WO2017061454A1 - スイッチ素子、電子部品、バッテリシステム - Google Patents
スイッチ素子、電子部品、バッテリシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017061454A1 WO2017061454A1 PCT/JP2016/079595 JP2016079595W WO2017061454A1 WO 2017061454 A1 WO2017061454 A1 WO 2017061454A1 JP 2016079595 W JP2016079595 W JP 2016079595W WO 2017061454 A1 WO2017061454 A1 WO 2017061454A1
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- switch element
- conductor
- liquid
- element according
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/18—Switches operated by change of liquid level or of liquid density, e.g. float switch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
- H01H29/02—Details
- H01H29/04—Contacts; Containers for liquid contacts
- H01H29/06—Liquid contacts characterised by the material thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/42—Switches operated by change of humidity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/0039—Means for influencing the rupture process of the fusible element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switch element that opens an electric circuit in response to liquid intrusion, an electronic component incorporating the switch element, and a battery system.
- a battery pack In recent years, lithium ion secondary batteries have been adopted in many mobile phones, notebook PCs, and the like. Lithium ion secondary batteries have a high energy density, so in order to ensure the safety of users and electronic devices, a battery pack generally includes a number of protection circuits such as overcharge protection and overdischarge protection. In this case, the battery pack has a function of interrupting input / output of the battery pack.
- the positive / negative electrode insulation fitting portion of the battery corrodes due to water wetting, the pressure inside the battery leaks, and there is a risk of causing a fire accident without the safety valve functioning properly.
- Attaching a sticker that detects wet traces against water wetting and issuing a warning does not limit the use of the battery, so migration due to water on the circuit board There is a risk of circuit malfunction due to (insulation deterioration) or a short circuit. Moreover, there is a possibility that the same defect as described above may occur even when the electrolyte leaks due to battery abnormality.
- a sensor that detects a liquid such as water is provided, and a protection circuit is activated by a signal transmitted from the sensor that detects water wetting.
- a water leak sensor has been proposed that includes a detection unit composed of a pair of electrodes arranged opposite to each other on an insulating substrate (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- this water leak sensor when the electrodes of the detection unit become wet, a signal is input to the control circuit due to leakage between the terminal units, and the operation of the device is controlled.
- this water wetting sensor has an operating condition for the inflow of liquid to the detection unit. It is also necessary to ensure the reliability as a sensor by preventing malfunctions except in a wet state where it is not necessary to operate the circuit.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of such conventional circumstances, and incorporates a switch element that can safely open an electric circuit against abnormalities such as water wetting and liquid leakage from a battery.
- An object is to provide an electronic component and a battery system.
- a switching element according to the present invention is connected to an external circuit, and is disposed close to the first conductor having a relatively large ionization tendency and the first conductor, A second conductor having a smaller ionization tendency than the first conductor, and the first conductor is eroded by the liquid between the first and second conductors. A reaction part is formed.
- an electronic component according to the present invention has an external connection terminal connected to an external circuit, is disposed in the vicinity of the external connection terminal, and a conductor having a smaller ionization tendency than the external connection terminal.
- maintains a liquid between the said external connection terminal and the said conductor and carries out the electrolytic corrosion of the said external connection terminal is formed.
- a battery system includes a battery and a conductor that is disposed in proximity to the terminal of the battery and has a relatively lower ionization tendency than the terminal, and is provided between the terminal and the conductor.
- a reaction portion is formed that retains the liquid and causes the terminal to galvanize.
- the electrical resistance of the first conductor increases due to the galvanic action, and the rated current value decreases.
- the circuit can be opened.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a switch element to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the fuse element before electrolytic corrosion.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a fuse element connected as a positive electrode and an electrode connected as a negative electrode.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing the fuse element after electrolytic corrosion.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a switch element including a first terminal and a second terminal for energizing the fuse element, and a third terminal connected with the electrode as a negative electrode.
- FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing a reaction portion of a fuse element and an electrode each having a through hole, and FIG.
- FIG. 6B is a reaction portion formed using the fuse element and an electrode having a through hole. It is a perspective view shown.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a reaction portion provided with a separator between the fuse element and the electrode.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a reaction unit in which a plurality of fuse elements are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval and electrodes are arranged between the fuse elements.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of a reaction unit in which a plurality of fuse elements are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval, and the number of electrodes is one more than the number of fuse elements, and the reaction elements are superimposed on both sides of each fuse element. It is a perspective view.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of a reaction unit in which a plurality of fuse elements are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval, and the number of electrodes is one more than the number of fuse elements, and the reaction elements are superimposed on both sides of each fuse element. It is
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the reaction unit in which the fuse element and the electrode are arranged adjacent to each other, the fuse element and the electrode are face-to-face in the reaction unit, and the interval is relatively narrowed.
- ) Is a perspective view
- (B) is a plan view
- (C) is a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the reaction unit in which the fuse element and the electrode are arranged adjacent to each other, the electrode tip is linearly opposed to the fuse element in the reaction unit, and the interval is relatively narrowed.
- (A) is a perspective view
- (B) is a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a reaction portion in which a fuse element and an electrode are opposed to each other on a plurality of surfaces
- FIG. 12A is a configuration in which a curved portion surrounding both sides of the electrode and the bottom surface is formed on the fuse element.
- (B) shows a configuration in which a bent portion is formed on the fuse element so as to surround the both sides of the electrode and the bottom surface.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a reaction portion in which a coating layer made of a liquid-soluble material is formed on one surface facing an electrode fuse element.
- FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a switch element in which a water repellent treatment part is provided in a place other than the reaction part and its vicinity of the insulating substrate, and a water-absorbing heat generating material is provided in the vicinity of the reaction part.
- 15A and 15B are perspective views showing a casing of the switch element, in which FIG. 15A shows a state in which an inlet is formed on the top surface, FIG. 15B shows a state in which a plurality of inlets are formed on the top surface, and FIG. ) Shows a state where inlets are formed on the top and side surfaces, and (D) shows a state where a plurality of inlets are formed on the top and side surfaces.
