WO2017037760A1 - 車両走行制御方法及び車両走行制御装置 - Google Patents
車両走行制御方法及び車両走行制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017037760A1 WO2017037760A1 PCT/JP2015/004444 JP2015004444W WO2017037760A1 WO 2017037760 A1 WO2017037760 A1 WO 2017037760A1 JP 2015004444 W JP2015004444 W JP 2015004444W WO 2017037760 A1 WO2017037760 A1 WO 2017037760A1
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- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- reduction effect
- energy regeneration
- speed
- deceleration energy
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle travel control method and a vehicle travel control device.
- Patent Document 1 when an automatic stop condition in a predetermined deceleration state in which a required torque is small with respect to running resistance is satisfied during operation of the engine, control is performed to automatically stop the engine, and a clutch is set after the engine is automatically stopped.
- An automatic start / stop device having control means for controlling the starting clutch to be in a disconnected state when the disconnection condition is satisfied is described.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce deterioration in fuel consumption due to the fact that deceleration energy regeneration cannot be performed due to inertial running.
- the driver's intention to accelerate while the vehicle is traveling is determined, and when it is determined that there is no acceleration intention, the power transmission between the engine of the vehicle and the drive wheels is cut off.
- the fuel efficiency reduction effect of inertial traveling for running the vehicle and the fuel efficiency reduction effect by deceleration energy regeneration that inputs the rotational power of the driving wheels of the vehicle to the electric motor is high.
- Inertia travel is performed when the fuel efficiency reduction effect of inertial driving is predicted to be higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect of deceleration energy regeneration, and the fuel efficiency reduction effect of inertial driving is predicted not to be higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect of deceleration energy regeneration. If this is the case, deceleration energy regeneration is executed.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle travel control device according to a first embodiment. It is a functional lineblock diagram of the vehicle run control device concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a flowchart explaining an example of a process of the vehicle travel control apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart explaining an example of a process of the vehicle travel control apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of the vehicle by which the vehicle travel control apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment is mounted. It is a functional block diagram of the vehicle travel control apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the map used for determination of a relative speed threshold value.
- a torque converter 3 is provided on the output side of the engine 2 that is an internal combustion engine of the vehicle 1.
- a belt type continuously variable transmission 4 is connected to the output side of the torque converter 3.
- the rotational driving force output from the engine 2 is input to the continuously variable transmission 4 via the torque converter 3, and after being shifted by a desired gear ratio, is transmitted to the drive wheels 6 a and 6 b via the differential gear 5.
- the engine 2 includes a motor 7 that starts the engine and an alternator 8 that generates power.
- the motor 7 may be a starter motor for starting the engine, for example.
- the engine 2 may be started using an SSG (Separated starter generator) motor provided separately from the starter motor as the motor 7.
- the motor 7 drives the motor 7 using the power supplied from the battery 9 based on the engine start command, and performs engine cranking. Further, when the fuel is injected into the engine and then the engine 2 can rotate independently, the motor 7 is stopped.
- the alternator 8 generates power by being rotationally driven by the engine 2 and supplies the generated power to the battery 9 and the like.
- the alternator 8 may be an SSG motor.
- the alternator 8 When an SSG motor is used as the alternator 8, the alternator 8 generates a driving force by the electric power supplied from the battery 9 and assists the driving force of the engine 2, and a power generation function that generates electric power by the driving force of the engine 2.
- the alternator 8 corresponds to an electric motor.
- the torque converter 3 performs torque amplification at a low vehicle speed.
- the torque converter 3 has a lock-up clutch 10.
- the torque converter 3 connects the lockup clutch 10 and restricts the relative rotation between the output shaft of the engine 2 and the input shaft of the continuously variable transmission 4.
- the predetermined speed V1 may be about 14 km / h, for example.
- the continuously variable transmission 4 includes a forward / reverse switching mechanism 11, a primary pulley 12 and a secondary pulley 13, and a belt 14 that is stretched over the primary pulley 12 and the secondary pulley 13.
