WO2017060362A1 - Reaktor-vorrichtung zum beladen und/oder entladen eines trägermediums mit bzw. von wasserstoff sowie anlage mit einer derartigen reaktor-vorrichtung - Google Patents
Reaktor-vorrichtung zum beladen und/oder entladen eines trägermediums mit bzw. von wasserstoff sowie anlage mit einer derartigen reaktor-vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017060362A1 WO2017060362A1 PCT/EP2016/073897 EP2016073897W WO2017060362A1 WO 2017060362 A1 WO2017060362 A1 WO 2017060362A1 EP 2016073897 W EP2016073897 W EP 2016073897W WO 2017060362 A1 WO2017060362 A1 WO 2017060362A1
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- hydrogen gas
- reactor
- reactor device
- carrier medium
- hydrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
- B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0015—Organic compounds; Solutions thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00123—Fingers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00132—Tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00141—Coils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
- B01J2208/00221—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reactor device for loading and / or unloading a carrier medium with or from hydrogen and a system with such a reactor device.
- reactors for loading or unloading a carrier medium with or of hydrogen requires on the one hand sufficient heat transfer from or to a catalyst and a possible unimpeded release of the carrier medium separated hydrogen gas.
- This framework conditions partly conflicting requirements for a reactor device.
- the invention has for its object to improve a reactor device such that the reactor device is designed to be uncomplicated and in particular the loading and / or unloading of a carrier medium with or of hydrogen is improved and in particular the filling with and removal of catalyst easy goes on.
- a reactor housing provides a particularly large volume for a catalyst.
- the reaction space of the reactor apparatus is increased. In particular exists a single, large reaction space, whereby the reaction, that is, the loading and / or unloading of the carrier medium with or from hydrogen is facilitated.
- the reactor housing is filled in particular with catalyst which is surrounded by the carrier medium and in particular flows around it.
- the reactor device is basically suitable for loading and / or unloading a carrier medium with or from hydrogen.
- the reactor device according to the invention differs from typical tube bundle reactors essentially due to the number and size of the reaction spaces.
- the reactor housing provides a comparatively large volume of catalyst.
- an increase in the volume-specific power, ie the hydrogenation or dehydrogenation rate, is possible.
- An improved heat transfer is achieved in particular by immersing at least one heat transfer element in a mixture of catalyst and carrier medium. It may be advantageous that a plurality of heat transfer elements are provided. It may also be advantageous if the at least one hydrogen gas channel is arranged adjacent to the heat transfer element. In particular, where heat is introduced into the catalyst via the at least one heat transfer element, hydrogen gas is released with priority during the discharge of the carrier medium. The discharge of the released hydrogen gas is favored by an adjacent hydrogen gas channel.
- the heat transfer can take place directly from the at least one heat transfer element to the carrier medium and into the catalyst.
- the reactor device is particularly suitable as a dehydrogenation reactor for discharging the carrier medium of hydrogen.
- the reactor device can in particular also directly as Hydrogenation reactor can be used to load carrier medium with hydrogen gas.
- a use of the reactor device for loading and unloading in different modes of operation is possible.
- the reactor device can be used both as a hydrogenation reactor and as a de-hydrogenation reactor. It is possible to provide multiple hydrogen gas channels in the reactor housing. As a result, the reactor power can be increased.
- the reactor device can be placed and / or arranged in a defined manner with the soil on a substrate. This means that the reactor housing can be placed directly on the ground.
- a frame can be provided on which the reactor device can be arranged with the bottom of the reactor housing. It is also conceivable to depend on the reactor device on suitable elements, for example from a ceiling. In this case, the bottom of the reactor housing floats in the air. In any case, the floor is designed substantially parallel to a substrate.
- the reactor housing can be filled with a carrier medium. Hydrogen may be chemically bound to the carrier medium.
- the carrier medium is liquid.
- Such a carrier medium is known for example as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC).
- LOHC is an organic hydrogen storage fluid in the form of a cyclic hydrocarbon.
- the reactor housing has a carrier media supply port and a carrier media discharge port.
- a hydrogen gas port is provided through which hydrogen gas can be supplied for charging and discharged for discharging.
- the heat required for a discharge reaction can be supplied directly to the catalyst.
- the structure of the reactor device is straightforward and simplified. The heat is supplied directly and with reduced energy losses.
