WO2017038729A1 - 血行状態評価方法、血流計測装置、および血流計測システム - Google Patents
血行状態評価方法、血流計測装置、および血流計測システム Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blood circulation state evaluation method, a blood flow measurement device, and a blood flow measurement system.
- SPP skin perfusion pressure
- the evaluation of the blood circulation state by transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcPO2) is to measure the oxygen partial pressure of the tissue while heating the living tissue, and evaluate the blood circulation state using this oxygen partial pressure as an index value. is there.
- the index values obtained by these conventional methods are recognized by the medical community as correctly assessing the blood circulation state.
- it is useful not only for blood circulation on the skin surface but also for evaluating the blood circulation state in a certain range of tissue mass including muscle tissue and thick blood vessels such as upper limbs and lower limbs.
- the conventional index value may be difficult to obtain, for example, because the SPP needs to be pressurized with a cuff wrapped around the lower limb, and is burdensome for patients with ischemia. Is desired.
- the distinction between patient groups with different symptom stages such as circulatory disorders is not always clear, so a new group that can clearly distinguish patient groups with poor circulation from other patient groups with relatively good conditions. Index values are desired.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a new index value that clearly indicates a blood circulation state.
- the blood circulation state evaluation method of the present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object, A measurement process in which the blood flow in a living tissue is measured multiple times over time; A slope calculation process for calculating the slope of the time change of the blood flow measured in the measurement process; An evaluation process for evaluating the blood flow state in the living tissue by comparing the value of the slope with a predetermined reference value; It is characterized by going through.
- the slope of the change in blood flow over time is used as an index value for blood flow state evaluation. It is a fact newly found by a clinical test conducted by the present inventors that this slope is an index value that clearly indicates the blood circulation state. Also, in this clinical test, even if the measurement of blood flow is to measure the blood flow in the surface layer (for example, the epidermis) of a living tissue, the value of the slope is determined by the region below the surface layer (for example, muscle). It was also confirmed that the blood circulation state in the contained tissue mass was clearly shown.
- the blood circulation state evaluation method of the present invention is an invention based on such a heuristic fact, and according to the blood circulation state evaluation method of the present invention, a new index value clearly showing the blood circulation state can be obtained, An accurate evaluation can be performed based on such an index value.
- the blood flow measuring device of the present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object is A measurement unit that measures the blood flow of biological tissue multiple times over time, An inclination calculating unit for calculating an inclination of a time change in blood flow measured by the measuring unit; A display unit for displaying the value of the inclination calculated by the inclination calculating unit; It is provided with. According to the blood flow measurement device of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the inclination of the blood flow over time and use it as an index value that clearly indicates the blood circulation state.
- Mathematical methods for analyzing time-varying quantities include, for example, the first-order derivative (slope), second-order derivative, decrease rate (ratio of the decrease relative to the original amount), and attenuation ratio, even if the analysis is related to the decrease in the amount.
- Various methods are known such as (ratio of the amount after attenuation to the original amount), decay constant, half-life (half-width at half maximum), and time constant.
- finding an analysis method that can provide an index value that clearly indicates the blood circulation state from among such a large number of analysis methods confirms whether the index value is appropriate by a clinical test. It's never easy to think about time and effort.
- the blood flow measurement target is the surface layer (for example, skin) of a living tissue
- the blood circulation state includes a tissue mass (surface layer) having a certain size such as an upper limb, a lower limb, a forearm, a foot, or a buttocks. If it is necessary to find an index value that can correctly evaluate the blood circulation state in the tissue mass (including the lower part), the meaning is completely different from the analysis of the measurement value itself.
- the measurement unit receives light that has been irradiated and returned to the living tissue, and measures the blood flow based on the received light signal.
- the blood flow can be measured by a non-invasive technique, and the burden on the living tissue is small.
- the measurement unit transmits and receives light to and from the living tissue with a probe attached to the living tissue. According to this more preferable blood flow measurement device, for example, the influence of the overall movement of the living tissue such as body movement of the patient on the measurement of blood flow can be suppressed, and the blood flow can be measured with high accuracy.
