WO2016173775A1 - Reaktor-vorrichtung zum freisetzen eines gases aus einem edukt - Google Patents
Reaktor-vorrichtung zum freisetzen eines gases aus einem edukt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016173775A1 WO2016173775A1 PCT/EP2016/056153 EP2016056153W WO2016173775A1 WO 2016173775 A1 WO2016173775 A1 WO 2016173775A1 EP 2016056153 W EP2016056153 W EP 2016056153W WO 2016173775 A1 WO2016173775 A1 WO 2016173775A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- educt
- flow channel
- reactor
- gas
- reactor device
- Prior art date
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 90
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
- B01J7/02—Apparatus for generating gases by wet methods
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- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
- B01J8/0214—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
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- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00141—Coils
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00893—Feeding means for the reactants
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
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- B01J2219/1925—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor polygonal square or square-derived prismatic
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- B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
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- B01J2219/2467—Additional heat exchange means, e.g. electric resistance heaters, coils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2219/2476—Construction materials
- B01J2219/2477—Construction materials of the catalysts
- B01J2219/2481—Catalysts in granular from between plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2491—Other constructional details
- B01J2219/2492—Assembling means
- B01J2219/2493—Means for assembling plates together, e.g. sealing means, screws, bolts
- B01J2219/2495—Means for assembling plates together, e.g. sealing means, screws, bolts the plates being assembled interchangeably or in a disposable way
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2491—Other constructional details
- B01J2219/2492—Assembling means
- B01J2219/2496—Means for assembling modules together, e.g. casings, holders, fluidic connectors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
Definitions
- the present patent application claims the benefit of German Patent Application DE 10 2015 208 009.9, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the invention relates to a reactor device for releasing a gas from a starting material.
- WO 2014/044706 Al discloses a reactor for releasing hydrogen gas, ie for dehydrogenation, from a liquid hydrogen carrier medium as educt.
- the flow of the starting material in the reactor in particular through a catalyst packing, causes pressure loss and flow dead zones.
- the flow of the educt in the reactor is hardly influenced.
- a heating of the catalyst is only possible from below.
- the heat input into the reaction medium, the educt, is impaired.
- the reaction volume is reduced.
- the catalyst is ineffective.
- the invention has for its object to provide a reactor device with which a gas from an educt can be released economically efficient.
- a reactor device having the features specified in claim 1.
- the gist of the invention is that a reactor device has at least one open geometry reactor arranged in a reactor housing.
- the open geometry results from the fact that an educt flow channel, in which a catalyst is introduced, is connected to a gas collecting space arranged above the educt flow channel for collecting the gas released from the educt.
- Gas, in particular hydrogen, from the starting material, in particular in liquid form, in particular a Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) or other hydrogenated material has been released, can automatically flow from the educt flow channel into the gas collecting space and collected there. The collected gas can then be removed from the single reactor into the reactor housing and out of the reactor device.
- LOHC Liquid organic hydrogen carrier
- the reactor housing is in particular a pressure vessel which, in particular along a longitudinal axis, has a constant geometry, in particular a constant cross-sectional area. Transversely and in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a bottom plate of the single reactor is oriented.
- the educt flow channel serves to flow through educt and runs in particular along the bottom plate.
- the educt flow channel provides an educt flow direction. The flow of the educt is channeled.
- the liquid educt follows a specific flow direction. It is possible to ensure high residence times for the educt in the reactor apparatus, in particular in the single reactor. Due to the high residence time of the educt in the single reactor, the reaction rate of the reactor apparatus is increased.
- the amount of released gas from the educt is increased.
- the educt flow direction is arranged, in particular, in an educt flow plane which is aligned parallel to the base plate.
- a catalyst is provided in the educt flow channel.
- the catalyst favors the release of the gas from the educt.
- the starting material contacts the catalyst immediately.
- a heat unit is used for, in particular immediate, heating of the catalyst and / or the educt.
- the erfmdungs- Reactor device allows improved heat transfer from the heat unit in the catalyst and / or in the educt.
- the reactor device according to the invention allows an increased ratio of surface area of the heat unit to volume of educt and / or catalyst.
- the heat input from the heat unit in the catalyst and / or in the educt is increased.
- the surface to volume ratio is about 150 m -1 .
- the release of hydrogen is simplified and thus favored.
