WO2017063315A1 - 轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置及轨道车辆转向架 - Google Patents

轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置及轨道车辆转向架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017063315A1
WO2017063315A1 PCT/CN2016/071194 CN2016071194W WO2017063315A1 WO 2017063315 A1 WO2017063315 A1 WO 2017063315A1 CN 2016071194 W CN2016071194 W CN 2016071194W WO 2017063315 A1 WO2017063315 A1 WO 2017063315A1
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Prior art keywords
derailing
bogie
slide
rail vehicle
derailment
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PCT/CN2016/071194
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高广军
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中南大学
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Application filed by 中南大学 filed Critical 中南大学
Priority to EP16852875.0A priority Critical patent/EP3196093B1/en
Priority to US15/522,919 priority patent/US10435045B2/en
Publication of WO2017063315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017063315A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F9/00—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit equipment, and in particular relates to a mechanical device capable of preventing a rail vehicle bogie from derailing accident during operation.
  • the bogie without the anti-derailment device is only used to prevent the bogie from derailing by relying on the wheel rim itself. Due to fewer constraint points, the anti-derailment capability is weak.
  • the Chinese patent publication No. CN204548142U discloses a rail vehicle and a derailment safety protection device.
  • the basic principle of the device is to allow the safety guard to contact the outside of the rail after the wheel pair and the rail are separated, thereby avoiding the entire bogie from being disconnected from the line.
  • the safety guard allows the wheel set to be separated from the track, and then the device avoids excessive lateral movement of the vehicle, the function of which only works after the vehicle has derailed.
  • the bogie without the above-mentioned anti-derailment device cannot effectively limit the derailment accident such as the climbing rail. When the wheel pair and the track are separated, the lateral vibration of the vehicle is large.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and shortcomings mentioned in the above background art, and to provide a rail vehicle bogie anti-derailing device and a derailed rail vehicle bogie, which can avoid the rail vehicle bogie running Derailment occurs in particular, which can avoid the derailment that may occur after the wheel has been crawled, thus improving train safety and transportation efficiency.
  • the technical solution proposed by the present invention is a rail vehicle bogie anti-derailing device, and the anti-derailing device includes at least one mounting seat mounted on the bottom of the rail vehicle bogie, and the mounting seat is provided with a direction An anti-derailment slide extending from the ground track; the lateral positioning of the anti-off-track slide on the bogie and the extension length in the vertical direction (ie, the vertical length) are set to simultaneously satisfy the following requirements, namely:
  • the anti-derailing slide plate acts on the ground track (ie, in contact with the inside of the track) to form a lateral limit node to limit the degree of freedom of the rail vehicle (eg, the bogie system).
  • the degrees of freedom generally include lateral freedom of movement and degree of freedom of the head) so that they are still constrained by the ground track.
  • the anti-derailment slide will force the wheeled pair to automatically center and return from the climbed state to the home position.
  • the above technical solution of the present invention is based on the idea that when the wheel pair is crawled, the rail vehicle bogie is off.
  • the anti-derailment device will be in contact with the inner side of the track, and the lateral displacement of the wheeled pair is limited by the rigidity of the bogie and the stability of the triangular system formed by the anti-derailment device and the wheel contact. Automatically center the wheeled pair of wheels and return to the original position from the climbing state to avoid derailment.
  • the anti-derailment device of the invention not only can effectively prevent the lateral separation between the wheel pair and the track, but also has a protective effect continuously during the running of the train, thereby always preventing the derailment effect.
  • the anti-derailing device comprises a pair of mounts mounted on the bottom of the bogie, the pair of mounts including a first mount located on the left side of the bottom of the bogie and located The second mounting seat on the right side of the bottom of the bogie, and the anti-derailing slide plate is mounted on the first mounting seat and the second mounting seat. More preferably, the first mount and the second mount are symmetrically arranged along a center line of the ground rail.