- the blood flow measurement system of the present invention that achieves the above-described object provides: A stimulus applying device for applying a stimulus for changing blood flow to a living tissue; A blood flow measuring device that measures the blood flow of the living tissue during or after the application of the stimulus by the stimulus applying device,
- the blood flow measuring device is A measurement unit that measures the blood flow of biological tissue multiple times over time,
- An inclination calculating unit for calculating an inclination of a time change in blood flow measured by the measuring unit;
- a display unit for displaying the value of the inclination calculated by the inclination calculating unit; It is characterized by having.
- the blood flow measurement device can obtain the gradient of the change in blood flow over time, and can be used for evaluation as an index value that clearly indicates the blood circulation state.
- an index value can be easily obtained.
- the blood flow measurement system of the present invention is The stimulus applying apparatus warms the living tissue, It is preferable that the blood flow measurement device measures a blood flow after heating. According to this preferable blood flow measurement system, among various possible stimuli such as heating, cooling, friction, vibration, chemical stimulation, etc. An appropriate index value can be obtained while maintaining safety.
- an index value that clearly indicates the blood circulation state can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is an external view showing an embodiment of a blood flow measurement system of the present invention.
- the blood flow measurement system 10 of the present embodiment has a configuration in which a light emitting receiver 200 that emits and receives laser light and a heating sheet 400 are connected to a personal computer 100.
- the heating sheet 400 is affixed to a living tissue (for example, a limb of a subject) and warms the living tissue.
- Laser light emitted from the light emitting and receiving device 200 is guided to the probe 300 via the optical fiber 310.
- the probe 300 is also attached to a living tissue (for example, a subject's limb) and irradiates the living tissue with light.
- the probe 300 receives light returned from the living tissue and sends it to the optical fiber 310.
- the light transmitted from the probe 300 via the optical fiber 310 is received by the light emitting / receiving device 200 and converted into an electrical light reception signal representing the received light intensity.
- This light reception signal is sent from the light emission receiver 200 to the personal computer 100.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a functional configuration of the blood flow measurement device.
- the heating sheet 400 of the blood flow measurement system 10 is attached to the lower limb 20 of the subject, for example, and the attached part is heated.
- the probe 300 is attached to the portion heated by the heating sheet 400 in exchange for the heating sheet 400.
- the heating sheet 400 is a transparent sheet, it is possible to perform measurement during heating by further attaching the probe 300 on the heating sheet 400.
- a signal acquisition unit 110, a flow rate calculation unit 120, an inclination calculation unit 130, a heating control unit 140, and a GUI unit 150 are provided as functional components.
- the heating sheet 400 is heated by being supplied with power from the personal computer 100, and the temperature and the like are also controlled by the heating control unit 140.
- a combination of the heating sheet 400 and the heating control unit 140 corresponds to an example of the stimulus applying apparatus obtained in the present invention. Moreover, the other part except the heating sheet 400 and the heating control part 140 among the blood flow measurement systems 10 is equivalent to one Embodiment of the blood flow measurement apparatus of this invention.
- the light irradiated and returned from the probe 300 affixed to the subject's lower limb 20 or the like is received by the light-emitting receiver 200 and converted into a received light signal as described above. Since the probe 300 is affixed to the living tissue, the influence of movements other than blood flow such as body movement can be suppressed.
- the light irradiated from the probe 300 and scattered in the living tissue contains a lot of scattered components due to the blood flow itself, and the blood flow is calculated non-invasively and directly by calculating the blood flow from the scattered components. Will be measured.
- the blood flow measured here is the blood flow in the capillary of the subject's skin, and the blood flow in the muscles or thick blood vessels existing under the skin is not directly measured.
- the light reception signal obtained by the light emitting / receiving device 200 is acquired over time by the signal acquisition unit 110 of the personal computer 100 and sent to the flow rate calculation unit 120.
- the flow rate calculation unit 120 performs FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) on the received light signal to calculate the frequency component, and calculates (measures) the blood flow volume from the signal intensity in the frequency range corresponding to the blood flow velocity range. .
- the calculation of the blood flow is continuously performed in parallel with the acquisition of the received light signal over time by the signal acquisition unit 110, and the blood flow at each time is calculated over time.
- a portion from the probe 300 to the flow rate calculation unit 120 corresponds to an example of a measurement unit according to the present invention.
- the inclination calculation unit 130 calculates the inclination of the blood flow over time from the blood flow calculated by the flow rate calculation unit 120.
- the inclination calculation unit 130 corresponds to an example of the inclination calculation unit according to the present invention.