- the reaction with which a disproportionately large volume of gas can be separated from a reduced volume of the liquid educt can be reasonably carried out economically.
- the gas volume is up to 700 times greater than the volume of the liquid starting material. Characterized in that the reactor device and in particular the single reactor is designed with an open geometry, the released gas can pass directly and in particular automatically from the educt flow channel into the gas collecting space.
- the reactor device is in particular modular. This means that more than one single reactor can be arranged in the reactor device. Due to the modularity, a single reactor can be used flexibly and in particular with Duced installation effort in the reactor housing mounted or dismounted. The variation in the number of single reactors in the reactor apparatus is straightforward.
- the reactor device can be easily adapted to a desired or required working volume of the gas to be released.
- the individual reactors may be arranged along the longitudinal axis such that the respective bottom plates are arranged parallel to one another, spaced apart.
- Each individual reactor allows a concrete, in particular settable reaction volume, ie a predetermined gas volume which can be separated from the educt.
- the modular design of the reactor apparatus makes it possible to individually adjust the reaction volume of the reactor apparatus for an impending reaction by immediately changing the number of individual reactors.
- the reactor apparatus is flexibly adaptable to a reaction to be performed in terms of reaction performance characteristics.
- the single reactor is particularly easy to produce.
- the educt flow channel is defined by baffles and / or heat exchanger tubes.
- the educt flow channel is laterally delimited by boundary elements along the educt flow direction. Limiting elements may be, for example, guide plates and / or heat exchanger tubes and / or the reactor housing itself, in particular a side wall of the reactor housing.
- the baffles and / or heat exchanger tubes may be pre-bent. The manufacturing effort is reduced.
- the heat unit in particular allows direct heating of the catalyst, that is the catalyst material. In particular, it is possible to arrange the catalyst as a loose bed of catalyst particles along the educt flow channel.
- the height of the bed corresponds in particular to the height of the delimiting elements, in particular the heat exchanger tubes and / or the baffles.
- the baffles can be heated in particular directly.
- the heat transfer from the heat unit into the catalyst is thereby improved.
- the reactor device in particular the parts of the reactor housing, which come into direct contact with the catalyst material or at least close to the catalyst, so close to reaction, can be made of metal, in particular of copper or brass.
- the parts of the reactor housing, on which the catalyst material is applied as a loose bed, that is to say, for example, a bottom wall and / or the delimiting elements, are produced from good heat-conductive material.
- the reaction conditions for the endothermic reaction in the reactor are improved by these materials because of their high thermal conductivity.
- heat transport is improved in the endothermic reaction.
- the bottom plate and / or the educt flow channel or the educt flow channel limiting elements such as baffles and / or heat transfer elements may be made of these materials.
- the first length is at least half of a total length of the educt flow channel, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, in particular at least 95% and in particular at most 100% of the total length.
- the release of the gas from the educt is not hindered.
- the released gas volume which is up to 700 times greater than the volume of the liquid starting material, is spatially unlimited.
- the released gas in particular hydrogen gas, can develop unhindered and in particular escape freely from the educt flow channel.
- the gas collecting chamber volume is many times greater than the educt flow channel volume, the multiple being greater than 1.
- the gas collecting chamber volume is in particular more than 150% of the volume of the educt flow channel, in particular at least 200%. , in particular at least 300%, in particular at least 400%, in particular at least 500%, in particular at least 750%, in particular at least 1000% and in particular at most 10,000% of the volume of the reactant flow channel.
- a reactor device in which a gas flow direction is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicular to the educt flow direction, makes it possible to light unimpeded release of the gas from the educt.
- the gas flow direction is defined by the educt flow channel as the gas source and the gas collecting space as the gas target.
- the gas flow direction is oriented from the educt flow channel to the gas collecting space.
- a reactor device in which the educt flow channel facing the gas collecting chamber is open, allows an automatic escape of the released gas, in particular of hydrogen gas. In particular, covering the educt flow channel is unnecessary. The educt flow channel is uncomplicated. The production of the educt flow channel is simplified and therefore inexpensive.
- a reactor device with at least one gas discharge opening of the gas collecting space is used for targeted removal of the gas from the gas collecting space.
- suitable gas discharge lines can be connected in each case.
- the gas from the gas collecting space can be selectively supplied for further use.
- a plurality of gas discharge openings can be provided.
