WO2017042892A1 - 蓄電池装置、蓄電池システム、方法及びプログラム - Google Patents
蓄電池装置、蓄電池システム、方法及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017042892A1 WO2017042892A1 PCT/JP2015/075512 JP2015075512W WO2017042892A1 WO 2017042892 A1 WO2017042892 A1 WO 2017042892A1 JP 2015075512 W JP2015075512 W JP 2015075512W WO 2017042892 A1 WO2017042892 A1 WO 2017042892A1
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- cell modules
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- cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3646—Constructional arrangements for indicating electrical conditions or variables, e.g. visual or audible indicators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/30—Monitoring
- G06F11/34—Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation ; Recording or statistical evaluation of user activity, e.g. usability assessment
- G06F11/3409—Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation ; Recording or statistical evaluation of user activity, e.g. usability assessment for performance assessment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a storage battery device, a storage battery system, a method, and a program.
- a large number of battery cells are used in combination in a multi-series / multi-parallel manner in order to construct a storage battery with a large output and a large capacity.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a storage battery device, a storage battery system, a method, and a program capable of reducing work space, work effort, and work time in the rearrangement work of battery modules. The purpose is to do.
- the storage battery device of the embodiment is a storage battery device in which battery cells are connected in series. And the bypass circuit provided with the diode connected in the reverse direction with respect to the corresponding battery cell, and the current limiting element connected in series with the diode is connected in parallel to each of the battery cells.
- FIG. 1 is an outline lineblock diagram of a natural energy power generation system provided with the storage battery system of an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of the storage battery system of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of detailed configurations of the cell module, the CMU, and the BMU.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the performance of the battery panel unit when the performance of the cell module is uniform.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the performance of the battery panel unit when variation occurs in the performance of the cell module.
- FIG. 6 is a processing flowchart of the rearrangement information calculation and presentation processing.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram (part 1) of the relocation destination setting procedure.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram (part 2) of the relocation destination setting procedure.
- FIG. 1 is an outline lineblock diagram of a natural energy power generation system provided with the storage battery system of an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of the storage battery system of the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram (part 3) of the relocation destination setting procedure.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement positions of the cell modules after completion of the rearrangement.
- FIG. 11 is a performance explanatory diagram of the battery panel unit after the cell modules are rearranged.
- Drawing 1 is an outline lineblock diagram of a natural energy power generation system provided with the storage battery system of an embodiment.
- the natural energy power generation system 100 functions as an electric power system, uses natural energy (renewable energy) such as sunlight, hydropower, wind power, biomass, geothermal heat, and the like, and a natural energy power generation unit 1 that can output as system power, A wattmeter 2 that measures the generated power of the energy power generation unit 1, and the surplus power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 is charged based on the measurement result of the wattmeter 2, and the generated power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 is discharged by discharging the insufficient power.
- natural energy newable energy
- a wattmeter 2 that measures the generated power of the energy power generation unit 1
- the surplus power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 is charged based on the measurement result of the wattmeter 2, and the generated power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 is discharged by discharging the insufficient power.
- a storage battery system 3 that is superimposed and output, a transformer 4 that performs voltage conversion of the output power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 (including the case where the output power of the storage battery system 3 is superimposed), and the locality of the storage battery system 3
- the storage battery controller 5 that performs the control and remote control of the storage battery controller 5 It includes a host controller 6, a.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration block diagram of the storage battery system of the embodiment.
- the storage battery system 3 can be broadly divided into a storage battery device 11 that stores electric power, and a power conversion device (PCS: Power) that converts DC power supplied from the storage battery device 11 into AC power having a desired power quality and supplies it to a load. Conditioning System) 12.
- PCS Power
- Conditioning System 12.
- the storage battery device 11 roughly comprises a plurality of battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N (N is a natural number) and a battery terminal board 22 to which the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N are connected. ing.
- the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N include a plurality of battery panels 23-1 to 23-M (M is a natural number) connected in parallel to each other, a gateway device 24, and a BMU (Battery Management Unit: battery described later). And a DC power supply device 25 that supplies a DC power supply for operation to a management device) and a CMU (Cell Monitoring Unit).
- the battery panels 23-1 to 23-M are connected to the output power source via the high potential side power supply line (high potential side power supply line) LH and the low potential side power supply line (low potential side power supply line) LL, respectively.