  • the lateral positioning of the anti-derailment slide is achieved by controlling the lateral distance between the anti-derailment slide and the rim of the wheel pair. More preferably: the anti-derailment slide is on the same line as the rim.
  • the extension length (ie, the vertical length) of the anti-derailment slide in the vertical direction is not less than the rim height of the pair. More preferably, the extension length of the anti-off-track slide in the vertical direction is achieved by controlling the (off-ground) height of the lower surface of the anti-derailment device.
  • the extension length of the anti-derail slide is set to enable the lower surface of the anti-derailment device The height is flush with the rim height.
  • This kind of setting not only ensures that the anti-derailment device always acts when the train is running, but also does not cause the contact between the middle anti-off-track slide and the inner side of the track to fail during the wheel-to-rail collision, and also minimizes the prevention.
  • the derailed slide interferes with the track.
  • the anti-derailing slide plate is provided as a slide plate with an adjustable length.
  • the mounting seat is provided with an elongated slot extending in a vertical direction, and the anti-derailing slide is mounted on the fastener through a fastener that can slide up and down in the sliding slot.
  • the contact surface of the anti-derailment slide and the mounting seat is disposed as a jagged abutting surface that engages with each other.
  • the extension length is adjustable, the height of the lower surface of the anti-off-track slide can be adjusted up and down, so that the skateboard and the infrastructure can be better avoided due to the reduction of the wheel diameter caused by the wheel of the wheel pair (the infrastructure here is mainly Interference occurs in the track; and the adjustability of the anti-off-track slide allows the anti-off-track device to be mounted on the bogie of different vehicles to adjust the lower surface of the anti-off-track slide to the optimum position with the rim.
  • the mounting seat has an L shape, and the L-shaped mounting seat includes a horizontal top surface that can be fixed to the bogie by a fastener such as a bolt. Also including a fastener and the described The vertical side of the anti-off-track slide is fixed.
  • the mounting seat can also be fixed on the bogie by welding, or integrally formed with the bogie side frame and the frame at the time of manufacture, but it is preferably connected by a fastener, so that the replacement after wear is convenient and suitable for different Rail vehicles, and will not fall off the anti-derailment device due to the vibration of the bogie frame or the side frame, thus ensuring good anti-derailment performance.
  • both sides of the lower portion of the anti-derailment slide are provided with a sheltered area.
  • the anti-empty zone is specifically disposed on a side of the anti-off-tracking slide facing the ground track, and the anti-derailing slide plate has a pointed or wedge-shaped shape after the anti-empty zone is disposed, thereby ensuring good anti-derailment device with good aisle performance, Will interfere with the infrastructure.
  • the present invention also provides a rail vehicle bogie for preventing derailment, comprising a bogie and the above-mentioned anti-derailing device of the present invention, each of which is provided with one set of said anti-derailment device on one side of each bogie
  • the upper portion of the anti-derailment device is mounted on the bottom of the bogie, and the lower portion of the anti-derailment device is suspended between the front and rear wheel pairs corresponding to the bogie.
  • the technical solution is also to ensure that the degree of freedom of the bogie system can still be restrained by the track when the bogie is upgraded by adding lateral limit nodes on the side frame or frame of the bogie to avoid the derailment accident.
  • the anti-derailment device is used in a bogie system that is free of axle box springs or axle box springs.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is mainly based on the following principle: the existing bogies are basically four-point contact, and the four points are laterally constrained by the rim, but when one side of the rim is crawled onto the rail due to various external force factors At the same time, the lateral constraint of the rim on one shaft will fail, which may lead to the occurrence of derailment accident; the invention adopts the increase of the lateral limit between the bogie and the track for the case where the lateral restraint is reduced when the rim is ramped.
  • the nodes are designed to add at least one or two lateral limit nodes (lateral restraint points) in the middle of the bogie, so that the number of restraints between the bogie and the track exceeds four (up to six or more)
  • lateral restraint points lateral restraint points
  • the invention has the advantages that the technical solution of the invention can be used to prevent the derailment of the bogie of the rail vehicle, and can greatly improve the anti-derailment performance of the bogie.