- a desired gear ratio is achieved by changing the groove widths of the primary pulley 12 and the secondary pulley 13 by hydraulic control.
- the forward / reverse switching mechanism 11 includes a forward clutch 16 and a reverse brake 17.
- the forward clutch 16 and the reverse brake 17 are friction engagement elements for transmitting the rotation transmitted from the secondary pulley 13 in the forward direction (forward direction) and the reverse direction (reverse direction), respectively.
- the forward clutch 16 and the reverse brake 17 correspond to a clutch that transmits power between the engine 2 and the alternator 8 and the drive wheels 6a and 6b.
- An oil pump 15 driven by the engine 2 is provided in the continuously variable transmission 4. When the engine is operating, the converter pressure of the torque converter 3 and the clutch pressure of the lockup clutch 10 are supplied using the oil pump 15 as a hydraulic pressure source.
- the continuously variable transmission 4 is provided with an electric oil pump 18 in addition to the oil pump 15, and when the oil pump 15 cannot supply hydraulic pressure due to the engine being stopped, the electric oil pump 18 operates. Necessary hydraulic pressure can be supplied to each actuator. Therefore, even when the engine is stopped, the hydraulic oil leakage can be compensated and the clutch engagement pressure can be maintained.
- the operating state of the engine 2 is controlled by the engine control unit 20.
- the engine control unit 20 receives an accelerator pedal operation amount signal from an accelerator pedal opening sensor 24 that detects an operation amount of the accelerator pedal 23 by the driver.
- the accelerator pedal 23 is an example of an operator that is operated by the driver to instruct the driving force of the vehicle 1.
- the accelerator pedal opening sensor 24 corresponds to an accelerator depression amount detection device that detects an accelerator depression amount that is the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 23 by the driver.
- the engine control unit 20 receives wheel speed signals indicating wheel speeds detected by wheel speed sensors 29a and 29b provided on the drive wheels 6a and 6b, respectively.
- the wheel speed sensors 29a and 29b may be collectively referred to as “wheel speed sensor 29”.
- the wheel speed sensor 29 may be provided on a wheel other than the driving wheel.
- the wheels other than the drive wheels 6a and 6b and the drive wheels may be collectively referred to as “wheel 6”.
- the engine control unit 20 receives a rotation speed signal indicating the engine rotation speed Re from the rotation speed sensor 2 a that detects the engine rotation speed Re of the engine 2. Further, the engine control unit 20 receives signals such as the cooling water temperature of the engine 2, the intake air temperature of the air supplied to the engine 2, the air flow rate, the absolute pressure in the intake pipe, and the crank angle. Further, a transmission state signal from a transmission control unit 30 described later is input to the engine control unit 20.
- the engine control unit 20 starts the engine 2 and controls the driving force of the engine 2 based on the various signals.
- the engine control unit 20 calculates engine torque based on the various signals, and determines an engine torque command value based on the calculation result.
- the engine control unit 20 controls the output torque of the engine 2 by controlling parameters such as the intake air amount, the fuel injection amount, and the ignition timing based on the command value.
- the engine control unit 20 also outputs a power generation command value signal that indicates the target power generation voltage of the alternator 8.
- the engine control unit 20 increases the target power generation voltage instructed to the alternator 8, thereby executing deceleration energy regeneration and charging the battery 9.
- the engine control unit 20 suppresses power generation by the alternator 8 by lowering the target power generation voltage. Thereby, the load of the engine 2 is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
- the engine control unit 20 receives a brake signal from a brake switch 22 that outputs an ON signal when the driver operates the brake pedal 21.
- the brake pedal 21 is an example of a second operator that is operated by the driver to instruct the braking force of the vehicle 1.
- a master cylinder 25 and a master back 27 are provided at the tip of the brake pedal 21.
- the master back 27 amplifies the brake operation force using the intake negative pressure of the engine 2.