- Lines (output power supply lines; bus lines) LHO and LLO are connected to supply power to the power converter 12 that is the main circuit.
- the battery panel 23-1 can be broadly divided into a plurality (24 in FIG. 1) of cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 and a plurality of cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 (FIG. 1). 24) CMU 32-1 to 32-24, a service disconnect 33 provided between the cell module 31-12 and the cell module 31-13, a current sensor 34, and a contactor 35.
- the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24, the service disconnect 33, the current sensor 34, and the contactor 35 are connected in series.
- the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 form a battery pack by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series and parallel.
- a plurality of cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 connected in series constitute an assembled battery group.
- the battery panel 23-1 includes a BMU 36, and the communication lines of the CMUs 32-1 to 32-24 and the output line of the current sensor 34 are connected to the BMU 36.
- the BMU 36 controls the entire battery panel 23-1 under the control of the gateway device 24, and displays the communication results (voltage data and temperature data described later) and the detection results of the current sensor 34 with each CMU 32-1 to 32-24. Based on this, the contactor 35 is controlled to open and close.
- the battery terminal board 22 is configured as a microcomputer for controlling the plurality of panel breakers 41-1 to 41-N provided corresponding to the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N and the entire storage battery device 11.
- a master device 42 for controlling the plurality of panel breakers 41-1 to 41-N provided corresponding to the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N and the entire storage battery device 11.
- the master device 42 is configured as a control power line 51 and Ethernet (registered trademark) supplied via the UPS (Uninterruptible Power System) 12A of the power conversion device 12 between the power conversion device 12 and the control data. Are connected to a control communication line 52 that exchanges data.
- UPS Uninterruptible Power System
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of detailed configurations of the cell module, the CMU, and the BMU.
- Each of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 includes a plurality (10 in FIG. 3) of battery cells 61-1 to 61-10 connected in series.
- CMUs 32-1 to 32-24 are voltage temperature measurement ICs (Analog Front End IC: AFE) for measuring the voltage of the battery cells constituting the corresponding cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 and the temperature of a predetermined location.
- -IC) 62 an MPU 63 that controls the entire CMU 32-1 to 32-24, and a communication controller 64 that conforms to the CAN (Controller Area Network) standard for performing CAN communication with the BMU 36, And a memory 65 for storing voltage data and temperature data corresponding to the voltage for each cell.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- each of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 and the corresponding CMUs 32-1 to 32-24 will be referred to as battery modules 37-1 to 37-24.
- a configuration in which the cell module 31-1 and the corresponding CMU 32-1 are combined is referred to as a battery module 37-1.
- the BMU 36 is transmitted from the MPU 71 that controls the entire BMU 36, the communication controller 72 conforming to the CAN standard for performing CAN communication between the CMUs 32-1 to 32-24, and the CMUs 32-1 to 32-24. And a memory 73 for storing voltage data and temperature data.
- the storage battery controller 5 detects the generated power of the natural energy power generation unit 1 and suppresses output fluctuations of the generated power using the storage battery device 11 in order to reduce the influence of the generated power on the power system.
- the fluctuation suppression amount for the storage battery device 11 is calculated by the storage battery controller 5 or its upper control device 6 and is given as a charge / discharge command to a PCS (Power Conditioning System) 12 corresponding to the storage battery device 11.
- PCS Power Conditioning System
- Battery characteristics that change due to deterioration include internal resistance and battery capacity.
- the battery capacity tends to decrease with time, and the internal resistance of the battery tends to increase.
- One factor that reduces battery capacity is an increase in internal resistance.
- the battery cells 61-1 to 61-10 and the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 are combined in multiple series and multiple parallel.
- the battery cells 61-1 to 61- 10 and the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 are considered to vary.
- the capacity (Ah: Ampere per Hour) of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 is The capacity of the battery cells 61-1 to 61-10 having the minimum capacity constituting each of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 is defined.
- the battery cell of the maximum capacity for example, battery cell 61-10
- the other battery cells in the above example, battery cells 61-1 to 61-9) This is because overdischarge or overcharge occurs.
- the capacity (Ah) of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-M is equal to each battery.
- the capacity of the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24 having the minimum capacity constituting the panels 23-1 to 23-M is defined. For example, when performing from full discharge to full charge according to the maximum capacity cell module (for example, cell module 31-1), other cell modules (in the above example, cell modules 31-2 to 31-24) This is because overdischarge or overcharge occurs.
