green region (495 nm to less than 600 nm)
- the red region 600 nm to 780 nm or less
- a polarizer protective film in a liquid crystal display device having a backlight light source each having a peak top of the emission spectrum and having a relatively narrow white light emitting diode with a peak half-value width of less than 5 nm in the red region (600 nm to 780 nm or less) It has been found that if a polyester film having an antireflection layer and / or a low reflection layer and having a specific retardation is used, a liquid crystal display device and a polarizing plate in which rainbow spots are suppressed are provided.
- the mechanism for suppressing the occurrence of rainbow-like color spots according to the above aspect is considered as follows.
- the polarization state of the linearly polarized light emitted from the backlight unit or the polarizer changes when passing through the polyester film.
- One of the factors that change the polarization state may be the influence of the refractive index difference at the interface between the air layer and the oriented polyester film or the refractive index difference at the interface between the polarizer and the oriented polyester film.
- each wavelength region of the blue region (400 nm or more and less than 495 nm), the green region (495 nm or more and less than 600 nm), and the red region (600 nm or more and 780 nm or less) has an emission spectrum peak top.
- a polarizing plate using a polyester film as a polarizer protective film may be used. It becomes possible to have good visibility without generating rainbow-like color spots.
- the polarizer preferably has a polarizer protective film made of a polyester film laminated on at least one surface of the polarizer.
- the polyester film used for the polarizer protective film preferably has a retardation of 1500 to 30000 nm. If the retardation is in the above range, it is preferable because rainbow spots tend to be reduced more easily.
- the preferred lower limit of retardation is 3000 nm, the next preferred lower limit is 3500 nm, the more preferred lower limit is 4000 nm, the still more preferred lower limit is 6000 nm, and the still more preferred lower limit is 8000 nm.
- a preferable upper limit is 30000 nm, and a polyester film having a retardation larger than this has a considerably large thickness and tends to deteriorate the handleability as an industrial material.
- retardation means in-plane retardation unless otherwise indicated.
- the retardation can be obtained by measuring the refractive index and thickness in the biaxial direction, or by using a commercially available automatic birefringence measuring device such as KOBRA-21ADH (Oji Scientific Instruments).
- the refractive index can be obtained by an Abbe refractometer (measurement wavelength: 589 nm).
- the ratio (Re / Rth) of the retardation of the polyester film (Re: in-plane retardation) to the retardation in the thickness direction (Rth) is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, and still more preferably 0.8. 6 or more.
- the ratio of the retardation to the retardation in the thickness direction (Re / Rth) is larger, the birefringence action is more isotropic, and the occurrence of rainbow-like color spots depending on the observation angle tends to be less likely to occur.
- the ratio of the retardation to the retardation in the thickness direction (Re / Rth) is 2.0.
- the ratio of the retardation to the retardation in the thickness direction (Re / Rth)
- the upper limit is preferably 2.0.
- the thickness direction retardation means an average of retardation obtained by multiplying two birefringences ⁇ Nxz and ⁇ Nyz by the film thickness d when the film is viewed from the cross section in the thickness direction.
- the polyester film preferably has an NZ coefficient of 2.5 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, still more preferably 1.8 or less, and still more preferably 1. 6 or less. And since a NZ coefficient will be 1.0 in a perfect uniaxial (uniaxial symmetry) film, the minimum of a NZ coefficient is 1.0. However, it should be noted that the mechanical strength in the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction tends to decrease significantly as the film approaches a perfect uniaxial (uniaxial symmetry) film.
- the NZ coefficient is represented by
- the orientation axis of the film is obtained using a molecular orientation meter (MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.), and the biaxial refractive index (Ny, Nx, where the orientation axis direction and the direction perpendicular thereto are perpendicular) Ny> Nx) and the refractive index (Nz) in the thickness direction are determined by Abbe's refractometer (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd., NAR-4T, measurement wavelength 589 nm). The value obtained in this manner can be substituted for
- the Ny-Nx value of the polyester film is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.07 or more, further preferably 0.08 or more, and still more preferably. Is 0.09 or more, most preferably 0.1 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, but in the case of a polyethylene terephthalate film, the upper limit is preferably about 1.5.
- the refractive index of the polyester film in the direction parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizer constituting the polarizing plate is preferably in the range of 1.53 to 1.62.
- reflection at the interface between the polarizer and the polyester film can be suppressed, and rainbow-like color spots can be further suppressed.
- rainbow-like color spots may occur when observed from an oblique direction.
- the refractive index of the polyester film in the direction parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizer is preferably 1.61 or less, more preferably 1.60 or less, still more preferably 1.59 or less, and still more preferably. Is 1.58 or less.
- the lower limit of the refractive index of the polyester film in the direction parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizer is 1.53.
- the refractive index is preferably 1.56 or more, more preferably 1.57 or more. An arbitrary range in which the above-described upper and lower limits of the refractive index are combined is assumed.
- the polarizing plate In order to set the refractive index of the polyester film in the direction parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizer in the range of 1.53 or more and 1.62 or less, the polarizing plate has the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the polyester film. It is preferable that (the slow axis and the vertical direction) are substantially parallel.
- the refractive index in the fast axis direction which is the direction perpendicular to the slow axis, can be adjusted to a low value of about 1.53 to 1.62 by stretching the polyester film in the film forming process described later.
- the refractive index of the polyester film in the direction parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizer is set to 1.53 to 1.62.
- substantially parallel means that the angle formed between the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the polarizer protective film (polyester film) is ⁇ 15 ° to 15 °, preferably ⁇ 10 ° to 10 °. It means preferably ⁇ 5 ° to 5 °, more preferably ⁇ 3 ° to 3 °, still more preferably ⁇ 2 ° to 2 °, and still more preferably ⁇ 1 ° to 1 °.
- substantially parallel is substantially parallel.
- “substantially parallel” means that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the polyester film are parallel to such an extent that the deviation inevitably caused when the polarizer and the protective film are bonded to each other is allowed. Means.
- the direction of the slow axis can be determined by measuring with a molecular orientation meter (for example, MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
- the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the polyester film is preferably 1.53 or more and 1.62 or less.
- the refractive index of the polyester film in the direction parallel to the transmission axis of the child can be 1.53 or more and 1.62 or less.
- the polarizer protective film made of the polyester film can be used for both the incident light side (light source side) and the outgoing light side (viewing side) polarizing plate, but at least the outgoing light side (viewing side) polarizing plate. It is preferable to use it for a protective film.
- the polarizer protective film made of the polyester film is arranged on both sides, whether it is arranged on the liquid crystal cell side from the polarizer or on the outgoing light side. Although it may be arranged, it is preferably arranged at least on the outgoing light side.