- a flow cross-section provided by the at least one gas discharge opening for gas to be discharged makes it possible to discharge the gas at a sufficient flow rate. An overpressure in the gas collecting space due to a drainage obstruction is prevented.
- the at least one gas discharge opening is designed in particular with a round cross section.
- the gas discharge opening may also have a different cross section.
- a gas discharge line arranged at the gas discharge opening is intended to allow the released gas, in particular hydrogen, to flow out of the pressure vessel, in particular without the influence of a convection effect.
- the gas discharge line is in particular in a lower region of the pressure vessel ters, ie in a bottom region of the pressure vessel, arranged.
- the gas discharge lines are provided in a different arrangement in the pressure vessel.
- a reactor apparatus in which the catalyst is present as a loose bed of catalyst particles enables uncomplicated and flexible equipping of the single reactor with the catalyst.
- the catalyst particles are present in particular as pellets, ie as individual particles.
- the average diameter is in a range of 0.01 mm to 20 mm, more preferably 0.05 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 8 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm, and most preferably 1 mm up to 3 mm.
- the catalyst particles are arranged on the bottom plate and in particular in the open educt flow channel through which the educt flows.
- catalysts in particular for the dehydrogenation of LOHC, in particular mixtures of at least one metal or a metal oxide with a carrier material, in particular noble metals, and an inorganic carrier material are used.
- a mixture may be, for example, platinum with alumina and platinum with carbon or other metals such as nickel, palladium, rhodium, gold, iridium, osmium, rhenium, copper and / or iron.
- a reactor device in which the heat unit has at least one heat transfer flow channel through which the heat transfer medium flows enables a comparatively long residence time of the heat transfer medium in the single reactor, at the same flow rate. ness.
- the ratio of the surface area of the heat unit to the volume of educt and / or catalyst is additionally increased.
- a heat transfer medium has a cost advantage.
- the integration of an electric heater into an already existing heating network is complicated.
- the heat unit with a heat transfer medium can be easily connected to an existing heating network.
- the heat transfer flow channel has a pipeline, with closed pipes being provided for this purpose. It can be used semi-finished steel.
- the tubes for the heat transfer flow channel may have different shaped cross sections such as round, square, polygonal, oval, star-shaped, wherein the outer surface may have a certain minimum roughness and / or a coating.
- a catalyst or a roughness former can serve as a coating.
- the wall thickness of the tubes for the heat transfer flow channel should be as low as possible.
- the minimum wall thickness of the tubes may be, for example, at least 0.5 mm, depending on the strength requirements. It is also conceivable that the minimum wall thickness is 1.0 mm or more.
- the heat transfer flow channel is arranged in particular along the bottom plate and in particular spaced from the bottom plate.
- the heat transfer flow channel is in particular firmly connected to the bottom plate, for example by means of a plurality of punctiform connection points, in particular welding points.
- the joints also serve as spacers.
- the heat transfer flow channel is oriented in particular parallel to the bottom plate and in particular transversely and / or parallel to the educt flow channel.
- the heat transfer medium flow direction is opposite to the educt flow direction.
- a heat transfer from the heat transfer medium to the Educt is preferably carried out in countercurrent process, since it is particularly effective in terms of heat transfer.
- the heat unit can be designed as a burner with a arranged below the catalyst, enclosed space for direct heating.
- a reactor device in which the reactor housing and / or the individual reactor have a heat insulation layer has reduced heat losses.
- a heat-insulating layer is arranged on an underside of the bottom plate facing away from the heat unit.
- the efficiency of the reactor device is improved.
- a reactor apparatus having a purification unit for separating entrained and / or vaporized educt in the released gas improves the quality, in particular the purity, of the reaction product. As a result of the reaction, it is hardly avoidable that reactant constituents remain in the released gas.
- the purification unit which can be connected in particular to the gas collecting space, these unwanted educt constituents are removed.
- these constituents are removed by a fabric material, in particular a fabric sheath, through which the gas / educt mixture flows, in particular when it leaves the gas collecting space through the at least one gas discharge opening.
- the fabric jacket serves as a droplet catcher for entrained, dehydrogenated educt, in particular dehydrated LOHC.
- the fabric sheath is arranged in particular between stacked bottom plates and / or in the form of a filter at a gas discharge opening.
- the purification unit is designed in particular as a droplet catcher.
