WO2017057577A1 - 露光装置、フラットパネルディスプレイの製造方法、デバイス製造方法、及び露光方法 - Google Patents
露光装置、フラットパネルディスプレイの製造方法、デバイス製造方法、及び露光方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- G03F7/70591—Testing optical components
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34746—Linear encoders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exposure apparatus, a flat panel display manufacturing method, a device manufacturing method, and an exposure method, and more particularly, an exposure apparatus and exposure method for exposing an object with illumination light, and a flat panel using the exposure apparatus.
- the present invention relates to a display or device manufacturing method.
- a lithography process for manufacturing electronic devices such as liquid crystal display elements, semiconductor elements (integrated circuits, etc.), a mask (photomask) or reticle (hereinafter collectively referred to as “mask”), a glass plate or A step-and-step of transferring a pattern formed on a mask onto a substrate using an energy beam while synchronously moving a wafer (hereinafter collectively referred to as a “substrate”) along a predetermined scanning direction (scanning direction).
- a scanning exposure apparatus a so-called scanning stepper (also called a scanner)) or the like is used.
- an exposure apparatus including an optical interferometer system that obtains position information of a substrate to be exposed in a horizontal plane using a bar mirror (long mirror) of a substrate stage apparatus is known (for example, a patent). Reference 1).
- the influence of so-called air fluctuation cannot be ignored.
- the influence of the air fluctuation can be reduced by using an encoder system, it is difficult to prepare a scale capable of covering the entire movement range of the substrate due to the recent increase in size of the substrate.
- an exposure apparatus that exposes an object with illumination light through a projection optical system, the holding apparatus holding the object, a measuring unit, and a measured unit, A position measuring unit that acquires position information of the holding unit based on an output of the measuring unit, a first driving unit that relatively moves one of the measuring unit and the measured unit on the holding unit with respect to the other; An exposure apparatus is provided.
- a flat panel display manufacturing method comprising: exposing the object using the exposure apparatus according to the first aspect; and developing the exposed object. Provided.
- a device manufacturing method including exposing the object using the exposure apparatus according to the first aspect and developing the exposed object.
- an exposure method for exposing an object with illumination light through a projection optical system based on an output of the measurement unit of a position measurement unit including a measurement unit and a measurement target unit. Acquiring positional information of a holding unit that holds the object, and relatively moving one of the measurement unit and the measured unit on the holding unit with respect to the other by a first driving unit.
- An exposure method comprising is provided.
- FIG. 2A schematically shows a configuration of a mask encoder system provided in the liquid crystal exposure apparatus of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B shows a part of the mask encoder system (A part of FIG. 2A). It is an enlarged view.
- FIGS. 3A to 3E are views (Nos. 1 to 5) for explaining the head output splicing process in the mask encoder system and the substrate encoder system.
- 4A and 4B are conceptual diagrams (a side view and a plan view, respectively) of the substrate encoder system according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 4C is a specific example of the substrate encoder system.
- FIG. 3A to 3E are views (Nos. 1 to 5) for explaining the head output splicing process in the mask encoder system and the substrate encoder system.
- 4A and 4B are conceptual diagrams (a side view and a plan view, respectively) of the substrate encoder system according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4C is a specific example of the substrate encoder system.
- FIG. 5 (A) and 5 (B) are enlarged views of a part of the substrate encoder system (B portion in FIG. 4 (C)).
- FIG. 8A is a diagram (part 1) illustrating the operation of the mask encoder system during the exposure operation
- FIG. 8B is a diagram (part 1) illustrating the operation of the substrate encoder system during the exposure operation. is there.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram (part 2) showing the operation of the mask encoder system during the exposure operation
- FIG. 9B is a diagram (part 2) showing the operation of the substrate encoder system during the exposure operation. is there.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram (part 3) illustrating the operation of the mask encoder system during the exposure operation
- FIG. 10B is a diagram (part 3) illustrating the operation of the substrate encoder system during the exposure operation.
- 11A and 11B are conceptual diagrams (side view and plan view) of the substrate encoder system according to the second embodiment, respectively
- FIG. 11C is a specific example of the substrate encoder system.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of the board
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams (No. 1 and No. 2) for explaining the configuration of a measurement system for obtaining the distance between a pair of heads.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams (No. 1 and No. 2) for explaining the configuration of a measurement system for obtaining the tilt amount of the Y slide table. It is a figure which shows the irradiation point of the measurement beam on an encoder scale.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of a liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10 employs a step-and-scan method in which a rectangular (square) glass substrate P (hereinafter simply referred to as a substrate P) used in, for example, a liquid crystal display device (flat panel display) is an exposure object.
- a projection exposure apparatus a so-called scanner.
- the liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10 has an illumination system 12, a mask stage apparatus 14 that holds a mask M on which a circuit pattern and the like are formed, a projection optical system 16, an apparatus body 18, and a resist (surface facing the + Z side in FIG. 1) on the surface. It has a substrate stage device 20 that holds a substrate P coated with (sensitive agent), a control system for these, and the like.
- the direction in which the mask M and the substrate P are relatively scanned with respect to the projection optical system 16 at the time of exposure is defined as the X-axis direction
- the direction orthogonal to the X-axis in the horizontal plane is defined as the Y-axis direction, the X-axis, and the Y-axis
- the orthogonal direction is the Z-axis direction
- the rotation directions around the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are the ⁇ x, ⁇ y, and ⁇ z directions, respectively.
- the positions in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are the X position, the Y position, and the Z position, respectively.
- the illumination system 12 is configured similarly to the illumination system disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,729,331.
- the illumination system 12 irradiates light emitted from a light source (not shown) (for example, a mercury lamp) through exposure mirrors (not shown), dichroic mirrors, shutters, wavelength selection filters, various lenses, and the like. ) Irradiate the mask M as IL.
- a light source for example, a mercury lamp
- the illumination light IL for example, light such as i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or the combined light of the i-line, g-line, and h-line is used.
- the mask stage device 14 drives the mask M with a predetermined long stroke in the scanning direction (X-axis direction), for example, by holding the mask M by vacuum suction, for example, and appropriately in the Y-axis direction and the ⁇ z direction.
- Mask driving system 91 (not shown in FIG. 1; see FIG. 7) for fine driving, and mask for obtaining positional information (including information on the amount of rotation in the ⁇ z direction) in the XY plane of the mask holder 40. Includes position measurement system.
- the mask holder 40 is composed of a frame-like member in which an opening having a rectangular shape in plan view is formed as disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0030702.
- the mask holder 40 is placed on a pair of mask guides 42 fixed to the upper base 18a that is a part of the apparatus main body 18, for example, via an air bearing (not shown).
- the mask drive system 91 includes, for example, a linear motor (not shown).
- the mask position measurement system includes a pair of encoder head units 44 (hereinafter simply referred to as head units 44) fixed to the upper base 18a via the encoder base 43, and the pair of head units 44 on the lower surface of the mask holder 40.
- the projection optical system 16 is disposed below the mask stage device 14.
- the projection optical system 16 is a so-called multi-lens projection optical system having the same configuration as the projection optical system disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 6,552,775, and is a double-sided telecentric equal magnification system.
- a plurality of optical systems (for example, 11 in this embodiment, see FIG. 2A) for forming a vertical image are provided.
- the illumination light passing through the mask M causes the mask M in the illumination area via the projection optical system 16.
- a projection image (partial upright image) of the circuit pattern is formed in an irradiation region (exposure region) of illumination light conjugate to the illumination region on the substrate P. Then, the mask M moves relative to the illumination area (illumination light IL) in the scanning direction, and the substrate P moves relative to the exposure area (illumination light IL) in the scanning direction. Scanning exposure of one shot area is performed, and the pattern formed on the mask M is transferred to the shot area.
- the apparatus main body 18 supports the mask stage apparatus 14 and the projection optical system 16, and is installed on the floor 11 of the clean room via a plurality of vibration isolators 19.