- the time interval (calculation interval) in which the inclination is calculated by the inclination calculation unit 130 may be a manual setting by the user or may be an automatic setting, but is a time interval after a transient rise described later. Is desirable.
- the calculation results by the flow rate calculation unit 120 and the inclination calculation unit 130 are displayed on the display of the personal computer 100 by the GUI unit 150.
- GUI unit 150 corresponds to an example of a display unit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of screen display by the GUI unit.
- the display screen 400 displayed on the display by the GUI unit 150 is provided with function buttons and a display field, and various functions can be instructed to the personal computer 100 by selecting the function buttons with a pointing device or the like.
- the display column various calculation results are displayed.
- a screen for each setting opens, and through the setting screen, measurement conditions such as sampling frequency and measurement time, display conditions for measurement results, and inclination
- measurement conditions such as sampling frequency and measurement time, display conditions for measurement results, and inclination
- a calculation condition such as a calculation section, a temperature condition for heating, and the like are set.
- the measurement conditions are set in the signal acquisition unit 110 in FIG. 2, the display conditions are set in the GUI unit 150 itself, the calculation conditions are set in the flow rate calculation unit 120 and the inclination calculation unit 130 in FIG. 2, and the temperature conditions are in FIG. It is set in the heating control unit 140.
- each function button 430 of the measurement unit When the user selects each function button 430 of the measurement unit, the start or end of the measurement is instructed, and the latest value of the measured blood flow is displayed in the measurement value display field 450.
- the graph display column 440 a graph representing the passage of time of the blood flow measured over time by the flow rate calculation unit 120 is displayed.
- the user selects each function button 420 of the graph operation unit saving, reading, or printing of the graph is instructed.
- the value of the inclination calculated by the inclination calculating unit 130 from the measured value of the blood flow is displayed as (Ischemic Severity of Extremity) of the (lower) limb.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of blood flow measurement in a healthy person
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of blood flow measurement in a patient with lower limb ischemia. 4 and 5, the horizontal axis represents elapsed time (seconds), and the vertical axis represents blood flow.
- the blood flow rate increases for a while after the heating is stopped, and then the blood flow rate gradually decreases.
- FIG. 4 In some cases, there is little decrease in blood flow, and almost no decrease is observed.
- the decrease in blood flow after warming (ie, the decrease after a transient rise) is thought to be caused by a mechanism in which the blood flow that has been increased by warming is redistributed from the warmed location to the surroundings. .
- the blood circulation state deteriorates and becomes ischemic, redistribution is inhibited, and a decrease in blood flow rate tends to be delayed as shown in FIG.
- the present inventors have come up with the possibility that the inclination of the blood flow is appropriate as an index value of the blood circulation state, and verified the accuracy (reliability) as the index value in a clinical test. 4 and 5, the slope value in the time-decreasing change is mathematically expressed as a negative value, but in this embodiment, the slope in the direction in which the blood flow decreases is positive. It shall be expressed by value.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation between the slope of blood flow and TcPO2.
- the horizontal axis of the figure shows the value of TcPO2 (mmHg), and the vertical axis shows the gradient of blood flow (Flow / min).
- the results of measuring the slopes of TcPO2 and blood flow for a large number of subjects are plotted.
- the distribution of plot points on the graph is mainly concentrated in the first group G1 and the second group G2, and the first group G1 has a blood flow slope of 0.20 or more and a TcPO2 value of 30 mmHg.
- the gradient of blood flow is less than 0.20 and the value of TcPO2 is less than 30 mmHg.
- the value of TcPO2 being less than 30 mmHg has been conventionally used in the medical community as a diagnostic criterion that the blood flow state of the lower limb is prevalent or severe limb ischemia, and according to this criterion, The second group G2 is ill or severe limb ischemia, and the first group G1 is relatively well circulated.
- the fact that the plot points are mainly concentrated in the first group G1 and the second group G2 is that the threshold value “the gradient of blood flow is 0.20” is substantially equivalent to the diagnostic reference value “the value of TcPO2 is 30 mmHg”. It can be said that the slope of the blood flow has a reliability comparable to the value of TcPO2 as an index indicating the blood circulation state.
- the slope of the blood flow was an index value as reliable as TcPO2.
