WO2017050304A1 - Élément de drainage et procédé de fabrication associé - Google Patents

Élément de drainage et procédé de fabrication associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017050304A1
WO2017050304A1 PCT/CZ2016/000108 CZ2016000108W WO2017050304A1 WO 2017050304 A1 WO2017050304 A1 WO 2017050304A1 CZ 2016000108 W CZ2016000108 W CZ 2016000108W WO 2017050304 A1 WO2017050304 A1 WO 2017050304A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cells
internal
drainage element
external
drainage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2016/000108
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Slavoj ČEGAN
Original Assignee
Čegan s.r.o.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Čegan s.r.o. filed Critical Čegan s.r.o.
Priority to EP16794929.6A priority Critical patent/EP3353352B1/fr
Priority to CR20180224A priority patent/CR20180224A/es
Publication of WO2017050304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017050304A1/fr
Priority to ZA2018/02590A priority patent/ZA201802590B/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0477—Underroof drainage layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/20—Drainage details
    • E01C2201/202—Horizontal drainage channels
    • E01C2201/207—Horizontal drainage channels channels on the bottom
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drainage element comprising a supporting member consisting of internal cells mutually abutting, and outer cells, of which the peripheral walls define the outer walls of the drainage element, which is intended for surface consolidation and water drainage from impermeable or hardly permeable surfaces.
  • Drainage systems are used for drainage of water from various surfaces, most commonly for drainage of water from the soil surface or reinforced surfaces intended to be used as foundations for various building. These surfaces are characterized by various water permeability. Water in the form of rain enters the drainage element through its upper surface and exits through permeable layers of woven or nonwoven material. Excess water in the cell is drained through the passage openings into adjacent cells. The passage opening may be constructed also for drainage of water the cells.
  • the European application EP2402507 discloses a system for surface drainage of rain water.
  • the system consists of an upper layer, bottom layer, supporting layer and a base layer.
  • the supporting layer is filled with gravel, wherein the rocks adjacent to the base layer have the largest diameter and those adjacent to the base layers have the smallest diameter.
  • the gravel layer with the smallest rocks forms the dividing layer, which divides the supporting layer and the bottom layer.
  • the supporting and the upper layer is provided with lattice reinforcement, wherein the chambers are created. The reinforcement is separated from the road by means of edge strips.
  • the German application DE3140701 discloses a lattice element with openings and a drainage system, which is intended for grass surfaces.
  • the grid made of flexible and porous material similar to rubber, which serves as a drainage system.
  • the drainage system consists of a set of partitions and chambers for water drainage.
  • the porous material preferably comprises polyurethane-bound granules.
  • the lattice element may be used, for example, in a soccer field goal, wherein the load creates by a foot of a player is substantially absorbed by the lattice and thus protects the plant's root system as well as the plant itself.
  • the French application FR2691726 discloses a device with a drainage layer having smooth surfaces for tennis courts. The drainage layer serves as the base layer. Upon the drainage layer a levelling layer is provided, on which the thermoplastic hexagonal panels, connected mutually as a honeycomb, are arranged. The thermoplastic panels are filled with fine material, mainly red clay of 0 to 3 mm
  • the European application EP2687630A1 discloses a drainage element, wherein the bottom part of the walls of each chamber of the drainage element is provided with at least one passage opening, wherein the opening may be positioned in the first half or the first quarter of the chamber wall height.
  • the passage opening allows the movement of water form one chamber into the second.
  • the passage element may be of different sizes or shapes, for example, a quadrangle, a circle, etc. By means of a suitable arrangement of shape and size, it is possible to control the water flow direction.
  • a thin layer of woven or nonwoven material which helps to drain flow of water downwards and out of the drainage element, may be attached to the bottom edges of the drainage element. The layer also performs a function of a barrier against penetration of plants as well as it maintains the used drainage material in the cell.
  • the drainage system with geostatic structure and method of production thereof is disclosed in the patent application no. US6505996.
