WO2017063600A1 - 伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置 - Google Patents

伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017063600A1
WO2017063600A1 PCT/CN2016/102231 CN2016102231W WO2017063600A1 WO 2017063600 A1 WO2017063600 A1 WO 2017063600A1 CN 2016102231 W CN2016102231 W CN 2016102231W WO 2017063600 A1 WO2017063600 A1 WO 2017063600A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe member
energy absorbing
double
absorbing device
cutter
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PCT/CN2016/102231
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高广军
Original Assignee
中南大学
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Application filed by 中南大学 filed Critical 中南大学
Priority to RU2017117514A priority Critical patent/RU2667998C1/ru
Priority to US15/520,391 priority patent/US10279822B2/en
Priority to EP16854975.6A priority patent/EP3199420B1/en
Publication of WO2017063600A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017063600A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G11/00—Buffers
    • B61G11/16—Buffers absorbing shocks by permanent deformation of buffer element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
    • B61F19/04—Bumpers or like collision guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D15/00—Other railway vehicles, e.g. scaffold cars; Adaptations of vehicles for use on railways
    • B61D15/06—Buffer cars; Arrangements or construction of railway vehicles for protecting them in case of collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
    • F16F7/125—Units with a telescopic-like action as one member moves into, or out of a second member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
    • F16F7/127—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members by a blade element cutting or tearing into a quantity of material; Pultrusion of a filling material

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of passive safety protection of rail vehicles, and particularly relates to an energy absorbing device in a vehicle collision.
  • the cutting-type energy absorbing device of the invention patent track locomotive vehicle with the publication number CN102107664A proposes a cutting type energy absorbing device, which is fixed by the cutting test piece, and the cutter head is located on the arbor. When the arbor is subjected to collision, the cutting of the cutter head is cut. The pieces absorb energy.
  • the cutting type energy absorbing device of the above-mentioned rolling stock adopts cutting energy absorption, and is exposed outside the energy absorbing device before the energy absorbing structure is deformed, occupies the external space, but the shank will invade the inside of the energy absorbing device after the deformation, so the structure has no residual deformation and is fully utilized.
  • the deformation stroke
  • the present invention provides a telescopic rail vehicle collision energy absorbing device.
  • the energy absorbing element is usually hidden inside the energy absorbing device and does not occupy the external space.
  • the energy absorbing structure that rapidly protrudes adopts the cutting energy absorbing energy. And can all return to the inside of the energy absorbing device, no residual deformation, all utilize the effective deformation stroke.
  • the present invention provides a special purpose for the occurrence of a rail vehicle.
  • the telescopic rail vehicle collision cutting energy absorbing device during collision is hidden inside the vehicle during normal running of the train, and does not affect the appearance of the vehicle.
  • the energy absorbing structure of the energy absorbing device can quickly extend. The energy is absorbed, and the energy absorbing structure has no residual deformation at the time of collision, and the deformation stroke can be fully utilized.
  • the existing locomotive vehicles adopt a crushing energy absorbing structure fixed on the outer end of the vehicle, which affects the aesthetic appearance of the vehicle.
  • the crushing energy absorbing structure produces residual deformation that will affect the energy absorbing capacity of the structure.
  • there is a telescopic energy absorbing structure it does not affect the aesthetics of the vehicle at ordinary times, but it also adopts a crushing energy absorbing structure, which will leave residual deformation, which affects the energy absorbing ability of the entire structure.
  • the telescopic rail vehicle collision cutting energy absorbing device proposed by the invention has the energy absorbing structure hidden in the interior of the vehicle at ordinary times, does not affect the aesthetic appearance of the vehicle, and can protrude enough length without collision and fully utilizes in the collision. Its deformation stroke effectively improves the energy absorption capacity of the structure.