- the engine control unit 20 receives a brake pedal operation amount signal from a master cylinder pressure sensor 26 that detects the master cylinder pressure of the master cylinder 25 that is generated based on the operation amount of the brake pedal 21.
- a brake pedal operation amount is detected by using a sensor for detecting a brake pedal stroke amount and a brake pedal depression force, a sensor for detecting a wheel cylinder pressure, and the like, and is input to the engine control unit 20. May be.
- the transmission control unit 30 receives an engine state signal indicating the engine operating state from the engine control unit 20, and transmits a transmission state signal indicating the state of the continuously variable transmission 4 to the engine control unit 20.
- the transmission control unit 30 controls the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission 4 according to these signals and the position of the shift lever. For example, when the D range is selected, the transmission control unit 30 connects the forward clutch 16 and determines the gear ratio from the gear ratio map based on the accelerator pedal opening and the vehicle speed, Control the pressure.
- D range travel forward travel in which the vehicle 1 travels in a state where the forward clutch 16 is connected by selecting the D range and fuel is supplied to the engine 2 may be referred to as “D range travel”. is there.
- the engine control unit 20 and the transmission control unit 30 correspond to a control device that controls the forward clutch 16, the reverse brake 17, and the alternator 8.
- the engine control unit 20 and the transmission control unit 30 may be, for example, a computer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and CPU peripheral components such as a storage device. Each function of these computers described in this specification is implemented by each CPU executing a computer program stored in a storage device.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the automatic stop process is a process in which the engine control unit 20 automatically stops and restarts the engine 2 when a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- the engine control unit 20 includes a wheel speed signal from the wheel speed sensor 29, an accelerator pedal operation amount signal from the accelerator pedal opening sensor 24, a brake pedal operation amount signal from the master cylinder pressure sensor 26, and a charge state signal of the battery 9.
- the automatic stop process is performed based on the above.
- the engine control unit 20, the transmission control unit 30, the wheel speed sensor 29, the accelerator pedal opening sensor 24, and the master cylinder pressure sensor 26 constitute a vehicle travel control device 40 that performs an automatic stop process of the engine 2.
- FIG. 2 shows a functional configuration of the vehicle travel control device 40.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 includes an idle stop control unit 41, an inertia travel control unit 42, a fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43, an engine control unit 44, and a power generation amount control unit 45.
- the idle stop control unit 41 performs so-called idle stop (also referred to as idle reduction) control that stops engine idling when a predetermined condition is satisfied when the vehicle 1 is stopped. A detailed description of the idle stop control is omitted.
- the inertial traveling control unit 42 stops the fuel supply to the engine 2 and stops the engine 2 when the driver does not intend to accelerate while the vehicle is traveling.
- the vehicle 1 is caused to travel in a state where the vehicle is stopped and the forward clutch 16 is disconnected to disconnect the engine 2 and the drive wheels 6a and 6b.
- the traveling in the state where the traveling speed Vv is faster than the predetermined speed V1, the fuel supply to the engine 2 is stopped, and the engine 2 and the drive wheels 6a and 6b are separated is referred to as “inertial traveling”. write.
- the vehicle travels with the forward clutch 16 disconnected, so that the rotational driving force of the drive wheels 6a and 6b cannot be input to the alternator 8 and deceleration energy regeneration cannot be performed.
- the fuel efficiency reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines that there is no intention to accelerate, the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of coasting travel causes the fuel efficiency reduction effect by the deceleration energy regeneration that inputs the rotational power of the drive wheels 6a and 6b to the alternator 8. Predict whether it is higher than E2.
- the inertia traveling control unit 42 executes inertia traveling. For example, the inertial traveling control unit 42 executes inertial traveling when all of the following conditions (A1) to (A3) are satisfied, and performs inertial traveling when any of the conditions (A1) to (A3) is not satisfied. Ban. (A1) The driver does not intend to accelerate. For example, the inertia traveling control unit 42 receives an accelerator pedal operation amount signal from the accelerator pedal opening sensor 24.
- the predetermined time is a period during which the accelerator pedal 23 set to determine that the driver does not intend to accelerate is not operated, and may be, for example, 2 seconds.