- the apparatus main body 18 is configured in the same manner as the apparatus main body disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0030702, and an upper base 18a (also referred to as an optical surface plate or the like) that supports the projection optical system 16. ), A lower gantry 18b, and a pair of middle gantry 18c.
- the substrate stage apparatus 20 is for positioning the substrate P with high precision with respect to the projection optical system 16 (illumination light IL).
- the substrate stage device 20 is arranged along a horizontal plane (X-axis direction and Y-axis direction) with a predetermined amount. While driving with a long stroke, the substrate P is slightly driven in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom.
- the configuration of the substrate stage apparatus 20 is not particularly limited.
- the gantry type 2 as disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/129762 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0057140. It is preferable to use a so-called coarse / fine movement stage device including a two-dimensional coarse movement stage and a fine movement stage that is finely driven with respect to the two-dimensional coarse movement stage.
- the substrate stage apparatus 20 includes a Y coarse movement stage 22Y, an X coarse movement stage 22X, and a substrate holder 34.
- the Y coarse movement stage 22Y is driven with a predetermined long stroke in the Y-axis direction with respect to the projection optical system 16 via, for example, a Y actuator.
- the X coarse movement stage 22X is driven with a predetermined long stroke in the X-axis direction on the Y coarse movement stage 22Y via, for example, an X actuator.
- the X coarse movement stage 22X moves in the Y-axis direction integrally with the Y coarse movement stage 22Y.
- the substrate holder 34 is made of a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the substrate P is placed on the upper surface thereof.
- the substrate holder 34 is driven with a predetermined long stroke in the X-axis and / or Y-axis direction with respect to the projection optical system 16 integrally with the X coarse movement stage 22X by a plurality of fine movement actuators (for example, a voice coil motor). And is driven slightly in the direction of six degrees of freedom.
- the Y actuator, X actuator, and fine actuator constitute a part of the substrate drive system 93 (see FIG. 7).
- the liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10 has a substrate position measurement system for obtaining position information of the substrate holder 34 (that is, the substrate P) in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom.
- the substrate position measurement system includes a Z / tilt position measurement system 98 for obtaining position information of the substrate P in the Z-axis, ⁇ x, ⁇ y directions (hereinafter referred to as Z / tilt direction), and A substrate encoder system 50 for determining position information of the substrate P in the XY plane is included.
- the configuration of the Z / tilt position measurement system 98 is not particularly limited, but a plurality of sensors attached to a system including the substrate holder 34 as disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0018950 is used.
- the configuration of the substrate encoder system 50 will be described later.
- FIG. 2A In the regions on the + Y side and ⁇ Y side of the mask M in the mask holder 40 (more specifically, an opening (not shown) for accommodating the mask M).
- a plurality of encoder scales 46 (hereinafter simply referred to as scales 46) are arranged.
- the plurality of scales 46 are illustrated by solid lines and arranged on the upper surface of the mask holder 40.
- the lower surface side of the mask holder 40 is arranged so that the Z position of the lower surface of each of the plurality of scales 46 coincides with the Z position of the lower surface (pattern surface) of the mask M. Has been placed.
- the mask holder 40 of the present embodiment for example, three scales 46 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction in the + Y side and ⁇ Y side regions of the mask M, respectively. That is, the mask holder 40 has, for example, six scales 46 in total. Each of the plurality of scales 46 is substantially the same except that the scales 46 are arranged symmetrically in the vertical direction on the + Y side and ⁇ Y side of the mask M.
- the scale 46 is made of, for example, a plate-shaped (strip-shaped) member that is made of quartz glass and extends in the X-axis direction and has a rectangular shape in plan view.
- the mask holder 40 is made of ceramics, for example, and the plurality of scales 46 are fixed to the mask holder 40.
- the X scale 47x is formed in the region on one side in the width direction (the ⁇ Y side in FIG. 2B) on the lower surface of the scale 46 (the surface facing the ⁇ Z side in this embodiment).
- the X scale 47x is formed.
- a Y scale 47y is formed in a region on the other side in the width direction on the lower surface of the scale 46 (+ Y side in FIG. 2B).
- the X scale 47x is configured by a reflective diffraction grating (X grating) having a plurality of grating lines formed in the X axis direction at a predetermined pitch (the X axis direction is a periodic direction) and extending in the Y axis direction. .
- the Y scale 47y is configured by a reflective diffraction grating (Y grating) formed with a predetermined pitch in the Y axis direction (with the Y axis direction as a periodic direction) and having a plurality of grating lines extending in the X axis direction.
- Y grating reflective diffraction grating
- the plurality of lattice lines are formed at intervals of 10 nm or less, for example.
- the interval (pitch) between the lattices is shown much wider than actual. The same applies to the other figures.
- a pair of encoder bases 43 are fixed to the upper surface of the upper mount 18a.
- One pair of encoder bases 43 is arranged on the ⁇ X side of the mask guide 42 on the + X side, and the other is arranged on the + X side of the mask guide 42 on the ⁇ X side (that is, an area between the pair of mask guides 42).
- a part of the projection optical system 16 is disposed between the pair of encoder bases 43.
- the encoder base 43 is composed of a member extending in the X-axis direction.
- An encoder head unit 44 (hereinafter simply referred to as the head unit 44) is fixed to the center in the longitudinal direction of each of the pair of encoder bases 43.
- the head unit 44 is fixed to the apparatus main body 18 (see FIG. 1) via the encoder base 43.
- the pair of head units 44 are substantially the same except that the + Y side and the ⁇ Y side of the mask M are arranged symmetrically on the paper surface, and only one ( ⁇ Y side) will be described below. To do.
- the head unit 44 has a unit base 45 made of a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view.
- the unit base 45 is fixed with a pair of X heads 49x that are spaced apart in the X-axis direction and a pair of Y heads 49y that are spaced apart in the X-axis direction. That is, the mask encoder system 48 includes, for example, four X heads 49x and four Y heads 49y.
- one X head 49x and one Y head 49y are housed in one housing, and the other X head 49x and the other Y head 49y are housed in another housing.
- the pair of X heads 49x and the pair of Y heads 49y may be arranged independently of each other.
- the pair of X heads 49x and the pair of Y heads 49y are illustrated as being disposed above the scale 46 (on the + Z side).
- the pair of X heads 49x is disposed below the X scale 47y, and the pair of Y heads 49y is disposed below the Y scale 47y (see FIG. 1).
- the pair of X heads 49x and the pair of Y heads 49y are separated from the unit base 45 so that the distance between the pair of X heads 49x and the distance between the pair of Y heads 49y do not change due to, for example, vibration. Is fixed. Also, the unit base 45 itself has a thermal expansion coefficient lower than that of the scale 46 so that the distance between the pair of X heads 49x and the distance between the pair of Y heads 49y do not change due to, for example, a temperature change ( Alternatively, it is made of a material equivalent to the scale 46.
- the X head 49x and the Y head 49y are so-called diffraction interference type encoder heads as disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0094592, and have corresponding scales (X scale 47x, Y scale 47y). ) Is irradiated with the measurement beam, and the beam from the scale is received, so that the displacement information of the mask holder 40 (that is, the mask M, see FIG. 2A) is transferred to the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7). Supply.
- the position information of the mask M in the X-axis direction is obtained by, for example, the four X heads 49x and the X scale 47x facing the X heads 49x (depending on the X position of the mask holder 40).
- four X linear encoders 92x are configured, for example, four Y heads 49y and a Y scale 47y (mask holder 40) facing the Y heads 49y.
- four Y linear encoders 92y (not shown in FIG. 2B, see FIG. 7) for obtaining positional information of the mask M in the Y-axis direction are configured.
- the main control device 90 uses the X axis of the mask holder 40 (see FIG. 2A) based on the outputs of, for example, four X linear encoders 92 x and, for example, four Y linear encoders 92 y.
- the position information in the direction and the Y-axis direction is obtained with a resolution of 10 nm or less, for example.