- FIG. 15A shows a state in which an inlet is formed on the top surface
- FIG. 15B shows a state in which a plurality of inlets are formed on the top surface
- FIG. ) Shows a state where inlets are formed on the top and side surfaces
- (D) shows a state
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a switch element using a cylindrical casing.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a switch element using a housing in which a discharge port is formed.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a switch element in which a discharge port is provided at the same height as the position where the reaction part is provided.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a switch element using a housing in which a slit-shaped inlet and a slit-shaped outlet are formed.
- 20A and 20B are diagrams showing a switch element using a casing in which an introduction groove is formed.
- FIG. 20A is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 20B is an external perspective view.
- FIG. 21A and 21B are diagrams showing a switch element using a casing in which a plurality of introduction ports and introduction grooves are formed.
- FIG. 21A is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 21B is an external perspective view.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a switch element using a housing in which an introduction groove that gradually narrows toward the inside where the reaction portion is provided.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a switch element using a casing in which an introduction port is formed at a height corresponding to the position of the conductor and the reaction part.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a switch element using a casing in which a water repellent treatment part is formed in a place other than the reaction part.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a switch element provided with a storage part that stores liquid at a position corresponding to the reaction part.
- FIG. 26 is a perspective view showing a switch element using a casing whose introduction port is sealed with a water-soluble insulating material.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a switch element in which the introduction groove is sealed with a water-soluble insulating material.
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view showing an electronic component using a switch element to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a battery system using a switch element to which the present invention is applied.
- 30A and 30B are schematic configuration diagrams showing a battery using a switch element to which the present invention is applied, in which FIG. 30A is a plan view and FIG. 30B is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 31 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a battery system using a switch element to which the
- the switch element to which the present invention is applied is incorporated in an external circuit such as a battery circuit, and shuts off the battery circuit or the like when a wet state such as submergence or liquid leakage occurs.
- the switch element 1 is connected to an external circuit, and is disposed close to the first conductor 2 having a relatively large ionization tendency, and the first conductor 2.
- a second conductor 3 having a smaller ionization tendency than the body 2, and the liquid that has entered the element is collected between the first and second conductors 2, 3, and the first conductor
- a reaction part 5 for electrically corroding the body 2 is formed.
- the switch element 1 may include a housing 6 in which the first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction unit 5 are disposed. The housing 6 introduces liquid into the reaction unit 5. A mouth 7 is formed.
- the first conductor 2 is a connection terminal connected to a terminal portion provided in an external circuit in which the switch element 1 is incorporated.
- the first conductor 2 is formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape and is disposed in the casing 6 of the switch element 1.
- a fuse element mounted between a pair of electrode terminals on a built-in insulating substrate can be used.
- the first conductor 2 may be, for example, a pattern electrode formed on an insulating substrate built in the casing 6 of the switch element 1, a metal plate, a lead wire, or the like.
- the switch element 1 has a connection end of the first conductor 2 drawn out of the housing 6 through a pair of electrode terminals, and can be connected to a terminal portion of an external circuit. Further, the switch element 1 is electrically connected to the first conductor 2 in a normal state. When the liquid comes into contact with the reaction part 5, the switch element 1 is melted by the action of the reaction part 5 and opens the external circuit.
- the second conductor 3 is, for example, an electrode formed in a rectangular plate shape like the first conductor 2, and is disposed in close proximity to the first conductor 2.
- the first and second conductors 2 and 3 are arranged close to each other, thereby forming a reaction portion 5 that collects liquid that has entered the element and erodes the first conductor 2.
- the second conductor 3 is made of a material having a relatively smaller ionization tendency than the first conductor 2.
- reaction part The reaction unit 5 irreversibly blocks the first conductor 2 by coming into contact with the liquid that has entered the housing 6, and the reaction unit 5 varies depending on the form of the first and second conductors 2 and 3. It has a configuration.
- a flat fuse element 11 that is connected to an external circuit in a normal state and is opened when it becomes wet is used.
- an electrode 12 made of a metal having a smaller ionization tendency than the fuse element 11 and disposed opposite to one surface of the central portion of the fuse element 11 is used.
- the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 are arranged in close proximity to each other, so that a reaction portion 5 is formed that causes the fuse element 11 to galvanize when a liquid exists between them.
- a reaction portion 5 is formed that causes the fuse element 11 to galvanize when a liquid exists between them.
- liquid collects between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 when water is wet or liquid leakage from the battery occurs, and the fuse element 11 is eroded.
- the electrical resistance increases and the rated current value decreases, so that the electrical circuit can be safely opened by self-interruption by the energization current to the fuse element 11.
- the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 are close to each other so that water can enter, and the distance is preferably 0.01 mm to 10 mm.
- the distance to the electrode 12 is more preferably 0.01 to 1 mm.
- the fuse element 11 has a predetermined rated current value and blows when a current exceeding the rated current value is energized.
- the fuse element 11 is preferably composed mainly of any one selected from aluminum, iron, nickel, tin, and lead.
- the main component refers to a component that is 50 wt% or more based on the total mass of the material.
- the electrode 12 is disposed to face one surface of the central portion of the fuse element 11. Note that the electrode 12 may be disposed opposite to both surfaces of the center portion of the fuse element 11 so that the amount of the material that is electrically eroded by the fuse element 11 is increased.
- the electrode 12 is made of a metal having a smaller ionization tendency than the fuse element, and it is preferable that any one selected from gold, platinum, silver, copper and palladium is a main component.
- the fuse element 11 made of a base metal is ionized (corroded) as a positive electrode, and the fuse element 11 is thinned or a pinhole is generated.
- the conductor resistance of the fuse element 11 increases, and the rated current value can be decreased.
- the fuse element 11 is connected as a positive electrode and the electrode 12 is connected as a negative electrode. Thereby, the electrolytic corrosion reaction can be promoted, and the rated current value of the fuse element 11 can be quickly reduced.