- the polarizer protective film made of the polyester film may be disposed on the incident light side from the polarizer, or on the liquid crystal cell side. However, it is preferable that it is disposed at least on the incident light side.
- the polarizing plate disposed on the incident light side may not be a polarizer protective film made of a polyester film but may be a polarizer protective film having a low retardation such as a triacetyl cellulose film.
- Polyester used for the polyester film may be polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, but may contain other copolymerization components. These resins are excellent in transparency and excellent in thermal and mechanical properties, and the retardation can be easily controlled by stretching.
- polyethylene terephthalate has a large intrinsic birefringence. By stretching the film, the refractive index in the fast axis direction (perpendicular to the slow axis direction) can be kept low, and it is relatively easy even if the film is thin. Therefore, it is the most suitable material.
- the polyester film preferably has a light transmittance of 20% or less at a wavelength of 380 nm.
- the light transmittance at 380 nm is more preferably 15% or less, further preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less. If the light transmittance is 20% or less, the optical functional dye can be prevented from being deteriorated by ultraviolet rays.
- the transmittance is measured by a method perpendicular to the plane of the film, and can be measured using a spectrophotometer (for example, Hitachi U-3500 type).
- the ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention is a known substance.
- the ultraviolet absorber include an organic ultraviolet absorber and an inorganic ultraviolet absorber, and an organic ultraviolet absorber is preferable from the viewpoint of transparency.
- the organic ultraviolet absorber include benzotriazole, benzophenone, cyclic imino ester, and combinations thereof, but are not particularly limited as long as the absorbance is within the range defined by the present invention.
- benzotoazole and cyclic imino ester are particularly preferable.
- benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers examples include 2- [2'-hydroxy-5 '-(methacryloyloxymethyl) phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2' -Hydroxy-5 '-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-5'-(methacryloyloxypropyl) phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2,2'-dihydroxy- 4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2 ′, 4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6- (5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl) phenol, 2- ( 2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5 ' Methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (5-
- cyclic imino ester UV absorbers examples include 2,2 ′-(1, 4-phenylene) bis (4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2-methyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-butyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, Examples thereof include 2-phenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, but are not particularly limited thereto.
- additives include inorganic particles, heat resistant polymer particles, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, phosphorus compounds, antistatic agents, light proofing agents, flame retardants, thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, and antigelling agents. And surfactants.
- a polyester film does not contain a particle
- “Substantially free of particles” means, for example, in the case of inorganic particles, a content that is 50 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppm or less, particularly preferably the detection limit or less when inorganic elements are quantified by fluorescent X-ray analysis. means.
- the surface reflectance of the antireflection layer used in the present invention is preferably 2.0% or less. When it exceeds 2.0%, rainbow-like color spots are easily recognized.
- the surface reflectance of the antireflection layer is more preferably 1.6% or less, still more preferably 1.2% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0% or less.
- the lower limit of the surface reflectance of the antireflection layer is not particularly limited, but is 0.01%, for example. A reflectance of 0% is most preferable.
- the reflectance can be measured by an arbitrary method. For example, using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, UV-3150), the light reflectance at a wavelength of 550 nm can be measured from the surface on the antireflection layer side.
- the antireflection layer may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the thickness of the low refractive index layer made of a material having a lower refractive index than that of a plastic film (polyester film) is set to 1 / light wavelength. If it is formed to have four wavelengths or an odd multiple thereof, an antireflection effect can be obtained.
- the antireflection layer is a multilayer, an antireflection effect can be obtained by alternately laminating two or more low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers and controlling the thickness of each layer as appropriate.
- a hard coat layer can be laminated between the antireflection layers, and an antifouling layer can be formed on the hard coat layer.
- antireflection layers include those using a moth-eye structure.
- the moth-eye structure is a concavo-convex structure with a pitch smaller than the wavelength formed on the surface, and this structure converts a sudden and discontinuous refractive index change at the boundary with air into a continuous and gradually changing refractive index change. It is possible to change. Therefore, by forming the moth-eye structure on the surface, light reflection on the surface of the film is reduced.
- the formation of the antireflection layer using the moth-eye structure can be performed with reference to, for example, JP-T-2001-517319.
- the antireflection film for example, a dry coating method in which an antireflection layer is formed on the surface of the base material (polyester film) by vapor deposition or sputtering, and an antireflection coating liquid is applied to the surface of the base material and dried.
- a dry coating method in which an antireflection layer is formed on the surface of the base material (polyester film) by vapor deposition or sputtering, and an antireflection coating liquid is applied to the surface of the base material and dried.
- Examples thereof include a wet coating method for forming an antireflection layer, or a combined method using both of them.
- the composition of the antireflection layer and the formation method thereof are not particularly limited as long as the above characteristics are satisfied.
- the well-known low reflection layer can be used. For example, it is formed by a method of laminating at least one metal or oxide thin film by vapor deposition or sputtering, a method of coating one or more organic thin films, or the like.
- a polyester film or an organic thin film having a lower refractive index than that of a hard coat layer laminated on the polyester film is preferably used.
- the surface reflectance of the low reflection layer is preferably less than 5%, more preferably 4% or less, further preferably 3% or less, and further preferably 2% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.8% to 1.0%.
- the antireflection layer and / or the low reflection layer may be further provided with an antiglare function. Thereby, it is possible to further suppress rainbow spots. That is, a combination of an antireflection layer and an antiglare layer, a combination of a low reflection layer and an antiglare layer, or a combination of an antireflection layer, a low reflection layer and an antiglare layer may be used. Particularly preferred is a combination of a low reflection layer and an antiglare layer.
- a known anti-glare layer can be used as the anti-glare layer. For example, from the viewpoint of suppressing the surface reflection of the film, an embodiment in which an antiglare layer is laminated on a polyester film and then an antireflection layer or a low reflection layer is laminated on the antiglare layer is preferable.
- the polyester film preferably has an easy adhesion layer on the surface thereof.
- the refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer can be adjusted by a known method.
- the refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer can be easily adjusted by containing a binder resin with titanium, germanium, or other metal species.
- the polyester film can be subjected to corona treatment, coating treatment, flame treatment, etc. in order to improve the adhesion with the polarizer.
- At least one surface of the film of the present invention has an easy-adhesion layer mainly composed of at least one of a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin or a polyacrylic resin.
- the “main component” refers to a component that is 50% by mass or more of the solid components constituting the easy-adhesion layer.
- the coating solution used for forming the easy-adhesion layer is preferably an aqueous coating solution containing at least one of a water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymerized polyester resin, an acrylic resin, and a polyurethane resin.
- coating solutions include water-soluble or water-dispersible co-polymers disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3567927, Japanese Patent No. 3589232, Japanese Patent No. 3589233, Japanese Patent No. 3900191, and Japanese Patent No. 4150982.