- main controller 90 obtains ⁇ z position information (rotation amount information) of mask holder 40 based on at least two outputs of, for example, four X linear encoders 92x (or, for example, four Y linear encoders 92y).
- the main controller 90 controls the position of the mask holder 40 in the XY plane using the mask drive system 91 based on the position information in the XY plane of the mask holder 40 obtained from the measurement value of the mask encoder system 48. .
- the mask holder 40 has the scales 46 at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction in the + Y side and ⁇ Y side regions of the mask M, respectively. For example, three are arranged.
- the distance between the pair of X heads 49x and the pair of Y heads 49y included in one head unit 44 is an adjacent scale. It is set wider than the interval between 46.
- the mask encoder system 48 at least one of the pair of X heads 49x always faces the X scale 47x, and at least one of the pair of Y heads 49y always faces the Y scale 47y. Therefore, the mask encoder system 48 can supply the position information of the mask holder 40 (see FIG. 2A) to the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7) without interruption.
- the mask encoder system 48 is set to the X scale 47x on the + X side of the pair of adjacent X scales 47x.
- the first state where both the pair of heads 49x face each other the state shown in FIG.
- the X head 49x on the -X side faces the region between the pair of adjacent X scales 47x ( No X scale 47x), + X side X head 49x faces the + X side X scale 47x, -X side X head 49x faces -X side X scale 47x
- a fifth state in which both the pair of heads 49x are opposed to the X scale 47x on the ⁇ X side.
- at least one X head 49x always faces the X scale 47x.
- the main controller 90 obtains the X position information of the mask holder 40 based on the average value of the outputs of the pair of X heads 49x in the first, third, and fifth states. Further, in the second state, main controller 90 obtains X position information of mask holder 40 based only on the output of + X side X head 49x, and in the fourth state, -X side X head The X position information of the mask holder 40 is obtained based only on the 49x output. Therefore, the measurement value of the mask encoder system 48 is not interrupted.
- both the first, third, and fifth states that is, both the pair of heads are used. Facing the scale and the output is supplied from each of the pair of heads, and the second and fourth states, that is, only one of the pair of heads faces the scale, and only the one head
- the head output connection process is performed.
- the head joining process will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (E). For simplification of description, it is assumed that a two-dimensional lattice (grating) is formed on the scale 46 in FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (E).
- the outputs of the heads 49X and 49Y are assumed to be ideal values. Further, in the following description, a connection process for a pair of adjacent X heads 49X (referred to as 49X 1 and 49X 2 for convenience) will be described, but a pair of adjacent Y heads 49Y (referred to as 49Y 1 and 49Y 2 for convenience). The same splicing process is also performed in step (b).
- a pair of X heads 49x 1, 49x 2, respectively, of the adjacent pair of scales 46 (for convenience and 46 1, 46 2), using a scale 46 2 + X side
- the pair of X heads 49X 1 and 49X 2 both output X coordinate information.
- the outputs of the pair of X heads 49X 1 and 49X 2 have the same value.
- the mask holder 40 + moves in the X direction
- X head 49x 1 is because the measurement range scale 46 2, before the said measuring range, X and invalid handles the output of the head 49X 1.
- X position information of the mask holder 40 is determined based only on the output of the X head 49x 2.
- the mask holder 40 (see FIG. 2 (A)) further moves in the + X direction, X head 49x 1 face scale 46 1 on the -X side.
- the X head 49X 1 outputs the X position information of the mask holder 40 immediately after the measurement operation using the scale 46 1 is enabled, but the output of the X head 49X 1 starts from an indefinite value (or zero). Since the count is resumed, it cannot be used to calculate the X position information of the mask holder 40. Therefore, in this state, it is necessary to connect the outputs of the pair of X heads 49X 1 and 49X 2 .
- the connecting process specifically, an undefined value and has been the output of the X heads 49x 1 (or zero), (so that for example the same value) using the output of the X heads 49x 2 performs a process of correcting. ⁇ technique process, go to further the + X direction mask holder 40, as shown in FIG. 3 (D), X head 49x 2 is completed before the measuring range scale 46 2.
- X head 49x 2 is, when a measuring range scale 46 2, before the said measuring range, the output of the X heads 49x 2 Treat as invalid.
- X position information of the mask holder 40 (see FIG. 2 (A)) is determined based on the output of the X heads 49x 1 only.
- the mask holder 40 further moves in the + X direction, and each of the pair of X heads 49X 1 and 49X 2 can perform a measurement operation using the scale 46 1. immediately it became performed on X head 49x 2, a connecting process using the output of the X heads 49x 1. Thereafter, the X position information of the mask holder 40 is obtained based on the outputs of the pair of X heads 49X 1 and 49X 2 .
- FIG. 4A and 4B are conceptual diagrams of the substrate encoder system 50.
- FIG. 1 In the mask encoder system 48 (see FIG. 2A), the mask holder 40 that holds the plurality of scales 46 moves relative to the pair of head units 44 whose positions are fixed.
- the pair of head units 60 is included in the substrate stage device 20 (in this embodiment, the substrate holder 34).
- the pair of head units 60 can be driven relative to the substrate holder 34 with a predetermined stroke in the Y-axis direction by a head unit driving actuator 68 (see FIG. 7) provided on the substrate holder 34. (See arrow in FIG. 4B).
- the type of the head unit driving actuator 68 is not particularly limited. For example, a linear motor, a feed screw device, or the like can be used.
- the relative movement of the pair of head units 60 in the X-axis direction with respect to the substrate holder 34 is mechanically limited, for example. Accordingly, when the substrate holder 34 moves in the X-axis direction with a long stroke, the pair of head units 60 moves integrally with the substrate holder 34 in the X-axis direction with a long stroke.
- a plurality of scales 56 are fixed to the lower surface of the upper mount 18a.
- the scale 56 is formed of a member extending in the X-axis direction.
- the head unit 60 has a plurality of encoder heads (details of the encoder head will be described later), like the head unit 44 in the mask encoder system 48.
- the main controller 90 controls the Y position of the head unit 60 so that the opposed state of the head unit 60 and the scale 56 is maintained.
- the head unit 60 When the substrate holder 34 moves in the X-axis direction in this opposed state, the head unit 60 also moves integrally in the X-axis direction, so that the opposed state of the head unit 60 and the scale 56 is maintained. Therefore, regardless of the position of the substrate holder 34 in the XY plane, the facing state of the head unit 60 and the scale 56 is maintained.
- the head unit 60 obtains position information in the XY plane with respect to the gantry 18a (see FIG. 1) of the head unit 60 by using a plurality of scales 56 by using a part (upward head) of the plurality of encoder heads (see FIG. 1). 4 (A)).
- a pair of recesses 36 (see FIG. 4B) is formed in the substrate holder 34, and the pair of head units 60 are respectively disposed inside the pair of recesses 36.
- a plurality of encoder scales 52 (hereinafter simply referred to as scales 52) are fixed to the bottom surface of the recess 36.
- the head unit 60 obtains positional information in the XY plane of the head unit 60 itself with respect to the substrate holder 34 using the plurality of scales 52 by the other parts (downward heads) of the plurality of encoder heads (see FIG. 4A). ).
- the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7), based on the output of the upward head and the output of the downward head, position information in the XY plane of the substrate holder 34 with reference to the upper base 18a (see FIG. 1). Ask for.
- scales 52 are provided at predetermined intervals in the Y-axis direction, for example, 4 in the + X side and ⁇ X side regions of the substrate P, respectively.
- the substrate stage apparatus 20 has, for example, eight scales 52 in total.
- Each of the plurality of scales 52 is substantially the same except that the scales 52 are arranged symmetrically on the + X side and the ⁇ X side of the substrate P.
- the scale 52 is made of a plate-shaped (band-shaped) member that is formed of, for example, quartz glass and has a rectangular shape in plan view and extends in the Y-axis direction. .
- the substrate holder 34 is separated outside the substrate holder 34 with a predetermined gap with respect to the substrate holder (however, the six-degree-of-freedom direction is moved integrally with the substrate holder 34). It may be arranged.