- the switch element 1 is composed of a fuse element 11 connected in series to a DC power source as a positive electrode and a metal that is arranged close to the fuse element 11 and has a lower ionization tendency than the fuse element 11 and is connected as a negative electrode.
- blocking circuit provided with the electrode 12 which becomes is comprised.
- the switch element 1 includes a first terminal 11a and a second terminal 11b for energizing the fuse element 11, and a third terminal 12a connected with the electrode 12 as a negative electrode.
- the first terminal and the second terminal are connected in series to the positive current path, and the third terminal is connected to the negative electrode or grounded.
- FIG. 3 and 4 are perspective views schematically showing fuse elements before and after electrolytic corrosion, respectively.
- the fuse element 11 before electrolytic corrosion maintains a short shape.
- the fuse element 11 made of a base metal is ionized (corroded) as a positive electrode as shown in FIG. May occur.
- the conductor resistance of the fuse element 11 increases, and the rated current value decreases.
- heat and electrolyte between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 may evaporate due to heat generation due to an increase in the conductor resistance, the rated current value is reduced, so that the self-current due to the energizing current to the fuse element 11 decreases. It can be shut off and the external circuit can be opened safely.
- the reaction part 5 may provide one or several through-holes, a recessed part, or a convex part in one or both of the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12.
- FIG. FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective views showing the reaction portion 5 in which the through-hole 13 is formed in the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 as an example.
- the switch element 1 can preferentially introduce and hold the liquid that has flowed into the housing 6 into the reaction unit 5, and the amount of liquid retained by the through holes 13 increases the fuse element.
- the contact area between the electrode 11 and the electrode 12 is increased, and the electroerosion action of the fuse element 11 can be promoted.
- the melt sectional area is reduced by forming the through hole 13 in the fuse element 11, the fuse element 11 can be blown more quickly.
- the switch element 1 can preferentially introduce and hold the liquid that has flowed into the housing 6 into the reaction portion 5. By increasing the amount of liquid retained, the contact area between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 increases, and the electrolytic corrosion action of the fuse element 11 can be promoted.
- the separator 14 preferably has a mesh shape or a porous shape. Thereby, the separator 14 can secure liquid collecting properties and water retention properties that collect and hold liquid such as water and electrolytic solution between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12.
- the separator 14 is preferably made of an insulator. Thereby, the separator 14 can suppress a direct short circuit between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12.
- the separator 14 preferably supports an electrolyte such as NaCl. Thereby, the electrical conductivity of water and electrolyte solution can be improved, and electric corrosion can be promoted.
- an electrolyte such as NaCl
- the separator 14 may have liquid solubility that dissolves in a liquid such as water or an electrolytic solution.
- the separator 14 preferably has an insulating property in addition to the liquid solubility. Accordingly, the separator 14 ensures a clearance between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 before the liquid enters, prevents a short circuit, dissolves when the liquid enters, and allows more liquid to be removed from the fuse element 11. It can introduce
- liquid-soluble materials include natural polymers such as agar and gelatin, semi-synthetic polymers such as cellulose and starch, and synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol. These shrink or dissolve when contacted with a liquid. In addition, since the property which does not melt
- the liquid-soluble material includes ABS, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, or Saturated polyesters such as PET, PTT, and PEN can be used. Since these liquid-soluble materials also have a high molecular weight, the dissolution rate decreases and the reaction rate may decrease as the switch element 1. Therefore, when priority is given to the reaction rate, it is preferable to adjust the polymerization degree and use it.
- the separator 14 disposed between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 may be a water-absorbing or hygroscopic insulator. Further, an insulator made of sol, gel, or solid may be disposed between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 so that conductivity is exhibited by the liquid. Further, when an electrolyte made of sol or gel enters between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12, the electroerosion action of the fuse element 11 may be exhibited.
- first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction unit 5 are not limited to the configuration example described above.
- a plurality of fuse elements to be the first conductor 2 are arranged in parallel and the second conductor 2
- An electrode serving as the conductor 3 may be disposed between the fuse elements.
- FIG. 8 a plurality of fuse elements 11 formed in a flat plate shape as the first conductor 2 are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval and a flat plate shape serving as the second conductor 3 between the fuse elements 11.
- the reaction unit 5 has a laminated structure in which the fuse elements 11 and the electrodes 12 are alternately laminated three by three. Each fuse element 11 is connected in parallel, and each electrode 12 is also connected in parallel.
- the first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction section 5 have a plurality of fuse elements 11 formed in a flat plate shape and arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval.
- the number of the electrodes 12 formed on the fuse element 11 may be one more than the number of the fuse elements 11, arranged between the fuse elements 11, and overlapped on both sides of each fuse element 11.
- the reaction unit 5 makes the electrode 12 face the both surfaces of each fuse element 11, thereby interposing a liquid between the both surfaces of the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12, thereby further promoting the electrolytic corrosion of the fuse element 11. .
- reaction section 5 may be provided with the above-described one or a plurality of through-holes 13, concave portions, or convex portions in one or both of the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12. .
- the reaction unit 5 may arrange the separator 14 described above between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 in the stacked structure shown in FIGS. Thereby, while suppressing the direct short circuit between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12, the retainability of water and electrolyte solution can be ensured.
- the separator 14 may be a mesh or a porous material, or an insulating material. Further, the separator 14 may carry an electrolyte such as NaCl to improve the electric conductivity of water or an electrolytic solution and promote electric corrosion. Further, as described above, the separator 14 may be a water-absorbing or hygroscopic insulator.
- an insulator made of sol, gel, or solid may be disposed between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 so that conductivity is exhibited by the liquid. Further, when an electrolyte made of sol or gel enters between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12, the electroerosion action of the fuse element 11 may be exhibited.
- the switch element 1 may make the space
- the switch element 1 uses a rectangular plate-like fuse element 11 as the first conductor 2 and a substantially plate-like electrode as the second conductor 3. 12, the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 are disposed adjacent to each other in the housing 6, and the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 are overlapped in the reaction unit 5, so that the interval is relatively narrowed. Has been.