- coating solutions include a polymerized polyester resin solution, an acrylic resin solution, and a polyurethane resin solution.
- the easy-adhesion layer can be obtained by applying the coating solution on one or both sides of a uniaxially stretched film in the longitudinal direction, drying at 100 to 150 ° C., and further stretching in the transverse direction.
- the final coating amount of the easy adhesion layer is preferably controlled to 0.05 to 0.20 g / m 2 . If the coating amount is less than 0.05 g / m 2 , the adhesion with the resulting polarizer may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the coating amount exceeds 0.20 g / m 2 , blocking resistance may be lowered.
- the application quantity of an easily bonding layer on both surfaces may be the same or different, and can be independently set within the above range.
- particles it is preferable to add particles to the easy-adhesion layer in order to impart slipperiness. It is preferable to use particles having an average particle size of 2 ⁇ m or less. When the average particle diameter of the particles exceeds 2 ⁇ m, the particles easily fall off from the coating layer.
- particles to be included in the easy adhesion layer for example, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, alumina, talc, kaolin, clay, calcium phosphate, mica, hectorite, zirconia, tungsten oxide, lithium fluoride,
- examples include inorganic particles such as calcium fluoride, and organic polymer particles such as styrene, acrylic, melamine, benzoguanamine, and silicone. These may be added alone to the easy-adhesion layer, or may be added in combination of two or more.
- a known method can be used as a method for applying the coating solution.
- reverse roll coating method gravure coating method, kiss coating method, roll brush method, spray coating method, air knife coating method, wire bar coating method, pipe doctor method, etc.
- spray coating method air knife coating method, wire bar coating method, pipe doctor method, etc.
- wire bar coating method wire bar coating method
- pipe doctor method etc.
- the average particle size of the above particles is measured by the following method. Take a picture of the particles with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and at a magnification such that the size of one smallest particle is 2-5 mm, the maximum diameter of 300-500 particles (between the two most distant points) Distance) is measured, and the average value is taken as the average particle diameter.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the polyester film used as a polarizer protective film can be manufactured according to a general polyester film manufacturing method.
- the polyester resin is melted and the non-oriented polyester extruded and formed into a sheet shape is stretched in the longitudinal direction by utilizing the speed difference of the roll at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature, and then stretched in the transverse direction by a tenter.
- the method of performing heat processing is mentioned.
- the polyester film used in the present invention may be a uniaxially stretched film or a biaxially stretched film, but when the biaxially stretched film is used as a polarizer protective film, it is observed from directly above the film surface. However, rainbow-like color spots are not seen, but care must be taken because rainbow-like color spots may be observed when observed from an oblique direction.
- the longitudinal stretching temperature and the transverse stretching temperature are preferably 80 to 130 ° C, particularly preferably 90 to 120 ° C.
- the longitudinal draw ratio is preferably 1.0 to 3.5 times, particularly preferably 1.0 to 3.0 times.
- the transverse draw ratio is preferably 2.5 to 6.0 times, and particularly preferably 3.0 to 5.5 times.
- the longitudinal draw ratio is preferably 2.5 to 6.0 times, particularly preferably 3.0 to 5.5 times.
- the transverse draw ratio is preferably 1.0 to 3.5 times, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 3.0 times.
- the treatment temperature is preferably from 100 to 250 ° C., particularly preferably from 180 to 245 ° C.
- the thickness unevenness of the film is small. Since the stretching temperature and the stretching ratio greatly affect the thickness variation of the film, it is preferable to optimize the film forming conditions from the viewpoint of reducing the thickness variation. In particular, when the longitudinal draw ratio is lowered to increase the retardation, the longitudinal thickness unevenness may be increased. Since there are areas where the thickness unevenness in the vertical direction becomes very bad in a specific range of the draw ratio, it is desirable to set the film forming conditions outside this range.
- the thickness unevenness of the polyester film is preferably 5.0% or less, more preferably 4.5% or less, still more preferably 4.0% or less, and 3.0% or less. Is particularly preferred.
- the stretching ratio, stretching temperature, and film thickness can be appropriately set.
- the higher the stretching ratio, the lower the stretching temperature, and the thicker the film the higher the retardation.
- the lower the stretching ratio, the higher the stretching temperature, and the thinner the film the lower the retardation.
- the thickness of the polyester film is arbitrary, but is preferably in the range of 15 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 15 to 200 ⁇ m. Even in the case of a film having a thickness of less than 15 ⁇ m, it is possible in principle to obtain a retardation of 1500 nm or more. However, in that case, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the film becomes remarkable, and it becomes easy to cause tearing, tearing, etc., and the practicality as an industrial material is remarkably lowered. A particularly preferable lower limit of the thickness is 25 ⁇ m. On the other hand, if the upper limit of the thickness of the polarizer protective film exceeds 300 ⁇ m, the thickness of the polarizing plate becomes too thick, which is not preferable.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 200 ⁇ m.
- a particularly preferable upper limit of the thickness is 100 ⁇ m, which is about the same as a general TAC film.
- Polyethylene terephthalate is preferable as the polyester used as the film substrate in order to control the retardation within the range of the present invention even in the above thickness range.
- a method of blending the ultraviolet absorber into the polyester film a known method can be used in combination.
- a master batch is prepared by blending the dried ultraviolet absorber and the polymer raw material in advance using a kneading extruder. It can be prepared and blended by, for example, a method of mixing a predetermined master batch and a polymer raw material during film formation.
- the concentration of the UV absorber in the master batch is preferably 5 to 30% by mass in order to uniformly disperse the UV absorber and mix it economically.
- a kneading extruder it is preferable to use a kneading extruder and to extrude at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the polyester raw material and not higher than 290 ° C. for 1 to 15 minutes. Above 290 ° C, the weight loss of the UV absorber is large, and the viscosity of the master batch is greatly reduced. If the extrusion time is 1 minute or less, uniform mixing of the UV absorber becomes difficult. At this time, if necessary, a stabilizer, a color tone adjusting agent, and an antistatic agent may be added.
- the polyester film has a multilayer structure of at least three layers and an ultraviolet absorber is added to the intermediate layer of the film.
- a film having a three-layer structure containing an ultraviolet absorber in the intermediate layer can be specifically produced as follows. Polyester pellets alone for the outer layer, master batches containing UV absorbers for the intermediate layer and polyester pellets are mixed at a predetermined ratio, dried, and then supplied to a known melt laminating extruder, which is slit-shaped. Extruded into a sheet form from a die and cooled and solidified on a casting roll to make an unstretched film.