- the performance of the battery cell having the lowest performance in the series configuration or the performance of the cell module determines the overall performance of the series configuration.
- the capacity of each of the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N is (at least statically) equal to each battery panel 23-
- the total capacity is 1 to 23-M.
- the total capacity of the storage battery device 11 is (at least statically) the total capacity of the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N.
- the battery panel unit 21-1 is modeled to consider the performance degradation of the storage battery device 11.
- the battery panel unit 21-1 includes three battery panels 23-1 to 23-3, and the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3 are respectively It is assumed that three cell modules 31-1 to 31-3 are provided.
- the cell modules 31-1 to 31- of the battery panel 23-1 are identified.
- 3 is shown as cell modules C1 to C3
- cell modules 31-1 to 31-3 of the battery board 23-2 are shown as cell modules C4 to C6
- cell modules 31-1 to 31- of the battery board 23-3 are shown.
- 3 is shown as cell modules C7 to C9.
- the battery panel unit 21-1 is configured by a total of nine cell modules C1 to C9.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the performance of the battery panel unit when the performance of the cell module is uniform.
- the performance value given to each cell module C1 to C9 is, for example, the measurement result of the internal resistance for the battery cells (battery cells 61-1 to 61-9) or the cell modules C1 to C9 constituting each cell module. Based on this, the deterioration states of the cell modules C1 to C9 are shown. Generally, as the secondary battery deteriorates, the internal resistance increases, and the chargeable / dischargeable capacity decreases.
- the performance values of the cell modules C1 to C9 shown in FIG. 4 are battery degradation states calculated based on the internal resistance of the cell modules C1 to C9 and the capacity of the battery cells constituting each of the cell modules C1 to C9. This is a simplified representation in 10 stages. That is, the higher the performance value (in the case of the example of FIG. 4, the smaller the value is closer to 10), the lower the deterioration.
- the performance of each of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3 is determined by the minimum value among the performance values corresponding to the three cell modules connected in series.
- the overall performance of the battery panel unit 21-1 is the sum of the performance values of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3.
- FIG. 4 assumes the battery panel unit 21-1 when the performance of the cell modules C1 to C9 is uniform (the performance values of the cell modules are not varied at all) and the performance is high (for example, in the initial state). Shows the state.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the performance of the battery panel unit when variation occurs in the performance of the cell module.
- the secondary batteries constituting the battery cells 61-1 to 61-10 are deteriorated due to charge / discharge cycles and aging deterioration, but the degree of progress of deterioration depends on the use situation and the surrounding environment (temperature, humidity), etc. Since they are different, the cell modules C1 to C9 do not always deteriorate evenly.
- the arrangement of the cell modules C1 to C9 is changed to change the battery modules 23-1 to 23-3.
- the performance can be improved (recovered), and hence the performance of the battery panel unit 21-1 can be improved (recovered). That is, as described above, in the cell module group connected in series, the cell module (or battery cell) having the lowest performance value becomes a restriction, and the chargeable / dischargeable capacity is determined.
- the capacity of the battery panel unit 21-1 is the sum of the capacity of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3. It becomes.
- the capacity that can be charged / discharged tends to be smaller than when the capacity of each battery panel 23-1 to 23-3 is simply summed, but the performance between the cell modules C1 to C9 connected in series is reduced. Compared to the case where a difference occurs, the effect is considered to be small.
- the cell modules are rearranged so as to suppress the difference in performance between the cell modules C1 to C9 connected in series, the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3 and eventually the battery panel unit 21-1 The decrease in capacity can be improved (recovered).
- the arrangement of the cell modules C1 to C9 in the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3 is arbitrary, and the performance values of the cell modules constituting the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3, respectively.
- the cell modules C1 to C9 By allowing the cell modules C1 to C9 to be rearranged so as to minimize the difference between them, by improving (recovering) the performance of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3 with minimal effort, The capacity (performance) of the battery panel unit 21-1, that is, the system performance is improved (recovered).
- FIG. 6 is a processing flowchart of the rearrangement information calculation and presentation processing.
- the host controller 6 receives the CMU 32-1 through the BMU 36 of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-M constituting the storage battery controller 5, the PCS 12, and the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N. Let the CMU 32-24 measure or estimate the internal resistance or battery capacity of the battery cells constituting the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24, and obtain the performance values for the cell modules 31-1 to 31-24. (Step S11).