- the present inventors have also verified the correlation between the SPP and the inclination of the blood flow, and even in this verification, the inclination of the blood flow is as reliable as the SPP. It was confirmed that the index value is.
- the measurement of blood flow is the measurement of blood flow in the capillaries of the skin
- the blood circulation state evaluated by TcPO2 or SPP is a tissue mass including muscles existing under the skin. Is a blood circulation state. That is, it can be said that the state quantity representing the blood circulation state of the tissue mass is latent in the value of the blood flow volume of the skin, and that the state quantity has been revealed by using the gradient of the blood flow volume.
- the slope of the blood flow rate in the skin is considered to represent the degree of blood flow redistribution described above.
- This redistribution of blood flow is considered to occur as a result of blood vessels expanding and contracting in response to stimulation in the vascular network existing in the tissue mass including the region under the skin.
- vasodilation / contraction it is known that if an ischemic state or the like occurs, the response to the stimulus is poor, and in this clinical trial, blood in the second population G2 having a poor blood circulation state is known.
- the result that the gradient of the change in the flow rate with time was significantly smaller than that of the first group G1 in which the blood circulation state is relatively good was obtained because the lack of such reaction in the tissue mass was “the gradient of blood flow”. It is thought that this is the result that was manifested by this index.
- the slope of the temporal change in the blood flow rate is likely to clearly indicate the blood circulation state of the tissue mass, regardless of the type of stimulus that causes the temporal change in the blood flow rate. That is, the slope when the blood flow increases after heating from the normal state, the slope when the blood flow decreases after cooling from the normal state, and the slope when the blood flow decreased by cooling rises to the normal amount It is presumed that there is a high possibility that the blood circulation state is clearly shown. Further, it is presumed that there is a possibility that the inclination clearly indicates the blood circulation state with respect to the temporal change of the blood flow accompanying a stimulus other than the temperature change (for example, friction, vibration application, chemical stimulus, etc.).
- a stimulus other than the temperature change for example, friction, vibration application, chemical stimulus, etc.
- the slope of blood flow after stimulation is stopped after a warming stimulus is given, and after a transient rise, particularly represents the redistribution of blood flow increased by warming. And is particularly preferable as an indicator of the blood circulation state.
- the fact that the slope of the blood flow is as reliable as TcPO2 or SPP as an index value is a fact newly discovered by the above test by the present inventors. It has also been newly discovered that when the gradient of blood flow is used as an index value, a useful effect that cannot be obtained with TcPO2 or SPP can be obtained. This useful action is an action of separating a population whose blood circulation state such as an ischemic state has deteriorated from a population that is not.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the separation effect obtained when the slope of blood flow is used as an index value.
- the horizontal axis of the figure shows the inclination of the blood flow, and the vertical axis shows the number of subjects.
- the slope is used as an index value, it can be confirmed from the graph that the subject's distribution has a valley near the slope of 0.20 and the distribution is separated into two peaks P1 and P2.
- the separation of the distribution of the subject in this way is considered to mean that the stage of the blood circulation state has changed with the valley of the distribution as a boundary.
- the subject belonging to the peak P1 whose slope is smaller than 0.20 of the two peaks P1 and P2 (that is, the subject belonging to the second group G2 shown in FIG. 5).
- TcPO2 and SPP increased significantly after surgery compared to before surgery.
- the slope of blood flow exceeded 0.20.
- the inclination of the blood flow volume has a clear difference depending on whether the blood circulation state is pathological or not, and it was confirmed that it is useful as a diagnostic criterion.
- the measurement unit, the inclination calculation unit, and the display unit according to the present invention implemented on a personal computer by software are shown. However, the measurement unit, the inclination calculation unit, and the display unit according to the present invention are illustrated. May be realized by hardware.
- an example of a device for heating a biological tissue is shown as the stimulus applying device according to the present invention.
- the stimulus applying device according to the present invention may cool the biological tissue. Those that rub biological tissue, those that impart vibration, or those that provide chemical stimulation may be used.
- the blood flow measurement device of the present invention is incorporated in the blood flow measurement system together with the stimulus applying device. May be a separated device, or may be a device without a stimulus applying device (for example, a device used for blood flow measurement of a living tissue heated by a hand).
- a device that transmits and receives light through a probe attached to the body of a subject is shown.
- the light may be emitted from a position away from the examiner, and the light returned from the subject may be received at a position away from the examiner.