- a three-layer manifold or a merging block for example, a merging block having a square merging portion
- a film layer constituting both outer layers and a film layer constituting an intermediate layer are laminated
- An unstretched film is formed by extruding a three-layer sheet from the die and cooling with a casting roll.
- the filter particle size (initial filtration efficiency 95%) of the filter medium used for high-precision filtration of the molten resin is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less. When the filter particle size of the filter medium exceeds 15 ⁇ m, removal of foreign matters of 20 ⁇ m or more tends to be insufficient.
- the biaxial refractive index (the refractive index in the slow axis direction: Ny, the fast axis (the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis direction): Nx), and the refractive index in the thickness direction ( Nz) was determined by an Abbe refractometer (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd., NAR-4T, measurement wavelength 589 nm).
- the biaxial refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ Nxy) was determined by the following method. Using a molecular orientation meter (MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.), determine the slow axis direction of the film, 4 cm so that the slow axis direction is parallel to the long side of the measurement sample.
- MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.
- a rectangle of ⁇ 2 cm was cut out and used as a measurement sample.
- Abbe refracts the biaxial refractive index (the refractive index in the slow axis direction: Ny, the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis direction: Nx), and the refractive index (Nz) in the thickness direction.
- ) of the biaxial refractive index difference was determined as a refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ Nxy), which was obtained by a refractive index meter (NAGO-4T manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd., measurement wavelength 589 nm).
- the thickness d (nm) of the film was measured using an electric micrometer (manufactured by Fine Reef, Millitron 1245D), and the unit was converted to nm.
- Retardation (Re) was determined from the product ( ⁇ Nxy ⁇ d) of refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ Nxy) and film thickness d (nm).
- ) and ⁇ Nyz (
- This light source had a plurality of peaks in the wavelength region of 600 nm or more and 780 nm or less, and the half-value width was evaluated at a peak near 630 nm having the highest peak intensity in this region. Moreover, the exposure time in the spectrum measurement was 20 msec.
- the obtained polyethylene terephthalate resin (A) had an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g and contained substantially no inert particles and internally precipitated particles. (Hereafter, abbreviated as PET (A).)
- PET (B) 10 parts by weight of a dried UV absorber (2,2 ′-(1,4-phenylene) bis (4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), PET (A) containing no particles (with intrinsic viscosity 0.62 dl / g) 90 parts by mass were mixed, and a polyethylene terephthalate resin (B) containing an ultraviolet absorber was obtained using a kneading extruder (hereinafter abbreviated as PET (B)).
- a dried UV absorber (2,2 ′-(1,4-phenylene) bis (4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one)
- a transesterification reaction and a polycondensation reaction were carried out by a conventional method, and as a dicarboxylic acid component (based on the total dicarboxylic acid component) 46 mol% terephthalic acid, 46 mol% isophthalic acid and 8 mol% sodium 5-sulfonatoisophthalate, A water-dispersible sulfonic acid metal base-containing copolymer polyester resin having a composition of 50 mol% ethylene glycol and 50 mol% neopentyl glycol as a glycol component (based on the entire glycol component) was prepared.
- -Acrylic resin solution B 5 parts by mass-Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether 0.25 parts by mass-Titanium oxide particles having an average particle size of 20 nm 0.5 parts by mass-Triphenylphosphine 0.05 parts by mass-Isopropyl alcohol 14.25 parts by mass
- the obtained polymer solution was diluted with methyl ethyl ketone to a solid content concentration of 5% by mass to obtain a fluoropolymer solution C.
- the obtained fluoropolymer solution C was mixed as follows to obtain a coating solution for forming a low refractive index layer.
- PET protective film 1 After drying 90 parts by mass of PET (A) resin pellets containing no particles as a raw material for the base film intermediate layer and 10 parts by mass of PET (B) resin pellets containing an ultraviolet absorber at 135 ° C. for 6 hours under reduced pressure (1 Torr) , And supplied to the extruder 2 (for the intermediate layer II layer). Also, the PET (A) was dried by an ordinary method and supplied to the extruder 1 (for the outer layer I layer and the outer layer III), and dissolved at 285 ° C. .
- the unstretched film on which this coating layer was formed was guided to a tenter stretching machine, guided to a hot air zone at a temperature of 125 ° C. while being gripped by a clip, and stretched 4.0 times in the width direction.
- the high refractive index layer-forming coating solution obtained by the above method is applied to one coated surface of the uniaxially stretched PET film and dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes to form a high refractive index layer having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m. did.
- the coating solution for forming a low refractive index layer obtained by the above method is applied and dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes to form a low refractive index layer having a film thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m and reflected.
- the polarizer protective film 1 in which the prevention layer was laminated was obtained.
- the polarizer protective film 2 was formed in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1 and the antireflection layer was laminated, and the film thickness was about 80 ⁇ m. It was.
- Polarizer protective film 3 Except for changing the line speed and changing the thickness of the unstretched film, the film was formed in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1 to obtain a polarizer protective film 3 having an antireflection layer laminated and a film thickness of about 60 ⁇ m. It was.
- the antiglare layer coating agent is applied so that the film thickness after curing is 8 ⁇ m on one coated surface of the polarizer protective film prepared by the same method as that of the polarizer protective film 2 except that the antireflection layer is not provided. 1 was applied and dried in an oven at 80 ° C. for 60 seconds. Thereafter, using an ultraviolet irradiation device (Fusion UV Systems Japan, light source H bulb), an antiglare layer was laminated by irradiating ultraviolet rays at an irradiation dose of 300 mJ / cm 2 . Thereafter, an antireflection layer was laminated on the antiglare layer in the same manner as in the polarizer protective film 1 to obtain a polarizer protective film 5.
- an ultraviolet irradiation device Fusion UV Systems Japan, light source H bulb
- the antiglare layer and the antireflection layer are applied in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 5 on one application surface of the polarizer protective film prepared by the same method as the polarizer protective film 3 except that the antireflection layer is not provided.
- the polarizer protective film 6 was obtained by laminating.
- the antiglare layer coating agent is applied so that the film thickness after curing is 8 ⁇ m on one coated surface of the polarizer protective film prepared by the same method as that of the polarizer protective film 4 except that no antireflection layer is provided. 2 was applied and dried in an oven at 80 ° C. for 60 seconds. Thereafter, using an ultraviolet irradiation device (Fusion UV Systems Japan, light source H bulb), an antiglare layer was laminated by irradiating ultraviolet rays at an irradiation dose of 300 mJ / cm 2 . Then, the anti-reflective layer was laminated
- an ultraviolet irradiation device Fusion UV Systems Japan, light source H bulb
- (Polarizer protective film 8) An unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 is heated to 105 ° C. using a heated roll group and an infrared heater, and then 3.3 rolls in the running direction with a roll group having a difference in peripheral speed.