- the host controller 6 notifies each of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-M constituting the battery panel units 21-1 to 21-N via the BMU 36, the PCS 12, and the storage battery controller 5 that are notified.
- the cell modules are ranked based on the performance values of the cell modules (step S12).
- the ranks are set in descending order of performance values.
- the cell module C1 is fifth
- the cell module C2 is seventh
- the cell module C3 is fourth
- the cell module C4 ranks first
- cell module C5 ranks eighth
- cell module C6 ranks sixth
- cell module C7 ranks third
- cell module C8 ranks second
- cell module C9 ranks ninth.
- the host controller 6 assigns the maximum number of cell modules that can be placed in each of the battery boards 23-1 to 23-3 in the order determined in step S12 to the battery boards 23-1 to 23-3. Allocate all together (step S13).
- cell modules (cell modules C4, C8, C7) having performance values corresponding to the first to third ranks are allocated to the battery panel 23-1
- the battery panel 23-2 includes Cell modules (cell modules C3, C1, C6) corresponding to performance values of 4th to 6th are allocated, and cell modules corresponding to performance values of 7th to 9th are assigned to the battery panel 23-3. (Cell modules C2, C5, C9) are allocated.
- the host controller 6 determines a specific relocation destination of the cell module (step S14).
- the arrangement of the cell modules (in the order of series connection) in each of the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3 is arbitrarily set without affecting the performance of the corresponding battery panels 23-1 to 23-3. Since it is possible, the cell modules (cell module C6 and cell module C9 in the case of the example in FIG. 5) whose corresponding battery panels do not change before and after the assignment are excluded from the relocation targets and remain as they are. To do. Thereby, the performance recovery of the whole storage battery system can be aimed at, reducing the effort accompanying replacement
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram (part 1) of the relocation destination setting procedure.
- the cell module C1 is arranged on the battery board 23-1 before the rearrangement, but needs to be arranged on the battery board 23-2 after the rearrangement.
- the relocation destination of the cell module C1 is the battery before relocation. Only the arrangement position of the cell module C4 or the cell module C5 on the board 23-2 is provided.
- each cell module C1 to C5 and C7 to C8 is rearranged, and the arrangement position of each cell module is regarded as a node.
- the moving direction from the original arrangement position (node) to the rearrangement destination is shown as a directed side (arrow).
- the relocatable position is One or more are envisioned.
- the cell module C8 is arranged on the battery panel 23-3 before the rearrangement. However, after the rearrangement, the cell module C8 needs to be arranged on the battery panel 23-1.
- the arrangement positions of the cell modules C1 to C3 of the battery panel 23-1 before the rearrangement are the rearrangeable positions. Therefore, in FIG. 7, three directed sides L1 to L3 are shown.
- the host controller 6 passes through the directed side indicated by the arrow in FIG. 7 for at least one other cell module for each of the cell modules C1 to C5 and C7 to C8 to be rearranged.
- the position at which relocation is possible is determined by obtaining the shortest path (shortest closed circuit) that returns to the original cell module arrangement position again via the arrangement position (step S14).
- the position where the rearrangement can be performed is determined by the movement of the smallest cell module. More specifically, when one cell module to be rearranged is rearranged, if the rearrangement of the two cell modules is completed by moving two cell modules (so-called replacement of the arrangement positions), The arrangement possible position is preferentially adopted over the relocation possible position where the rearrangement of the three cell modules is completed by the movement of the three cell modules. This is because the amount of work is smaller when the rearrangement of the two cell modules is completed by moving the two cell modules.
- the original arrangement position (node) of the cell module to be examined for relocation destination is passed through the arrangement position (node) of at least one other cell module.
- the rearrangement position of the battery module is determined by obtaining the shortest path (shortest closed path) that returns to the original arrangement position (node) of the cell module to be studied.
- the relocation (moving) cost due to the difference in the relocation destination of the cell module that is, the time required for replacement such as removal of the cell module, movement of the cell module, and installation of the cell module is the same.
- the weights of the effective sides are all set to 1.
- the rearrangement destination considering the rearrangement cost is performed by weighting the effective side corresponding to the rearrangement. It is also possible to configure so that the trouble of replacement is taken into consideration.