- an X scale 53x is formed in a region on one side in the width direction ( ⁇ X side in FIG. 5A) on the upper surface of the scale 52.
- a Y scale 53y is formed in a region on the other side in the width direction on the upper surface of the scale 52 (in FIG. 5A, on the + X side).
- the configurations of the X scale 53x and the Y scale 53y are the X scale 47x and Y scale 47y formed on the scale 46 (see FIG. 2A, respectively) of the mask encoder system 48 (see FIG. 2B, respectively). Since it is the same, description is abbreviate
- a plurality of encoder scales 56 are fixed to the lower surface of the upper base 18a (see FIG. 1 respectively) of the apparatus body 18.
- the Y position of the scale 56 substantially coincides with the center position of the projection optical system 16 in the Y-axis direction, as shown in FIG.
- the scale 56 is, for example, four in the region on the + X side with respect to the projection optical system 16, and four in the region on the ⁇ X side with respect to the projection optical system 16. They are spaced apart in the axial direction. That is, for example, eight scales 56 are fixed to the lower surface of the upper pedestal 18a in total.
- Each of the plurality of scales 56 is substantially the same.
- the scale 56 is made of a plate-shaped (strip-shaped) member that is rectangular in plan view and extends in the X-axis direction, and is made of, for example, quartz glass in the same manner as the scale 52 disposed in the substrate stage apparatus 20.
- the plurality of scales 56 are shown by solid lines and the lattice plane is shown upward (facing the + Z direction).
- the lattice planes of the plurality of scales 56 are actually directed downward ( ⁇ Z side).
- an X scale 57x is formed in a region on one side in the width direction ( ⁇ Y side in FIG. 5B) on the lower surface of the scale 56.
- a Y scale 57y is formed in a region on the other side in the width direction on the lower surface of the scale 56 (+ Y side in FIG. 3C).
- the configuration of the X scale 57x and the Y scale 57y is the same as the X scale 47x and Y scale 47y formed on the scale 46 (see FIG. 2A, respectively) of the mask encoder system 48 (see FIG. 2B, respectively). Since it is the same, description is abbreviate
- the two head units 60 are substantially entirely (or partially) accommodated in the substrate holder 34 as described above (see FIGS. 4A and 4B). ing.
- each of the two head units 60 is substantially the same except that they are arranged symmetrically on the paper surface in FIG. 4C, so one (+ X side) will be described below.
- the head unit 60 includes a Y slide table 62, a pair of X heads 64x, a pair of Y heads 64y (refer to FIG. 5B, respectively), and a pair.
- X head 66x and a pair of Y heads 66y see FIG. 5A, respectively).
- the Y slide table 62 is made of a plate-like member having a rectangular shape in plan view, and is attached to the substrate holder 34 (see FIG. 4C) via, for example, a mechanical Y linear guide device (not shown). Yes.
- the X head 64x, the Y head 64y (see FIG. 5B), the X head 66x, and the Y head 66y (see FIG. 5A) are respectively the X head 49x and the Y head 49y included in the mask encoder system 48 described above.
- the encoder head is a so-called diffraction interference type encoder head, which is the same as (see FIG. 2B), and is fixed to the Y slide table 62.
- the distance between the pair of Y heads 64y, the pair of X heads 64x, the pair of Y heads 66y, and the pair of X heads 66x changes due to, for example, vibration. It is fixed to the Y slide table 62 so that it does not.
- the distance between the pair of Y heads 64y, the pair of X heads 64x, the pair of Y heads 66y, and the pair of X heads 66x does not change due to, for example, a temperature change.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is made of a material lower than the scales 52 and 56 (or equivalent to the scales 52 and 56).
- each of the pair of X heads 64x irradiates the measurement beam to two places (two points) spaced apart from each other in the X-axis direction on the X scale 57x.
- Each (upward head) irradiates the measurement beam to two places (two points) spaced apart from each other in the X-axis direction on the Y scale 57y.
- the X head 64x and the Y head 64y receive the beams from the corresponding scales, so that the displacement amount information of the Y slide table 62 (not shown in FIG. 6, see FIGS. 4 and 5). Is supplied to the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7).
- X linear encoders 94x for example for obtaining position information in the X-axis direction with respect to the projection optical system 16 (see FIG. 1) of each table 62 (that is, a pair of head units 60 (see FIG. 4C)).
- a pair of Y slides is formed by, for example, four (2 ⁇ 2) Y heads 64y and a Y scale 57y (different depending on the X position of the Y slide table 62) facing the Y heads 64y.
- Y linear encoders for obtaining positional information in the Y-axis direction with respect to the projection optical system 16 of each table 62.
- a coder 94y (see FIG. 7) is configured.
- the main controller 90 has a pair of head units 60 (see FIG. 4C) based on outputs of, for example, four X linear encoders 94 x and, for example, four Y linear encoders 94 y.
- the position information in each X-axis direction and Y-axis direction is obtained with a resolution of 10 nm or less, for example.
- the main controller 90 corresponds to one head unit 60, for example, based on outputs of two X linear encoders 94x (or, for example, two Y linear encoders 94y), ⁇ z position information (rotation) of the head unit 60. (Quantity information).
- the main controller 90 controls the position of the head unit 60 in the XY plane using the head unit driving actuator 68 (see FIG. 7) based on the position information of the pair of head units 60 in the XY plane.
- the distance between each of the pair of X heads 64x and the pair of Y heads 64y that one head unit 60 has, as shown in FIG. It is set wider than the interval between them.
- the board encoder system 50 can obtain the position information of the Y slide table 62 without interrupting the measurement value. Accordingly, the head output splicing process similar to the head output splicing process in the mask encoder system 48 described above (see FIGS. 3A to 3E) is also performed.
- each of the pair of X heads 66x (downward heads) irradiates the measurement beam to two places (two points) spaced apart from each other in the Y-axis direction on the X scale 53x.
- Each of the heads 66y (downward heads) irradiates the measurement beam to two places (two points) spaced apart from each other in the Y-axis direction on the Y scale 53y.
- the X head 66x and the Y head 66y receive beams from the corresponding scales, whereby the relative displacement between the head unit 60 and the substrate holder 34 (not shown in FIG. 6, refer to FIG. 1).
- Quantity information is supplied to the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7).
- a pair of head units 60 includes four (2 ⁇ 2) X heads 66x and an X scale 53x (which varies depending on the Y position of the substrate holder 34) facing the X heads 66x.
- X linear encoders 96x (not shown in FIG. 6; refer to FIG. 7) for obtaining positional information in the X-axis direction with respect to each substrate holder 34 are configured, for example, four (2 ⁇ 2) Y heads.
- Y linear encoders 96y (not shown in FIG. 6, refer to FIG. 7) are configured.
- the main controller 90 includes, for example, four X linear encoders 94x and outputs of four Y linear encoders 94y, and the four X linear encoders 96x and, for example, four Y linears.
- the main controller 90 Based on the output of the encoder 96y, that is, the calculation result of the position information of the pair of head units 60 in the XY plane with respect to the projection optical system 16 (see FIG. 1) and the position information in the XY plane of the substrate holder 34.
- Position information in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction with respect to the apparatus main body 18 (see FIG. 1) of the substrate holder 34 (see FIG. 1) is obtained with a resolution of 10 nm or less, for example.
- the main controller 90 determines the relative position of the head unit 60 and the substrate holder 34 in the ⁇ z direction based on at least two outputs of, for example, four X linear encoders 94x (or, for example, four Y linear encoders 94y). Information (rotation amount information) is obtained.
- the main controller 90 controls the position of the substrate holder 34 in the XY plane using the substrate drive system 93 based on the position information in the XY plane of the substrate holder 34 obtained from the measurement value of the substrate encoder system 50. .
- the substrate holder 34 has a scale 52 at predetermined intervals in the Y-axis direction, for example, in the + X side and ⁇ X side regions of the substrate P, as described above. Four are arranged.