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Abstract
Description
例えば皮膚灌流圧(SPP)による血行状態の評価は、下肢に加圧用のカフを巻き、加圧で駆血された状態から圧力を減らしながら血流量を測定して、再び灌流し始めた時のカフ圧(SPP)を得、このSPPを指標値として血行状態を評価するというものである。
これら従来の方法で得られる指標値は、血行状態を正しく評価するものとして医学界で認められているものである。特に、単なる皮膚表面の血行ではなく、上肢や下肢などというような、筋肉組織や太い血管なども含んだある程度の範囲の組織塊における血行状態を評価するものとして有用である。
また、従来の指標値では、血行障害などの症状段階が異なる患者群の区別は必ずしも明瞭ではないため、血行状態が悪い患者群と比較的状態のよい他の患者群とを明確に区分できる新たな指標値が望まれている。
本発明は、血行状態を明瞭に示した新たな指標値を得ることを目的とする。
生体組織の血流量を、時間経過を経ながら複数回測定する測定過程と、
上記測定過程で測定された血流量の時間変化の傾きを算出する傾き算出過程と、
上記傾きの値を、予め決められた基準値と比較することで上記生体組織における血流状態を評価する評価過程と、
を経ることを特徴とする。
また、この臨床的試験では、血流量の測定が生体組織の表層(例えば表皮)における血流量を測定するものであっても、傾きの値が、その表層の下の部位(例えば筋肉など)を含んだ組織塊における血行状態を明瞭に示すことも確認された。
更に、この臨床的試験では、傾きを指標値として用いると、虚血状態などのように血行状態がかなり悪化している被検者群とそこまで至っていない被検者群とで指標値の分布に明瞭な差異が生じることも新たに見いだされた。
本発明の血行状態評価方法は、このような発見的事実に基づいた発明であり、本発明の血行状態評価方法によれば、血行状態を明瞭に示した新たな指標値を得ることができ、そのような指標値に基づいて的確な評価を行うことができる。
生体組織の血流量を時間経過を経ながら複数回測定する測定部と、
上記測定部で測定された血流量の時間変化の傾きを算出する傾き算出部と、
上記傾き算出部によって算出された傾きの値を表示する表示部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。
本発明の血流計測装置によれば、血流量の時間変化の傾きを得ることができ、血行状態を明瞭に示す指標値として評価に用いることができる。
特に、従来のSPPやTcPO2と同レベルでの信頼性を有した指標値を見つけようとすればその手間は尚更である。
しかも、血流量の測定対象が生体組織の表層(例えば皮膚)であるにも関わらず、血行状態としては、上肢や下肢、前腕や足、臀部などといった、ある程度の大きさを有する組織塊(表層の下の部位も含んだ組織塊)における血行状態を正しく評価できる指標値を見つけることが必要となれば、測定値自体の分析とは全く意味が異なる。
本発明者らは、今回行った臨床的試験によって、血流量の時間変化の傾きが、血行状態(特に上述した組織塊での血行状態)を明瞭に示す指標値であるという事実を新たに見いだした。このような傾きは、本発明者らによって信頼性が確認されるまでは、血行状態の指標として常識的でも慣用的でもなく、本発明の血行状態評価方法および血流計測装置は、従来の医療技術における常識や慣用とは一線を画した発明といえる。
また、本発明の血流計測装置は、上記測定部が、上記生体組織に貼り付けられたプローブで生体組織に対して光の送受を行うものであることが更に好ましい。この更に好ましい血流計測装置によれば、例えば患者の体動のような生体組織の全体的な動きが血流量の測定に与える影響を抑制し、精度よく血流量を測定することができる。
生体組織に対し、血流量を変化させる刺激を付与する刺激付与装置と、
上記刺激付与装置による上記刺激の付与中あるいは付与後に上記生体組織の血流量を計測する血流計測装置とを備え、
上記血流計測装置が、
生体組織の血流量を時間経過を経ながら複数回測定する測定部と、
上記測定部で測定された血流量の時間変化の傾きを算出する傾き算出部と、
上記傾き算出部によって算出された傾きの値を表示する表示部と、
を備えたものであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の血流計測システムは、
上記刺激付与装置が、上記生体組織を加温するものであり、
上記血流計測装置が、加温後の血流量を計測するものであることが好ましい。
この好ましい血流計測システムによれば、加温、冷却、摩擦、振動付与、化学的刺激など、様々想定し得る刺激のうち、比較的穏やかで生体組織への負担が小さい加温を用いることにより、安全性を保ちながら適切な指標値を得ることができる。
図1は、本発明の血流計測システムの一実施形態を示す外観図である。
本実施形態の血流計測システム10は、パーソナルコンピュータ100にレーザ光の発光と受光を行う発光受光器200と加温シート400が接続された構成となっている。
加温シート400は生体組織(例えば被検者の手足など)に貼り付けられてその生体組織を加温するものである。
発光受光器200から発せられたレーザ光は光ファイバー310を介してプローブ300へと導かれる。