- the driver does not perform a braking operation of the vehicle 1 such as depressing the brake pedal 21.
- the inertia traveling control unit 42 receives a brake pedal operation amount signal from the master cylinder pressure sensor 26, determines that the braking operation is not performed when the operation amount of the brake pedal 21 is zero, and When the operation amount is not zero, it may be determined that the driver has performed a braking operation. It may be determined whether or not a braking operation has been performed based on a brake signal from the brake switch 22.
- coasting is executed when the conditions (A1) to (A5) obtained by adding the following conditions (A4) and (A5) to the conditions (A1) to (A3) are all satisfied, and the conditions (A1) to (A5) If any of A5) is not established, coasting may be prohibited.
- the traveling speed Vv is equal to or less than the speed V2.
- the speed V2 may be about 80 km / h.
- the inertial traveling control unit 42 may receive the wheel speed signal from the wheel speed sensor 29 and determine the traveling speed Vv based on the wheel speed signal.
- a predetermined idle stop permission condition is satisfied.
- the idle stop permission condition may be, for example, that the engine is not warming up and the charging rate of the battery 9 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
- the inertia traveling control unit 42 executes deceleration energy regeneration.
- the inertial running control unit 42 executes deceleration energy regeneration when all of the conditions (A1), (A3) and the next condition (B1) are satisfied, and any of the conditions (A1), (A3) and (B1) If it does not hold, deceleration energy regeneration is not performed.
- A1 The driver does not intend to accelerate.
- A3) The driver does not perform a braking operation of the vehicle 1 such as depressing the brake pedal 21.
- B1 It is predicted that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration.
- inertial traveling control unit 42 When starting inertial traveling, inertial traveling control unit 42 outputs an inertial traveling start command to engine control unit 44.
- the engine control unit 44 stops the fuel injection by the fuel injection device and stops the fuel supply to the engine 2.
- the engine control unit 44 outputs an operation prohibition command for the electric oil pump 18 to the continuously variable transmission 4. Since the oil pump 15 is stopped by the stop of the engine 2 and the electric oil pump 18 is not operated, the forward clutch 16 of the forward / reverse switching mechanism 11 is released. Thereby, the engine 2 and the drive wheels 6a and 6b are separated. The lockup clutch 10 is also released. Thereby, the running state of the vehicle 1 shifts from the D range running to the inertia running.
- inertial traveling control unit 42 When starting deceleration energy regeneration, inertial traveling control unit 42 outputs a regeneration start command to engine control unit 44 and power generation amount control unit 45.
- the engine control unit 44 stops the fuel injection by the fuel injection device and stops the fuel supply to the engine 2. Alternatively, the engine control unit 44 reduces the fuel injection amount.
- the engine control unit 44 operates the electric oil pump 18 and maintains the engagement of the forward clutch 16 of the forward / reverse switching mechanism 11. As a result, the connection between the engine 2 and the drive wheels 6 a and 6 b is maintained, and the rotational driving force of the drive wheels 6 a and 6 b is input to the alternator 8.
- the power generation amount control unit 45 When the regeneration start command is received, the power generation amount control unit 45 outputs a power generation command value signal for increasing the target power generation voltage of the alternator 8 to the alternator 8.
- the rotational driving force of the drive wheels 6a and 6b is input to the alternator 8, and when the target power generation voltage instructed to the alternator 8 is increased, deceleration energy regeneration is executed and the battery 9 is charged.
- inertial traveling control unit 42 determines whether or not a predetermined end condition is satisfied. For example, the end condition is satisfied when, for example, one of the following two conditions (C1) and (C2) is satisfied. (C1) The driver intends to accelerate. (C2) The driver performs a braking operation on the vehicle 1. If the end condition is satisfied, the inertial traveling control unit 42 stops the inertial traveling. In the case where the condition (A5) is set as the starting condition for inertial running, the inertial running may be stopped even when the condition (A5) is not satisfied. When stopping inertial traveling, inertial traveling control unit 42 outputs an inertial traveling stop command to engine control unit 44.