- the electrode 12 has an overlapping portion 12b that protrudes on the fuse element 11 at a substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction.
- the fuse element 11 and the overlapping portion 12 b of the electrode 12 face each other and are arranged close to each other, thereby forming a reaction portion 5 that collects liquid and causes the fuse element 11 to erode.
- the overlapping portion 12b is supported by a support portion 15 provided in the housing 6 or the like so as to face the fuse element 11 and has a predetermined interval at which liquid can enter and hold.
- the distance between the fuse element 11 and the overlapping portion 12b is preferably 0.01 mm to 10 mm.
- the distance between the fuse element 11 and the overlapping portion 12b is 0.01 to 1 mm.
- the switch element 1 has the fuse element 11 and the electrode 2 disposed adjacent to each other, bent the tip portion 12c of the electrode 12, and supported by the support portion 15.
- the tip 12c may be linearly opposed to the surface of the fuse element 11 at a predetermined interval.
- the switch element 1 may have a plurality of surfaces of the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 3 facing each other.
- the switch element 1 uses a substantially rectangular plate-like fuse element 11 as the first conductor 2 and a substantially rod-shaped electrode 12 as the second conductor 3, as shown in FIG.
- the fuse element 11 may be opposed to a plurality of surfaces of the electrode 12 by forming a curved portion 11c that is curved so as to surround both the side surfaces and the bottom surface of the electrode 12.
- the switch element 1 is formed by forming a bent portion 11d in the fuse element 11 that is bent in a rectangular shape so as to surround the three sides of the electrode 12 and both sides.
- the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 may be opposed to each other on a plurality of surfaces.
- the curved portion 11c or the bent portion 11d of the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 are opposed to each other with a predetermined narrowed space, so that liquid can enter and be held.
- the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 are opposed to each other on a plurality of surfaces, so that the switch element 1 has an area for holding a liquid as compared with the configuration facing the one surface, and the fuse element 11 can be further promoted by fusing by electric corrosion.
- reaction part 5 may be made to oppose on the 2nd conductor 3 in multiple surfaces by forming the curved part or bending part surrounding three surfaces, the both sides
- the switch element 1 covers at least one surface of the first and second conductors 2 and 3 constituting the reaction unit 5 with a liquid-soluble material that dissolves by touching a liquid such as water or an electrolytic solution. May be.
- a liquid-soluble material that dissolves by touching a liquid such as water or an electrolytic solution. May be.
- the switch element 1 causes a substantially rectangular plate-like fuse element 11 that becomes the first conductor 2 and a substantially rectangular plate-like electrode 12 that becomes the second conductor 3 to face each other.
- a coat layer 17 made of a liquid-soluble material is formed on one surface of the electrode 12 facing the fuse element 11.
- the switch element 1 ensures a clearance between the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 in a state before the liquid enters, prevents a short circuit, dissolves when the liquid enters, and allows more liquid to be discharged. Can be introduced between the electrode 12 and the electrode 12 to promote the galvanic action.
- liquid-soluble material constituting the coating layer 17 the same material as the separator 14 formed using the liquid-soluble material described above can be used.
- the coat layer 17 made of a liquid-soluble material may be formed on one surface side facing the electrode 12 of the fuse element 11, or may be formed on the surfaces facing the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12, respectively.
- the switch element 1 may be provided with a water-repellent region in a place other than the reaction part 5 or a place other than the reaction part 5 and its vicinity.
- the switch element 1 makes a substantially rectangular plate-like fuse element 11 that becomes the first conductor 2 and a substantially rectangular plate-like electrode 12 that becomes the second conductor 3 face each other.
- the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 are mounted on an insulating substrate 16 disposed in the housing 6.
- the reaction portion 5 where the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 of the insulating substrate 16 are close to each other and the region excluding the vicinity thereof are the water repellent treatment portion 18.
- the water repellent portion 18 can be formed by a known method such as application of a fluorine coating agent or solder paste coating.
- the switch element 1 can guide the liquid that has entered the insulating substrate 16 to the reaction portion 5 that is a non-water-repellent region and the vicinity thereof, and can promote fusing due to electric corrosion of the fuse element 11.
- the switch element 1 may be provided with a water-absorbing heat generating material 19 in the vicinity of the reaction unit 5.
- the switch element 1 has a structure in which the fuse element 11 is disposed on the surface of the insulating substrate 16 shown in FIG.
- the material 19 to be placed is arranged.
- quick lime can be used as the water absorption heat generating material 19.
- the switch element 1 is provided with a water repellent treatment part 18 in a region excluding the reaction part 5 and its vicinity of the insulating substrate 16, and a water-absorbing heat generating material 19 is arranged in the vicinity of the reaction part 5.
- a water repellent treatment part 18 in a region excluding the reaction part 5 and its vicinity of the insulating substrate 16
- a water-absorbing heat generating material 19 is arranged in the vicinity of the reaction part 5.
- either the water repellent portion 18 or the water absorbing heat generating material 19 may be provided.
- the casing 6 of the switch element 1 can be formed of an insulating member such as various engineering plastics and ceramics.
- the switch element 1 is provided as a first conductor 2 while protecting the first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction portion 5 from mechanical disturbances received from the outside by providing a housing 6.
- the fuse element 11 is melted with the occurrence of arc discharge, it is possible to prevent the molten metal from being scattered around.
- the housing 6 is provided with an introduction port 7 that guides the liquid to the reaction unit 5.
- the switch element 1 irreversibly blocks the first conductor 2 when the liquid flows into the reaction unit 5 through the introduction port 7 provided in the housing 6.
- the housing 6 is formed of a polyhedron, for example, as shown in FIG. 15A, and one introduction port 7 is provided on one surface.
- the switch element 1 is formed as a chip component to be mounted on a circuit board on which an external circuit is formed
- the introduction port 7 is provided on the top surface 6a opposite to the mounting surface of the housing 6.