- the fabric may include, for example, woven fibers, oriented fibers, unoriented and nonwoven compressed fibers.
- the fabric may be made homogeneous, for example made of textile or plastic, or of various other materials.
- the deposition can also be effected by condensation and / or adsorption.
- a reactor apparatus in which the reactor housing is made substantially cylindrical, allows a particularly compact and space-saving arrangement of a plurality of circular or annular bottom plates of individual reactors along the longitudinal axis of the reactor housing.
- the individual reactors are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis. arranged one another.
- the distance along the longitudinal axis between two adjacent individual reactors is in particular at least 10 mm.
- a reactor device in which the heat unit has a spiral-shaped heat transfer flow channel allows an increased flow length of the heat transfer medium in the heat unit.
- the heat input from the heat transfer medium via the heat transfer flow channel to the educt and / or catalyst in the educt flow channel is improved.
- the heat transfer flow channel may be in the form of an archimetric spiral or a logarithmic spiral.
- the educt flow channel is designed as a gap between two adjacent spiral turns of the heat transfer flow channel. This means that two adjacent spiral turns serve as flow guide elements.
- the residence time of the educt in the educt flow channel is increased. The flow length and thus the residence time of the educt in the single reactor is increased.
- the open geometry ie the outflow area of the educt flow channel in the gas collecting space is increased.
- the volume of the gas to be released is increased.
- the total length of the educt flow channel is increased.
- the educt flow channel is particularly uncomplicated and inexpensive.
- a reactor device with a collection chamber of the single reactor allows a particularly effective supply and discharge of the heat transfer medium and / or the educt.
- the collection chamber is arranged in particular centrally and in particular concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the reactor housing. About the collection chamber, the connection of two adjacent single-reactors along the longitudinal axis is simplified.
- the collection chamber may include a collection chamber housing to which in particular at collection chamber end faces, collecting chamber connecting elements can be arranged, which favors the modular connection of individual reactors. For example, arranged in the collection chamber heat transfer medium and / or educt lines via standardized connection interfaces can be connected to each other in a simplified manner.
- the reactor device may also have a reactor housing which is designed substantially cuboid or prismatic.
- the bottom plates of the individual reactors are correspondingly polygonal, in particular rectangular, designed.
- the floor panels can also be triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal or in another form.
- baffles serve as guide elements.
- the baffles can be flexibly and reliably connected to the bottom plate, for example by welding. It is also conceivable that the baffles are variably fixed by means of a provided on the bottom plate grid structure. For this purpose, provided in a grid arrangement holes may be provided in the bottom plate. In the holes holding elements can be introduced, which are used for clamping support of the baffles. It is also conceivable that holding pins are integrally formed on a lower end face of the baffles, which are inserted into the bores of the bottom plate.
- the educt flow channel is in particular along the rectangular bottom plate meander-shaped.
- the residence time of the educt in the single reactor and thus the reactivity of the reactor device is increased overall.
- a reactor device in which the bottom plate has a gradient directed from an educt feed opening to an educt discharge opening and / or an educt feed pump is provided ensures a reliable educt flow through the single reactor. The risk of educt congestion adversely affecting the reaction volume of the gas to be released is reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional, schematic overall view of a reactor device according to a first embodiment
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a single reactor of the reactor apparatus in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a Fig. 2 corresponding representation of a single reactor according to a second exemplary embodiment.
- a reactor device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 serves to liberate hydrogen from liquid LOHC.
- the reactor device 1 is a dehydrating device.
- the reactor device 1 is a plate dehydrogenator. In principle, the reactor device is suitable for releasing a gas from a, in particular liquid, educt.
- the reactor device 1 has a schematically illustrated reactor housing 2.
- the reactor housing 2 is essentially cylindrical and has a longitudinal axis 3.
- the reactor housing 2 is a pressure vessel.
- six individual reactors 4 are arranged along the longitudinal axis 3 according to the embodiment shown.
- the individual reactors 4 are each made identical. By increasing the number of individual reactors 4, the performance of the reactor apparatus 1, in particular the reaction volume, can be increased.
- the individual reactors 4 can be connected together as often as desired along the longitudinal axis 3.
- the reactor device 1 is modular. The addition or removal of individual reactors 4 is uncomplicated and possible in particular with reduced installation costs.
- the individual reactors 4 each have an annular base plate 5 with a central opening.