- a protective film 8 was obtained.
- Polarizer protective film 9 A polarizer protective film 9 having a film thickness of about 100 ⁇ m was obtained by the same method as that of the polarizer protective film 1 except that the antireflection layer was not provided.
- the antiglare layer is laminated by the same method as the polarizer protective film 5 on one application surface of the polarizer protective film produced by the same method as the polarizer protective film 8 except that the antireflection layer is not provided.
- the child protective film 10 was obtained (the antireflection layer was not laminated).
- a liquid crystal display device was prepared using the polarizer protective films 1 to 11 as described later.
- Example 1 A polarizer protective film 1 is attached to one side of a polarizer composed of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m) to make a polarizing plate 1.
- the polarizer was laminated
- the polarizing plate on the viewing side of REGZA 43J10X manufactured by Toshiba Corporation was replaced with the polarizing plate 1 so that the polyester film was on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell (distal), thereby producing a liquid crystal display device.
- Example 2 A polarizer protective film 2 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m) to make a polarizing plate 2.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 was changed to the polarizing plate 2.
- Example 3 A polarizer protective film 3 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m), and polarizing plate 3 was prepared.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 was changed to the polarizing plate 3.
- Example 4 A polarizer protective film 4 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m), and polarizing plate 4 was created.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 was changed to the polarizing plate 4.
- Example 5 A polarizer protective film 4 is attached to one side of a polarizer composed of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the phase advance axis of the film are parallel to each other, and a TAC film (FUJIFILM Corporation) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m) to make a polarizing plate 5.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 was changed to the polarizing plate 5.
- Example 6 A polarizer protective film 5 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the phase advance axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) on the opposite side. Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m) to make a polarizing plate 6.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 was changed to the polarizing plate 6.
- Example 7 A polarizer protective film 6 is attached to one side of a polarizer composed of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m), and a polarizing plate 7 was prepared.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 was changed to the polarizing plate 7.
- Example 8 A polarizer protective film 7 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m), and polarizing plate 8 was created.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 1 was changed to the polarizing plate 8.
- a polarizer protective film 8 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, with a thickness of 80 ⁇ m) to make a polarizing plate 9.
- the polarizer was laminated
- the polarizing plate on the viewing side of REGZA 43J10X manufactured by Toshiba Corporation was replaced with the polarizing plate 9 so that the polyester film was on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell (distal), thereby producing a liquid crystal display device.
- a polarizer protective film 9 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured and having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m) to make a polarizing plate 10.
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 9 was changed to the polarizing plate 10.
- a polarizer protective film 10 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the fast axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) Manufactured and having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m), a polarizing plate 11 was prepared.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 9 was changed to the polarizing plate 11.
- a polarizer protective film 11 is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the transmission axis of the polarizer and the phase advance axis of the film are perpendicular to each other, and a TAC film (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) on the opposite side.
- a polarizing plate 12 was prepared.
- the polarizer was laminated
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the polarizing plate 9 was changed to the polarizing plate 12.
- Table 1 below shows the results of the measurement of rainbow spot observation for the liquid crystal display devices obtained in each example.
- the liquid crystal display device and the polarizing plate of the present invention can ensure good visibility in which the occurrence of rainbow-like color spots is significantly suppressed at any angle, and greatly contribute to the industry.
Abstract
Description
項1.
バックライト光源、2つの偏光板、及び前記2つの偏光板の間に配置された液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置であって、
前記バックライト光源は、400nm以上495nm未満、495nm以上600nm未満及び600nm以上780nm以下の各波長領域にそれぞれ発光スペクトルのピークトップを有し、かつ、600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm未満である発光スペクトルを有する白色発光ダイオードであり、
前記偏光板のうち少なくとも一方の偏光板は、偏光子の少なくとも一方の面にポリエステルフィルムが積層されたものであり、
前記ポリエステルフィルムは、1500~30000nmのリタデーションを有し、
前記ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも一方の面に反射防止層及び/又は低反射層が積層されている、
液晶表示装置。
項2.
前記バックライト光源の発光スペクトルは、
400nm以上495nm未満の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm以上であり、
495nm以上600nm未満の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm以上である、
項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
項3.
前記反射防止層表面の波長550nmにおける表面反射率が2.0%以下である、項1又は2に記載の液晶表示装置。
項4.
偏光子の少なくとも一方の面にポリエステルフィルムが積層された偏光板であって、
前記ポリエステルフィルムが1500~30000nmのリタデーションを有し、ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも一方の面に反射防止層及び/又は低反射層が積層されている、
400nm以上495nm未満、495nm以上600nm未満及び600nm以上780nm以下の各波長領域にそれぞれ発光スペクトルのピークトップを有し、かつ、600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm未満である発光スペクトルを有する白色発光ダイオードからなるバックライト光源を有する液晶表示装置用偏光板。
項5.