  • a telescopic rail vehicle collision energy absorbing device comprises a first pipe member, a second pipe member telescopically retractable inside the first pipe member; the first pipe member is mounted with a cutting mechanism for cutting the outer wall of the second pipe member;
  • the energy device comprises a telescopic mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism is connected to the second pipe member through the first pipe member;
  • the telescopic mechanism When the energy absorbing device is in a non-operating state, the telescopic mechanism pulls the second pipe member to retract inside the first pipe member; and when the vehicle is in a state before the collision, the telescopic mechanism pushes the second pipe member under the action of high-pressure air Ejecting outwardly, the cutting mechanism is pressed against the positioning groove of the second pipe member by a spring force, and the cutting mechanism is cut when the second pipe member is retracted into the first pipe member by an external force.
  • the second pipe member absorbs energy, so that after the collision of the energy-absorbing round pipe, only the energy-absorbing structure is replaced during the repair, and the entire device is not required to be replaced, and the energy-absorbing structure can generate stable longitudinal deformation when subjected to a certain vertical or lateral force. And move longitudinally along the guide cylinder.
  • the telescopic mechanism is driven by a double-acting cylinder drive, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder or driven by a motor driven rack.
  • the telescopic mechanism When the telescopic mechanism is driven by a double-acting cylinder, the telescopic mechanism comprises a double-acting cylinder, a double-acting solenoid valve, a gas storage tank and a controller; in the non-operating state, the controller triggers a double action
  • the 2-position end of the solenoid valve causes the high-pressure air in the gas tank to inflate the 2-position end of the double-acting cylinder through the gas path, so that the double-acting cylinder is in a tension state, and the second pipe member is pulled back to the first Inside the pipe;
  • the controller when the vehicle is in a state before the collision, the controller triggers the 1-position end of the double-acting solenoid valve, so that the high-pressure air in the gas tank inflates the 1-position end of the double-acting cylinder through the gas path,
  • the double-acting cylinder pushes the second pipe member outwardly under the action of high-pressure air.
  • the cutting mechanism comprises a cutter and a cutter seat; in the non-operating state, the cutting mechanism is pressed on the outer wall of the second pipe by a cutter; and is mounted on the cutter in a state before the collision of the vehicle
  • the tool on the seat can be rotated and disengaged from the second pipe member, so that the tool is pressed against the positioning groove of the second pipe member which is ejected outward by the spring force.
  • the cutting mechanism further comprises a tool fixing block, a bolt, a torsion spring and a pin, wherein the tool and the tool fixing block are connected by a pin, and the pin hole of the tool fixing block has a counterbore, and the torsion spring is sleeved On the pin, one end of the torsion spring is connected to the tool, and one end is connected to the tool fixing block, and the tool is pressed against the second pipe member by the spring force of the torsion spring; the tool fixing block is fixed to the tool holder by bolts.
  • the cutter is rotated and disengaged from the second tubular member by using a pull ring or using a cylinder under the cutter; the pull ring is mounted on the cutter, and the cutter is pulled by the pull ring to separate the cutter from the second tubular member, the cutter
  • the tool on the seat can be rotated and removed from the energy absorbing structure and can be replaced in the event of damage.
  • the first pipe member comprises a guiding cylinder
  • the guiding cylinder is a hollow circular tube
  • one end of the guiding cylinder is provided with a first flange portion, and is fixed to the cutter seat by the first flange portion.
  • the other end is attached to the base of the energy absorbing device by a fastener.
  • the inner end of the second pipe member is provided with a second flange portion
  • the cutter seat is provided with a third flange portion that is sleeved in the first pipe member, and the second flange portion is
  • the inner wall of the first pipe member is gap-fitted and is limited by the third flange portion.
  • the outer end of the second tubular member is provided with anti-climbing teeth, the inner end of which is sleeved in the inner cavity of the first tubular member, and the positioning groove is opened on the outer wall in the second tubular member.
  • the energy absorbing device is provided with two sets, and two sets of energy absorbing devices are respectively installed on both sides of the end portion of the rail vehicle.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the telescopic rail vehicle collision energy absorbing device is hidden inside the vehicle body when no action occurs, and does not affect the overall beauty of the vehicle; when the collision occurs, the energy absorption can quickly protrude and the large deformation occurs. Absorbing energy, it can fully utilize the deformation stroke of the structure to absorb energy, protect the safety of vehicles and passengers, and can also retract into the interior of the vehicle when the structure is triggered by mistake. At the same time, the device has a simple structure, is easy to replace after damage, and can realize automatic control.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the installation of the cutter structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A - A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention in a non-operating state.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention in an operating state.