  • the invention is intended to be arranged under the road surface, buildings, retaining walls or parking.
  • Geosynthetic structure formed by geocomposite is preferably provided with permeable geotextile.
  • the drainage system structure allows flow of gases or liquids through the basic element of the structure and permeable foil.
  • the drainage system consists of multiple layers, wherein some of the layers may be attached together by means of ultrasonic welding.
  • the system further comprises another method of drainage of liquid from its structure, for example, by means of a set of perforated tubes draining water from their structure.
  • Embodiment of the drainage element usually consists of a system of mutually abutting cells divided by walls, which form the passage together with the upper and bottom opening.
  • the cells are often filled with porous material, such as for example soil, gravel or aggregate having different grain size.
  • porous material such as for example soil, gravel or aggregate having different grain size.
  • the surface under the drainage element is impermeable or hardly permeable, it may cause uncontrolled overflow of water or washing the filling material out of the cells.
  • the aim of the invention is to improve water drainage from various surfaces using a drainage element consisting mainly of mutually adjacent cells, which are separated from each other with walls, wherein water permeable foil made of polymer material is ultrasonically welded to the element. Further, the invention aims at providing an inexpensive production method of the drainage element.
  • a drainage element consisting of a supporting member, internal cells and external cells, characterized in that the bottom surface of the internal walls of the internal cells and external walls of the external cells is larger than the upper surface of the internal walls of the internal cells and external walls of the external cells, wherein the bottom surface of the internal cells and external cells of the element is provided with grooves.
  • the object of the invention is construction of a drainage element, which is filled with drainage material, for example, aggregate with the grain size of 0/36 mm, sand, etc.
  • the drainage element is designed so as to maximize the firmness and at the same time reduce the amount of used drainage material. Reduction of drainage material occurs by mutual fixation of particular aggregate grains in the cells of the drainage element, wherein the walls of the drainage element prevent the movement of aggregate grains out of the inner space of the cell.
  • a geotextile attached on the bottom side of the supporting member of the drainage element separates the aggregate and prevents its movement to bottom layers of the subsoil. Therefore, the bottom layer of the subsoil is not disturbed, which ensures long service life of such treated subsoil.
  • a preferred embodiment is a supporting member with dimensions of 1176 mm x 764 mm x 32 m. It consists of interconnected internal and external cells having a hexagonal shape in the plan cross- section.
  • the supporting member preferably consists of 530 interconnected cells, wherein the size of each cell is 42 mm, the width of the upper/bottom surface of the cell wall is 0,8 mm/1 ,4 mm.
  • Water permeable foil is, for example, polypropylene non- woven geotextile with the basic weight of 45 g/m 2 -68 g/m 2 .
  • This polymer material has high firmness, which results in reduced amount of aggregate in the supporting member.
  • the function of the foil is to separate the used aggregate from the substrate layer and prevents it from mixing with the material of the substrate layer. Thanks to the fact that this non-woven geotextile is flexible, it adapts to the aggregate shape without being damaged.
  • the depth of the grooves formed on the bottom surfaces of the cell walls of the supporting member is from 0,2 mm to 5 mm, the width is from 0,1 mm to 0,4 mm and the weight of the drainage element without aggregate backfill is from 1 ,3 kg to 1 ,5 kg.
  • Load capacity of the drainage element which consists of non-recyclable polypropylene, is 120 T/m 2 without a backfill, and the load capacity while using recyclable polypropylene is 95 T/m 2
  • loading capacity of the drainage element with backfill, while using non-recyclable polypropylene is up to 300 T/m 2
  • load capacity of the drainage element while using recyclable polypropylene is up to 250 T/m 2
  • thermal restriction of the drainage element is from - 20 °C to +70 °C.
  • Another part of the scope of the invention is a method of production of the drainage element characterized in that the drainage element is positioned on the permeable foil with its bottom surface of the internal cells and the external cells, after which a firm connection between them is formed by means of downforce and ultrasonic vibrations in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the bottom surfaces which are being connected, wherein, at the same, grooves are formed on the bottom surface of the internal and the external cells.