  • the device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reliable work, and maintenance-free operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an anti-derailment device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mount of the anti-derailment device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an anti-derailment slide of the anti-derailment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the installation of the anti-derailment device of the present invention on a bogie.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the anti-derailment principle of the anti-derailment device of the present invention in the case of a pair of climbing tracks.
  • An anti-derailment rail vehicle bogie according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 4 includes a bogie 9 and an anti-derailing device 4, the upper portion of the anti-derailing device 4 is mounted on the bottom of the bogie 9, and the lower portion of the anti-derailing device 4 is suspended Between the front and rear two wheel pairs 6 corresponding to the bogie 9.
  • the rail vehicle bogie anti-derailing device 4 of the present invention comprising a pair of mounts 1 mounted on the bottom of the rail vehicle bogie 9, the pair of mounts 1 including the bottom left of the bogie 9
  • the first mounting seat 11 on the side and the second mounting seat 12 on the right side of the bottom of the bogie 9, the first mounting seat 11 and the second mounting seat 12 may preferably be symmetrically arranged along the center line of the ground rail 8 (but this is not required)
  • the first mounting seat 11 and the second mounting seat 12 are respectively provided with an anti-derailing slide plate 2 extending toward the ground rail 8.
  • the mounting seat 1 in this embodiment is an L-shaped, and the L-shaped mounting base 1 includes a horizontal top that can be fixed to the bogie 9 by a fastener 3 (a bolt in this embodiment).
  • the face 13 further includes a fastener 3 (this embodiment is Bolt) A vertical side 14 that is secured to the anti-derail slide 2 .
  • both the anti-off-track slide 2 and the mount 1 are detachable.
  • the anti-derailing slide 2 of the present embodiment is provided as a slide plate of vertical length or height.
  • the mounting seat 1 is provided with an elongated slot 15 extending in a vertical direction, and the anti-derailing slider 2 is mounted on the mounting seat 1 through a fastener 3 that can slide up and down in the sliding slot 15.
  • the contact surface of the anti-derailing slide 2 and the mounting seat 1 is provided as a jagged abutting surface (or other manner with a large coefficient of friction) that engages with each other.
  • Such a structure can realize the up-and-down adjustment of the position of the anti-off-track slide 2, and can also adjust the height of the lower surface 21 of the anti-derail slide 2 (and thus the anti-derailment device 4) by the engagement of the serrations, thereby avoiding the cause of the wheelset 6
  • the anti-derailment slide 2 caused by the reduction in the wheel diameter interferes with the infrastructure such as the ground rail 8.
  • both ends of the lower portion of the anti-derailing slide plate 2 of the present embodiment are provided with a avoidance area 5; the avoidance area 5 is specifically disposed on a side of the anti-derailment slide 2 facing the ground track, and is disposed.
  • the anti-derailing slide 2 behind the avoidance zone 5 has a pointed or wedge shape (equivalent to two chamfers having a larger radius on both sides of the lower portion of the anti-off-track slide 2), so as to ensure that the entire anti-derailment device 4 has good The aisle performance does not interfere with the ground track 8.
  • the lateral positioning of the anti-derailing slide 2 on the bogie 9 and the extension in the vertical direction are set to simultaneously satisfy the following requirements, namely:
  • the anti-derailing slide 2 is located inside the ground rail 8 when the rail vehicle is running normally (see Fig. 4);
  • the anti-off-track slide 2 acts with the ground rail 8 to form a lateral limit node to limit the degree of freedom of the rail vehicle so that it is still constrained by the ground rail 8 (see figure) 5).
  • the lateral positioning of the anti-derail slide 2 of the present embodiment is achieved by controlling the lateral distance between the anti-derail slide 2 and the rim 7 of the wheel set 6.