前記反射防止層表面の波長550nmにおける表面反射率が2.0%以下である、項4に記載の偏光板。
CIE色度図にて定義される青色、緑色、赤色の各ピーク波長は、それぞれ435.8nm(青色)、546.1nm(緑色)、及び700nm(赤色)であることが知られている。前記400nm以上495nm未満、495nm以上600nm未満、及び600nm以上780nm以下の各波長領域は、それぞれ青色領域、緑色領域、及び赤色領域に相当する。
600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域における最も高いピーク強度を有するピークの半値幅の上限は5nm未満が好ましく、より好ましくは4nm未満、さらに好ましくは3.5nm未満である。下限は1nm以上が好ましく、より好ましくは1.5nm以上である。ピークの半値幅が5nm未満であると、液晶表示装置の色域が広がるため好ましい。また、ピークの半値幅が1nm未満であると、発光効率が悪くなるおそれがある。要求される色域と発光効率のバランスから発光スペクトルの形状が設計される。なお、ここで、半値幅とは、ピークトップの波長におけるピーク強度の、1/2の強度におけるピーク幅(nm)のことである。
複数のピークが、それぞれ独立したピークである場合、最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が上記範囲であることが好ましい。さらに、最も高いピーク強度の70%以上の強度を有する他のピークについても、同様に半値幅が上記範囲になることがより好ましい態様である。
複数のピークが重なった形状を有する一個の独立したピークについては、複数のピークのうち最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅をそのまま測定できる場合には、その半値幅を用いる。ここで、独立したピークとは、ピークの短波長側、長波長側の両方にピーク強度の1/2になる強度の領域を有するものである。すなわち、複数のピークが重なり、個々のピークがその両側にピーク強度の1/2になる強度の領域を有さない場合は、その複数のピークを全体として一個のピークと見なす。この様な、複数のピークが重なった形状を有する一個のピークは、その中の最も高いピーク強度の、1/2の強度におけるピークの幅(nm)を半値幅とする。
なお、複数のピークのうち、最もピーク強度の高いピークをピークトップとする。
なお、400nm以上495nm未満の波長領域、495nm以上600nm未満の波長領域、又は600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域のそれぞれの波長領域における最も高いピーク強度を持つピークは他の波長領域のピークとはお互い独立した関係にあることが好ましい。特に、495nm以上600nm未満の波長領域で最も高いピーク強度を持つピークと、600nm以上780nm以下の領域で最も高いピーク強度を持つピークとの間の波長領域には、強度が600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域の最も高いピーク強度を持つピークのピーク強度の1/3以下になる領域が存在することが色彩の鮮明性の面で好ましい。
出射光側に配置される偏光板については、上記ポリエステルフィルムからなる偏光子保護フィルムは、その偏光子を起点として液晶セル側に配置されても、出射光側に配置されていても、両側に配置されていてもよいが、少なくとも出射光側に配置されていることが好ましい。
入射光側に配される偏光板においても、上記ポリエステルフィルムからなる偏光子保護フィルムは、その偏光子を起点として入射光側に配置していても、液晶セル側に配置していても、両側に配置されていても良いが、少なくとも入射光側に配置されていることが好ましい態様である。また、入射光側に配される偏光板は、ポリエステルフィルムからなる偏光子保護フィルムは使用せず、トリアセチルセルロースフィルム等のリタデーションの低い偏光子保護フィルムを使用したものであってもよい。
ポリエステルフィルムの進相軸方向の屈折率やリタデーションを上記範囲に制御するためには、縦延伸倍率と横延伸倍率の比率を制御することが好ましい。縦横の延伸倍率の差が小さすぎると、ポリエステルフィルムの進相軸方向の屈折率が1.62を超える傾向にあり、また、リタデーションを高くすることが難しくなるため、好ましくない。また、延伸温度を低く設定することも、ポリエステルフィルムの進相軸方向の屈折率を低くし、リタデーションを高くする上では好ましい対応である。続く熱処理においては、処理温度は100~250℃が好ましく、特に好ましくは180~245℃である。
分子配向計(王子計測器株式会社製、MOA-6004型分子配向計)を用いて、フィルムの遅相軸方向を求め、遅相軸方向が長辺と平行になるように、4cm×2cmの長方形を切り出し、測定用サンプルとした。このサンプルについて、直交する二軸の屈折率(遅相軸方向の屈折率:Ny,進相軸(遅相軸方向と直交する方向の屈折率):Nx)、及び厚さ方向の屈折率(Nz)をアッベ屈折率計(アタゴ社製、NAR-4T、測定波長589nm)によって求めた。
リタデーションとは、フィルム上の直交する二軸の屈折率の異方性(△Nxy=|Nx-Ny|)とフィルム厚みd(nm)との積(△Nxy×d)で定義されるパラメーターであり、光学的等方性、異方性を示す尺度である。二軸の屈折率の異方性(△Nxy)は、以下の方法により求めた。分子配向計(王子計測器株式会社製、MOA-6004型分子配向計)を用いて、フィルムの遅相軸方向を求め、遅相軸方向が測定用サンプル長辺と平行になるように、4cm×2cmの長方形を切り出し、測定用サンプルとした。このサンプルについて、直交する二軸の屈折率(遅相軸方向の屈折率:Ny,遅相軸方向と直交する方向の屈折率:Nx)、及び厚さ方向の屈折率(Nz)をアッベ屈折率計(アタゴ社製、NAR-4T、測定波長589nm)によって求め、前記二軸の屈折率差の絶対値(|Nx-Ny|)を屈折率の異方性(△Nxy)とした。フィルムの厚みd(nm)は電気マイクロメータ(ファインリューフ社製、ミリトロン1245D)を用いて測定し、単位をnmに換算した。屈折率の異方性(△Nxy)とフィルムの厚みd(nm)の積(△Nxy×d)より、リタデーション(Re)を求めた。
厚さ方向リタデーションとは、フィルム厚さ方向断面から見たときの2つの複屈折△Nxz(=|Nx-Nz|)、△Nyz(=|Ny-Nz|)にそれぞれフィルム厚さdを掛けて得られるリタデーションの平均を示すパラメーターである。リタデーションの測定と同様の方法でNx、Ny、Nzとフィルム厚みd(nm)を求め、(△Nxz×d)と(△Nyz×d)との平均値を算出して厚さ方向リタデーション(Rth)を求めた。
上記(1)により得られた、Ny、Nx、Nzの値をNZ=|Ny-Nz|/|Ny-Nx|に代入してNZ係数の値を求めた。
各実施例で使用する液晶表示装置には、東芝社製のREGZA 43J10Xを用いた。この液晶表示装置のバックライト光源(白色発光ダイオード)の発光スペクトルを、浜松ホトニクス製 マルチチャンネル分光器 PMA-12を用いて測定したところ、450nm、535nm、630nm付近にピークトップを有する発光スペクトルが観察された。各ピークトップの半値幅(各波長領域における最も高いピーク強度を有するピークの半値幅)は、それぞれ450nmのピークが17nm、535nmのピークが45nm、630nmのピークが2nmであった。なお、この光源では600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域に複数のピークを有したが、この領域で最もピーク強度の高い630nm付近のピークで半値幅を評価した。また、スペクトル測定の際の露光時間は20msecとした。
分光光度計(島津製作所製、UV-3150)を用い、波長550nmにおける5度反射率を、反射防止層側(又は低反射層側)の表面から測定した。なお、ポリエステルフィルムの反射防止層(又は低反射層)を設けた側とは反対側の面に、黒マジックを塗った後、黒ビニルテープ((株)共和ビニルテープ HF-737 幅50mm)を貼って測定した。
各実施例で得られた液晶表示装置を、正面、及び斜め方向から暗所で目視観察し、虹斑の発生有無について、以下のように判定した。
○: 虹斑が観察されない
△: 虹斑が僅かに観察される
×: 虹斑が観察される
××: 虹斑が著しく観察される
エステル化反応缶を昇温し200℃に到達した時点で、テレフタル酸を86.4質量部およびエチレングリコール64.6質量部を仕込み、撹拌しながら触媒として三酸化アンチモンを0.017質量部、酢酸マグネシウム4水和物を0.064質量部、トリエチルアミン0.16質量部を仕込んだ。ついで、加圧昇温を行いゲージ圧0.34MPa、240℃の条件で加圧エステル化反応を行った後、エステル化反応缶を常圧に戻し、リン酸0.014質量部を添加した。さらに、15分かけて260℃に昇温し、リン酸トリメチル0.012質量部を添加した。次いで15分後に、高圧分散機で分散処理を行い、15分後、得られたエステル化反応生成物を重縮合反応缶に移送し、280℃で減圧下重縮合反応を行った。
乾燥させた紫外線吸収剤(2,2’-(1,4-フェニレン)ビス(4H-3,1-ベンズオキサジン-4-オン)10質量部、粒子を含有しないPET(A)(固有粘度が0.62dl/g)90質量部を混合し、混練押出機を用い、紫外線吸収剤含有するポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂(B)を得た。(以後、PET(B)と略す。)