  • the utility model relates to a telescopic rail vehicle collision energy absorbing device, which is composed of two separate mechanisms, which are respectively installed on both sides of the vehicle end.
  • the mechanical structure of the energy absorbing device comprises an anti-climbing tooth 1, an energy absorbing round tube 2, a pull ring 3, a cutter 4, a cutter fixing block 5, a mounting seat 6, a tool holder 7, and a guiding cylinder.
  • the double-acting cylinder 9, the rear seat 10, the bolt 11, the torsion spring 12 and the pin 13 are composed.
  • the energy absorbing device is mounted on the vehicle body through the mounting seat 6.
  • the mounting seat 6 is fixed to the vehicle body by bolts, and can be separately manufactured according to different types of vehicle body structures, or can be pre-installed on the vehicle at the time of vehicle manufacture.
  • the base of the double-acting cylinder 9 is bolted to the vehicle body, and the double-acting cylinder 9 can also be a double-acting hydraulic cylinder or driven by a motor-driven rack.
  • the tool 4 and the tool fixing block 5 are connected by a pin 13.
  • the tool fixing block 5 has a counterbore on one side of the pin hole, and the torsion spring 12 is sleeved on the pin 13.
  • One end of the torsion spring 12 is connected to the tool 4, and one end is connected to the tool fixing block 5. .
  • the tool mounting structure is fixed to the seat by bolts 11, and the tool 4 is tightly pressed against the outer wall of the energy absorbing tube 2 by the spring force of the torsion spring 12.
  • the cutter 4 is provided with a pull ring 3, and when the energy absorption round tube 2 or the double-acting cylinder 9 is pulled to pull the energy absorption round tube 2 to the inside of the guide cylinder 8, the cutter 4 can be pulled by the pull ring 3 to make the energy absorption round tube 2 and The cutter 4 is separated. It is also possible to install the cylinder jacking tool 4 under the cutter 4 to separate the energy absorption tube 2 from the cutter 4, and the cutter 4 mounted on the tool holder 7 can be rotated and disengaged from the energy absorbing structure, and can be replaced in the event of damage.
  • the mounting seat 6 is connected to the tool holder 7 by bolts 16.
  • One end of the guiding cylinder 8 is welded to the tool holder 7, and the other end is connected to the base 10 by bolts 17.
  • the piston end of the double-acting cylinder 9 is connected to the anti-climbing tooth 1 via a pin 15.
  • the suction tube 2 is matched with the inner hole of the cutter holder 7, and the anti-climbing tooth 1 is installed at the front end, and the rear end boss is matched with the inner space of the guide cylinder 8, and the suction tube 2 can be moved in the longitudinal direction.
  • the energy absorbing tube 2 and the guiding barrel 8 may be circular or of other shapes, but with a clearance fit therebetween.
  • the control system of the energy absorbing device is composed of a double-acting solenoid valve 18, a controller 19, and a gas storage tank 20 to make.
  • the high-pressure air existing in the vehicle is used as the source power
  • the controller 19 triggers the 2-position end of the double-acting solenoid valve 18, and the high-pressure air in the air tank 20 passes through the air path to the double-acting cylinder 9
  • the two-position end is inflated, so that the double-acting cylinder 9 is in a tensile state, and the suction-absorbing circular tube 2 is hidden inside the guiding cylinder 8, and the cutter 4 is pressed against the outer wall of the energy-absorbing circular tube 2.
  • the controller 19 triggers the 1-position end of the double-acting solenoid valve 18, and the high-pressure air in the air tank 20 inflates the 1-position end of the double-acting cylinder 9 through the air passage.
  • the double-acting cylinder 9 pushes the energy-absorbing circular tube 2 outwardly under the action of high-pressure air, and the cutter 4 is pressed against the positioning groove 14 of the energy-absorbing circular tube 2 by the torsion spring 12, and the energy-absorbing round tube 2 receives an external force.