- C1 The driver intends to accelerate.
- C2 The driver performs a braking operation on the vehicle 1. If the end condition is satisfied, the inertial traveling control unit 42 stops the inertial traveling. In the case where the condition (A5) is set as the starting condition for inertial running, the inertial running may be stopped even when the condition (A5) is
- the engine control unit 44 When receiving the coasting stop command, the engine control unit 44 resumes fuel injection, drives the motor 7 and performs engine cranking.
- the forward clutch 16 of the forward / reverse switching mechanism 11 is connected by operating the oil pump 15. As described above, the engine restart and the reconnection of the forward clutch 16 are completed, and the traveling state of the vehicle 1 shifts from inertia traveling to D range traveling.
- the inertial traveling control unit 42 determines whether or not the driver intends to accelerate. If the driver intends to accelerate, inertial running control unit 42 stops deceleration energy regeneration. When stopping deceleration energy regeneration, inertial traveling control unit 42 outputs a regeneration stop command to engine control unit 44 and power generation amount control unit 45. When receiving the regeneration stop command, the engine control unit 44 resumes fuel injection of the engine 2. In addition, the power generation amount control unit 45 outputs a power generation command value signal that lowers the target power generation voltage to the alternator 8, suppresses power generation by the alternator 8, and reduces the load on the engine 2. Thereby, deceleration energy regeneration is completed.
- step S10 the inertial traveling control unit 42 determines whether or not the driver has an intention to accelerate. If the driver intends to accelerate (step S10: Y), the process returns to step S10. In this case, coasting and deceleration energy regeneration are not started. If the driver does not intend to accelerate (step S10: N), the process proceeds to step S11.
- step S11 the inertial traveling control unit 42 determines whether or not the driver has performed a braking operation. If a braking operation has been performed (step S11: Y), the process returns to step S10. In this case, coasting and deceleration energy regeneration are not started. When the braking operation is not performed (step S11: N), the process proceeds to step S12.
- step S12 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration. If the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 (step S12: Y), the process proceeds to step S13. When the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 is not higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 (step S12: N), the process proceeds to step S14. In step S13, the inertial traveling control unit 42 performs inertial traveling. Thereafter, the process ends. In step S14, the inertial traveling control unit 42 executes deceleration energy regeneration. Thereafter, the process ends.
- the inertial traveling control unit 42 determines the driver's intention to accelerate while the vehicle 1 is traveling.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 cuts off the power transmission between the engine 2 of the vehicle 1 and the drive wheels 6a and 6b, and travels the vehicle 1 to reduce the fuel consumption reduction effect E1. Then, it is predicted which of the fuel consumption reduction effects E2 by the deceleration energy regeneration that inputs the rotational power of the drive wheels 6a and 6b of the vehicle 1 to the alternator 8 is higher.
- the inertia traveling control unit 42 executes the inertia traveling.
- the inertia traveling control unit 42 executes the deceleration energy regeneration. For this reason, the cruising time of inertial traveling is short, and it is possible to reduce the deterioration of fuel efficiency caused by the loss due to the inability to regenerate deceleration energy more than the fuel efficiency reduction effect by inertial traveling.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 can also be applied to a vehicle that employs an automatic transmission of a type other than the continuously variable transmission 4.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 can also be applied to a vehicle that employs a parallel shaft gear type automatic transmission.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 can be applied to both a vehicle including only an internal combustion engine as a drive source and a hybrid vehicle.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 may output a release signal for actively releasing the forward clutch 16 to the continuously variable transmission 4 instead of the operation prohibition command for the electric oil pump 18.
- the vehicle travel control apparatus 40 predicts whether or not the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration based on the travel speed Vv of the vehicle 1.