常法によりエステル交換反応および重縮合反応を行って、ジカルボン酸成分として(ジカルボン酸成分全体に対して)テレフタル酸46モル%、イソフタル酸46モル%および5-スルホナトイソフタル酸ナトリウム8モル%、グリコール成分として(グリコール成分全体に対して)エチレングリコール50モル%およびネオペンチルグリコール50モル%の組成の水分散性スルホン酸金属塩基含有共重合ポリエステル樹脂を調製した。次いで、水51.4質量部、イソプロピルアルコール38質量部、n-ブチルセルソルブ5質量部、ノニオン系界面活性剤0.06質量部を混合した後、加熱撹拌し、77℃に達したら、上記水分散性スルホン酸金属塩基含有共重合ポリエステル樹脂5質量部を加え、樹脂の固まりが無くなるまで撹拌し続けた後、樹脂水分散液を常温まで冷却して、固形分濃度5.0質量%の均一な水分散性共重合ポリエステル樹脂液を得た。さらに、凝集体シリカ粒子(富士シリシア(株)社製、サイリシア310)3質量部を水50質量部に分散させた後、上記水分散性共重合ポリエステル樹脂液99.46質量部にサイリシア310の水分散液0.54質量部を加えて、撹拌しながら水20質量部を加えて、接着性改質塗布液を得た。
メチルメタアクリレート80質量部、メタアクリル酸20質量部、アゾイソブチロニトリル1質量部、イソプロピルアルコール200質量部を反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下80℃で7時間反応させて、重量平均分子量30000のポリマーのイソプロピルアルコール溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液をさらにイソプロピルアルコールで固形分5質量%まで希釈し、アクリル樹脂溶液Bを得た。次いで、得られたアクリル樹脂溶液Bを、以下のように混合して、高屈折率層形成用塗布液を得た。
・アクリル樹脂溶液B 5 質量部
・ビスフェノールA ジグリシジルエーテル 0.25質量部
・平均粒径20nmの酸化チタン粒子 0.5質量部
・トリフェニルホスフィン 0.05質量部
・イソプロピルアルコール 14.25質量部
2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルアクリレート(45質量部)、パーフルオロオクチルエチルアクリレート(45質量部)、アクリル酸(10質量部)、アゾイソブチロニトリル(1.5質量部)、メチルエチルケトン(200質量部)を反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下80℃で7時間反応させて、重量平均分子量20000のポリマーのメチルエチルケトン溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液を、メチルエチルケトンで固形分濃度5質量%まで希釈し、フッ素ポリマー溶液Cを得た。得られたフッ素ポリマー溶液Cを、以下のように混合して、低屈折率層形成用塗布液を得た。
・フッ素ポリマー溶液C 44質量部
・1,10-ビス(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)
- 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7 ,
8,8,9,9 - ヘキサデカフルオロデカン
(共栄社化学製、フルオライトFE-16) 1質量部
・トリフェニルホスフィン 0.1質量部
・メチルエチルケトン 19質量部
不飽和二重結合含有アクリル共重合体 サイクロマーP ACA-Z250(ダイセル化学工業社製)(49質量部)、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート CAP482-20(数平均分子量75000)(イーストマンケミカル社製)(3質量部)、アクリルモノマー AYARAD DPHA(日本化薬社製)(49質量部)、アクリル-スチレン共重合体(平均粒子径4.0μm)(積水化成品工業社製)(2質量部)、イルガキュア184(BASF社製)(10質量部)の固形成分を35質量%として、メチルエチルケトン:1-ブタノール=3:1の混合溶剤を加えて、防眩層形成用塗布液を得た。
不飽和二重結合含有アクリル共重合体 サイクロマーP ACA-Z250(ダイセル化学工業社製)(49質量部)、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート CAP482-0.5(数平均分子量25000)(イーストマンケミカル社製)(3質量部)、アクリルモノマー AYARAD DPHA(日本化薬社製)(49質量部)、アクリル-スチレン共重合体(平均粒子径4.0μm)(積水化成品工業社製)(4質量部)、イルガキュア184(BASF社製)(10質量部)の固形成分を35質量%として、メチルエチルケトン:1-ブタノール=3:1の混合溶剤を加えて、防眩層形成用塗布液を得た。
不飽和二重結合含有アクリル共重合体 サイクロマーP ACA-Z250(ダイセル化学工業社製)(49質量部)、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート CAP482-0.2(数平均分子量15000)(イーストマンケミカル社製)(3質量部)、アクリルモノマー AYARAD DPHA(日本化薬社製)(49質量部)、アクリル-スチレン共重合体(平均粒子径4.0μm)(積水化成品工業社製)(2質量部)、イルガキュア184(BASF社製)(10質量部)の固形成分を35質量%として、メチルエチルケトン:1-ブタノール=3:1の混合溶剤を加えて、防眩層形成用塗布液を得た。
基材フィルム中間層用原料として粒子を含有しないPET(A)樹脂ペレット90質量部と紫外線吸収剤を含有したPET(B)樹脂ペレット10質量部を135℃で6時間減圧乾燥(1Torr)した後、押出機2(中間層II層用)に供給し、また、PET(A)を常法により乾燥して押出機1(外層I層および外層III用)にそれぞれ供給し、285℃で溶解した。この2種のポリマーを、それぞれステンレス焼結体の濾材(公称濾過精度10μm粒子95%カット)で濾過し、2種3層合流ブロックにて、積層し、口金よりシート状にして押し出した後、静電印加キャスト法を用いて表面温度30℃のキャスティングドラムに巻きつけて冷却固化し、未延伸フィルムを作った。この時、I層、II層、III層の厚さの比は10:80:10となるように各押し出し機の吐出量を調整した。
ラインスピードを変更して未延伸フィルムの厚みを変えた以外は偏光子保護フィルム1と同様にして製膜し、反射防止層が積層された、フィルム厚みが約80μmの偏光子保護フィルム2を得た。
ラインスピードを変更して未延伸フィルムの厚みを変えた以外は偏光子保護フィルム1と同様にして製膜し、反射防止層が積層された、フィルム厚みが約60μmの偏光子保護フィルム3を得た。
ラインスピードを変更して未延伸フィルムの厚みを変えた以外は偏光子保護フィルム1と同様にして製膜し、反射防止層が積層された、フィルム厚みが約40μmの偏光子保護フィルム4を得た。
反射防止層を付与しない以外は、偏光子保護フィルム2と同様の方法により作製した偏光子保護フィルムの一方の塗布面に、硬化後の膜厚が8μmになるように、防眩層コーティング剤-1を塗布し、80℃・60秒オーブンで乾燥した。その後、紫外線照射装置(フュージョンUVシステムズジャパン、光源Hバルブ)を用いて、照射線量300mJ/cm2で紫外線を照射して防眩層を積層した。その後、防眩層の上に、偏光子保護フィルム1と同様の方法で反射防止層を積層して偏光子保護フィルム5を得た。
反射防止層を付与しない以外は、偏光子保護フィルム3と同様の方法により作成した偏光子保護フィルムの一方の塗布面に、偏光子保護フィルム5と同様の方法で防眩層と反射防止層を積層して偏光子保護フィルム6を得た。
反射防止層を付与しない以外は、偏光子保護フィルム4と同様の方法により作成した偏光子保護フィルムの一方の塗布面に、硬化後の膜厚が8μmになるように、防眩層コーティング剤-2を塗布し、80℃・60秒オーブンで乾燥した。その後、紫外線照射装置(フュージョンUVシステムズジャパン、光源Hバルブ)を用いて、照射線量300mJ/cm2で紫外線を照射して防眩層を積層した。その後、防眩層の上に、偏光子保護フィルム1と同様に方法で反射防止層を積層して偏光子保護フィルム7を得た。
偏光子保護フィルム1と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、加熱されたロール群及び赤外線ヒーターを用いて105℃に加熱し、その後周速差のあるロール群で走行方向に3.3倍延伸した後、温度130℃の熱風ゾーンに導き幅方向に4.0倍延伸して、偏光子保護フィルム1と同様の方法で、反射防止層が積層された、フィルム厚み約30μmの偏光子保護フィルム8を得た。
反射防止層を付与しない以外は、偏光子保護フィルム1と同様の方法により作製し、フィルム厚み約100μmの偏光子保護フィルム9を得た。
反射防止層を付与しない以外は、偏光子保護フィルム8と同様の方法により作製した偏光子保護フィルムの一方の塗布面に、偏光子保護フィルム5と同様の方法で防眩層を積層して偏光子保護フィルム10を得た(反射防止層は積層していない)。
反射防止層を付与しない以外は、偏光子保護フィルム1と同様の方法により作製した偏光子保護フィルムの一方の塗布面に、硬化後の膜厚が8μmになるように、防眩層コーティング剤-3を塗布し、80℃・60秒オーブンで乾燥した。その後、紫外線照射装置(フュージョンUVシステムズジャパン、光源Hバルブ)を用いて、照射線量300mJ/cm2で紫外線を照射して防眩層が積層された偏光子保護フィルム11を得た。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム1を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板1を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。