  • the cutter 4 cuts the suction tube 2 to absorb the collision momentum.
  • the energy absorbing device can be mounted on a rail vehicle, driven by the vehicle's own high-pressure air, or mounted on other tools that require energy absorption, but requires additional high-pressure air.
  • the energy absorbing device may have a sensor mounted on the vehicle to realize automatic control of the entire structure, or manual control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

一种伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，由单独作用的两套机构组成，分别安装在车辆端部的两侧，每套由防爬齿（1）、吸能圆管（2）、拉环（3）、刀具（4）、刀具固定块（5）、安装座（6）、刀具座（7）、导向筒（8）、双作用式气缸（9）、底座（10）、螺栓（11）、扭力弹簧（12）、销（13）、定位槽（14）、双作用式电磁阀（18）、控制器（19）、储气罐（20）组成，吸能装置在非工作状态时，双作用式气缸（9）为拉力状态，拉动吸能圆管（2）缩在导向筒（8）内部，刀具（4）压在吸能圆管（2）的外壁上，在列车发生碰撞前，双作用式气缸（9）在高压空气作用下推动吸能圆管（2）向外弹出，刀具（4）在弹簧力的作用下压在吸能圆管（2）的定位槽上，当吸能圆管（2）受到外力向导向筒（8）内退缩时，刀具（4）切削吸能结构吸收能量。

Description

伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置 技术领域
本发明属于轨道车辆被动安全保护领域，具体涉及一种车辆碰撞中的吸能装置。
背景技术
随着我国铁路运输的发展，列车运营速度的不断提高，车辆运行安全问题也受到越来越多的重视，轨道车辆由于惯性大，速度高，在碰到障碍物之前虽进行紧急制动，但碰撞事故还时有发生，一旦发生碰撞事故，就可能造成机毁人亡的惨剧，在车辆端部安装吸能结构可以使车辆在发生碰撞事故时吸能结构吸收能量，从而保护乘客及车辆的安全，在世界各国都受到青睐。
公开号为CN201989738U的发明专利气压驱动可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置提出了一种可以伸缩的吸能结构，吸能结构可以在外壳中往复滑动，他能将吸能结构快速推出，并实现可靠的自锁，碰撞发生后，吸能结构可产生压溃变形吸收能量，若没有发生碰撞，则可以通过拉出自锁螺钉使吸能结构退回。
公开号为CN102107664A的发明专利轨道机车车辆切削式吸能装置提出了一种切削式吸能装置，被切试件固定，刀头位于刀杆上，刀杆受到碰撞时，刀头切削被切试件吸收能量。
上述气压驱动可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的吸能结构采用的是压溃变形，在吸能结构变形前虽然隐藏在外壳内部不占用外部空间，但是吸能结构压溃变形后会有残余变形，不能充分利用变形行程。
上述机车车辆切削式吸能装置采用切削吸能，在吸能结构变形前露在吸能装置外部，占用外部空间，但是变形后刀杆会侵入吸能装置内部，因此结构没有残余变形，充分利用了变形行程。
还有的吸能结构采用压溃式变形，在变形前占据前方空间，在变形后有残余变形。
因此，本发明提供了一种伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，吸能元件平时隐藏在吸能装置内部，不占用外部空间，在发生碰撞时，迅速伸出的吸能结构采用切削式吸能，并能够全部退回到吸能装置内部，不产生残余变形，全部利用了有效变形行程。
发明内容