- the distance between the pair of X heads 66x and the pair of Y heads 66y that one head unit 60 has, as shown in FIG. It is set wider than the interval between them.
- at least one of the pair of X heads 66x always faces the X scale 53x
- at least one of the pair of Y heads 66y always faces the Y scale 53y.
- the substrate encoder system 50 can obtain the relative position information between the head unit 60 and the substrate holder 34 (see FIG. 3A) without interrupting the measurement value. Accordingly, the head output splicing process similar to the head output splicing process in the mask encoder system 48 described above (see FIGS. 3A to 3E) is also performed.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the input / output relationship of the main controller 90 that centrally configures the control system of the liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10 (see FIG. 1) and performs overall control of each component.
- the main controller 90 includes a workstation (or a microcomputer) and the like, and comprehensively controls each part of the liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10.
- the mask M is placed on the mask stage apparatus 14 by a mask loader (not shown) under the control of the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7).
- the substrate P is loaded onto the substrate stage apparatus 20 (substrate holder 34) by a substrate loader (not shown).
- the main controller 90 performs alignment measurement using an alignment detection system (not shown).
- a step-and-scan method is sequentially applied to a plurality of shot areas set on the substrate P. An exposure operation is performed.
- FIGS. 8A to 15B an example of the operations of the mask stage device 14 and the substrate stage device 20 during the exposure operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 8A to 15B.
- a case where four shot areas are set on one substrate P in the case of so-called four-chamfering
- positioning can be changed suitably.
- FIG. 8A shows the mask stage device 14 after the alignment operation is completed
- FIG. 8B shows the substrate stage device 20 after the alignment operation is completed (except for the members other than the substrate holder 34).
- Exposure process is carried out from the first shot area S 1 which is set on the -Y side and the + X side of the substrate P.
- an illumination area irradiated with illumination light IL (refer to FIG. 1 respectively) from the illumination system 12 (in the state shown in FIG. 8A).
- the mask encoder system 48 see FIG. 7 so that the + X side end of the mask M is located somewhat on the ⁇ X side relative to the mask M that has not yet been irradiated with the illumination light IL.
- the mask M is positioned.
- the end of the pattern area of the mask M on the + X side with respect to the illumination area is required to reach a predetermined traveling speed (that is, a predetermined speed required for scanning exposure at a predetermined speed).
- a scale 46 is provided so that the position of the mask M can be measured by the mask encoder system 48 at that position.
- the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7) is also within a range in which at least three (four of the four heads 49x and four of the four heads 49y) cannot be removed from the scale 46 (is not outside the measurable range). Then, the position of the mask holder 40 is controlled.
- an exposure region irradiated with the illumination light IL (see FIG. 1) from the projection optical system 16 (however, shown in FIG. 8B).
- the substrate encoder system 50 in the state, still as the illumination light IL to the substrate P located at the end somewhat -X side of the first shot area S 1 of the + X side from the irradiation not), the substrate encoder system 50 (FIG. 7 The substrate P is positioned based on the output of the reference).
- a scale 52 is provided so that the position of the substrate P can be measured by the substrate encoder system 50 at that position.
- the main controller 90 (see FIG. 7) also has a range in which at least three (four of the four heads 64x and four of the four heads 64y) do not deviate from the scale 56 (is not outside the measurable range). The position of the substrate holder 34 is controlled. In FIG.
- the head unit 60 on the + X side does not face the scale 56, but the position on the XY plane of the head unit 60 on the + X side is synchronized with the head unit 60 on the ⁇ X side. It can be controlled.
- the scale 56 may be additionally provided so that the pair of head units 60 is not always detached from the scale 56.
- the mask M and the substrate P are similarly decelerated for decelerating from the scanning exposure speed to a predetermined speed.
- Scales 46 and 56 are provided so that the positions of the mask M and the substrate P can be measured by the mask encoder system 48 and the substrate encoder system 50, respectively, until they are further moved.
- the positions of the mask M and the substrate P may be measured by a measurement system different from the mask encoder system 48 and the substrate encoder system 50 during at least one of the operations during acceleration and deceleration.
- the mask holder 40 is driven in the + X direction (acceleration, constant speed drive, and deceleration), and in synchronization with the mask holder 40, FIG.
- the substrate holder 34 is driven in the + X direction (acceleration, constant speed drive, and deceleration).
- the main controller 90 controls the position of the mask M on the basis of the output of the mask encoder system 48 (see FIG. 7) and the substrate encoder system 50 (see FIG. 7). The position of the substrate P is controlled based on the output of the reference.
- the pair of head units 60 When the substrate holder 34 is driven in the X-axis direction, the pair of head units 60 does not move relative to the substrate holder 34 (is made stationary with respect to the substrate holder 34), and is integrated with the substrate holder 34 in the X direction. Move in the axial direction. That is, with respect to the scanning direction, the substrate holder 34 (substrate P) and the pair of head units 60 (the plurality of heads 64x, 64y, 66x, 66y) have a common drive system (substrate drive system 93 (see FIG. 7)). ) Performs position control. While the mask holder 40 and the substrate holder 34 are driven at a constant speed in the X-axis direction, the substrate P is irradiated with illumination light IL (see FIG.
- the substrate stage device 20 When the transfer of the mask pattern for the first shot area S 1 on the substrate P is completed, the substrate stage device 20, as shown in FIG. 10 (B), the set of the first shot area S 1 of the + Y side for exposure operation from the second shot area S 2, (approximately half the distance in the width direction dimension of the substrate P) predetermined distance substrate holder 34 in the -Y direction, based on the output of the substrate encoder system 50 (see FIG. 7) Driven (Y step).
- the mask holder 40 At the time of the Y step operation of the substrate holder 34, as shown in FIG. 10A, the mask holder 40 is such that the end portion on the ⁇ X side of the mask M is an illumination region (however, shown in FIG. 10A). In the state, the mask M is not illuminated) and is still in a state of being located somewhat on the + X side.
- the pair of head units 60 is operated in the + Y direction (that is, based on the output of the Y linear encoder 96y (see FIG. 7)).
- the same distance as the mask holder 40 in the direction opposite to the substrate holder 34) is driven with respect to the mask holder 40.
- the head unit 60 is not visually moved with respect to the projection optical system 16 in the Y-axis direction. Accordingly, the opposed state of the head unit 60 and the scale 56 is maintained.
- the mask holder 40 is driven in the ⁇ X direction based on the output of the mask encoder system 48 (see FIG. 7).
- the substrate holder 34 is driven in the ⁇ X direction based on the output of the substrate encoder system 50 (see FIG. 7).
- the mask pattern is transferred to the second shot area S 2.
- the four head units 60 are in a stationary state.
- the mask pattern is sequentially transferred to a plurality of shot areas on the substrate P by appropriately repeating the scanning operation of the mask holder 40, the Y step operation of the substrate holder 34, and the scanning operation of the substrate holder 34. .
- the pair of head units 60 is opposite to the substrate holder 34 every time the substrate holder 34 is stepped in the + Y direction and the ⁇ Y direction so that the opposing state of the scale 56 is maintained. Are driven by the same distance.
- the Y scale 53y has a plurality of lattice lines extending in the X-axis direction.
- the irradiation point 66y of the measurement beam irradiated from the Y head 66y onto the Y scale 53y extends in the Y-axis direction. It has an elliptical shape in the axial direction.
- the Y linear encoder 94y see FIG.
- the main controller 90 when driving the substrate holder 34 in the scan direction (X-axis direction) during the scan exposure operation, the head unit 60 (see FIG. 4B).
- the step of the head unit 60 is performed so that the Y head 66y of the Y head 66y does not straddle a plurality of lattice lines forming the Y scale 53y, that is, the output from the Y head 66y does not change (the change is zero).
- the position of the direction (Y position) is controlled.
- the Y position of the Y head 66y is measured by a sensor having a resolution higher than the pitch between the lattice lines constituting the Y scale 53y, and the irradiation point of the measurement beam from the Y head 66y indicates the lattice line.