- the housing 6 may have the introduction port 7 formed on a surface other than the top surface 6a, for example, the side surface 6b. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the housing 6 may have a plurality of inlets 7 formed on the top surface 6a, or a plurality of inlets 7 formed on the side surface 6b.
- the housing 6 can more easily introduce the liquid into the reaction unit 5 by providing a plurality of introduction ports 7.
- casing 6 consists of a polyhedron, as shown, for example in FIG.15 (C), and you may provide the inlet 7 in several surfaces, for example, the top
- FIG. 16 is an external perspective view of the switch element 1 in which the casing 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape and a plurality of introduction ports 7 are formed over the entire circumference.
- the housing 6 may be formed in a hollow polygonal column shape. By forming the casing 6 into a hollow columnar shape or a prismatic shape, the introduction port 7 can be formed without being influenced by the surface or angle according to the arrangement of the switch element 1, the liquid intrusion route, or the like.
- the switch element 1 shown in FIG. 16 includes a first terminal 11 a and a second terminal 11 b for energizing the fuse element 11 used as the first conductor 2, and an electrode 12 used as the second conductor 3. Is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the housing 6.
- FIG. 17 is an external perspective view showing the switch element 1 in which the introduction port 7 is formed in the top surface 6a of the polyhedral case 6 and the discharge port 8 for discharging the liquid is formed in the side surface 6b.
- the discharge port 8 By forming the discharge port 8, the first and second conductors 2, 3 and the reaction portion 5 are cooled when a large amount of liquid penetrates into the housing 6, and the electroerosion action and the self of the fuse element 11 are cooled. It is possible to prevent a situation in which the action of the reaction unit 5 and the fusing of the first conductor 2 are hindered, such as heat generation being hindered.
- the discharge port 8 is preferably formed smaller than the introduction port 7. By making the discharge port 8 relatively small, it is possible to prevent the liquid that has entered the housing 6 from being excessively discharged and to prevent the action of the reaction unit 5 and the fusing of the first conductor 2 from being delayed. it can.
- the discharge port 8 is provided at the same height as the position where the reaction part 5 of the housing 6 is provided or above the position where the reaction part 5 is provided.
- the discharge port 8 is connected to the reaction portion 5 on the side surface 6 b of the housing 6. It is preferable to be provided at the same height as or above the provided position.
- the first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction part 5 are cooled by the liquid that has entered a large amount, and the action of the reaction part 5 such as the electrolytic corrosion action and the self-heating of the fuse element 11 are inhibited. A situation in which the fusing of the conductor 2 is hindered can be prevented.
- the shape of the inlet 7 for introducing the liquid and the outlet 8 for discharging the liquid may be circular or rectangular. Further, the inlet 7 and the outlet 8 may be formed in a slit shape as shown in FIG. By forming the inlet 7 in a slit shape, the liquid can be introduced more extensively, and the reaction portion 5 can be reacted quickly to melt the first conductor 2. Further, by forming the discharge port 8 in a slit shape, excess liquid that has entered the housing 6 can be quickly drained, and the action of the reaction unit 5 and the progress of fusing of the first conductor 2 can be promoted. Delays can be prevented.
- the housing 6 may be provided with a slit-like introduction port 7 on the top surface 6 a and an introduction groove 9 that guides the liquid to the reaction unit 5.
- the introduction groove 9 extends from the introduction port 7 in which the groove wall 9 a is formed in the top surface 6 a to the vicinity of the reaction section 5.
- the housing 6 can prevent the liquid that has entered the introduction port 7 from escaping into the housing 6 and delaying the fusing of the first conductor 2 by the reaction unit 5.
- the housing 6 may extend the introduction groove 9 to the side surface 6b and be continuous with the discharge port 8 formed on the side surface 6b. Thereby, the housing 6 can efficiently guide the liquid that has entered from the introduction port 7 to the reaction unit 5 and drain the excess liquid from the discharge port 8 efficiently.
- a plurality of introduction grooves 9 may be formed. By forming a plurality of introduction grooves 9, the liquid can be guided over the entire width of the reaction section 5.
- the introduction groove 9 may be gradually narrowed from the opening of the introduction port 7 facing the top surface 6a to the inside where the reaction unit 5 is provided. By narrowing the introduction groove 9 as it approaches the reaction unit 5, the liquid that has entered from the opening of the introduction port 7 can be efficiently guided to the reaction unit 5 by capillary action.
- the switch element 1 has an introduction port 7 or an introduction port 7 and an introduction groove 9 in the housing 6 according to the positions of the first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction unit 5. May be formed.
- the switch element 1 includes a plurality of fuse elements 11 and electrodes 12 stacked in parallel, as in the configuration examples of the first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction unit 5 illustrated in FIGS.
- the introduction port 7 or the introduction port 7 and the introduction groove 9 may be formed at a height corresponding to the position of the fuse element 11 and the electrode 12 on the side surface 6b.
- one or a plurality of introduction ports 7 may be formed according to the number of fuse elements 11, the same number of introduction ports 7 as the fuse elements 11 may be formed, or a plurality of introduction ports 7 may be formed. It may be formed at the same interval as the fuse element 11.
- the switch element 1 By forming the introduction port 7 and the like at a position corresponding to the position of the reaction unit 5, the switch element 1 efficiently supplies a large amount of liquid from the introduction port 7 to the first and second conductors 2 and 3 and the reaction unit. 5, the reaction of the reaction unit 5 can be efficiently performed, and the fusing of the first conductor 2 can be promoted.
- the switch element 1 may perform water-repellent treatment at a place other than the reaction unit 5 to guide the liquid to the reaction unit 5.
- the switch element 1 may form a water repellent treatment portion 18 in which the water repellent treatment is applied to the introduction port 7 or the groove wall 9 a of the introduction port 7 and the introduction groove 9.