为了提升轨道车辆的被动安全性和外形美观，本发明提供了一种专门用于轨道车辆发生 碰撞时的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞切削吸能装置，该装置在列车正常运行时隐藏在车辆的内部，不影响车辆的外形美观，当车辆发生碰撞时，该吸能装置的吸能结构能够迅速伸出吸收能量，且吸能结构的在碰撞时没有残余变形，能充分利用变形行程。
现有的机车车辆上多采用固定在车辆外端的压溃式吸能结构，影响了车辆的美观，伸出太长时会影响到车辆的曲线通过性能，因此结构自身长度受到制约，若再采用压溃式的吸能结构产生残余变形，将会影响到结构的吸能能力。虽然有伸缩式的吸能结构，在平时不影响车辆的美观，但其也采用压溃式吸能结构，会留有残余变形，影响到了整个结构的吸能能力。本发明提出的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞切削吸能装置，其吸能结构平时隐藏在车辆的内部，不影响车辆的美观，在碰撞时，既能够伸出足够的长度，且没有残余变形，充分利用了它的变形行程，有效提高了结构的吸能能力。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
一种伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，包括第一管件、可在第一管件内部伸缩的第二管件；所述第一管件上安装有可用于切削第二管件外壁的切削机构；所述吸能装置包括一伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构穿过所述第一管件与所述第二管件连接；
所述吸能装置在非工作状态时，所述伸缩机构拉动所述第二管件缩回到第一管件内部；在车辆发生碰撞前状态时，所述伸缩机构在高压空气作用下推动第二管件向外弹出，所述切削机构在弹簧力的作用下压在所述第二管件的定位槽上，当所述第二管件受到外力向所述第一管件内退缩时，所述切削机构切削第二管件吸收能量，从而吸能圆管在发生碰撞损毁后，修复时仅更换吸能结构，不需要更换整个装置，该吸能结构能够在承受一定垂向或横向力时能产生稳定的纵向变形，并沿着导向筒纵向移动。
优选的，所述伸缩机构采用双作用式气缸驱动、双作用式液压缸驱动或者采用电机带动齿条形式驱动。
所述伸缩机构采用双作用式气缸驱动时，所述伸缩机构包括双作用式气缸、双作用式电磁阀、储气罐和控制器；在所述非工作状态时，所述控制器触发双作用式电磁阀的2位端，使储气罐中的高压空气通过气路给双作用式气缸的2位端充气，使双作用式气缸为拉力状态，拉动所述第二管件缩回到第一管件内部；在车辆发生碰撞前的状态时，所述控制器触发双作用式电磁阀的1位端，使储气罐中的高压空气通过气路给双作用式气缸的1位端充气，所述双作用式气缸在高压空气作用下推动第二管件向外弹出。
优选的，所述切削机构包括刀具和刀具座；在所述非工作状态时，所述切削机构是通过刀具压在所述第二管件的外壁上；在车辆发生碰撞前状态时，安装在刀具座上的刀具能够转动并脱离第二管件，使刀具在弹簧力的作用下重新压在向外弹出的第二管件的定位槽上。
优选的，所述切削机构还包括刀具固定块、螺栓、扭力弹簧和销，所述刀具与刀具固定块通过销连接，刀具固定块的销孔一侧开有沉孔，所述扭力弹簧套在销上，扭力弹簧一端与刀具连接，一端与刀具固定块连接，所述刀具通过扭力弹簧的弹簧力压在第二管件上；所述刀具固定块通过螺栓固定在刀具座上。
优选的，通过使用拉环或使用刀具下的气缸顶起使所述刀具转动并脱离第二管件；所述拉环安装在刀具上，通过拉环拉动刀具可使刀具和第二管件分离，刀具座上的刀具能够转动并脱离吸能结构，在发生损毁时能够更换。
优选的，所述第一管件包括导向筒，所述导向筒为一空心圆管，所述导向筒的一端设置第一凸缘部，并通过该第一凸缘部固接在刀具座上，另一端通过紧固件连接在吸能装置的底座上。
优选的，所述第二管件的内端设置有第二凸缘部，所述刀具座上设置有套接在所述第一管件内的第三凸缘部，所述第二凸缘部与所述第一管件内壁间隙配合，并通过所述第三凸缘部限位。
优选的，所述第二管件的外端设有防爬齿，其内端套接在所述第一管件的内腔中，所述定位槽开设在第二管件内的外壁上。
进一步的，一种轨道车辆，其上装设有上述任一方案所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，所述吸能装置安装在由自身的高压空气驱动的轨道车辆上或者安装在其他需要吸能的需要额外提供高压空气的工具上；所述吸能装置由轨道车辆上安装的传感器来实现其自动控制或采用手动控制。