- the Y position of the Y head 66y is controlled via the head unit drive system 86 (see FIG. 6) immediately before striding (the output of the Y head 66y is likely to change).
- the output of the Y head 66y is driven and controlled accordingly.
- the output from the Y head 66y may be substantially unchanged. In this case, a sensor for measuring the Y position of the Y head 66y is unnecessary.
- the substrate P is exchanged at a predetermined substrate exchange position.
- the substrate replacement position is set at a position away from directly below the projection optical system 16 so that the projection optical system 16 does not interfere with the substrate replacement. Therefore, the substrate holder 34 is moved to the substrate replacement position.
- the X head 64x and the Y head 64y attached to the head unit 60 may come off from the scale 56 fixed to the apparatus body 18 (become non-opposing), and the output of the substrate encoder system 50 may be cut off.
- the mask encoder system 48 for obtaining the position information of the mask M in the XY plane and the position information of the substrate P in the XY plane are obtained.
- Each of the substrate encoder systems 50 (see FIG. 1 respectively) has a short optical path length of the measurement beam irradiated to the corresponding scale, so that the influence of air fluctuation can be reduced as compared with, for example, a conventional interferometer system. Therefore, the positioning accuracy of the mask M and the substrate P is improved.
- the partial air conditioning equipment that is essential when using the conventional interferometer system can be omitted, and the cost can be reduced.
- the interferometer system when using the interferometer system, it is necessary to provide a large and heavy bar mirror in the mask stage device 14 and the substrate stage device 20, but in the mask encoder system 48 and the substrate encoder system 50 according to the present embodiment, Since the bar mirror is not required, the system including the mask holder 40 and the system including the substrate holder 34 are reduced in size and weight, and the weight balance is improved, thereby improving the position controllability of the mask M and the substrate P. To do. Further, since there are fewer adjustment points than in the case of using the interferometer system, the cost of the mask stage device 14 and the substrate stage device 20 is reduced, and the maintainability is further improved. Also, adjustment during assembly is easy (or unnecessary).
- the substrate encoder system 50 since the pair of head units 60 are driven in the Y-axis direction in the direction opposite to the substrate P, the opposed state of the head unit 60 and the scale 56 is maintained. There is no need to arrange a plurality of encoder heads on the holder 34 along the Y-axis direction (or to make the scale 56 on the apparatus main body 18 side wide). Therefore, the configuration of the substrate position measurement system can be simplified, and the cost can be reduced.
- the output of a pair of adjacent encoder heads (X head 49x, Y head 49y) is appropriately switched according to the X position of the mask holder 40 while the XY plane of the mask holder 40 is used.
- the position information of the mask holder 40 can be obtained without interruption even if a plurality of scales 46 are arranged at predetermined intervals (separated from each other) in the X-axis direction. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare a scale having a length equivalent to the movement stroke of the mask holder 40 (about three times the length of the scale 46 of the present embodiment), and the cost can be reduced. In particular, as in the present embodiment. This is suitable for the liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10 using a large mask M.
- the plurality of scales 52 are arranged in the Y-axis direction and the plurality of scales 56 are arranged in the X-axis direction at predetermined intervals, respectively. It is not necessary to prepare a length scale and is suitable for the liquid crystal exposure apparatus 10 using a large substrate P.
- FIGS. 11 (A) to 11 (C) a liquid crystal exposure apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 (A) to 11 (C). Since the configuration of the liquid crystal exposure apparatus according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the configuration of the substrate encoder system 150 is different, only the differences will be described below. Elements having the same configuration and function as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and description thereof is omitted.
- the pair of head units 60 included in the substrate stage device 20 move in the opposite direction to the substrate P during the Y step operation of the substrate P, and the substrate
- the Y step operation is performed integrally with the substrate P during the Y step operation of the substrate P.
- the substrate P moves in a direction opposite to the substrate P with a long stroke.
- the arrangement of the head unit 60, the scale 52, the scale 56, and the like constituting the substrate encoder system 50 is an arrangement configuration in which the arrangement is rotated by, for example, 90 ° around the Z axis with respect to the first embodiment. Yes.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B show conceptual diagrams of a substrate encoder system 150 according to the second embodiment.
- the recess 36 formed in the substrate holder 34 extends in the X-axis direction, and a scale 52 extending in the X-axis direction is fixed to the bottom surface of the recess.
- the head unit 60 is disposed in the recess 36 and is movable with a predetermined long stroke in the X-axis direction with respect to the substrate holder 34.
- scales 56 extending in the Y-axis direction are fixed to the + Y side and the ⁇ Y side of the projection optical system 16 (see FIG. 11C), respectively.
- five scales 52 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction in each of the + Y side and ⁇ Y side regions of the substrate holder 34, and the apparatus main body 18.
- two scales 56 are arranged at predetermined intervals on each of the lower surface of the projection optical system 16 on the + Y side and the ⁇ Y side regions (see FIG. 1).
- the scales 52 and 54 are respectively formed with X scales 53x and 57x and Y scales 53y and 57y (see FIG. 6), and the head unit 60 uses the X scales 35x and 57x and Y scales 53y and 57y.
- an encoder head (not shown) for measuring the relative displacement of the head unit 60 with respect to the projection optical system 16 or the substrate holder 34 is attached is the same as in the first embodiment, and will be described. Omitted. Since the plurality of scales are arranged apart from each other, the connection processing is performed between a pair of adjacent heads as in the first embodiment.
- the pair of head units in the opposite direction and at the same distance from the substrate P so that the X position of the pair of head units 60 does not change in appearance. 60 is driven in the X-axis direction. That is, the head unit 60 is moved relative to the substrate P in the X direction. Thereby, since a pair of head unit 60 does not remove
- the substrate holder 34 and the pair of head units 60 are integrated with a common drive system (substrate drive system 93 (see FIG. 7)) with a long stroke in the Y-axis direction. It is movable.
- the pair of head units 60 are provided on the substrate holder 34 and the substrate holder 34 also has an actuator for driving the head unit 60.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the head unit 60 may be supported by being suspended on the gantry 18 a of the apparatus main body 18.
- the head unit 60 is attached to the apparatus main body 18 via a guide device 256 that guides the head unit 60 linearly in the X-axis direction.
- the substrate stage apparatus 220 has a configuration in which the Y coarse movement stage 22Y is placed on the X coarse movement stage 22X, contrary to the first embodiment.
- the X coarse movement stage 22X is connected to an arm member 222 mechanically coupled to each of the pair of head units 60.
- the scale 52 is disposed outside the substrate holder 34, but may be disposed on the substrate holder 34 (or in the substrate holder 34) as in the first embodiment.
- a pair of the X coarse movement stage 22X is integrated with the X coarse movement stage 22X.
- the head unit 60 moves in the X-axis direction with respect to the projection optical system.
- the substrate holder 34 and the pair of head units 60 are driven by a common drive system (X actuator constituting a part of the substrate drive system 93 (see FIG. 7)).
- the operation of the head unit 60 of this modification is the same as that of the first embodiment. According to this modification, a dedicated actuator for driving the head unit 60 is not required, so that heat generation or dust generation near the substrate P can be suppressed.
- the pair of head units 60 is provided on the substrate holder 34 and the substrate holder 34 also has an actuator for driving the head unit 60.
- the head unit 60 may be supported by being suspended from the gantry 18 a of the apparatus body 18.
- the head unit 60 is attached to the apparatus main body 18 via the guide device 256 as in the modification shown in FIG.
- the X coarse movement stage 22X is placed on the Y coarse movement stage 22Y, and the Y coarse movement stage 22Y is connected to each of the pair of head units 60.
- a pair of arm members 222 are connected.
- the scale 52 may be disposed on the substrate holder 34 (or in the substrate holder 34).
- the head unit 60 has a pair of encoder heads (that is, a pair of X heads 64x, a pair of X heads 66x, a pair of Y heads 64y, and a pair of encoder heads).