- the water repellent portion 18 can be formed by a known method such as application of a fluorine coating agent or solder paste coating.
- the switch element 1 can efficiently guide the liquid that has entered through the introduction port 7 to the reaction unit 5.
- a malfunction is caused because a small amount of liquid is not repelled into the housing 6 except in a wet state where the switch element 1 should be operated. It is possible to prevent and secure the reliability as a sensor.
- the switch element 1 may perform a water repellent treatment on the inner wall of the housing 6. Also by performing water-repellent treatment on the inner wall of the housing 6, the liquid that has entered the housing 6 can be efficiently guided to the reaction unit 5, and the reaction unit 5 can be operated quickly.
- the switch element 1 may be provided with a storage unit 21 that stores the liquid that has entered the housing 6 at the position where the reaction unit 5 is formed.
- the storage unit 21 is formed in a concave shape so as to surround the reaction unit 5, and can be formed by being molded integrally with the housing 6 or by arranging a concave member on the bottom surface of the housing 6. it can.
- the switch element 1 stores the liquid in the storage unit 21, thereby filling the periphery of the reaction unit 5 with the liquid. Thereby, the switch element 1 can make the reaction part 5 react efficiently even if the amount of liquid that has entered the housing 6 is small.
- the switch element 1 can form the discharge port 8 below the reaction part 5, and can discharge
- the first conductor 2 is bent and passed through the storage portion 21, and both ends of the first conductor 2 face the bottom surface of the housing 6. 1 and connected to the second terminals 11a and 11b.
- the switch element 1 may block the introduction port 7 with a water-soluble sealing material 22 that dissolves with a liquid.
- the switch element 1 may close the introduction groove 9 with a water-soluble sealing material 22 that dissolves with a liquid.
- a water-soluble sealing material 22 for example, a natural polymer such as agar and gelatin, a semi-synthetic polymer such as cellulose and starch, a synthetic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, and a water-soluble material such as sugar cubes.
- a solid material or the like can be used.
- the water-soluble sealing material 22 includes ABS, polyacrylonitrile, Polyvinylidene fluoride or saturated polyester such as PET, PTT, PEN, or the like can be used. Since these water-soluble materials also have a high molecular weight, the dissolution rate decreases and the reaction rate may decrease as the switch element 1. Therefore, when priority is given to the reaction rate, it is preferable to adjust the polymerization degree.
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view showing an FET 30 that is an electronic component in which the switch element 1 is incorporated.
- the reaction portion 5 is formed by disposing the gate electrode 31 as the first conductor 2 and disposing the electrode 12 as the second conductor 3 in the vicinity thereof.
- the FET 30 In the normal state before the liquid enters, the FET 30 is electrically connected to the gate electrode 31 and connected to connection terminals formed on various circuit boards. In the FET 30, when liquid enters the housing 6, the gate electrode 31 is eroded in the reaction unit 5, and conduction is cut off. Thereby, FET30 can stop switching (function invalidation) by liquid wetting.
- the power source schematically shown in FIG. 28 for applying a voltage to the reaction unit 5 can also be obtained from any location on the circuit board to which the FET 30 is connected, and the magnitude of the power source voltage is the FET It is also preferable to set the gate voltage characteristics of these.
- the same reaction part 5 can be provided not only on the gate electrode 31 but also on the drain electrode and the source electrode. In this case, it can be expected that the electrode is thinned by electrolytic corrosion, the current capacity is reduced, the heat is generated by energization of the current, and the heat is blown by this heat generation, so that it is more easily blown.
- the switch element 1 may incorporate the FET 30 in the housing 6 and melt the gate electrode 31 with the liquid that has entered the housing 6.
- a housing of an electronic component such as the FET 30 may be used as the housing 6 of the switch element 1, and the introduction port 7 may be provided in the housing of the electronic component and the reaction unit 5 may be provided therein.
- FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of the cylindrical battery cell 40.
- the switch element 1 uses the positive electrode 41 of the battery cell 40 as the first conductor 2 that is normally conducted, uses a battery holder (not shown) as the housing 6, and the battery cell 40 is attached to the battery holder.
- the reaction unit 5 is configured by being in close proximity to the electrode 12 serving as the second conductor 3 provided on the battery holder side.
- the electrode 12 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell 40 attached to the battery holder.
- the battery cell 40 is normally connected to the positive electrode 41 and supplies power to various circuits through the electrode terminals of the battery holder.
- the positive electrode 41 is eroded in the reaction unit 5 and the conduction is cut off.
- the switch element 1 can stop energization of the battery cell 40 by liquid wetting or the like.
- the switch element 1 may be constituted by a single cylindrical battery cell.
- a cylindrical battery cell 46 shown in FIG. 30 has a cylindrical outer can 47 and a top cover 48 that is connected to one end of the outer can 47 and closes the outer can 47.
- the top cover 48 is connected by crimping the outer edge portion 48 a to one end of the outer can 47.
- the top cover 48 is provided with a gap between the outer edge portion 48a and the central portion 48b serving as the positive electrode terminal portion, and one or a plurality of connecting portions 48c are provided between the outer edge portion 48a and the central portion 48b. ing.
- the battery cell 46 includes the reaction unit 5 in which the connecting portion 48 c is the first conductor 2 and the overhanging portion 47 a overlapping the connecting portion 48 c is the second conductor 3.
- the overhanging portion 47 a may be configured using a part of the outer can 47 or may be configured using a conductor that is electrically connected to the outer can 47.
- the battery cell 46 In the normal state, the battery cell 46 is electrically connected to the central portion 48b serving as the positive electrode terminal portion, and supplies power to various circuits.
- the connecting portion 48c In the battery cell 46, when the liquid enters between the connecting portion 48c and the overhanging portion 47a due to water wetting or leakage from the battery, the connecting portion 48c is eroded in the reaction portion 5 and the conduction is cut off. . Thereby, the switch element 1 can stop energization of the battery cell 46 by liquid wetting or the like.