  • the anti-derail slide 2 is The lateral positioning on the bogie 9 ensures that the anti-derail slide 2 is in the same line as the rim 7 (i.e., the active surface of the anti-derail slide is in the same vertical plane as the rim 7).
  • the extension length of the anti-off-track slide 2 of the present embodiment in the vertical direction is realized by controlling the height (off-ground) of the lower surface 21 of the anti-derailing device (ie, the anti-derail slide 2), and the anti-derail slide 2 of the present embodiment
  • the vertical length ensures that the height of the lower surface 21 of the anti-tracking device (i.e., the anti-off-track slide 2) is flush with the height of the rim 7.
  • the climbing of one wheel pair 6 does not cause the contact between the central anti-derailing slide 2 and the inner side of the ground rail 8 to fail, and can pass through the switch well without interfering with the ground track 8.
  • the anti-off-track slide 2 of the present invention also has sufficient lateral strength to ensure that the anti-derail slide 2 does not undergo large deformation when subjected to lateral force; it does not cause the climb due to excessive lateral deformation of the anti-derail slide 2
  • the wheel pair 6 derailed.
  • the anti-derailment device 4 of the present invention preferably utilizes a lightweight, wear resistant material to ensure that the dynamic performance of the vehicle system is not compromised.
  • the anti-derailing device 4 of the present embodiment is mainly applied to a case where the axle box spring or the axle box spring has a large rigidity, and the working principle when applied is as shown in FIG. 5, and the anti-derailing slide 2 can be on the side of the rail vehicle bogie 9
  • the wheel pair 6 When the wheel pair 6 is crawling, it still contacts the inner side of the ground rail 8, due to the rigidity of the bogie 9 and the contact between the anti-derailing slide 2 and the ground rail 8