- the shortest path is derived using an algorithm that solves the shortest path problem such as Dijkstra method or Bellman-Ford method in a network in which candidates for rearrangement positions of the cell modules C1 to C9 are represented by a directed graph. Good.
- the relocation destination of the cell module C1 at the current arrangement position (first node) is obtained.
- the candidates for the rearrangement destination of the cell module C1 are indicated by the directed sides L11 and L12 to the arrangement position (fourth node) of the cell module C4 and the arrangement position (fifth node) of the cell module C5. .
- the cell module C4 is a cell module to be rearranged on the battery panel 23-1 in which the cell module C1 has been arranged
- the cell module C4 is arranged from the arrangement position of the cell module C1 as indicated by the directed side L11. As shown in the directed side L21 toward the arrangement position, it can be seen that the path from the arrangement position of the cell module C4 to the arrangement position of the cell module C1 is the shortest path (shortest closed circuit).
- the rearrangement is completed by exchanging the cell module C1 and the cell module C4.
- the start position or the end point of the cell module C1 is the start position or the end point. All the opposite sides L11, L12, and L21 to L23 are removed (excluded from consideration).
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram (part 2) of the relocation destination setting procedure.
- FIG. 8 shows a state in which the directed sides L11, L12, and L21 to L23 unnecessary for the examination are removed from the state of FIG.
- the relocation destination of the cell module C2 at the current arrangement position (second node) is obtained.
- the candidates for the rearrangement destination of the cell module C2 are indicated by effective sides L31 and L32 to the arrangement position (seventh node) of the cell module C7 and the arrangement position (eighth node) of the cell module C8.
- each of the cell module C7 and the cell module C8 is a cell module to be rearranged on the battery panel 23-1 in which the cell module C2 has been arranged. Therefore, the path corresponding to the directed side L31 from the arrangement position of the cell module C2 to the arrangement position of the cell module C7 and the path corresponding to the directed side L32 from the arrangement position of the cell module C2 to the arrangement position of the cell module C8 It can be seen that both are the shortest paths.
- the previously processed side is selected, and the cell module C2 is arranged from the arrangement position of the cell module C7.
- the route toward the placement position is selected as the shortest route.
- the start position or the end point of the cell module C2 placement position (second node) or the cell module C7 placement position (seventh node) is determined. All the opposite sides L31, L32, L41, L42, and L51 are removed (excluded from consideration).
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram (part 3) of the relocation destination setting procedure. Subsequently, the rearrangement destinations of the cell module C3, the cell module C5, and the cell module C8 whose rearrangement position has not yet been determined are obtained. As shown in FIG. Directed side L61 going from the node) to the placement position (fifth node) of the cell module C5, and directed side L62 going from the placement position of the cell module C5 (fifth node) to the placement position of the cell module C8 (eighth node). In addition, only the directed side L63 from the arrangement position (eighth node) of the cell module C8 to the arrangement position (third node) of the cell module C3 remains, and this route is the shortest route.
- the relocation is completed by moving the cell module C3 to the arrangement position of the cell module C5, moving the cell module C5 to the arrangement position of the cell module C8, and moving the cell module C8 to the arrangement position of the cell module C3.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement positions of the cell modules after completion of the rearrangement. If the same procedure as described above is followed, the rearrangement of the cell modules is completed, and as shown in FIG. 10, a cell module having a higher performance value is arranged on the battery board 23-1, and the battery board 23-3 is arranged. Further, cell modules having lower performance values are arranged, and the remaining cell modules are arranged on the battery panel 23-2.
- FIG. 11 is a performance explanatory diagram of the battery panel unit after the cell modules are rearranged.
- the battery panels 23-1 to 23-3 are configured.
- the difference in performance value between the three cell modules is small.
- the replacement procedure shown in FIGS. It is only necessary to support the work by displaying on the screen or printing out the printed matter.
- the battery module (group of battery modules connected in series) is deteriorated by retesting the deterioration of the internal resistance and the like after the relocation of each battery module. Check whether the deviation (variation) of the state is minimized (or reduced within an allowable range).
- the work space, work labor, and work time can be reduced in the relocation work of the battery module.
- each storage battery device can be used effectively, the effective life of the storage battery system can be extended, the operation cost can be reduced, and the storage battery system can be operated for a long time.
- the configuration in which the host controller 6 performs the relocation processing of the cell modules has been adopted, but a configuration in which the storage battery control controller 5 or the PCS 12 performs may be adopted.