- the annular bottom plate 5 is limited to the longitudinal axis 3 by an inner cylinder web 6 and to the reactor housing 2 with an outer cylinder land 7.
- Through the annular bottom plate 5, the inner cylinder web 6 and the outer cylinder web. 7 is a reaction space of the single reactor 4 limited.
- the reaction space of the single reactor 4 is designed to be open at the top, ie in a direction away from the bottom plate 5.
- Within the inner cylinder land 6, a collection chamber 8 is arranged within the inner cylinder land 6, a collection chamber 8 is arranged.
- the collection chamber 8 is designed substantially cylindrical and serves to supply the single reactor 4 with heat transfer medium, which is sold for example with the trade name Marlotherm SH of Sasol, and starting material, so LOHC.
- heat transfer medium which is sold for example with the trade name Marlotherm SH of Sasol, and starting material, so LOHC.
- the individual reactors 4 are coupled together.
- the four in the collection chamber 8 arranged supply / discharge lines are coupled together. It is possible to provide a central supply unit which supplies the interconnected collection chambers 8 of the individual reactors 4 with educt and heat transfer medium.
- a heat transfer medium supply line 9 is provided, which enters from the inner cylinder web 6 and adjacent to the bottom plate 5 in the reaction space.
- a spiral-shaped heat carrier flow channel 10 is formed by the heat transfer medium pipeline, which results, starting from the inner cylinder web 6, as an Archimedean spiral to the outside.
- Two adjacent spiral lines of the heat transfer flow channel 10 have an identical, radially oriented to the longitudinal axis 3 distance.
- the heat transfer flow channel 10 is arranged in a heat carrier plane, which is oriented parallel to the bottom plate 5. According to the embodiment shown, the spiral of the heat carrier flow channel 10 is designed such that four complete revolutions are provided around the longitudinal axis 3 of the heat transfer pipe.
- the heat transfer pipe Adjacent to the bottom plate 5, the heat transfer pipe is led out through the outer cylinder land 7 and returned to the collection chamber 8 by means of a heat transfer medium return line 11.
- a heat transfer medium return line 11 About the collection chamber 8, the heat transfer medium supply line 9 and the heat transfer medium return line 11 may be connected to an external heat transfer medium supply.
- the heat transfer medium flow direction is thus along the heat transfer flow channel 10 spirally from the inside, the inner cylinder land 6, outwardly, to the outer cylinder land 7, oriented.
- the helical arrangement of the heat transfer flow channel 10 results in intermediate spaces, either between the inner cylinder web 6 and the heat transfer flow channel 10, between two adjacent turns of the heat transfer flow channel 10 or between the heat transfer flow channel 10 and the outer cylinder land 7.
- Test Zwi Ranges are also essentially spiral-shaped.
- the interspaces form a reactant flow channel 12.
- the feed of the starting material to the educt flow channel 12 takes place via an educt feed line 13 on the outer cylinder web 7.
- the educt is discharged via the educt discharge line 14 of the collecting chamber 8.
- the educt thus flows with respect to the longitudinal axis 3 substantially from outside to inside.
- the educt flow direction is oriented opposite to the heat carrier flow direction.
- the heat exchange takes place in countercurrent process and is therefore particularly efficient.
- feedstock supply line 13 and feedstock discharge line 14 a central supply of starting material from a reactant store 15, which according to the exemplary embodiment shown can be arranged in the bottom area of the reactor housing 2, is possible. It is also conceivable that in the collecting chamber 8, a central heating is arranged.
- the heat transfer flow channel can then be dispensable.
- a catalyst in the form of a loose bed of catalyst particles is provided in the educt flow channel 12. Starting material flowing along the educt flow channel 12, comes directly in contact with the catalyst.
- a closed circulation line system may be provided along which a feed pump, not shown, for conveying the heat transfer medium is provided.
- the educt flow channel 12 can be designed for flow promotion with a gradient that is carried out from the educt supply line 13 to the educt discharge line 14.
- the bottom plate 5 could be designed with a gradient from the outer cylinder web 7 toward the inner cylinder web 6. In this case, the bottom plate is frustoconical.
- the educt flow channel 12 is designed to be open at the top. In particular, an upper cover of the educt flow channel 12 is not provided.
- the educt flow channel 12 is designed to be open at the top along its entire length and thus connected directly to a gas collecting space 16 located above it.