- a reactor apparatus having at least one hydrogen gas passage disposed in the reactor housing enables improved supply of hydrogen gas from the reactor housing.
- the at least one hydrogen gas channel is fastened in particular to the floor and extends along a longitudinal axis at least proportionally and / or at least in sections vertically.
- the hydrogen gas channel may also be spaced from the bottom. It is essential that the hydrogen gas channel is arranged in the reactor housing such that a lower end of the hydrogen gas channel dips into the catalyst bed.
- the at least one hydrogen gas channel is oriented in particular perpendicular to the ground.
- the hydrogen gas channel may also be inclined or curved with respect to a longitudinal axis of the reactor housing. It is essential that the hydrogen gas channel is executed at least in sections and / or at least partially vertical, so that, for example, discharged hydrogen gas can escape automatically via the hydrogen gas channel.
- the longitudinal axis of the at least one hydrogen gas channel is oriented in particular vertically. Due to the at least proportional and at least partially vertical arrangement of the hydrogen gas channel, hydrogen gas collected therein can escape in particular automatically due to the comparatively small density.
- the hydrogen gas channel simplifies the outflow of the hydrogen gas formed during the discharge. There is sufficient volume for the hydrogen gas to flow out.
- the outflow of the hydrogen gas is not hindered by the catalyst.
- a suction effect is formed such that hydrogen gas bubbles into the hydrogen gas channel, since there is a reduced flow resistance there.
- the hydrogen gas entrains surrounding hydrogen gas particles and causes a preferred outflow via the hydrogen gas channel.
- hydrogen gas in the mixture of catalyst and carrier medium forms automatically and rises due to the reduced density of the catalyst bed, ie outside the hydrogen gas channels.
- a reactor device with multiple heat transfer elements allows for improved heat transfer.
- the heat transfer elements are in each case arranged in the same way as the substance of the hydrogen gas channel. In particular, the heat transfer elements are arranged along a circular line around the hydrogen gas channel.
- the arrangement of the heat transfer elements in the reactor housing is designed in particular such that an effective and homogeneous heating of the catalyst bed is possible.
- the heat transfer elements can also be arranged irregularly and at different distances from one another in the reactor housing.
- the heat transfer elements and the hydrogen gas channel are arranged parallel to each other.
- heat transfer elements which are arranged in particular in the form of a rod within the reactor housing, to be associated with at least two hydrogen gas channels.
- the heat transfer elements are not designed as linear, rod-shaped elements.
- a heat transfer element in the form of a helix that is designed helically.
- a heat transfer element is designed spirally.
- a heat transfer element is ribbed, coated or provided with a rough surface.
- the reactor housing is filled with a mixture of carrier medium and catalyst
- effective hydrogenation or dehydrogenation is possible.
- the mixture may also contain other ingredients.
- the catalyst for example, ruthenium, platinum or palladium is used depending on the reaction to be carried out.
- the catalyst material is applied to a carrier material.
- the carrier material used is in particular aluminum oxide. Typical catalyst materials are known, for example, from EP 1 475 349 A2, which are suitable in particular for LOHC as the carrier medium.
- the catalyst is provided in particular as a bed at the bottom of the reactor housing. Due to the comparatively high degree of filling, the reaction rate is improved.
- the volume fraction of the carrier medium in the reactor housing which comes into contact with the catalyst is comparatively large.
- the volume of the mixture within the reactor housing is at least half the volume of the reactor housing, in particular at least 60% and in particular 2/3.
- the volume of the mixture can also be less than 60%.
- the volume of the mixture can also be more than 2/3 of the volume of the reactor housing. It is advantageous if a sufficiently large residual volume remains free, so that discharged hydrogen gas can collect in an upper region of the reactor housing and can flow off via the hydrogen gas opening.
- a reactor apparatus in which a first end of the at least one hydrogen gas channel is located outside the mixture allows unhindered escape of released gas upon dehydrogenation. At the same time, uncomplicated introduction of hydrogen gas for hydrogenation is simplified.
- the first end is in particular facing away from the ground.
- the first end is a free end.
- a reactor device in which the at least one hydrogen gas channel has a length which is smaller than a length of the reactor housing allows advantageous handling and operation of the reactor device.