  • Ultrasonic welding refers to a method of formation of a firm connection between materials, which utilizes oscillating ultrasonic energies in the connected regions. Materials are welded as soon as a suitable static force is present in the welded regions, which ensures acoustic coupling, while using ultrasonic vibrations in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the connected surfaces.
  • the connection is formed by vertical action of the ultrasonic vibrations on the plane of the connection, while at the same time using the action of pressing force.
  • the pressing force is still maintained after completion of the ultrasonic vibrations, so as the connection is transformed from the plastic into solid state. In this way, the grooves-channels formed on the bottom surfaces of the cells walls are preserved.
  • the overall welding time is short, even considering both operations, and usually does not exceed 2 to 3 s.
  • the drainage element produced using the method according to the invention allows redistribution of water into surroundings, maximization of its firmness and reduction of the aggregate amount in the drainage element, which, thanks to its lightweight structure, also allows secure application, for example, even on the roofs of the houses or terraces. Provided that it is used by a professional, it provides stable and porous surface.
  • fig. 1 illustrates axonometric view of the drainage element provided with permeable foil
  • Fig. 2 illustrates axonometric view on the drainage element from the bottom
  • fig. 3 illustrates a view on the B detail of the cells of the supporting member from the bottom
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a view on the C detail of the set of grooves formed on the bottom side of the cells
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a cross-section of the drainage element in the section A-A
  • fig. 6 illustrates a view on the B detail of the cell of the supporting member from the top
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the shape of the sonotrodes, fig.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the arrangement of the ironing table having a plurality of sonotrodes in ultrasonic welding of the permeable foil and the plastic moulding, and the fig. 9 illustrates the mutual arrangement of the particular parts of the drainage element, wherein the particular cells are filled with aggregate.
  • the invention relates to a drainage element, which will be further disclosed by means of a preferable embodiment, which it not limiting regarding the scope of the invention.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the drainage element 2 is illustrated in the fig. 1 and fig. 2.
  • the drainage element consists of the supporting member 1 firmly connected with the permeable foil 4.
  • the supporting member ⁇ consists of the internal cells 3, which are surrounded by the adjacent internal cells 3, and on the edge of the supporting member by the external cells 3 ⁇ .
  • the internal cells 3 as well as the external cells 3 ⁇ may be of hexagonal, pentagonal, rectangular, triangular shape or other similar shape, in the plane cross-sectional view. All the internal cells 3 as well as the external cells 3 ' are mutually interconnected by means of their walls 5, see the fig. 3.
  • the internal cells 3 and the external cells 3 ' have a hexagonal shape in their cross-section, they are arranged in a shape similar to a honeycomb. It is not a requirement for all the internal and external cells 3 and in the supporting member ⁇ to have the same shape and size, as the height and width of the internal and external walls 5 and ( as well as the shape of internal and external cells 3 and 3 ' are determined by the specific requirements on the structure of the drainage element 2, wherein these requirements are determined by the place of application of the drainage element 2.
  • the internal cell 3 consists of walls 5, which may be arranged in a hexagonal shape, and thus define its inner space as well as the inlet 9 (fig. 1 and fig.
  • the openings 9 formed in the internal as well as external walls 3 and 3 ' are used for entry and passage of water through the aggregate 12 and the permeable foil 4 to the subsoil 13.
  • the walls 5 and ⁇ of the internal as well as the external cells 3 and 3 ' are characterized by different width on the bottom surface 6 and the upper surface 7, see the fig. 6. Difference of the width of the walls 5 of the internal and the external cells 3 and 3 ' ensures high surface load of the supporting member.
  • the bottom surfaces 6 are therefore provided with the grooves 8, see the fig. 5.
  • the grooves 8 serve to drain water from the particular cells out of the inner space of the supporting member 1.