- the configuration of the vehicle travel control device 40 of the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the vehicle travel control device 40 of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 receives the wheel speed signal from the wheel speed sensor 29. When it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate, the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 detects the traveling speed Vv of the vehicle 1 based on the wheel speed signal. The fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 predicts that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed threshold Vt. The fuel efficiency reduction effect prediction unit 43 predicts that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the travel speed Vv is less than the speed threshold.
- the predetermined speed threshold value Vt may be 50 km / h, for example.
- step S20 and S21 are the same as the processes in steps S10 and S11 described with reference to FIG.
- step S21: N the process proceeds to step S22.
- step S22 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 detects the traveling speed Vv when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate.
- step S23 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than the speed threshold value. If the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than the speed threshold (step S23: Y), the process proceeds to step S24. If the traveling speed Vv is less than the speed threshold (step S23: Y), the process proceeds to step S25.
- the processes in steps S24 and S25 are the same as the processes in steps S13 and S14 described with reference to FIG.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 detects the traveling speed Vv of the vehicle 1 when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 predicts that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than the speed threshold value Vt.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 predicts that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the traveling speed Vv is less than the speed threshold Tt.
- inertial running stops when the vehicle 1 stops, inertial running stops. Therefore, when there is an object that can cause an acceleration operation or a brake operation or stop the inertial running by stopping the vehicle 1, the distance between the object and the vehicle 1, the relative speed, The cruising time of coasting varies depending on. For this reason, the vehicle travel control device 40 according to the third embodiment detects the distance and relative speed between the object and the vehicle 1 that can be a cause of stopping inertial travel when it is determined that there is no intention to accelerate. .
- the vehicle travel control device 40 predicts whether or not the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration according to the detected distance and relative speed.
- an object that can be a cause of stopping inertial running may be simply referred to as an “object”.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 determines the other threshold of the distance to the object and the relative speed according to either the distance to the object or the relative speed. Then, the vehicle travel control device 40 determines that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertial travel is reduced by reducing energy regeneration according to the comparison result between the threshold value determined in this way and the distance between the target and the relative speed. It is predicted whether it is higher than the effect E2.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 determines the threshold value of the relative speed with the target object according to the distance to the target object, and when the relative speed with the target object is less than the threshold value, the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertial driving is When the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration is higher and the relative speed with the object is equal to or higher than the threshold value, it is determined that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of coasting is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 determines a threshold value of the distance to the target object according to the relative speed with the target object, and when the distance from the target object exceeds the threshold value, the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of the inertia traveling is decelerated.
- the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 by energy regeneration is higher and the distance to the object is equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of coasting is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 by deceleration energy regeneration.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 has a fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertial travel that is higher than a fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration. May be determined that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertial traveling is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 by deceleration energy regeneration.
- the coasting stop factor may be, for example, a factor that causes a braking operation of the vehicle 1 by the driver.
- the coasting stop factor may be a factor that causes the driver to accelerate the vehicle 1, for example.
- An example of an object that can be a cause of stopping inertial traveling is a preceding vehicle that travels in front of the vehicle 1. This is because, when there is a preceding vehicle, coasting stops by the operation of the brake pedal 21 and the subsequent reacceleration when the vehicle 1 approaches the preceding vehicle.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 includes a distance measuring unit 50 that measures an inter-vehicle distance Dv between the vehicle 1 and a preceding vehicle, and a relative speed measuring unit 51 that measures a relative speed Vr.
- the distance measuring unit 50 and the relative velocity measuring unit 51 may be, for example, a radar device such as a laser radar or a millimeter wave radar that scans a front area of the vehicle.
- the distance measuring unit 50 may be an imaging device that captures an image of a front area of the vehicle and an information processing apparatus that calculates an inter-vehicle distance Dv based on an image of the front area.
- the relative speed measuring unit 51 may be an information processing apparatus that calculates a temporal change in the inter-vehicle distance Dv calculated based on the image of the front area as the relative speed Vr.
- FIG. 6 shows a functional configuration of the vehicle travel control device 40 of the third embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 includes a threshold value determination unit 46 that determines a relative speed threshold value Vrt, which is a threshold value of the relative speed Vr, according to the inter-vehicle distance Dv.