- a cell module having a higher performance value is disposed on the battery panel 23-1
- a cell module having a lower performance value is disposed on the battery panel 23-3
- the battery panel 23-2 is disposed.
- the remaining cell modules are arranged, it is also possible to arrange such that cell modules based on performance values are arranged on an arbitrary battery panel.
- no consideration has been given to the arrangement position of the cell modules in the battery panels 23-1 to 23-M, but the upper positions in the battery panels 23-1 to 23-M. Since the temperature of the arranged battery tends to be higher, the rearrangement position can be set in consideration of this.
Abstract
Description
すなわち、定置型蓄電池システムなどを構成する組電池では、直列接続された電池モジュール群(電池ユニット)において、各電池モジュール(あるいは、電池セル)間に劣化状態のばらつきが生じると、その電池モジュール群全体の性能は最も劣化が大きい電池モジュール(あるいは、電池セル)によって決まり、性能低下が顕著に現れるのである。
本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、電池モジュールの再配置作業において、作業スペース、作業労力及び作業時間の低減を図ることが可能な蓄電池装置、蓄電池システム、方法及びプログラムを提供することを目的としている。
そして、対応する電池セルに対し逆方向接続したダイオードと、ダイオードと直列に接続した電流制限用素子と、を備えたバイパス回路を、電池セルのそれぞれに対し並列接続している。
図1は、実施形態の蓄電池システムを備えた自然エネルギー発電システムの概要構成図である。
蓄電池システム3は、大別すると、電力を蓄える蓄電池装置11と、蓄電池装置11から供給された直流電力を所望の電力品質を有する交流電力に変換して負荷に供給する電力変換装置(PCS:Power Conditioning System)12と、を備えている。
電池盤ユニット21-1~21-Nは、互いに並列に接続された複数の電池盤23-1~23-M(Mは自然数)と、ゲートウェイ装置24と、後述のBMU(Battery Management Unit:電池管理装置)及びCMU(Cell Monitoring Unit:セル監視装置)に動作用の直流電源を供給する直流電源装置25と、を備えている。
電池盤23-1~23-Mは、それぞれ、高電位側電源供給ライン(高電位側電源供給線)LH及び低電位側電源供給ライン(低電位側電源供給線)LLを介して、出力電源ライン(出力電源線;母線)LHO、LLOに接続され、主回路である電力変換装置12に電力を供給している。
電池盤23-1は、大別すると、複数(図1では、24個)のセルモジュール31-1~31-24と、セルモジュール31-1~31-24にそれぞれ設けられた複数(図1では、24個)のCMU32-1~32-24と、セルモジュール31-12とセルモジュール31-13との間に設けられたサービスディスコネクト33と、電流センサ34と、コンタクタ35と、を備え、複数のセルモジュール31-1~31-24、サービスディスコネクト33、電流センサ34及びコンタクタ35は、直列に接続されている。
BMU36は、ゲートウェイ装置24の制御下で、電池盤23-1全体を制御し、各CMU32-1~32-24との通信結果(後述する電圧データ及び温度データ)及び電流センサ34の検出結果に基づいてコンタクタ35の開閉制御を行う。
電池端子盤22は、電池盤ユニット21-1~21-Nに対応させて設けられた複数の盤遮断器41-1~41-Nと、蓄電池装置11全体を制御するマイクロコンピュータとして構成されたマスタ(Master)装置42と、を備えている。
セルモジュール31-1~31-24は、それぞれ、直列接続された複数(図3では、10個)の電池セル61-1~61-10を備えている。
劣化によって変化する電池特性として、内部抵抗と電池容量がある。電池容量は経時的に減少傾向を示し、電池の内部抵抗は逆に増加傾向を示す。電池容量が減少する要因の一つに内部抵抗の増加が挙げられる。
さらに蓄電池装置11全体の容量は、(少なくとも静的には、)各電池盤ユニット21-1~21-Nの容量の合計となる。