- the gas collecting space 16 is arranged within the individual reactor 4 and in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 3 through the inner cylinder web 6 and the outer ren cylinder web 7 limited.
- a plurality, according to the exemplary embodiment shown eight gas discharge openings 17 are provided to purge the gas released from the starting material from the gas collecting space via the gas Abmhrötechniken 17 and connected thereto, not shown gas discharge lines.
- the gas is discharged through an annular space between the individual reactors 4 and the reactor housing 2 in the reactor apparatus 1.
- the gas can be passed through a tissue jacket designed as a droplet catcher in order to deposit unintentionally entrained or evaporated educt in the gas.
- the inner diameter of the pressure vessel is greater than the outer diameter of the bottom plate 5 and the outer cylinder land 7.
- the radially outwardly leading pipes for example, the heat transfer return line 1 1, the educt feed line 13 and / or the gas discharge lines, not shown, have minimized contact surfaces on to heat losses to the outside, ie from the individual reactors 4 out to reduce.
- the educt supply line 13 may be connected via a, in particular centrally controlled, educt pump. In particular, this makes it possible to allow a pressure-controlled educt feed to the bottom plates 5.
- the hydrogenated educt can be metered into the bottom plate 5, on which optimum reaction conditions for dehydrogenation prevail as a function of pressure and / or temperature.
- the individual reactors 4 of the reactor device 1 are fed with starting material as LOHC liquid via the educt feed line 13, that is to say in the region of the outer cylinder web 7.
- the educt flows along the educt flow channel 12 in a tapering spiral towards the inner cylinder web 6 and there opens, in particular automatically, as a result of a gradient in the Edukt- discharge line 14 of the collection chamber 8.
- the educt flow is additionally supported by a central pump device, with which the liquid educt is circulated.
- catalyst particulate material is provided.
- the heat transfer medium gives off heat to the catalyst particle material and to the educt in the educt flow channel 12. Due to the elevated temperature and contact of the reactant with the catalyst, hydrogen gas is released. The hydrogen gas can escape independently along the entire length of the upwardly open educt flow channel 12 into the gas collecting space 16 of the single reactor 4. From the gas collecting space 16, the hydrogen gas can be discharged through the gas discharge openings 17 and the gas discharge lines, not shown.
- the reactor device 1 is uncomplicated and inexpensive and allows a particularly efficient implementation of the separation process from.
- Structurally identical parts receive the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, to the description of which reference is hereby made.
- Structurally different but functionally similar parts receive the same reference numerals with a following a.
- FIG. 3 shows a single reactor 4a, in which the bottom plate 5a has a rectangular shape.
- the single reactor 4a is designed in a cuboid.
- a plurality of individual reactors 4a can be arranged one above the other along a longitudinal axis, which is oriented perpendicular to the bottom plates 5a.
- a circumferential boundary web 7a is provided on an outer circumference of the bottom plate 5a.
- heat transfer medium supply openings 9a and on the respective opposite side walls of heat transfer return lines I Ia are provided.
- four heat carrier flow channels 10a are passed through the single reactor 4a.
- the heat carrier flow channels 10a are oriented parallel to each other and in particular parallel to the longer side edges of the rectangular boundary web 7a. It can also be provided more or less than four heat transfer flow channels 10a. According to the embodiment shown, the heat carrier flow channels 10a are designed as hollow cylinder tubes. The pipes may also have a different cross section.
- lateral flow guide elements in the form of baffles 18 are provided.
- the baffles 18 each extend from the longer side walls of the rectangular skirt 7a alternately over about 80% of the width of the bottom plate 5a.
- a meandering educt flow channel 12a is predetermined.
- the educt feed line 13a is provided in accordance with FIG. 3 at the top right and the educt discharge line 14a according to FIG. 3 at the bottom left. That is, the main flow direction of the reactant follows substantially along the width direction of the bottom plate 5a.
- the meandering flow is directed in particular perpendicular to the linear flow direction through the heat transfer flow channels 10a.
- the catalyst particles are arranged.
- the bed is not higher than the height of the flow baffle 18. At the same time, the starting material should completely cover the catalyst pellets.
- the meandering design of the educt flow channel 12a ensures a comparatively long residence time of the educt in the individual reactor 4a.
- the educt flow channel 12a is designed to be open at the top so that the released gas can automatically escape upward in accordance with the first embodiment.