- the distances between the Y heads 66y) may be measured by the sensors 164 and 166, and the output of the substrate encoder system 50 may be corrected using the measured values.
- the types of the sensors 164 and 166 are not particularly limited, and for example, a laser interferometer can be used.
- the substrate encoder system 50 performs a process of connecting the outputs of the pair of encoder heads. In this connection process, it is a precondition that the distance between the pair of encoder heads is known and unchanged.
- the Y slide table 62 to which each head is attached is formed of, for example, a material that is less affected by thermal expansion or the like, but by temporarily measuring the distance between the encoder heads as in this modification, Even if the Y slide table 62 is deformed (the interval between the pair of encoder heads is changed), the position information of the substrate P can be obtained with high accuracy.
- the distance between the pair of encoder heads that is, the pair of X heads 49x and the pair of Y heads 49y
- the output of the mask encoder system 48 is corrected using the measured values. You may do it. The same applies to the heads 49x and 49y of the mask encoder system 48.
- the relative positional relationship of all the heads included in the head unit 60 (e.g., a total of eight heads in this embodiment) (a pair of downward heads 66x and 66y and a pair of upward heads 64x and 64y) is measured. The measured value may be corrected.
- the distance between the pair of encoder heads (that is, the pair of X heads 64x, the pair of X heads 66x, the pair of Y heads 64y, and the pair of Y heads 66y) included in the head unit 60 is determined.
- calibration points for measuring the distance between the heads calibration points for positioning the origins of the outputs of the mask encoder system 48 and the substrate encoder system 50 may be provided.
- the positioning mark for positioning the origin may be disposed, for example, on an extension line (outside) of the plurality of scales 46, 52, or may be disposed between a pair of adjacent scales 46, 52, or The scales 46 and 52 may be formed.
- the amount of inclination (inclination in the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions) with respect to the horizontal plane of the Y slide table 62 to which the encoder heads 64x, 64y, 66x, and 66y are attached is obtained, and the inclination amounts (that is, the heads 64x, 64y, 66x,
- the output of the substrate encoder system 50 may be corrected according to the tilt amount of the optical axis 66y.
- a measurement system is used in which a plurality of Z sensors 64z are attached to the Y slide table 62, and the amount of inclination of the Y slide table 62 is obtained with reference to the upper table 18a. Can do.
- FIG. 15A a measurement system is used in which a plurality of Z sensors 64z are attached to the Y slide table 62, and the amount of inclination of the Y slide table 62 is obtained with reference to the upper table 18a. Can do.
- FIG. 15A a measurement system is used in which a plurality of Z sensors 64
- a biaxial laser interferometer 264 is provided on the substrate holder 34 (see FIG. 1), and the amount of inclination of the Y slide table 62 (the amount of inclination in the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions) and The rotation amount (rotation amount in the ⁇ z direction) may be obtained. Further, the tilt amounts of the heads 64x, 64y, 66x, 66y may be individually measured.
- the arrangement of the encoder head and the scale may be reversed. That is, for example, the X linear encoder 92x and the Y linear encoder 92y for obtaining position information of the mask holder 40 may be configured such that an encoder head is attached to the mask holder 40 and a scale is attached to the encoder base 43. Further, the X linear encoder 96x and the Y linear encoder 96y for obtaining the position information of the substrate holder 34 may have a scale attached to the Y slide table 62 and an encoder head attached to the substrate holder 34.
- a plurality of encoder heads attached to the substrate holder 34 are arranged along the Y-axis direction (in the case of the first embodiment) or the X-axis direction (in the case of the second embodiment), and are switched to each other. It should be configured as possible.
- a scale may be attached to the Y slide table 62, and an encoder head may be attached to the apparatus main body 18.
- a plurality of encoder heads attached to the encoder base 54 are arranged along the X-axis direction (in the case of the first embodiment) or the Y-axis direction (in the case of the second embodiment), and are switched to each other. It should be configured as possible. In this case, the scale fixed to the Y slide table 62 may be shared.
- the mask encoder system 48 for example, three scales 46 are spaced apart in the X-axis direction
- four scales 52 are arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, four
- the number of scales is not limited thereto, and can be appropriately changed according to the size of the mask M, the substrate P, or the movement stroke, for example. It is.
- a plurality of scales may not necessarily be arranged apart from each other. For example, one longer scale (in the case of the above-described embodiment, for example, a scale that is approximately three times as long as the scale 46, or about 4 times the scale 52). A double length scale, a scale about four times the scale 56) may be used.
- the lengths of the scales may be different from each other.
- the length of the scale extending in the X-axis direction may be longer than the length of the shot area in the X-axis direction, it is possible to avoid the joining process during the scanning exposure operation.
- the scale extending in the Y-axis direction may be different from each other.
- the X scale (the X-axis direction measurement lattice pattern shown in the figure) and the Y scale (the Y-axis direction measurement lattice pattern shown in the figure) are independent from each other.
- a plurality of scale members arranged on the encoder base For example, a plurality of scale members arranged on the encoder base.
- the plurality of lattice patterns may be formed separately for each group of lattice patterns on the same long scale member. Further, a lattice pattern may be continuously formed on the same long scale member.
- a plurality of scale groups in which a plurality of scales are arranged in series in the X-axis direction with a gap of a predetermined interval are arranged at different positions (a plurality of rows separated from each other in the Y-axis direction).
- the position of the gap of the predetermined interval between the plurality of columns is the X-axis direction. May be arranged so as not to overlap. If a plurality of scale rows are arranged in this manner, the heads arranged corresponding to the respective scale rows are not simultaneously out of the measurement range (in other words, both heads do not face the gap at the same time).
- X of one scale pattern for X-axis measurement
- the length in the axial direction is the length of one shot area (the length that is formed on the substrate by irradiating the device pattern when performing scanning exposure while moving the substrate on the substrate holder in the X-axis direction).
- the length may be such that it can be continuously measured. In this way, it is not necessary to perform head transfer control for a plurality of scales during scan exposure of a one-shot area, so that position measurement (position control) of the substrate P (substrate holder) during scan exposure can be easily performed. it can.
- the lengths of the scales are the same in the above embodiment.
- the arranged scale may be physically longer.
- the distance in other words, the distance between the plurality of scales in the scale group (scale array) in which the plurality of scales are arranged continuously in the X-axis direction with a predetermined gap on the substrate holder 34.
- the length of the gap), the length of one scale, and the two heads that move relative to the scale row (the heads disposed opposite to each other within one head unit 60, for example, two heads shown in FIG.
- the head 66x) is arranged so as to satisfy the relationship of “one scale length> distance between opposed heads> distance between scales”. This relationship is satisfied not only between the scale provided on the substrate holder 34 and the corresponding head 60 but also between the scale 56 and the corresponding head 60.
- the head 60 and a corresponding scale row (a scale row in which a plurality of scales are arranged in a predetermined direction through a predetermined gap) are relatively moved in the X-axis direction
- the head When a pair of heads in 60 (for example, the X head 66x and the Y head 66y in FIG. 6) simultaneously face the gap between the scales described above and then face another scale (the heads 66x and 66y are different from each other).
- the remaining set of heads (66x, 66y) in the head 60 which is different from the head that was transited, and another head (a head that is separated in the X-axis direction and dropped) May be used to calculate an initial value at the time of connection of the connected heads.
- Still another head described above may be a position measuring head in the X-axis direction or a position measuring head in the Y-axis direction.
- the head 60 moves in synchronization with the substrate holder 34, but this is a state in which the head 60 substantially maintains the relative positional relationship with respect to the substrate holder 34. It means to move, and is not limited to the case where the head 60 and the substrate holder 34 move in a state in which the positional relationship, the moving direction, and the moving speed are strictly matched.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, an XY two-dimensional scale may be used.
- an XY two-dimensional head can also be used as the encoder head.
- the case where the diffraction interference type encoder system is used has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other encoders such as a so-called pickup type and magnetic type can also be used, for example, US Pat. No. 6,639,686.