- a reactor device, in which a flow-through section is provided at a second end of the at least one hydrogen gas channel allows fluid flow between the reactor housing and the hydrogen gas channel. This means that medium from the reactor housing, in particular the mixture of catalyst and carrier medium, can be arranged within the hydrogen gas channel.
- the flow-through section is embodied in particular in that it is permeable in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the at least one hydrogen gas channel. This radial permeability can be carried out, for example, by a mesh or lattice structure of the hydrogen gas channel. It is also conceivable that the hydrogen gas channel is designed as a tube or pipe and in the region of the flow-through section transverse bores, slots or in particular a perforation.
- the flow-through section can also be embodied by a porous material or by a screen structure. The flow-through section extends in particular along the longitudinal axis of the hydrogen gas channel, wherein the length of the flow-through section is in particular smaller than the length of the hydrogen gas channel. The flow-through but can also extend along the entire length of the hydrogen gas channel.
- a reactor device which is designed as a dehydrogenation reactor, allows improved gas removal of the separated hydrogen gas with improved heat transfer.
- a reactor apparatus with a gas collection chamber disposed in the reactor housing ensures that the separated hydrogen gas can be collected in a defined manner.
- the gas collection room is a gas calming room.
- the gas collection chamber is connected to the hydrogen gas opening and the at least one hydrogen gas channel. The hydrogen accumulated in the gas collection chamber can be removed via the hydrogen gas channel.
- the carrier medium can be discharged in an uncomplicated manner and, in particular, directly from the reactor housing.
- the arrangement of the carrier medium discharge opening on the side wall, in particular the vertical distance of the carrier medium discharge opening from the bottom, is decisive for a maximum fill level within the reactor housing. This ensures an integrated and uncomplicated filling level limitation in the reactor housing.
- a reactor device with a separator element arranged in the reactor housing ensures that carrier medium particles entrained with the separated hydrogen gas can be reliably separated off and dripped as droplets directly into the mixture in the reactor housing.
- carrier medium particles entrained with the hydrogen gas have to be recycled via a circulation line.
- the entrained carrier medium particles are still deposited within the reactor housing and get back into the carrier medium automatically. The deposition and return of the carrier medium is uncomplicated and immediate and thus simplified.
- a reactor device in which the separation element has a droplet separator and / or a condenser enables a particularly advantageous separation of entrained carrier medium particles.
- the capacitor is used in particular for condensing, when the entrained carrier medium has been vaporous.
- the vaporous carrier medium can condense on the condenser and drip off as a liquid carrier medium. It is conceivable that it is sufficient for the condensation function that the reactor housing is not thermally insulated in an upper region, in particular in the region of the cover. In this case, the thermally uninsulated lid is a capacitor.
- the droplet separator can be designed as a lamellar plate or as a baffle plate and can be arranged in particular in the region of the end of the hydrogen gas channel facing away from the bottom. As a result, a pre-separation of liquid droplets from the hydrogen stream is improved.
- An additional improvement of the separation of entrained carrier medium particles from the hydrogen gas is possible in that the hydrogen gas is at least once, in particular repeatedly, along the flow direction deflected before leaving the reactor housing.
- a Strömungsumlenkelement can be arranged in the region of the hydrogen gas opening within the reactor housing.
- the Strömungsumleitelement is a meandering executed pipe section which is connected to the hydrogen gas opening.
- the flow of the hydrogen gas stream is diverted multiple times. Due to the inertia of the liquid droplets, they are separated from the gas stream. An additional increase in the degree of separation can be achieved by means of a barrier element in the form of a close-meshed wire mesh, which is arranged in particular transversely or perpendicular to the flow direction of the hydrogen gas.
- the knitted fabric is in particular designed such that it offers no or almost no flow resistance for the hydrogen gas.
- the close-knit wire mesh is arranged in particular in the night room and allows an automatic dripping in the arranged in the bottom region of the Nachraumes carrier medium.
- a reactor device which is designed as a hydrogenation reactor, allows a sufficient removal of the excess heat during the exothermic hydrogenation.
- a reactor device with at least one gas inlet nozzle ensures an effective and immediate supply of hydrogen gas, which is required for the hydrogenation, that is for the loading of the carrier medium with hydrogen gas.