プローブ300から光ファイバー310を介して送られてきた光は発光受光器200で受光され、受光強度を表した電気的な受光信号に変換される。この受光信号は発光受光器200からパーソナルコンピュータ100へと送られる。
次に、この血流計測システム10の機能について説明する。
上述したように、血流計測システム10の加温シート400は例えば被検者の下肢20に貼り付けられ、その貼り付けられた箇所を加温する。一方、プローブ300は、加温シート400によって加温された箇所に、加温シート400と交換で貼り付けられる。但し、加温シート400は透明なシートであるため、加温シート400上に更にプローブ300を貼り付けて加温中の測定を行うことも可能である。
パーソナルコンピュータ100内には、機能的な構成要素として信号取得部110と、流量算出部120と、傾き算出部130と、加温制御部140と、GUI部150が備えられている。加温シート400はパーソナルコンピュータ100から給電されて加温を行い、加温制御部140によって温度なども制御される。
被検者の下肢20などに貼り付けられたプローブ300から照射されて戻ってきた光は、上述したように発光受光器200で受光されて受光信号に変換される。プローブ300が生体組織に貼り付けられているので、例えば体動などのような、血流以外の動きによる影響が抑えられる。また、プローブ300から照射されて生体組織内で散乱された光は、血流そのものによる散乱成分を多く含んでおり、この散乱成分から血流量を算出することにより、血流量が非侵襲かつ直接的に測定されることとなる。なお、ここで測定される血流量は、被検者の皮膚の毛細血管における血流量であり、皮膚の下に存在する筋肉や太い血管などにおける血流量は直接には測定されない。
プローブ300から流量算出部120に至る部分が、本発明にいう測定部の一例に相当する。
流量算出部120および傾き算出部130による算出結果は、GUI部150によってパーソナルコンピュータ100のディスプレイ上に表示される。また、このGUI部150におけるユーザの操作によって、信号取得部110、流量算出部120、傾き算出部130、および加温制御部140に対して各種の設定が指示される。このGUI部150が、本発明にいう表示部の一例に相当する。
GUI部150によってディスプレイ上に表示される表示画面400には機能ボタンと表示欄が設けられており、機能ボタンをポインティングデバイスなどによって選択することで各種の機能をパーソナルコンピュータ100に指示することができ、表示欄には各種の算出結果が表示される。
グラフ表示欄440には流量算出部120によって経時的に測定された血流量の時間経過を表したグラフが表示される。
グラフ操作部の各機能ボタン420をユーザが選択することで、グラフの保存や読出しや印刷が指示される。
傾き表示欄460には、血流量の測定値から傾き算出部130によって算出された傾きの値が(下)肢の虚血重症度(Ischemic Severity of Extremity)として表示される。
図4および図5の横軸は経過時間(秒)を表し、縦軸は血流量を表している。
健常者の場合、図4に示すように、加温を止めてからしばらくは血流量が上昇し、その後、徐々に血流量が減少するが、下肢虚血の患者の場合は、図5に示すように血流量の減少が少なく、殆ど減少が見られない例もある。健常者の場合と下肢虚血の患者の場合のいずれでも、図中に矢印で示したように、加温を止めてからの一時的な血流量の上昇(一過性上昇)が見られ、その一過性上昇の後の血流量変化に、健常者と下肢虚血の患者とで顕著な差異が生じる。
本発明者らは、血流量の傾きが血行状態の指標値として適切である可能性に思い至り、臨床的な試験で指標値としての精度(信頼性)を検証した。なお、図4,図5に示すような時間的に減少する変化における傾きの値は数学的にはマイナスの値で表現されるが、本実施形態では血流量が減少する方向の傾きをプラスの値で表すものとする。
図の横軸はTcPO2の値(mmHg)を示し、縦軸は血流量の傾き(Flow/min)を示している。
グラフ上には、多数の被検者についてTcPO2と血流量の傾きを測定した結果がプロットされている。
グラフ上でのプロット点の分布は、主に第1集団G1と第2集団G2に集中しており、第1集団G1は、血流量の傾きが0.20以上であるとともにTcPO2の値が30mmHg以上となっており、第2集団G2は、血流量の傾きが0.20未満であるとともにTcPO2の値が30mmHg未満となっている。
プロット点が主に第1集団G1と第2集団G2に集中していることは、「血流量の傾きが0.20」という閾値が「TcPO2の値が30mmHg」という診断基準値にほぼ相当していることを示唆しており、血流量の傾きは血行状態を示す指標としてTcPO2の値と同程度の信頼性を有すると言える。
ところで、上述したように血流量の測定は皮膚の毛細血管における血流量の測定であるのに対し、TcPO2やSPPによって評価される血行状態は、皮膚の下に存在する筋肉なども含んだ組織塊における血行状態である。つまり、皮膚の血流量の値には、組織塊の血行状態を表す状態量が潜在しており、血流量の傾きが用いられることによってその状態量が顕在化したと言える。