  • the triangular system forms a stabilizing mechanism to limit further lateral displacement of the wheeled pair 6 and allows the wheeled pair 6 to have an automatic centering function that will return to the original position from the climbing state, thereby avoiding the occurrence of derailment. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种本发明的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其包括至少一个安装于轨道车辆转向架(9)底部的安装座(1)，安装座(1)上装设有一向地面轨道(8)延伸的防脱轨滑板(2)；防脱轨滑板(2)在安装座(1)上的横向定位以及在垂直方向上的延伸长度同时满足以下要求，即：1)使防脱轨滑板(2)在轨道车辆正常行驶时位于地面轨道(8)的内侧；2)当轨道车辆的至少一个轮对(6)发生爬轨时，防脱轨滑板(2)会与地面轨道(8)作用形成横向限位节点来限制轨道车辆的自由度使其仍受地面轨道(8)的约束。本发明的防脱轨装置能够避免轨道车辆转向架在运行中发生脱轨，尤其能避免轮对发生爬轨后可能发生的脱轨，从而提高列车安全性和运输效率。

Description

轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置及轨道车辆转向架 技术领域
本发明属于轨道交通装备技术领域，尤其涉及一种可防止轨道车辆转向架在运行中发生脱轨事故的机械装置。
背景技术
现在随着列车运行速度和运输效率的提高，若列车发生脱轨将导致线路封闭、列车取消或晚点，因此对转向架的抗脱轨性能要求越来越高，尤其是针对运输较为繁忙的干线铁路。
没有安装防脱轨装置的转向架，只是依靠车轮自身轮缘起到预防转向架脱轨的作用。由于约束点较少，因此防脱轨能力较弱。
公开号为CN204548142U的中国专利文献公开了一种轨道车辆及脱轨安全防护装置，该装置基本原理是允许轮对和钢轨发生分离后，该安全防护装置和轨道外侧接触，避免整个转向架脱离线路，该安全防护装置允许轮对和轨道分离，然后通过该装置避免车辆的横向运动过大，其功能只有在车辆发生脱轨之后才起作用。没有安装前述防脱轨装置的转向架，不能有效限制爬轨等脱轨事故，当轮对和轨道分离后，车辆横向振动较大。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷，提供一种轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置及防脱轨的轨道车辆转向架，该装置能够避免轨道车辆转向架在运行中发生脱轨，尤其能避免轮对发生爬轨后可能发生的脱轨，从而提高列车安全性和运输效率。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为一种轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，所述防脱轨装置包括至少一个安装于轨道车辆转向架底部的安装座，所述安装座上装设有一向地面轨道延伸的防脱轨滑板；所述防脱轨滑板在转向架上的横向定位以及在垂直方向上的延伸长度(即垂向长度)设置成同时满足以下要求，即：
1)使防脱轨滑板在轨道车辆正常行驶时一直位于地面轨道的内侧；
2)当轨道车辆的至少一个轮对发生爬轨时，所述防脱轨滑板会与地面轨道作用(即与轨道内侧接触)形成横向限位节点来限制轨道车辆(例如转向架系统)的自由度(所述自由度一般包括横向移动自由度和摇头自由度)使其仍受地面轨道的约束。在这种约束状态下，防脱轨滑板会迫使已爬轨的轮对自动对中，从爬轨状态恢复到原位。
上述本发明的技术方案是基于以下构思，即：当轮对发生爬轨以致轨道车辆转向架有脱 轨趋势时，防脱轨装置会与轨道内侧接触，借由转向架的刚性以及防脱轨装置和轮对接触共同构成的三角形系统的稳定性，以此限制爬轨的轮对进一步的横向位移，并使爬轨的轮对自动对中，从爬轨状态恢复到原位，避免脱轨的发生。本发明的防脱轨装置不仅能有效防止轮对和轨道之间的横向分离，而且在列车运行过程中会持续发生防护作用，从而一直起到防脱轨的效果。