- precisely one gas inlet nozzle and in particular each hydrogen gas channel is assigned to each hydrogen gas channel exactly one gas inlet nozzle. Hydrogen gas is fed directly into the hydrogen gas channel via the gas introduction nozzle and from there via the carrier medium stored in the hydrogen gas power to the catalyst.
- the first end is in particular facing away from the ground.
- a plant for loading and unloading a carrier medium with or from hydrogen comprises, in addition to the reactor device according to the invention, a first recycler connected to the reactor device.
- the first recycler serves to store hydrogen-laden carrier medium.
- the plant comprises a second, connected to the reactor device recyclers.
- the second reclaimer is used to store hydrogen separated carrier medium, that is discharged carrier medium.
- the system further includes a hydrogen gas supply connected to the reactor device.
- the hydrogen gas supply may be a source of hydrogen gas to provide hydrogen gas for a desired hydrogenation reaction.
- the hydrogen source is in particular a plant which serves to generate hydrogen gas. This is done in particular by electrolysis of water, wherein the required electrical current is preferably obtained from renewable energy forms, in particular by photovoltaic systems and / or wind turbines.
- an electric power network for operating the electrolysis in particular during a high-energy period, can also serve as the hydrogen gas source.
- An energy-rich period is given when there is an excess of energy and energy is available at relatively low cost.
- the hydrogen gas supply may for example also be a hydrogen gas or a hydrogen gas consumer.
- the hydrogen gas consumer serves to utilize the hydrogen gas. It is in particular a fuel cell, by means of which the hydrogen gas flows, so it can be converted into electricity.
- the utilization of the hydrogen gas ie the conversion of the energy carrier into electrical energy, takes place in particular during a low-energy period, ie when regenerative forms of energy can not be used to generate electrical energy or if electrical energy from the public network has to be purchased relatively expensively.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 Show it: a perspective, partially sectional view of a reactor device according to a first embodiment, a cross section along section line II-II in Fig. 1, a Fig. 1 corresponding representation of the filled with a mixture reactor device and other components of a system for discharging a carrier medium of Hydrogen, a Fig. 3 corresponding representation of another system with a reactor device according to a second embodiment.
- a reactor device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 serves to dehydrate LOHC, that is, to separate hydrogen gas from LOHC as a carrier medium. Such a reaction is called discharging the carrier medium of hydrogen.
- the reaction is a dehydrogenation reaction.
- the reactor device 1 has a reactor housing 2.
- the reactor housing 2 is designed according to the embodiment shown as a closed hollow cylinder with a circular disk-shaped bottom 3, a cylindrical outer wall 4 and a circular disk-shaped cover 5.
- the bottom 3 and the cover 5 are made substantially identical.
- the bottom 3, the side wall 4 and the cover 5 are each directly connected in pairs, in particular detachably connected to each other, in particular screwed together.
- the reactor housing 2 encloses an interior sealing.
- the Catalyst introduced as a loose bed.
- the catalyst is surrounded by the carrier medium. In order to avoid that the catalyst with the carrier medium flows uncontrollably in the reactor housing 2, the catalyst can be held with a fixing element, for example a net arranged above it.
- the bed height of the catalyst extends substantially as far as a carrier medium discharge opening 8.
- a hydrogen gas opening 6 is provided on the lid 5. According to the embodiment shown, exactly one hydrogen gas opening 6 is provided, which is arranged centrally on the cover 5. It is also possible to provide several hydrogen gas openings 6.
- the reactor housing 2 may have a different contour.
- a carrier medium discharge opening 8 is provided on the side wall 4.
- a carrier medium supply port 9 is provided on the side wall 4, for example, to turn off the reactor housing 2 with the bottom 3 directly on a base.
- the carrier medium discharge opening 8 serves to discharge discharged carrier medium.
- the carrier medium supply port 9 serves to supply loaded carrier medium into the reactor housing.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 are hollow-cylindrical steel tubes which are located at the bottom 3 of the reactor housing 2 are attached.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 may also be made of a different material.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 may have a cross-sectional shape which is, for example, non-circular and, for example, be triangular, quadrangular, in particular rectangular, square, hexagonal or in another form. It is also possible that the hydrogen gas channels are arranged at a distance from the bottom 3.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 may be held in the reactor housing 2 by means of a holding device.
- the holding device is in particular arranged such that it is arranged outside the catalyst bed in order not to obstruct the hydrogen gas formation.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 are arranged according to a regular, cross-shaped grid on the bottom 3 of the reactor housing 2.