このような血管の拡張・収縮については、虚血状態などを生じていると刺激に対する反応が乏しくなることが知られており、今回の臨床的試験で、血行状態の悪い第2集団G2における血流量の時間変化の傾きが、比較的血行状態がよい第1集団G1に較べて有意に小さいという結果が得られたのは、組織塊におけるこのような反応の乏しさが「血流量の傾き」という指標によって顕在化した結果であると考えられる。
また、温度変化以外の刺激(例えば摩擦、振動付与、化学的刺激など)に伴う血流の時間変化についても、傾きが血行状態を明瞭に示している可能性が充分にあると推察される。
但し、加温の刺激が与えられた後、刺激(加温)が止められ、更に一過性上昇を経た後の血流量の傾きは、加温によって増えた血流の再配分を特によく表していると考えられ、血行状態の指標として特に好ましい。
血流量の傾きが指標値としてTcPO2やSPPと同程度に信頼性が高いことは、本発明者らによる上記試験によって新たに発見された事実であるが、更に、本発明者らの試験では、血流量の傾きを指標値として用いた場合には、TcPO2やSPPでは得られない有用な作用が得られることも新たに発見された。この有用な作用とは、虚血状態など血行状態が悪化している集団と、そうでない集団とを分離する作用である。
図の横軸は血流量の傾きを示し、縦軸は被検者の人数を示している。
傾きを指標値として用いた場合には、被検者の分布には傾き0.20付近に谷間が生じ、分布が2つのピークP1,P2に分離することがグラフから確認できる。このように被検者の分布が分離するということは、分布の谷間を境界として血行状態の段階が変わっていることを意味すると考えられる。この事を検証するために、2つのピークP1,P2のうち傾きが0.20よりも小さい方のピークP1に属している被検者(即ち図5に示す第2集団G2に属している被検者)の一部に対し、血行状態を改善させる血行再建術(具体的な内容は被検者によって異なる)を施したところ、術前に対し術後はTcPO2およびSPPが有意に上昇するとともに、全例で血流量の傾きが0.20を超えた。
このように、血流量の傾きは、血行状態が病的であるか否かによって明瞭な差異を生じ、診断基準として有用であることが確認された。
以上説明したように、血流量の傾きは、血行状態を明瞭に示す新たな指標値であることが確認でき、そのような指標値を用いた本発明の血行状態評価方法によれば正確な評価が実現できる。また、本発明の血流計測装置や血流計測システムによればそのような新たな指標値を得ることができる。
また、上記説明では、本発明にいう刺激付与装置として生体組織を加温する装置の例が示されているが、本発明にいう刺激付与装置は、生体組織を冷却するものであってもよく、生体組織を摩擦するものや振動を付与するものや化学的刺激を与えるものであってもよい。
100 パーソナルコンピュータ
200 発光受光器
300 プローブ
400 加温シート
110 信号取得部
120 流量算出部
130 傾き算出部
140 加温制御部
150 GUI部
Claims (9)
- 生体組織の血流量を、時間経過を経ながら複数回測定する測定過程と、
前記測定過程で測定された血流量の時間変化の傾きを算出する傾き算出過程と、
前記傾きの値を、予め決められた基準値と比較することで前記生体組織における血行状態を評価する評価過程と、
を経ることを特徴とする血行状態評価方法。 - 生体組織の血流量を時間経過を経ながら複数回測定する測定部と、
前記測定器によって測定された血流量と測定時間とを用いて、該血流量の時間変化の傾きを算出する傾き算出部と、
前記傾き算出部によって算出された傾きの値を表示する表示部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする血流計測装置。 - 前記測定部が、前記生体組織に光を照射し戻ってきた光を受光して、受光信号に基づいて血流量を測定するものであることを特徴とする請求項2記載の血流計測装置。
- 前記測定部が、前記生体組織に貼り付けられたプローブで生体組織に対して光の送受を行うものであることを特徴とする請求項3記載の血流計測装置。
- 前記測定部が、前記生体組織の表層における血流量を測定するものであり
前記表示部が、前記生体組織における表層の下の部位も含んだ組織塊における結構状態を示す指標として前記傾きの値を表示するものであることを特徴とする請求項2から4のいずれか1項に記載の血流計測装置。 - 前記傾き算出部が、前記生体組織の加温後に生じた血流の一時的な上昇を経た後の血流量について前記傾きを算出するものであることを特徴とする請求項2から5のいずれか1項に記載の血流計測装置。
- 生体組織に対し、血流量を変化させる刺激を付与する刺激付与装置と、
前記刺激付与装置による前記刺激の付与中あるいは付与後に前記生体組織の血流量を計測する血流計測装置とを備え、
前記血流計測装置が、
前記生体組織の血流量を時間経過を経ながら複数回測定する測定部と、
前記測定器によって測定された血流量と測定時間とを用いて、該血流量の時間変化の傾きを算出する傾き算出部と、
前記傾き算出部によって算出された傾きの値を表示する表示部と、
を備えたものであることを特徴とする血流計測システム。 - 前記刺激付与装置が、前記生体組織を加温するものであり、