また、理解の容易と、説明の簡略化のため、電池盤ユニット21-1が、三つの電池盤23-1~23-3を備えるものとし、電池盤23-1~23-3は、それぞれ三つのセルモジュール31-1~31-3を備えるものとする。
各セルモジュールC1~C9に付与された性能値は、例えば、各セルモジュールを構成している電池セル(電池セル61-1~61-9)あるいはセルモジュールC1~C9に対する内部抵抗の測定結果に基づいて、各セルモジュールC1~C9の劣化状態を表したものである。
一般的に、二次電池は劣化が進むほど内部抵抗が増加し、充放電可能な容量は逆に減少する。
ところで、電池セル61-1~61-10を構成している二次電池は、充放電サイクルや経年劣化により劣化が進むが、劣化の進行度合いは使用状況や周囲環境(温度、湿度)などによって異なるため、各セルモジュールC1~C9が均等に劣化していくとは限らない。
すなわち、前述の通り、直列接続されたセルモジュール群では、最も性能値の低いセルモジュール(あるいは電池セル)が制約となり、充放電可能な容量が決定する。
まず、上位制御装置6は、蓄電池制御コントローラ5、PCS12及び各電池盤ユニット21-1~21-Nを構成している電池盤23-1~23-MのBMU36を介して、CMU32-1~CMU32-24に対し、セルモジュール31-1~31-24を構成している電池セルの内部抵抗あるいは電池容量を測定あるいは推定させ、セルモジュール31-1~31-24毎の性能値を取得させ、通知させる(ステップS11)。
これにより、各電池盤23-1~23-3にそれぞれ割り当てられた後のセルモジュールの性能差は、割り当て前の状態よりも小さくなり、実際に充電あるいは放電に用いられない容量は減少する。
この場合において、電池盤23-1~23-3のそれぞれにおけるセルモジュールの配置(直列接続順)は、対応する電池盤23-1~23-3の性能には影響を与えず、任意に設定可能であるため、割り当て前と、割り当て後とで、対応する電池盤が変わらないセルモジュール(図5の例の場合、セルモジュールC6及びセルモジュールC9)は、再配置の対象から除き、そのままとする。これによって、電池モジュールの交換に伴う手間を削減しつつ、蓄電池システム全体の性能回復を図ることができる。
例えば、セルモジュールC1は、再配置前には、電池盤23-1に配置されているが、再配置後は、電池盤23-2に配置される必要がある。
これは、二つのセルモジュールの移動で当該二つのセルモジュールの再配置が完了する場合の方が、作業量が少ないからである。
先にも述べたように、図7において、セルモジュールC6とセルモジュールC9は、移動の必要が無いセルモジュールであるので、セルモジュールの移動先を示す有効辺が存在しない。
次に、セルモジュールC1とセルモジュールC4の移動先は決定したので、セルモジュールC1の配置位置(第1のノード)あるいはセルモジュールC4の配置位置(第4のノード)を始点または終点とする有向辺L11、L12、L21~L23を全て取り除く(検討対象から除外する)。
図8においては、図7の状態から検討に不要な有向辺L11、L12、L21~L23を取り除いた状態が示されている。
続いて、いまだ再配置位置が決定していないセルモジュールC3、セルモジュールC5及びセルモジュールC8の再配置先を求めることとなるが、図9に示すように、セルモジュールC3の配置位置(第3ノード)からセルモジュールC5の配置位置(第5ノード)へ向かう有向辺L61、セルモジュールC5の配置位置(第5ノード)からセルモジュールC8の配置位置(第8ノード)へ向かう有向辺L62及びセルモジュールC8の配置位置(第8ノード)からセルモジュールC3の配置位置(第3ノード)へ向かう有向辺L63しか残っておらず、しかもこの経路は、最短経路となっている。
以上の説明と同様の手順に従えば、セルモジュールの再配置が完了し、図10に示すように、電池盤23-1に、より性能値の高いセルモジュールを配置し、電池盤23-3に、より性能値の低いセルモジュールを配置し、電池盤23-2に残りのセルモジュールを配置している。
この結果、電池盤23-1~23-3の間では、図11に示すように比較的大きな性能値の差が存在するが、各電池盤内23-1~23-3を構成している3個のセルモジュール間の性能値の差は小さくなっている。
この結果、電池盤ユニット21-1としての性能値=12となり、再配置前の性能値=6に対して、改善されていることが分かる。
(1)セルモジュール毎に固有のID情報を記録(CMU内の記憶部などに記録)し、このID情報を外部から読み出すインタフェースを用意する。各電池モジュールの再配置前後のID情報を照合することによって、再配置が正しく行えたかどうかの検査を行う。
また、以上の説明においては、電池盤23-1に、より性能値の高いセルモジュールを配置し、電池盤23-3に、より性能値の低いセルモジュールを配置し、電池盤23-2に残りのセルモジュールを配置していたが、任意の電池盤に性能値に基づくセルモジュールを配置するように構成することも可能である。