- a double jacket 19 is provided for additional heating of the educt and / or the catalyst.
- the bottom plate 5a can also be designed with a double jacket. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the bottom plate 5a is arranged inclined so that the educt feed line 13a forms the highest and the educt discharge line 14a the lowest point of the individual reactor 4a. An automatic flow of the educt along the educt flow channel 12a is favored thereby. Even a forced flow by means of a pump can be considered.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201680024958.1A CN107530668B (zh) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-03-21 | 用于从起始物料释放气体的反应器装置 |
US15/570,092 US10322391B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-03-21 | Reactor device for the release of a gas from a starting material |
DE112016001955.6T DE112016001955A5 (de) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-03-21 | Reaktor-Vorrichtung zum Freisetzen eines Gases aus einem Edukt |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015208009.9A DE102015208009A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 | 2015-04-30 | Reaktor-Vorrichtung zum Freisetzen eines Gases aus einem Edukt |
DE102015208009.9 | 2015-04-30 |
Publications (1)
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WO2016173775A1 true WO2016173775A1 (de) | 2016-11-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2016/056153 WO2016173775A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-03-21 | Reaktor-vorrichtung zum freisetzen eines gases aus einem edukt |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10322391B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN107530668B (de) |
DE (2) | DE102015208009A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016173775A1 (de) |
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CN108854929A (zh) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-23 | 北京国能中林科技开发有限公司 | 一种适用于液态氢源材料的脱氢反应的降膜反应器 |
CN109126658A (zh) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-04 | 北京国能中林科技开发有限公司 | 一种适用于液态氢源材料的脱氢反应的微通道反应器及其脱氢方法 |
DE102021203887A1 (de) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-20 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Freisetzen eines Gases aus einem Trägermaterial |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070100094A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Yount Thomas L | Reactor with optimized internal tray design |
WO2009056488A1 (de) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-07 | Basf Se | Horizontaler reaktor zur umsetzung eines fluiden eduktstromes mit einem fluiden oxidatorstrom in gegenwart eines feststoffkatalysators |
FR2927323A3 (fr) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-14 | Renault Sas | Systeme de production d'hydrogene a bord d'un vehicule automobile utilisant notamment la deshydrogenation de composes organiques |
WO2014044706A1 (de) | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-27 | H2-Industries AG | Anordnung und verfahren zur bereitstellung von energie für stationäre und/oder mobile einrichtungen |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2004250256A (ja) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-09-09 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 水素貯蔵・発生装置 |
US7220699B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-05-22 | Intelligent Energy, Inc. | Catalyst incorporation in a microreactor |
US7585338B2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2009-09-08 | Atuhiro Yoshizaki | Hydrogen generating apparatus |
DE102008034221A1 (de) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kraftstoffversorgungseinrichtung für ein mit Wasserstoff betreibbares Kraftfahrzeug |
FR2960452B1 (fr) * | 2010-05-31 | 2017-01-06 | Corning Inc | Dispositif formant microreacteur equipe de moyens de collecte et d'evacuation in situ du gaz forme et procede associe |
-
2015
- 2015-04-30 DE DE102015208009.9A patent/DE102015208009A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-03-21 CN CN201680024958.1A patent/CN107530668B/zh active Active
- 2016-03-21 US US15/570,092 patent/US10322391B2/en active Active
- 2016-03-21 DE DE112016001955.6T patent/DE112016001955A5/de active Pending
- 2016-03-21 WO PCT/EP2016/056153 patent/WO2016173775A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070100094A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Yount Thomas L | Reactor with optimized internal tray design |
WO2009056488A1 (de) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-07 | Basf Se | Horizontaler reaktor zur umsetzung eines fluiden eduktstromes mit einem fluiden oxidatorstrom in gegenwart eines feststoffkatalysators |
FR2927323A3 (fr) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-14 | Renault Sas | Systeme de production d'hydrogene a bord d'un vehicule automobile utilisant notamment la deshydrogenation de composes organiques |
WO2014044706A1 (de) | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-27 | H2-Industries AG | Anordnung und verfahren zur bereitstellung von energie für stationäre und/oder mobile einrichtungen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN107530668A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
US20180141017A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
CN107530668B (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
DE112016001955A5 (de) | 2018-01-25 |
US10322391B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
DE102015208009A1 (de) | 2016-11-03 |
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