- a hydrogen gas channel 10 is arranged concentrically with the circular bottom 3 and in particular concentrically with the reactor housing longitudinal axis 7.
- the remaining hydrogen gas channels are each fixed equidistantly to the centrally located hydrogen gas channel 10 on the bottom 3.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 have a circular ring cross section.
- the hydrogen lines are each identical.
- the hydrogen lines 10 have a length LWL which is smaller than a length of the reactor housing LR along the longitudinal axis of the reactor housing 7. In particular: LWL ⁇ 0.95 ⁇ LR, in particular LWL ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ LR, in particular LWL ⁇ 0, 8 x LR and in particular fiber ⁇ 0.75 x LR.
- Each hydrogen gas channel 10 has a longitudinal axis 1 1.
- the longitudinal axes 11 of the hydrogen lines 10 are in pairs to each other in pairs. rallel.
- the longitudinal axes 1 1 are in particular parallel to the reactor housing longitudinal axis. 7
- the upper, the lid 5 facing the end 12 of the hydrogen gas channels 10 is a free end.
- the first end 12 faces away from the bottom 3.
- a first end 12 opposite, second end 13 of the hydrogen gas channel 10 faces the bottom 3.
- the hydrogen gas channel 10 is fastened to the bottom 3 with the second end 13.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 each have a flow-through section 14 which, according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, is designed as a network structure.
- a metal net can be arranged at a lower end of a pipe section. It is essential that the flow-through section 14 allows fluid flow from the interior of the reactor housing 2 into the at least one hydrogen gas channel 10.
- the flow-through portion 14 may extend along the entire length of the hydrogen gas channel 10. As a result, the removal of the hydrogen gas is favored.
- the four, each eccentric to the reactor housing longitudinal axis 7 arranged hydrogen gas channels 10 are each assigned eight heat transfer elements 15.
- the heat transfer elements 15 are designed as heat transfer tubes, which extend substantially parallel to the reactor housing longitudinal axis 7.
- the heat transfer elements 15 are fastened directly to the bottom 3 or the cover 5 in particular.
- the heat transfer elements 15 have a length such that they are at least partially immersed in the catalyst bed. Accordingly, 5 heat transfer medium supply and removal openings are provided on the bottom 3 or on the cover, which are not shown for illustrative reasons in FIGS. 1 and 3.
- About the heat transfer medium waste and - Zuriosötechnischen is sufficient heat transfer medium circulation, which is required for the required heat transfer, possible.
- the heat transfer elements are flowed through by the cover 5 in the direction of the bottom 3, ie from top to bottom.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 are open at the first end 12 frontally.
- the heat transfer elements 15 are each made identical.
- the heat transfer elements 15 have a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the hydrogen gas channels 10.
- the diameter of the heat transfer elements 15 is at most 50% of the diameter of the hydrogen gas channel 10, in particular at most 40% and in particular at most 30%.
- the heat transfer elements 15 may also have a larger diameter than the diameter of the hydrogen gas channels 10.
- the hydrogen gas channels 10 promote a suction effect for the separated hydrogen gas, so that the heat transfer elements 15 are better flowed around with carrier medium because of the surrounding hydrogen gas channels 10. This flow around the heat transfer elements 15 causes an additional improved heat transfer.
- the reactor device 1 has thirty-two heat transfer elements 15. Depending on the size of the reactor housing 2, the heat transfer elements 15 and the hydrogen gas channels 10, other numbers are possible.
- the reactor housing 2 is filled with a mixture 16.
- the mixture 16 consists of the carrier medium and the catalyst according to the embodiment shown.
- the volume of the mixture 16 corresponds according to the embodiment shown about 2/3 of the volume of the reactor housing 2.
- a volume portion within the reactor housing 2 above the first ends 12 of the hydrogen gas channels 10 represents a gas collection chamber 17.
- Within the Gassammeiraums 17 can be hydrogen gas, the first ends 12 of the hydrogen gas channels 10 escaped, collect, calm and flow out of the reactor device 1 via the hydrogen gas opening 6.
- hydrogen gas can also collect, which has escaped over the entire cross-sectional area of the reactor.
- the gas collection chamber 17 is connected directly to the hydrogen gas opening 6 on the one hand and to the hydrogen gas ducts 10 on the other hand.