作为上述一种轨道车辆的优选方式，所述吸能装置设有两套，且两套吸能装置分别安装在轨道车辆端部的两侧。
本发明的有益效果是，伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置在不发生作用时隐藏在车体的内部，不影响车辆的整体美观；在发生碰撞的时候吸能能够迅速伸出，并发生大变形吸收能量，能够充分利用结构的变形行程吸收能量，保护车辆及乘客安全，当结构受到误触发时，还能够缩回到车辆的内部。同时该装置结构简单，损坏后更换方便，并能够实现自动控制。
附图说明
下面将参照附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是本发明刀具结构安装示意图。
图3是本发明的俯视图。
图4是图3中沿A—A向的剖视图。
图5是本发明在非工作状态下的原理示意图。
图6是本发明在工作状态下的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行完整的描述。所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
一种伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，由单独作用的两套机构组成，分别安装在车辆端部的两侧。如图1和图2所示，所述吸能装置机械结构由防爬齿1、吸能圆管2、拉环3、刀具4、刀具固定块5、安装座6、刀具座7、导向筒8、双作用式气缸9、后座10、螺栓11、扭力弹簧12和销13组成。所述吸能装置通过安装座6安装在车体上，安装座6通过螺栓固定在车体上，可以根据不同类型的车体结构单独制作，也可以在车辆制造的时候预先安装在车辆上。双作用式气缸9的底座用螺栓固定在车体上，双作用式气缸9也可以为双作用式液压缸，或者采用电机带动齿条形式驱动。
刀具4与刀具固定块5通过销13连接，刀具固定块5销孔一侧开有沉孔，扭力弹簧12套在销13上，扭力弹簧12一端与刀具4连接，一端与刀具固定块5连接。所述刀具安装结构通过螺栓11固定在刀座上，刀具4通过扭力弹簧12的弹簧力紧紧压在吸能圆管2的外壁上。刀具4上安装拉环3，当安装吸能圆管2或双作用式气缸9拉动吸能圆管2到导向筒8内部时，可以通过拉环3拉动刀具4，使吸能圆管2和刀具4分离。也可以在刀具4下安装气缸顶起刀具4使吸能圆管2和刀具4分离，安装在刀具座7上的刀具4能够转动并脱离吸能结构，在发生损毁时能够更换。
结合图3和图4，安装座6通过螺栓16连接刀具座7，导向筒8一端焊接在刀具座7上，另一端通过螺栓17连接底座10。双作用式气缸9活塞端通过销15与防爬齿1连接。吸能圆管2与刀具座7内孔配合，前端安装防爬齿1，后端凸台与导向筒8内部间隙配合，吸能圆管2可以沿纵向移动。吸能圆管2和导向筒8可以是圆形或其他形状，但两者之间采用间隙配合。吸能圆管2上开有定位槽14，与刀具4间隙配合，刀具4可以在吸能圆管2伸出后紧紧压在定位槽14内。吸能圆管2可以是铝材，也可以为钢材。吸能圆管2在发生碰撞损毁后，修复时仅更换吸能结构，不需要更换整个装置。吸能圆管2能够在承受一定垂向或横向力时能产生稳定的纵向变形，并沿着导向筒8纵向移动。
如图5所示，所述吸能装置的控制系统由双作用式电磁阀18、控制器19和储气罐20组 成。在非工作状态时，用车辆上已有的高压空气为源动力，控制器19触发双作用式电磁阀18的2位端，储气罐20中的高压空气通过气路给双作用式气缸9的2位端充气，使双作用式气缸9为拉力状态，拉动吸能圆管2隐藏在导向筒8内部，刀具4压在吸能圆管2的外壁上。
如图6所示，在列车发生碰撞前，控制器19触发双作用式电磁阀18的1位端，储气罐20中的高压空气通过气路给双作用式气缸9的1位端充气，双作用式气缸9在高压空气作用下推动吸能圆管2向外弹出，刀具4在扭力弹簧12的作用下压在吸能圆管2的定位槽14上，当吸能圆管2受到外力向导向筒8内退缩时，刀具4切削吸能圆管2吸收碰撞动量。吸能圆管2在受到外部压力作用时，双作用气缸9的2位端内没有空气压力。吸能圆管2伸出后若没有受到撞击作用，可以通过拉动刀具4使吸能圆管2和刀具4分离，双作用式气缸9拉动吸能圆管到导向筒8内部。
所述吸能装置可以安装在轨道车辆上，由车辆自身的高压空气驱动，也可以安装在其他需要吸能的工具上，但需要额外提供高压空气。