- a so-called scan encoder disclosed in the above can also be used.
- the position information of the Y slide table 62 may be obtained by a measurement system (for example, an optical interferometer system) other than the encoder system.
- the plurality of scales 56 are configured to be directly attached to the lower surface of the upper gantry 18a (optical surface plate).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a predetermined base member is separated from the lower surface of the upper gantry 18a.
- the plurality of scales 56 may be attached to the base member.
- the substrate stage apparatus 20 only needs to be able to drive at least the substrate P along a horizontal plane with a long stroke, and in some cases, the substrate stage device 20 may not be able to perform fine positioning in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom.
- the substrate encoder system according to each of the above embodiments can also be suitably applied to such a two-dimensional stage apparatus.
- the illumination light may be ultraviolet light such as ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm), KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm), or vacuum ultraviolet light such as F 2 laser light (wavelength 157 nm).
- a single wavelength laser beam oscillated from a DFB semiconductor laser or a fiber laser is amplified by a fiber amplifier doped with, for example, erbium (or both erbium and ytterbium).
- harmonics converted into ultraviolet light using a nonlinear optical crystal may be used.
- a solid laser (wavelength: 355 nm, 266 nm) or the like may be used.
- the projection optical system 16 is a multi-lens projection optical system including a plurality of optical systems has been described, but the number of projection optical systems is not limited to this, and one or more projection optical systems may be used.
- the projection optical system is not limited to a multi-lens projection optical system, and may be a projection optical system using an Offner type large mirror. Further, the projection optical system 16 may be an enlargement system or a reduction system.
- the use of the exposure apparatus is not limited to the exposure apparatus for liquid crystal that transfers the liquid crystal display element pattern onto the square glass plate.
- the exposure apparatus for manufacturing an organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) panel the semiconductor manufacture
- the present invention can also be widely applied to an exposure apparatus for manufacturing an exposure apparatus, a thin film magnetic head, a micromachine, a DNA chip, and the like.
- microdevices such as semiconductor elements but also masks or reticles used in light exposure apparatuses, EUV exposure apparatuses, X-ray exposure apparatuses, electron beam exposure apparatuses, etc., glass substrates, silicon wafers, etc.
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that transfers a circuit pattern.
- the object to be exposed is not limited to the glass plate, but may be another object such as a wafer, a ceramic substrate, a film member, or a mask blank.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a film-like (flexible sheet-like member).
- the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment is particularly effective when a substrate having a side length or diagonal length of 500 mm or more is an exposure target.
- the step of designing the function and performance of the device the step of producing a mask (or reticle) based on this design step, and the step of producing a glass substrate (or wafer)
- the above-described exposure method is executed using the exposure apparatus of the above embodiment, and a device pattern is formed on the glass substrate. Therefore, a highly integrated device can be manufactured with high productivity. .
- the exposure apparatus and exposure method of the present invention are suitable for exposing an object with illumination light.
- the manufacturing method of the flat panel display of this invention is suitable for production of a flat panel display.
- the device manufacturing method of the present invention is suitable for the production of micro devices.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Liquid crystal exposure apparatus, 14 ... Mask stage apparatus, 20 ... Substrate stage apparatus, 34 ... Substrate holder, 40 ... Mask holder, 44 ... Head unit, 46 ... Scale, 48 ... Mask encoder system, 50 ... Substrate encoder system, 52 ... scale, 56 ... scale, 60 ... head unit, 90 ... main controller, M ... mask, P ... substrate.
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Abstract
Description
以下、第1の実施形態について、図1~図10(B)を用いて説明する。
次に、第2の実施形態に係る液晶露光装置について、図11(A)~図11(C)を用いて説明する。第2の実施形態に係る液晶露光装置の構成は、基板エンコーダシステム150の構成が異なる点を除き、上記第1の実施形態と同じであるので、以下、相違点についてのみ説明し、上記第1の実施形態と同じ構成及び機能を有する要素については、上記第1の実施形態と同じ符号を付してその説明を省略する。
Claims (12)
- 投影光学系を介して照明光により物体を露光する露光装置であって、
前記物体を保持する保持部と、
計測部と被計測部とを含み、前記計測部の出力に基づいて前記保持部の位置情報を取得する位置計測部と、
前記保持部上の前記計測部と前記被計測部と一方を他方に対して相対移動させる第1駆動部と、を備える露光装置。 - 前記計測部と前記被計測部とを移動させる第2駆動部を備え、
前記第1駆動部は、前記計測部と前記被計測部との一方を他方に対して第1方向へ相対移動させ、
前記第2駆動部は、前記保持部を前記第1方向に交差する第2方向へ移動させながら、前記計測部と前記被計測部とを前記第2方向へ移動させる請求項1に記載の露光装置。 - 前記第1駆動部と前記第2駆動部との一方を他方が下方から支持する請求項2に記載の露光装置。
- 前記位置計測部は、前記第1方向に関して互いに離れて配置される複数の格子領域を有する前記被計測部と、前記被計測部に対してそれぞれ計測ビームを照射し、かつ前記第1および第2方向を含む所定平面内で移動可能な複数の前記計測部と、前記第2方向に関する複数の前記計測部の位置情報を計測する計測装置と、を有し、複数の前記計測部が前記保持部上に設けられるとともに、前記被計測部が前記計測部と対向するように設けられ、前記計測ビームが前記複数の格子領域の少なくとも1つに照射される複数の前記計測部の計測情報と、前記計測装置の計測情報とに基づいて、前記保持部の位置情報を計測する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記計測装置は、前記第2方向に関して互いに離れて配置される複数の格子領域を有する前記被計測部と、前記被計測部に対してそれぞれ計測ビームを照射し、かつ前記第1および第2方向を含む所定平面内で移動可能な複数の前記計測部とを有する請求項4に記載の露光装置。
- 前記投影光学系を支持するフレーム部材を備え、
前記被計測部は、前記フレーム部材に設けられる請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。 - 所定のパターンを保持するパターン保持体と、前記パターン保持体を前記第1方向に駆動する第3駆動部とを有し、エネルギビームを用いて前記パターン保持体を介して前記物体に前記パターンを形成する形成装置を備える請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記物体は、フラットパネルディスプレイに用いられる基板である請求項7に記載の露光装置。
- 前記基板は、少なくとも一辺の長さ又は対角長が500mm以上である請求項8に記載の露光装置。
- 請求項8又は9に記載の露光装置を用いて前記物体を露光することと、
露光された前記物体を現像することと、を含むフラットパネルディスプレイの製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載の露光装置を用いて前記物体を露光することと、
露光された前記物体を現像することと、を含むデバイス製造方法。 - 投影光学系を介して照明光により物体を露光する露光方法であって、
計測部と被計測部とを含む位置計測部の前記計測部の出力に基づいて、前記物体を保持する保持部の位置情報を取得することと、
第1駆動部により前記保持部上の前記計測部と前記被計測部と一方を他方に対して相対移動させることと、を含む露光方法。
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CN201680057221.XA CN108139688A (zh) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | 曝光装置、平面显示器的制造方法、组件制造方法、及曝光方法 |
CN202010477970.6A CN111650818B (zh) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | 曝光装置、平面显示器的制造方法、及组件制造方法 |
US15/763,818 US20180356739A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | Exposure apparatus, manufacturing method of flat-panel display, device manufacturing method, and exposure method |
JP2017543562A JP6958355B2 (ja) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-09-29 | 露光装置、フラットパネルディスプレイの製造方法、及びデバイス製造方法 |
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HK1248832A1 (zh) | 2018-10-19 |
TWI744251B (zh) | 2021-11-01 |
US20200183291A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
TW201723671A (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
CN111650818A (zh) | 2020-09-11 |
US20180356739A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
KR20180058734A (ko) | 2018-06-01 |
CN111650818B (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
US11126094B2 (en) | 2021-09-21 |
JPWO2017057577A1 (ja) | 2018-07-26 |
JP6958355B2 (ja) | 2021-11-02 |
CN108139688A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
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