- the gas collection room is a gas calming zone.
- the gas collection chamber provides sufficient volume, in particular about 1/3 of the volume of the reactor housing 2, so that the hydrogen gas separated off during the dehydrogenation can escape unhindered.
- a system 18 for discharging the carrier medium of hydrogen will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.
- the system 18 comprises the reactor device 1 according to FIG. 1.
- Loaded carrier medium in particular hydrogenated LOHC
- the supply line 20 and the discharge line 22 are directly connected to a bypass line 24.
- the carrier medium discharge opening 8 serves as filling level limiter of the reactor housing 2.
- the carrier medium discharge opening 8 can be positioned at the level of the end of the catalyst bed facing away from the bottom 3.
- the carrier medium discharge opening 8 can also be positioned above or below the end of the catalyst bed facing away from the bottom 3.
- a hydrogen gas channel is connected to supply the released hydrogen gas from the reactor housing 2 for further use. This line is not shown in Fig. 3.
- the mode of operation of the system 18 with the reactor device 1 will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. From the first memory 19 is loaded via the line 20 and the pump 21 loaded carrier medium to the reactor housing 2.
- the carrier medium is present as a mixture 16 together with a dehydrogenation catalyst.
- the catalyst is supplied via the heat transfer elements 15 heat.
- a dehydrogenation reaction ie separation of hydrogen gas from the charged carrier medium.
- Separated hydrogen gas for example, rise directly in the mixture 16 and escape there. Within the hydrogen gas channels 10, the hydrogen gas can be hindered ascend. Separated hydrogen gas may leave the hydrogen gas channel 10 at the top, first end 12. Separated hydrogen gas is collected in the gas collection chamber 17, can calm down there and escape via the hydrogen gas opening 6.
- the carrier medium flows via the carrier medium feed opening 8 at the bottom 3 through the mixture 16 upwards and can be discharged via the carrier medium discharge opening 9 from the reactor housing 2. Calculations by the Applicant have shown that the volume-specific power of the reactor device 1 is about three times that of a horizontal shell-and-tube reactor with otherwise comparable kinetic boundary conditions. In addition, the structure of the reactor device 1 is particularly uncomplicated.
- the gas introduction nozzles 25 are disposed within the hydrogen gas channels such that the gas introduction nozzles are immersed in the mixture 16. As a result, the supply of hydrogen gas in the mixture improves.
- the gas inlet nozzles 25 are connected to each other via a gas inlet line 26.
- the gas introduction line 26 is guided inside the reactor housing 2 and led out of the reactor housing 2 via the hydrogen gas opening 6 a, which is arranged on a side wall 4.
- Outlet opening may be provided so that excess hydrogen gas can escape unhindered.
- the hydrogen gas opening 6a thus does not serve for the removal of separated hydrogen gas, but for the supply of hydrogen gas for the planned hydrogenation of the unloaded carrier medium.
- the structural configuration of the reactor apparatus is identical, and the operation is performed in the reverse order as follows.
- discharged carrier medium is supplied through the supply pipe 20 and the pump 21 through the carrier medium supply port 9a in the side wall 4 of FIG Reactor housing 2 fed.
- Hydrogenated carrier medium can be supplied to the first reservoir 19 via the carrier medium discharge opening 8a, the discharge line 22 and a further pump 21.
- Dehydrated carrier medium is present in a mixture 16 with catalyst in the reactor housing 2.
- Hydrogen gas supplied into the hydrogen gas passages 10 via the gas introduction nozzles 25 and the manifold 26 serves to hydrogenate the carrier medium.
- the supplied gas can reach the mixture 16 in the area of the flow-through section 24.