東芝社製のREGZA 43J10Xの視認側の偏光板を、ポリエステルフィルムが液晶セルとは反対側(遠位)となるように上記偏光板1に置き換えて、液晶表示装置を作成した。なお、偏光板1の透過軸の方向が、置き換え前の偏光板の透過軸の方向と同一となるよう置き換えた。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム2を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板2を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板1を偏光板2に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム3を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板3を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板1を偏光板3に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム4を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板4を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板1を偏光板4に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム4を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が平行になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板5を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板1を偏光板5に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム5を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板6を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層および防眩層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板1を偏光板6に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム6を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板7を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層および防眩層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板1を偏光板7に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム7を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板8を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層および防眩層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板1を偏光板8に変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム8を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板9を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの反射防止層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。
東芝社製のREGZA 43J10Xの視認側の偏光板を、ポリエステルフィルムが液晶セルとは反対側(遠位)となるように上記偏光板9に置き換えて、液晶表示装置を作成した。なお、偏光板9の透過軸の方向が、置き換え前の偏光板の透過軸の方向と同一となるよう置き換えた。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム9を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板10を作成した。偏光板9を偏光板10に変えた以外は比較例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム10を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板11を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの防眩層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板9を偏光板11に変えた以外は比較例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
PVAとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に偏光子保護フィルム11を偏光子の透過軸とフィルムの進相軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対の面にTACフィルム(富士フイルム(株)社製、厚み80μm)を貼り付けて偏光板12を作成した。なお、偏光子保護フィルムの防眩層が積層されていない面に、偏光子を積層して偏光板を作成した。偏光板9を偏光板12に変えた以外は比較例1と同様にして、液晶表示装置を作成した。
Claims (5)
- バックライト光源、2つの偏光板、及び前記2つの偏光板の間に配置された液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置であって、
前記バックライト光源は、400nm以上495nm未満、495nm以上600nm未満及び600nm以上780nm以下の各波長領域にそれぞれ発光スペクトルのピークトップを有し、かつ、600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm未満である発光スペクトルを有する白色発光ダイオードであり、
前記偏光板のうち少なくとも一方の偏光板は、偏光子の少なくとも一方の面にポリエステルフィルムが積層されたものであり、
前記ポリエステルフィルムは、1500~30000nmのリタデーションを有し、前記ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも一方の面に反射防止層及び/又は低反射層が積層されている、液晶表示装置。 - 前記バックライト光源の発光スペクトルは、
400nm以上495nm未満の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm以上であり、
495nm以上600nm未満の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm以上である、
請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。 - 前記反射防止層表面の波長550nmにおける表面反射率が2.0%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 偏光子の少なくとも一方の面にポリエステルフィルムが積層された偏光板であって、
前記ポリエステルフィルムが1500~30000nmのリタデーションを有し、ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも一方の面に反射防止層及び/又は低反射層が積層されている、
400nm以上495nm未満、495nm以上600nm未満及び600nm以上780nm以下の各波長領域にそれぞれ発光スペクトルのピークトップを有し、かつ、600nm以上780nm以下の波長領域における最もピーク強度の高いピークの半値幅が5nm未満である発光スペクトルを有する白色発光ダイオードからなるバックライト光源を有する液晶表示装置用偏光板。 - 前記反射防止層表面の波長550nmにおける表面反射率が2.0%以下である、請求項4に記載の偏光板。
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JP6859951B2 (ja) | 2021-04-14 |
KR20180071250A (ko) | 2018-06-27 |
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CN108139628A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
KR20220012414A (ko) | 2022-02-03 |
TWI787938B (zh) | 2022-12-21 |
TW202146951A (zh) | 2021-12-16 |
KR102531940B1 (ko) | 2023-05-16 |
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CN113777827A (zh) | 2021-12-10 |
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