- the switch element 1 may be disposed on the charging / discharging path of the laminated battery cell 42 as shown in FIG.
- the switch element 1 includes a first conductor 2 that is a conductor such as a positive lead wire 43 that forms a charging / discharging path of the laminated battery cell 42 or a fuse element 11 that is connected to the positive lead wire 43 in the housing 6.
- the reaction unit 5 is configured by being disposed in proximity to the electrode 12 disposed in the housing 6 and connected to the first negative electrode side lead wire 44 of the laminated battery cell 42.
- the laminated battery cell 42 has a positive lead wire 43 and a second negative lead wire 45 connected to a charging device or an electric device, and is normally energized via the switch element 1 so as to be chargeable / dischargeable.
- the switch element 1 can interrupt
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Abstract
Description
第1の導電体2は、スイッチ素子1の組み込まれる外部回路に設けられた端子部と接続される接続端子であり、例えば、略矩形板状に形成され、スイッチ素子1の筐体6内に内蔵された絶縁基板上の一対の電極端子間にわたって搭載されたヒューズエレメントを用いることができる。また、第1の導電体2は、例えばスイッチ素子1の筐体6内に内蔵された絶縁基板に形成されたパターン電極や、金属板、リード線等を用いてもよい。
反応部5は、筐体6内に浸入した液体と接触することにより第1の導電体2を不可逆的に遮断するものであり、第1、第2の導電体2,3の形態によって様々な構成を有する。
また、反応部5は、ヒューズエレメント11と電極12との一方又は両方に、1又は複数の貫通孔、凹部又は凸部を設けてもよい。図6(A)(B)は、一例として、ヒューズエレメント11と電極12とに貫通孔13を形成した反応部5を示す斜視図である。これにより、スイッチ素子1は、筐体6内に流入した液体を優先的に反応部5に導入、保持しやすくすることができ、また、貫通孔13によって液体の保持量が増えることによりヒューズエレメント11と電極12との接触面積が増大し、ヒューズエレメント11の電蝕作用を促進させることができる。さらに、ヒューズエレメント11に貫通孔13を形成することにより溶断面積が減少するため、より速やかに溶断させることができる。
また、図7に示すように、ヒューズエレメント11と電極12との間にセパレータ14を備えることが好ましい。また、セパレータ14は、メッシュ状、多孔質状を有することが好ましい。これにより、セパレータ14は、ヒューズエレメント11と電極12との間に水や電解液等の液体を集め、保持する集液性、保水性を確保することができる。また、セパレータ14は、絶縁体からなることが好ましい。これにより、セパレータ14は、ヒューズエレメント11と電極12との間の直接短絡を抑制することができる。
また、第1、第2の導電体2,3及び反応部5は、前述した構成例に限られず、例えば、第1の導電体2となるヒューズエレメントが複数並列に重畳配置され、第2の導電体3となる電極が各ヒューズエレメント間に配置されていてもよい。図8は、第1の導電体2として平板状に形成されたヒューズエレメント11が複数並列に所定間隔で重畳配置されるとともに、各ヒューズエレメント11の間に第2の導電体3となる平板状に形成された電極12が配置された反応部5の構成例を示す斜視図である。
また、スイッチ素子1は、第1、第2の導電体2,3の、反応部5が設けられた近傍領域における間隔を、その他の領域における間隔よりも狭くしてもよい。例えばスイッチ素子1は、図10(A)~(C)に示すように、第1の導電体2として矩形板状のヒューズエレメント11を用い、第2の導電体3として、略板状の電極12を用い、ヒューズエレメント11と電極12とは筐体6内に隣接して配置されるとともに、反応部5においてヒューズエレメント11と電極12とが重畳されることにより、間隔が相対的に狭小化されている。
また、スイッチ素子1は、第1の導電体2及び第2の導電体3の複数面が対向されていてもよい。例えばスイッチ素子1は、図12(A)に示すように、第1の導電体2として略矩形板状のヒューズエレメント11を用い、第2の導電体3として、略棒状の電極12を用い、ヒューズエレメント11に、電極12の両側面及び底面の3面を囲むように湾曲させた湾曲部11cを形成することにより、電極12の複数面で対向させてもよい。あるいは、スイッチ素子1は、図12(B)に示すように、ヒューズエレメント11に、電極12の両側面及び底面の3面を囲むように矩形状に屈曲させた屈曲部11dを形成することにより、ヒューズエレメント11及び電極12の複数面で対向させてもよい。ヒューズエレメント11の湾曲部11c又は屈曲部11dと電極12とは、いずれの面も所定の狭小化された間隔を隔てて対向され、液体を浸入、保持可能とされている。
また、スイッチ素子1は、反応部5を構成する第1、第2の導電体2,3の少なくとも一方の表面を、水や電解液等の液体に触れることで溶解する液溶性材料で被覆してもよい。例えばスイッチ素子1は、図13に示すように、第1の導電体2となる略矩形板状のヒューズエレメント11と、第2の導電体3となる略矩形板状の電極12とを対向させるとともに、電極12のヒューズエレメント11と対向する一面に液溶性材料からなるコート層17が形成されている。
また、スイッチ素子1は、反応部5以外の場所、又は反応部5及びその近傍以外の場所に、撥水領域を設けてもよい。例えばスイッチ素子1は、図14に示すように、第1の導電体2となる略矩形板状のヒューズエレメント11と、第2の導電体3となる略矩形板状の電極12とを対向させるとともに、ヒューズエレメント11と電極12とが筐体6内に配設された絶縁基板16上に搭載される。そして、スイッチ素子1は、絶縁基板16のヒューズエレメント11と電極12とが近接する反応部5及びその近傍を除く領域が撥水処理部18とされる。
また、スイッチ素子1は、反応部5の近傍に吸水発熱材19を配置してもよい。例えば、スイッチ素子1は、図14に示す絶縁基板16の表面上にヒューズエレメント11を配置するとともに電極12と対向させた構成において、反応部5へ熱が伝わる近傍領域に、吸水することで発熱する材料19を配置する。吸水発熱材料19は、例えば生石灰を用いることができる。
次いで、スイッチ素子1の筐体6について説明する。スイッチ素子1の筐体6は、各種エンジニアリングプラスチック、セラミックス等の絶縁性を有する部材により形成することができる。スイッチ素子1は、筐体6を設けることにより、第1、第2の導電体2,3及び反応部5を外部より受ける機械的な外乱等から保護するとともに、第1の導電体2として用いたヒューズエレメント11がアーク放電の発生を伴って溶断した際に、溶融金属の周囲への飛散を防止することができる。
次いで、本発明の応用例について説明する。本発明が適用されたスイッチ素子1は、FET等の電子部品に組み込んでもよい。図28は、スイッチ素子1が組み込まれた電子部品であるFET30を示す斜視図である。FET30は、ゲート電極31を第1の導電体2とし、その近傍に第2の導電体3として電極12を配置することにより反応部5が形成される。