上述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置中，优选的：所述防脱轨装置包括安装于转向架底部的一对安装座，该一对安装座包括位于转向架底部左侧的第一安装座和位于转向架底部右侧的第二安装座，且第一安装座和第二安装座上均装设有所述的防脱轨滑板。更优选的：所述第一安装座和第二安装座沿地面轨道的中线呈对称布置。当采用此优选方案时，可以实现轨道车辆在两侧的同时防护，从而保证列车正反向运行、左右侧脱轨时均能有效预防。
上述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置中，优选的：所述防脱轨滑板的横向定位是通过控制防脱轨滑板与所述轮对的轮缘的横向距离来实现。更优选的：所述防脱轨滑板与所述轮缘处在同一条直线上。当横向定位满足前述要求时，不仅能尽最大程度减小防脱轨滑板与轨道内侧的干涉，而且可以在轮对一发生爬轨时就触发防脱轨装置，尽最大程度地减小脱轨事故的发生。
上述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置中，优选的：所述防脱轨滑板在垂直方向上的延伸长度(即垂向长度)不小于轮对的轮缘高度。更优选的，所述防脱轨滑板在垂直方向上的延伸长度是通过控制防脱轨装置的下表面的(离地)高度来实现。当然，当在安装座上的横向定位保证所述防脱轨滑板与所述轮缘处在同一条直线上时，更优选的方式是使防脱轨滑板的延伸长度设置能使得防脱轨装置的下表面的高度与所述轮缘高度齐平。这样的设置不仅能保证在列车运行的时候防脱轨装置一直在发生作用，而且在一个轮对爬轨的同时不会导致中部的防脱轨滑板与轨道内侧的接触失效，还能尽可能减小防脱轨滑板与轨道干涉。
上述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置中，优选的：所述防脱轨滑板设置为一延伸长度可调的滑板。更优选、更紧凑的设置方式是：所述安装座上开设有沿竖直方向延伸的长条形滑槽，所述防脱轨滑板通过可在滑槽内上下滑动的紧固件装设于安装座上；所述防脱轨滑板与安装座的接触面设置为相互啮合的锯齿状对接面。由于延伸长度可调，即防脱轨滑板的下表面高度能上下调整，从而可以更好地避免因为轮对的镟轮造成轮径减小而导致所述滑板和基础设施(此处的基础设施主要指轨道)发生干涉；而且，防脱轨滑板的可调节性还可使防脱轨装置安装在不同车辆的转向架上以调节防脱轨滑板的下表面与轮缘保持在最佳位置。
上述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置中，优选的：所述安装座为一L形，且L形的安装座包括一可通过紧固件(例如螺栓)与转向架固接的水平顶面，还包括一可通过紧固件与所述 防脱轨滑板固接的竖直侧面。当然，所述安装座也可采用焊接方式固定在转向架上，或者与转向架侧架、构架在制造时一体成型，但优选采用紧固件连接，这样便于磨耗后的更换以及适用于不同的轨道车辆，而且不会因为转向架构架或侧架的振动而导致防脱轨装置的脱落，从而保证良好的防脱轨性能。
上述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置中，优选的：所述防脱轨滑板下部的两侧设有避空区。该避空区具体是设置在防脱轨滑板朝向地面轨道内的一侧，设置避空区后的防脱轨滑板呈一尖形或楔形形状，从而保证整个防脱轨装置具有良好的过道岔性能，不会和基础设施发生干涉。
作为一个总的技术构思，本发明还提供一种防脱轨的轨道车辆转向架，包括转向架和上述本发明的防脱轨装置，每个转向架的一侧各安装一套所述的防脱轨装置，所述防脱轨装置的上部安装于转向架的底部，且所述防脱轨装置的下部悬空在转向架对应的前后两个轮对之间。该技术方案同样是通过在转向架侧架或构架上增加横向限位节点来保证转向架一个轮对爬轨时，转向架系统的自由度依然能够受到轨道的约束，从而避免脱轨事故的发生。另外，优选的，所述防脱轨装置是应用在没有轴箱弹簧或轴箱弹簧刚度大的转向架系统中。
上述本发明的技术方案主要基于以下原理：现有的转向架基本都是四点接触，且四点受到轮缘的横向约束，但当一侧的轮缘因各种外力因素作用爬到钢轨上时，在一根轴上的轮缘的横向约束都会发生失效，从而可能导致脱轨事故的发生；针对轮缘爬轨时横向约束减少的情况，本发明采用增加转向架和轨道之间横向限位节点的方式来进行设计，即在转向架的中部增加至少一个或两个横向限位节点(横向约束点)，从而使转向架和轨道之间的约束点超过四个(达到6个或以上)，当转向架的一个轮子爬上钢轨丧失横向约束功能的时候，转向上仍有至少4个点可保持横向约束，从而使整个转向架在轨道上还是沿着轨道运动，轮对此后甚至可通过自身的自动对中功能恢复原来的运行状态，从而避免脱轨事故的发生。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：本发明的技术方案可专用于防止轨道车辆转向架的脱轨，能够大幅度提升转向架的抗脱轨性能。同时，本发明的装置结构简单，造价低廉，工作可靠，且免维护，安装了防脱轨装置的转向架在线路上运行时，会极大降低列车脱轨造成的线路封闭、列车停运、列车救援等损失，极大地提高列车的运行安全性和运输效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明防脱轨装置的结构示意图。