前記血流計測装置が、加温後の血流量を計測するものであることを特徴とする請求項7記載の血流計測システム。 - 前記傾き算出部が、前記生体組織の加温後に生じた血流の一時的な上昇を経た後の血流量について前記傾きを算出するものであることを特徴とする請求項8記載の血流計測システム。
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WO2010131550A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | 血流画像診断装置 |
JP2013013547A (ja) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 光計測装置 |
JP2014518730A (ja) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-08-07 | ポリテクニカ ウッチカ | 血管内皮機能を評価するための方法およびシステム |
JP2015047246A (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-16 | 長谷川香料株式会社 | 辛み物質または苦味物質による摂食意欲の変化の評価方法 |
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KR100977461B1 (ko) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-08-23 | 한국전기연구원 | 한냉 반사 검사 장치 |
GB2478291A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-07 | Univ Lancaster | Endothelium assessment probe |
JP2012005595A (ja) * | 2010-06-23 | 2012-01-12 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 血流促進装置 |
GB201107046D0 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-06-08 | Univ Brighton | Neuropathy test device |
WO2013125089A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Ryotokuji Kenji | 熱刺激伝達評価方法及び熱刺激伝達による薬剤効用評価方法 |
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Patent Citations (6)
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JP2004529703A (ja) * | 2001-04-19 | 2004-09-30 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド | ポリグラフ検査のための熱画像解析 |
JP2008113876A (ja) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-22 | Kao Corp | 美容施術の効果確認方法 |
WO2010131550A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | 血流画像診断装置 |
JP2014518730A (ja) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-08-07 | ポリテクニカ ウッチカ | 血管内皮機能を評価するための方法およびシステム |
JP2013013547A (ja) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 光計測装置 |
JP2015047246A (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-16 | 長谷川香料株式会社 | 辛み物質または苦味物質による摂食意欲の変化の評価方法 |
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JP6118003B1 (ja) | 2017-04-19 |
JPWO2017038729A1 (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
US20180242861A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
EP3345543B1 (en) | 2023-03-15 |
EP3345543A4 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
EP3345543A1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
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