  • the supporting member 1 of the drainage element 2 is connected with the permeable foil 4, which helps to drain water downwards and sideways, wherein at the same time it serves as a barrier against penetration of plants. In this way, it is possible to prevent washing out of the filling material by water, which would flow through the upper opening 9.
  • Method for the production of the drainage element 2 consists of the following steps.
  • the drainage element 2 is positioned on the permeable foil 4 with its bottom surface 6 of the internal cells 3 and the external cells 3', wherein using pressing force and ultrasonic vibrations at the same time, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the connected bottom surface 6, a firm connection between them is formed, wherein at the same time the grooves 8 are formed on the bottom surfaces 6 of the internal cells 3 and the external cells 3 ⁇ .
  • Ultrasonic device consists of ultrasonic ironing table 10, which is provided with a plurality of sonotrodes H having shaped surface, as it is apparent for example in the fig. 7 and fig. 8.
  • the ultrasonic welding is performed as follows.
  • the supporting member 1, e.g. plastic moulding, is arranged on the ironing table so as the wider bottom surfaces 6 of the internal and external walls 5 and 5 ' of the moulding are positioned at the top.
  • the traction element of the chain has to fit into the internal and external cells 3 and 3 ' in order to provide secure movement of the supporting member 1, in a form of a moulding, across the table.
  • the permeable foil 4 e.g. non-woven geotextile
  • the permeable foil 4 has to be stretched and threaded under the sonotrodes 11. in order to form a firm connection between the bottom surfaces 6 and the permeable foil 4 by means of pressing force of the sonotrodes 11..
  • the grooves 8 are formed on the bottom surfaces 6, wherein its shape copies the shaped surface of the sonotrodes 11.
  • the number of grooves depends on the shape of the sonotrodes H, i.e. in case the maximum width of the foot of the protrusions 14 is 11 ,2 mm, the number of grooves 8 is four, in the direction perpendicular to each bottom surface 6 of the internal and the external wall 5 and 5 ' .
  • the number of grooves 8 is forty-four, in a direction perpendicular to each bottom surface 6 of the internal and the external wall 5 and IT. At least four internal and the external walls 5 and 5 ' of the internal and the external cell 3 and 3 ' are provided with grooves 8 for water redistribution, wherein the grooves 8 are oriented transversely, under the 30° angle, relative to the internal and the external walls 5 and 5 ⁇
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described in the patent application, wherein the drainage element 2 may be produced in different variations within the scope of the respective claims.
  • the plan cross-section of the internal and the external cells 3 and 3 ' is not limited in its shape illustrated in the drawings, and these cells 3 and 3 ' in the supporting member ⁇ may be of rectangular, pentagonal, etc. shape in their plane cross-section.
  • the grooves 8 may also be specifically adapted for each bottom surface 6 of the internal and the external cells 3 and y, for directing the water flow. Such shaping of the grooves 8 is dependent on the surface of the sonotrodes 11.
  • the drainage element may be used for gravel, sand or soil. It is designed so as to maximize the firmness and at the same time reduce the amount of the used aggregate.
  • the drainage element may be arranged on a road or a structure, such as roof of a building, terrace, etc., and it is used for drainage of, for example, rain water from the surface into surroundings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de drainage comprenant un élément de support (1) constitué de cellules internes (3), en butée les unes contre les autres, et de cellules externes (3'). La surface inférieure (6) des parois (5, 5') des cellules internes et externes (3, 3') est plus grande qu'une surface supérieure (7) desdites parois (5, 5'). La surface inférieure (6) des cellules internes (3) et des cellules externes (3') de l'élément de support (1) présente des rainures (8). Une feuille perméable (4) est liée à la surface inférieure des cellules (3, 3').
PCT/CZ2016/000108 2015-09-22 2016-09-22 Élément de drainage et procédé de fabrication associé WO2017050304A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16794929.6A EP3353352B1 (fr) 2015-09-22 2016-09-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de drainage
CR20180224A CR20180224A (es) 2015-09-22 2016-09-22 Elemento de drenaje y su método de producción
ZA2018/02590A ZA201802590B (en) 2015-09-22 2018-04-18 Drainage element and method for the production thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2015-649 2015-09-22
CZ2015-649A CZ2015649A3 (cs) 2015-09-22 2015-09-22 Drenážní element a způsob jeho výroby