图2是本发明防脱轨装置的安装座结构示意图。
图3是本发明防脱轨装置的防脱轨滑板的结构示意图。
图4是本发明防脱轨装置在转向架上的安装示意图。
图5是本发明防脱轨装置在一轮对爬轨时的防脱轨原理示意图。
图例说明：
1.安装座；11.第一安装座；12.第二安装座；13.水平顶面；14.竖直侧面；15.滑槽；2.防脱轨滑板；21.下表面；3.紧固件；4.防脱轨装置；5.避空区；6.轮对；7.轮缘；8.地面轨道；9、转向架。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本发明作更全面、细致地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体的实施例。
需要特别说明的是，当某一元件被描述为“固定于、固接于、连接于或连通于”另一元件上时，它可以是直接固定、固接、连接或连通在另一元件上，也可以是通过其他中间连接件间接固定、固接、连接或连通在另一元件上。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例：
一种如图4所示本发明的防脱轨的轨道车辆转向架，包括转向架9和防脱轨装置4，防脱轨装置4的上部安装于转向架9的底部，且防脱轨装置4的下部悬空在转向架9对应的前后两个轮对6之间。
图1-图4还示出了本发明的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置4，包括安装于轨道车辆转向架9底部的一对安装座1，该一对安装座1包括位于转向架9底部左侧的第一安装座11和位于转向架9底部右侧的第二安装座12，第一安装座11和第二安装座12可以优选是沿地面轨道8的中线呈对称布置(但这不是必须的)，且第一安装座11和第二安装座12上均装设有一向地面轨道8延伸的防脱轨滑板2。
如图2所示，本实施例中的安装座1为一L形，且L形的安装座1包括一可通过紧固件3(本实施例为螺栓)与转向架9固接的水平顶面13，还包括一可通过紧固件3(本实施例为 螺栓)与防脱轨滑板2固接的竖直侧面14。这样防脱轨滑板2与安装座1均是可拆卸的。
如图2、图3所示，本实施例的防脱轨滑板2设置为一垂向长度或高度可调的滑板。具体的，在安装座1上开设有沿竖直方向延伸的长条形滑槽15，防脱轨滑板2通过可在滑槽15内上下滑动的紧固件3装设于安装座1上。如图2、图3所示，防脱轨滑板2与安装座1的接触面设置为相互啮合的锯齿状对接面(或其他摩擦系数较大的方式)。这样的结构可实现防脱轨滑板2的位置上下可调，还可以通过锯齿的啮合调整防脱轨滑板2(进而调整防脱轨装置4)的下表面21高度，进而避免因为轮对6的镟轮造成轮径减小所导致的防脱轨滑板2与地面轨道8等基础设施发生干涉。
如图1、图3所示，本实施例的防脱轨滑板2下部的两端设有避空区5；该避空区5具体是设置在防脱轨滑板2朝向地面轨道内的一侧，设置避空区5后的防脱轨滑板2呈一尖形或楔形形状(相当于是在防脱轨滑板2下部的两侧设置两个半径较大的倒角)，这样可以保证整个防脱轨装置4具有良好的过道岔性能，不会和地面轨道8发生干涉。
本实施例中，防脱轨滑板2在转向架9上的横向定位以及在垂直方向上的延伸长度设置成同时满足以下要求，即：
1)使防脱轨滑板2在轨道车辆正常行驶时位于地面轨道8的内侧(参见图4)；
2)当轨道车辆的至少一个轮对6发生爬轨时，防脱轨滑板2会与地面轨道8作用形成横向限位节点来限制轨道车辆的自由度使其仍受地面轨道8的约束(参见图5)。
如图4所示，本实施例的防脱轨滑板2的横向定位是通过控制防脱轨滑板2与轮对6的轮缘7的横向距离来实现，具体到本实施例中，防脱轨滑板2在转向架9上的横向定位保证防脱轨滑板2与轮缘7处在同一条直线上(即防脱轨滑板的作用面与轮缘7位于同一垂向平面内)。本实施例的防脱轨滑板2在垂直方向上的延伸长度是通过控制防脱轨装置(即防脱轨滑板2)的下表面21的高度(离地)来实现，本实施例的防脱轨滑板2的垂向长度保证防脱轨装置(即防脱轨滑板2)的下表面21的高度与轮缘7的高度齐平。这样在一个轮对6爬轨的同时不会导致中部防脱轨滑板2与地面轨道8内侧的接触失效，而且能良好通过道岔，不和地面轨道8发生干涉。