- a significant advantage of the reactor device 1, la is to be seen in the fact that the reactor device, depending on the mode of operation, in other words particular depending on the fluid flows and the interconnected connections one and the same reactor device can be used both as a hydrogenation reactor and as a dehydrogenation reactor.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/766,120 US10589247B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | Reactor apparatus for loading a carrier medium with hydrogen and/or unloading it therefrom and plant comprising a reactor apparatus of this kind |
CN201680058451.8A CN108136356A (zh) | 2015-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | 例如以氢载卸载体介质的反应器及包括这种反应器的系统 |
DE112016004573.5T DE112016004573A5 (de) | 2015-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | Reaktor-Vorrichtung zum Beladen oder Entladen eines Trägermediums mit bzw. von Wasserstoff sowie Anlage mit einer derartigen Reaktor-Vorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015219306.3 | 2015-10-06 | ||
DE102015219306.3A DE102015219306A1 (de) | 2015-10-06 | 2015-10-06 | Reaktor-Vorrichtung zum Beladen und/oder Entladen eines Trägermediums mit bzw. von Wasserstoff sowie Anlage mit einer derartigen Reaktor-Vorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2017060362A1 true WO2017060362A1 (de) | 2017-04-13 |
Family
ID=57104025
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2016/073897 WO2017060362A1 (de) | 2015-10-06 | 2016-10-06 | Reaktor-vorrichtung zum beladen und/oder entladen eines trägermediums mit bzw. von wasserstoff sowie anlage mit einer derartigen reaktor-vorrichtung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10589247B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN108136356A (de) |
DE (2) | DE102015219306A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017060362A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102019202657A1 (de) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-08-27 | Hydrogenious Lohc Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und Trennapparat zum Trennen eines Mediengemischs sowie Verfahren und Anordnung zum Bereitsstellen von Wasserstoff |
FR3098510B1 (fr) | 2019-07-11 | 2021-11-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Générateur de dihydrogène |
DE102022205291A1 (de) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-11-30 | Hydrogenious Lohc Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und Reaktoranordnung zum Hydrieren eines Wasserstoffträgermediums |
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WO2004088227A2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-14 | Conocophillips Company | Process and apparatus for controlling flow in a multiphase reactor |
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WO2015087211A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-18 | Sasol Technology Proprietary Limited | A method of shutting down an operating three-phase slurry bubble column reactor |
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NL8401064A (nl) * | 1984-04-04 | 1985-11-01 | Dow Chemical Nederland | Werkwijze voor de dehydrogenering van een koolwaterstof, een apparaat voor het uitvoeren van chemische reacties en een methode voor het daarin uitvoeren van die reacties. |
DE3439175A1 (de) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-05-07 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung einer endothermen reaktion |
DE4435839A1 (de) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-11 | Bayer Ag | Schlammphasenreaktor und dessen Verwendung |
US6541525B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2003-04-01 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Slurry catalyst rejuvenation in-situ in slurry reactor |
SK285692B6 (sk) * | 2002-11-26 | 2007-06-07 | Novácke Chemické Závody, Akciová Spoločnosť | Zariadenie tvaru dvoch súosových stojatých valcovpre podmienky chemických technológií a spôsob jeho využitia |
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DE102007027372A1 (de) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Cognis Oleochemicals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Glycerin |
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EP2331254A4 (de) * | 2008-07-29 | 2012-03-21 | Emerging Fuels Technology Inc | Polsterplattenreaktor und verfahren |
DE102010038491A1 (de) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kraftstoffversorgungseinrichtung für Wasserstoff-Kraftfahrzeuge |
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2015
- 2015-10-06 DE DE102015219306.3A patent/DE102015219306A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-10-06 WO PCT/EP2016/073897 patent/WO2017060362A1/de active Application Filing
- 2016-10-06 US US15/766,120 patent/US10589247B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-06 CN CN201680058451.8A patent/CN108136356A/zh active Pending
- 2016-10-06 DE DE112016004573.5T patent/DE112016004573A5/de active Pending
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WO2004088227A2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-14 | Conocophillips Company | Process and apparatus for controlling flow in a multiphase reactor |
EP1475349A2 (de) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-10 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Wasserstoffspeicherung mittels reversibler Hydrogenierung pi-konjugierter Substrate |
WO2006097906A1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-21 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Production of liquid and, optionally, gaseous products from gaseous reactants |
US20120164034A1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-06-28 | Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. | Catalyst structure and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction module using the same catalyst structure |
EP2742994A1 (de) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | Emerging Fuels Technology Inc. | Horizontaler Dreiphasenreaktor |
WO2015087211A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-18 | Sasol Technology Proprietary Limited | A method of shutting down an operating three-phase slurry bubble column reactor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102015219306A1 (de) | 2017-04-06 |
DE112016004573A5 (de) | 2018-07-12 |
US10589247B2 (en) | 2020-03-17 |
US20180290116A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
CN108136356A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
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