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017050304A1 true WO2017050304A1 (fr) 2017-03-30

Family

ID=56885676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CZ2016/000108 WO2017050304A1 (fr) 2015-09-22 2016-09-22 Élément de drainage et procédé de fabrication associé

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3353352B1 (fr)
CR (1) CR20180224A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ2015649A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017050304A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201802590B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3483338A1 (fr) * 2017-11-10 2019-05-15 Cegan Holding, a.s. Élément de drainage avec un concept d'ajustement
FR3080635A1 (fr) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-01 Soprema Module a structure alveolaire et systeme de couverture l'integrant
DE102020125580A1 (de) 2020-09-30 2022-03-31 Aco Ahlmann Se & Co. Kg Verlegegitterplatte zur Bodenbefestigung und Herstellungsverfahren

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3139585A1 (fr) * 2022-09-12 2024-03-15 Soprema Module à propriétés drainantes et système de couverture intégrant de tels modules

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3140701A1 (de) 1981-10-14 1983-04-28 Hermann 5300 Bonn Barstadt Gitterkoerper, insbesondere rasendraenkoerper, fuer mechanisch hoch beanspruchte rasenflaechen
EP0266701A2 (fr) * 1986-11-04 1988-05-11 FRÄNKISCHE ROHRWERKE, GEBR. KIRCHNER GmbH & Co. Arrangement d'un substrat pour gazonner un toit et procédé pour la fabrication de cet arrangement
FR2691726A1 (fr) 1992-05-29 1993-12-03 Scores Court de tennis en terre battue "structurée", et son obtention.
US6505996B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2003-01-14 Tenax Corporation Drainage system with unitary void-maintaining geosynthetic structure and method for constructing system
EP2402507A2 (fr) 2010-06-30 2012-01-04 Christian Peneder Installation de drainage de précipitations
US20120202005A1 (en) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-09 Tenax S.P.A. Net Structure, in Particular for Geotechnical Applications
EP2687630A1 (fr) 2012-07-19 2014-01-22 Sell Kunststoffen B.V. Élément de drainage

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5343996B2 (ja) * 2011-04-20 2013-11-13 株式会社デンソー ハニカム構造体
CN202482736U (zh) * 2012-01-12 2012-10-10 海宁吉航土工材料有限公司 蜂巢土工格室

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3140701A1 (de) 1981-10-14 1983-04-28 Hermann 5300 Bonn Barstadt Gitterkoerper, insbesondere rasendraenkoerper, fuer mechanisch hoch beanspruchte rasenflaechen
EP0266701A2 (fr) * 1986-11-04 1988-05-11 FRÄNKISCHE ROHRWERKE, GEBR. KIRCHNER GmbH & Co. Arrangement d'un substrat pour gazonner un toit et procédé pour la fabrication de cet arrangement
FR2691726A1 (fr) 1992-05-29 1993-12-03 Scores Court de tennis en terre battue "structurée", et son obtention.
US6505996B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2003-01-14 Tenax Corporation Drainage system with unitary void-maintaining geosynthetic structure and method for constructing system
EP2402507A2 (fr) 2010-06-30 2012-01-04 Christian Peneder Installation de drainage de précipitations
US20120202005A1 (en) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-09 Tenax S.P.A. Net Structure, in Particular for Geotechnical Applications
EP2687630A1 (fr) 2012-07-19 2014-01-22 Sell Kunststoffen B.V. Élément de drainage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3483338A1 (fr) * 2017-11-10 2019-05-15 Cegan Holding, a.s. Élément de drainage avec un concept d'ajustement
FR3080635A1 (fr) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-01 Soprema Module a structure alveolaire et systeme de couverture l'integrant
EP3564459A1 (fr) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-06 Soprema (Sas) Module à structure alvéolaire et système de couverture l'intégrant
DE102020125580A1 (de) 2020-09-30 2022-03-31 Aco Ahlmann Se & Co. Kg Verlegegitterplatte zur Bodenbefestigung und Herstellungsverfahren
EP3978686A1 (fr) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-06 ACO Ahlmann SE & Co. KG Élément de revêtement alvéolé et procédé de fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3353352A1 (fr) 2018-08-01
CZ306190B6 (cs) 2016-09-14
EP3353352B1 (fr) 2019-12-18
CZ2015649A3 (cs) 2016-09-14
ZA201802590B (en) 2019-07-31
CR20180224A (es) 2018-08-23

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