当然，本发明中的防脱轨滑板2还要有足够的横向强度，以保证防脱轨滑板2在受到横向力时不会发生大变形；不会因为防脱轨滑板2横向过大的变形导致爬轨的轮对6脱轨。而且，本发明的防脱轨装置4优选采用轻质耐磨材料，以保证不会恶化车辆系统的动力学性能。
本实施例的防脱轨装置4主要应用在没有轴箱弹簧或轴箱弹簧刚度较大的场合，应用时的工作原理如图5所示，防脱轨滑板2能够在轨道车辆转向架9一侧的轮对6发生爬轨时，仍与地面轨道8内侧接触，由于转向架9的刚性以及由防脱轨滑板2与地面轨道8接触构成 的三角形系统形成稳定机制，以此来限制爬轨的轮对6进一步的横向位移，并使得爬轨的轮对6具备自动对中功能，将从爬轨状态恢复原位，从而避免脱轨的发生。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨装置包括至少一个安装于轨道车辆转向架(9)底部的安装座(1)，所述安装座(1)上装设有一向地面轨道(8)延伸的防脱轨滑板(2)；所述防脱轨滑板(2)在转向架(9)上的横向定位以及在垂直方向上的延伸长度设置成同时满足以下要求，即：
    1)使防脱轨滑板(2)在轨道车辆正常行驶时一直位于地面轨道(8)的内侧；
    2)当轨道车辆的至少一个轮对(6)发生爬轨时，所述防脱轨滑板(2)会与地面轨道(8)作用形成横向限位节点来限制轨道车辆的自由度使其仍受地面轨道(8)的约束。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨装置包括安装于转向架(9)底部的一对安装座(1)，该一对安装座(1)包括位于转向架(9)底部左侧的第一安装座(11)和位于转向架(9)底部右侧的第二安装座(12)，且第一安装座(11)和第二安装座(12)上均装设有所述的防脱轨滑板(2)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨滑板(2)的横向定位是通过控制防脱轨滑板(2)与所述轮对(6)的轮缘(7)的横向距离来实现。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨滑板(2)与所述轮缘(7)处在同一条直线上。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨滑板(2)在垂直方向上的延伸长度不小于轮对(6)的轮缘高度。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨滑板(2)在垂直方向上的延伸长度是通过控制防脱轨装置的下表面(21)的高度来实现，且所述防脱轨滑板(2)的延伸长度设置使得防脱轨装置的下表面(21)的高度与所述轮缘高度齐平。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨滑板(2)设置为一延伸长度可调的滑板；所述安装座(1)上开设有沿竖直方向延伸的长条形滑槽(15)，所述防脱轨滑板(2)通过可在滑槽(15)内上下滑动的紧固件装设于安装座(1)上；所述防脱轨滑板(2)与安装座(1)的接触面设置为相互啮合的锯齿状对接面。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述安装座(1)为一L形，且L形的安装座(1)包括一可通过紧固件与转向架(9)固接的水平顶面(13)，还包括一可通过紧固件与所述防脱轨滑板(2)固接的竖直侧面(14)。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的轨道车辆转向架防脱轨装置，其特征在于：所述防脱轨滑板(2)下部的两侧设有避空区(5)；该避空区(5)具体是设置在防脱轨滑板(2)朝向地面轨道内的一侧，设置避空区(5)后的防脱轨滑板(2)呈一尖形或楔形形状。
  10. 一种防脱轨的轨道车辆转向架，包括转向架(9)和权利要求1-9中任一项所述的防脱轨装置，每个转向架(9)的一侧各安装一套所述的防脱轨装置，所述防脱轨装置的上部安装于转向架(9)的底部，且所述防脱轨装置的下部悬空在转向架(9)对应的前后两个轮对(6)之间，且所述转向架(9)上没有设置轴箱弹簧或设有刚度较大的轴箱弹簧。
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CN116084323B (zh) 2023-03-07 2023-07-04 西南交通大学 一种高速列车脱轨阻拦系统及其结构设计方法

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