所述吸能装置可以有车辆上安装的传感器来实现整个结构的自动控制，也可以采用手动控制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，包括第一管件、可在第一管件内部伸缩的第二管件；所述第一管件上安装有可用于切削第二管件外壁的切削机构；其特征在于，所述吸能装置包括一伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构穿过所述第一管件与所述第二管件连接；
    所述吸能装置在非工作状态时，所述伸缩机构拉动所述第二管件缩回到第一管件内部；在车辆发生碰撞前状态时，所述伸缩机构在高压空气作用下推动第二管件向外弹出，所述切削机构在弹簧力的作用下压在所述第二管件的定位槽上，当所述第二管件受到外力向所述第一管件内退缩时，所述切削机构切削第二管件吸收能量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，其特征在于，所述伸缩机构采用双作用式气缸驱动、双作用式液压缸驱动或者采用电机带动齿条形式驱动；
    所述伸缩机构采用双作用式气缸驱动时，所述伸缩机构包括双作用式气缸、双作用式电磁阀、储气罐和控制器；在所述非工作状态时，所述控制器触发双作用式电磁阀的2位端，使储气罐中的高压空气通过气路给双作用式气缸的2位端充气，使双作用式气缸为拉力状态，拉动所述第二管件缩回到第一管件内部；在车辆发生碰撞前的状态时，所述控制器触发双作用式电磁阀的1位端，使储气罐中的高压空气通过气路给双作用式气缸的1位端充气，所述双作用式气缸在高压空气作用下推动第二管件向外弹出。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，其特征在于，所述切削机构包括刀具和刀具座；在所述非工作状态时，所述切削机构通过刀具压在所述第二管件的外壁上；在车辆发生碰撞前状态时，安装在刀具座上的刀具能够转动并脱离第二管件，使刀具在弹簧力的作用下重新压在向外弹出的第二管件的定位槽上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，其特征在于，所述切削机构还包括刀具固定块、螺栓、扭力弹簧和销，所述刀具与刀具固定块通过销连接，刀具固定块的销孔一侧开有沉孔，所述扭力弹簧套在销上，扭力弹簧一端与刀具连接，一端与刀具固定块连接，所述刀具通过扭力弹簧的弹簧力压在第二管件上；所述刀具固定块通过螺栓固定在刀具座上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，其特征在于，通过使用拉环或使用刀具下的气缸顶起使所述刀具转动并脱离第二管件；所述拉环安装在刀具上，通过拉环拉动刀具可使刀具和第二管件分离。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，其特征在于，所述第一管件包括导向筒，所述导向筒为一空心圆管，所述导向筒的一端设置第一凸缘部，并通过该第一凸缘部固接在刀具座上，另一端通过紧固件连接在吸能装置的底座上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，其特征在于，所述第二管件的 内端设置有第二凸缘部，所述刀具座上设置有套接在所述第一管件内的第三凸缘部，所述第二凸缘部与所述第一管件内壁间隙配合，并通过所述第三凸缘部限位。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，其特征在于，所述第二管件的外端设有防爬齿，其内端套接在所述第一管件的内腔中，所述定位槽开设在第二管件内端的外壁上。
  9. 一种轨道车辆，其特征在于，其上装设有权利要求1-8中任一项所述的伸缩式轨道车辆碰撞吸能装置，所述吸能装置安装在由自身的高压空气驱动的轨道车辆上或者安装在其他需要吸能的需要额外提供高压空气的工具上；所述吸能装置由轨道车辆上安装的传感器来实现其自动控制或采用手动控制。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的轨道车辆，其特征在于，所述吸能装置设有两套，且两套吸能装置分别安装在轨道车辆端部的两侧。
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CN105292164B (zh) 2017-11-14
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