また、本発明が適用されたスイッチ素子1は、電池セルに組み込んでもよい。図29は円筒型電池セル40の断面図である。例えばスイッチ素子1は、電池セル40の正極41を常態において導通されている第1の導電体2とし、図示しない電池ホルダを筐体6として用い、電池セル40が電池ホルダに装着されると、電池ホルダ側に設けられた第2の導電体3となる電極12と近接されることで反応部5を構成する。電極12は、電池ホルダに装着された電池セル40の負極と接続されている。
Claims (33)
- 外部回路に接続され、相対的にイオン化傾向の大きい第1の導電体と、
上記第1の導電体に近接して配置され、上記第1の導電体よりも相対的にイオン化傾向の小さい第2の導電体とを有し、
上記第1、第2の導電体の間の液体により、上記第1の導電体を電蝕させる反応部が形成されるスイッチ素子。 - 上記反応部は、上記第1、第2の導電体の少なくとも一方に設けられた貫通孔が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記反応部は、上記第1、第2の導電体の少なくとも一方に設けられた凹凸面が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記第1、第2の導電体は、上記反応部が設けられた近傍領域における間隔が、その他の領域における間隔よりも狭いことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記第1、第2の導電体は、それぞれ対向可能な平面を有し、
交互に複数積層される積層構造を有する請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。 - 上記第1、第2の導電体は、それぞれ対向可能な平面を有し、
上記第1の導電体の数よりも上記第2の導電体の数が1つ多く構成され、
上記第1の導電体の両面に対向して上記第2の導電体が配置される積層構造を有する請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。 - 上記反応部は、上記第1、第2の導電体の間にセパレータを備える請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記セパレータは、集液性を有する請求項7に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記セパレータは、液溶性を有する請求項7に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記セパレータは、電解質を担持してなる請求項7に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記セパレータは、絶縁性を有する請求項7に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 相対的にイオン化傾向の大きい上記第1の導電体が、正極として接続されてなり、
相対的にイオン化傾向の小さい上記第2の導電体が、負極として接続されてなる請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。 - 相対的にイオン化傾向の大きい上記第1の導電体が、アルミニウム、鉄、ニッケル、錫、鉛から選択されるいずれか1種を主成分とし、
相対的にイオン化傾向の小さい上記第2の導電体が、金、白金、銀、銅、パラジウムから選択されるいずれか1種を主成分とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。 - 上記反応部は、上記第1の導電体及び/又は第2の導電体の複数面が対向する請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記反応部は、上記第1、第2の導電体の少なくとも一方の表面が、液体で溶解する液溶性材料で被覆されている請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記反応部以外の場所、又は上記反応部及びその近傍以外の場所に、撥水領域を設ける請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記反応部の近傍に吸水発熱材を配置した請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記反応部が設けられた位置に上記液体を貯留する貯留部が設けられている請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 内部に上記第1、第2の導電体、及び上記反応部が設けられた筐体を有し、
上記筐体には、内部に液体を導く導入口が設けられている請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載のスイッチ素子。 - 上記筐体は多面体からなり、一又は複数の面に、一又は複数の上記導入口が設けられている請求項19記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記筐体は筒状に形成され、側面に一又は複数の上記導入口が形成されている請求項19記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記筐体には、流入した上記液体を排出する排出口が設けられている請求項19に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記排出口は、上記反応部が設けられた位置と同じ高さ、又は上記反応部が設けられた位置よりも上方に設けられている請求項22記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記導入口は、上記反応部へ上記液体を導く導入溝が設けられている請求項19に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記導入溝は、上記導入口の開口部から内部にかけて漸次狭小化されている請求項24記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記筐体は、上記導入口に撥水処理が施されている請求項19に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記筐体は、上記導入溝に撥水処理が施されている請求項24に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記筐体は、内壁に撥水処理が施されている請求項19に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記導入口は、上記液体で溶解する水溶性材料で閉塞されている請求項19に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 上記導入溝は、上記液体で溶解する水溶性材料が配置されている請求項24に記載のスイッチ素子。
- 外部回路と接続される外部接続端子と、
上記外部接続端子に近接して配置され、上記外部接続端子よりも相対的にイオン化傾向の小さい導電体とを有し、
上記外部接続端子と上記導電体の間に、液体を保持し、上記外部接続端子を電蝕させる反応部が形成される電子部品。 - 外部回路と接続される正極端子と連続された第1の導電体と、
負極の外装缶と連続するとともに上記第1の導電体に近接して配置され、上記第1の導電体よりも相対的にイオン化傾向の小さい第2の導電体とを有し、
上記第1の導電体と上記第2の導電体との間に、液体を保持し、上記第1の導電体を電蝕させる反応部が形成されるバッテリセル。 - バッテリと、
上記バッテリの端子に近接して配置され、上記端子よりも相対的にイオン化傾向の小さい導電体とを有し、
上記端子と上記導電体の間に、液体を保持し、上記端子を電蝕させる反応部が形成されるバッテリシステム。
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US20180301302A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
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