また、以上の説明においては、電池盤23-1~23-M内においては、セルモジュールの配置位置については何も考慮していなかったが、電池盤23-1~23-M内で上部に配置された電池ほど温度が高くなる傾向にあるので、これを考慮して再配置位置を設定するように構成することも可能である。
Claims (10)
- 電池セルを備えたセルモジュールが複数、直列に接続される電池盤が複数並列に接続される蓄電池装置であって、
前記セルモジュールの性能値を取得する性能値取得部と、
取得された前記セルモジュールの性能値に基づいて、一の前記電池盤に再配置された後の前記セルモジュールの性能値のばらつきが再配置前より小さくなるように、前記複数の電池盤の間で、前記セルモジュールの再配置を行わせるための再配置情報を生成する情報生成部と、
を備えた蓄電池装置。 - 生成された前記再配置情報を提示する情報提示部を備えた、
請求項1記載の蓄電池装置。 - 前記情報生成部は、前記セルモジュールをノードとし、再配置位置を特定する有向辺を経路とする有向グラフを用いた最短閉路探索により前記再配置情報を生成する、
請求項1記載の蓄電池装置。 - 前記情報生成部は、前記セルモジュールの性能値のばらつきに基づいて前記セルモジュールの順位を付け、前記順位に従って、前記複数の電池盤に順番に前記セルモジュールを割り当てる、
請求項1記載の蓄電池装置。 - 電池セルを備えたセルモジュールが複数、直列に接続される電池盤が複数並列に接続される蓄電池装置と、前記蓄電池装置を制御する制御装置と、を備えた蓄電池システムであって、
前記制御装置は、前記蓄電池装置から前記セルモジュールの性能値を取得する性能値取得部と、
取得された前記セルモジュールの性能値に基づいて、一の前記電池盤に再配置された後の前記セルモジュールの性能値のばらつきが再配置前より小さくなるように、前記複数の電池盤の間で、前記セルモジュールの再配置を行わせるための再配置情報を生成する情報生成部と、
を備えた蓄電池システム。 - 前記制御装置は、生成された前記再配置情報を提示する情報提示部を備えた、
請求項5記載の蓄電池システム。 - 前記情報生成部は、前記セルモジュールをノードとし、再配置位置を特定する有向辺を経路とする有向グラフを用いた最短閉路探索により前記再配置情報を生成する、
請求項5記載の蓄電池システム。 - 電池セルを備えたセルモジュールが複数、直列に接続される電池盤が複数並列に接続される蓄電池装置で実行される方法であって、
前記セルモジュールの性能値を取得する過程と、
取得された前記セルモジュールの性能値に基づいて、一の前記電池盤に再配置された後の前記セルモジュールの性能値のばらつきが再配置前より小さくなるように、前記複数の電池盤の間で、前記セルモジュールの再配置を行わせるための再配置情報を生成する過程と、
生成された前記再配置情報を提示する過程と、
を備えた方法。 - 電池セルを備えたセルモジュールが複数、直列に接続される電池盤が複数並列に接続される蓄電池装置をコンピュータにより制御するためのプログラムであって、
前記コンピュータを、
前記セルモジュールの性能値を取得する手段と、
取得された前記セルモジュールの性能値に基づいて、一の前記電池盤に再配置された後の前記セルモジュールの性能値のばらつきが再配置前より小さくなるように、前記複数の電池盤の間で、前記セルモジュールの再配置を行わせるための再配置情報を生成する手段と、
生成された前記再配置情報を提示する手段と、
して機能させるプログラム。 - 前記再配置情報を生成する手段は、前記セルモジュールをノードとし、再配置位置を特定する有向辺を経路とする有向グラフを用いた最短閉路探索により前記再配置情報を生成する、
請求項9記載のプログラム。
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EP3349296A1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
CN108028437B (zh) | 2021-08-24 |
EP3349296A4 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
JPWO2017042892A1 (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
KR20170042493A (ko) | 2017-04-19 |
KR101807438B1 (ko) | 2017-12-08 |
CN108028437A (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
JP6125710B1 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
US20180172773A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
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