- the threshold determination unit 46 determines the relative speed threshold Vrt according to the inter-vehicle distance Dv between the vehicle 1 and the preceding vehicle when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate, for example, according to the map shown in FIG. This map can be determined in advance by experiments or the like and stored in a storage device provided in the engine control unit 20.
- a distance D1 where 0 ⁇ D1 is set in advance for the inter-vehicle distance Dv.
- the distance D1 is set to a value such that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 does not become higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration, regardless of the relative speed Vr, when the inter-vehicle distance Dv is equal to or less than D1.
- the relative speed threshold Vrt is 0 regardless of the inter-vehicle distance Dv. In the range where the inter-vehicle distance Dv is larger than D1, the relative speed threshold value Vrt increases as the inter-vehicle distance Dv increases.
- the threshold value determination unit 46 may determine the relative speed threshold value Vrt according to a predetermined calculation formula for calculating the relative speed threshold value Vrt according to the inter-vehicle distance Dv.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines that the inertial fuel consumption reduction effect E1 is greater than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the relative speed Vr when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate is less than the relative speed threshold Vrt. Expect to be high.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 predicts that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the relative speed Vr is equal to or greater than the relative speed threshold Vrt.
- steps S30 and S31 are the same as the processes in steps S10 and S11 described with reference to FIG.
- step S32 the distance measuring unit 50 detects the inter-vehicle distance Dv when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate.
- step S33 the threshold value determination unit 46 determines the relative speed threshold value Vrt according to the inter-vehicle distance Dv.
- step S34 the relative speed measurement unit 51 detects the relative speed Vr when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate.
- the process of step S33 may be executed after the process of step S34.
- step S35 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the relative speed Vr is less than the relative speed threshold value Vrt. When the relative speed Vr is less than the relative speed threshold value Vrt (step S35: Y), the process proceeds to step S36. If the relative speed Vr is greater than or equal to the relative speed threshold value Vrt (step S35: N), the process proceeds to step S37.
- the processes in steps S36 and S37 are the same as the processes in steps S13 and S14 described with reference to FIG.
- the distance measuring unit 50 and the relative speed measuring unit 51 calculate the distance and the relative speed between the object and the vehicle 1 that can be a cause of stopping inertial driving when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate. To detect.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 predicts whether or not the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration according to the detected distance and relative speed. For this reason, when there is a coasting stop factor, it is predicted whether the coasting fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 is higher than the deceleration energy regeneration fuel efficiency reduction effect E2, and either inertia coasting or deceleration energy regeneration is performed. Or the appropriate one can be selected.
- the threshold value determination unit 46 determines the distance according to either the distance between the object and the vehicle 1 that may be a cause of stopping inertial driving or the relative speed when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate. And the other threshold of the relative speed is determined.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertial traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration according to the comparison result between the determined threshold value, the distance, and the relative speed. Predict.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 sets the inter-vehicle distance Dv and the relative speed Vr between the preceding vehicle and the vehicle 1. Based on this, it is predicted whether or not the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration. For this reason, when there is a preceding vehicle traveling in front of the vehicle 1, it is predicted whether the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertial traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration, and inertial traveling and deceleration energy are predicted. One of the appropriate regenerations can be selected.
- the threshold determination unit 46 may determine the threshold D of the inter-vehicle distance Dv according to the relative speed Vr.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 may predict that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the inter-vehicle distance Dv is longer than the threshold value D.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 may predict that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the inter-vehicle distance Dv is equal to or less than the threshold value D.
- the coasting stop factor may be a factor that stops the vehicle 1, for example.
- An example of an object that can be a cause of stopping inertial running by stopping the vehicle 1 is a red light.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 of the fourth embodiment corresponds to the distance Dr between the red signal and the vehicle 1 present in the course of the vehicle 1 and the travel speed Vv of the vehicle 1 that is the relative speed between the red signal and the vehicle 1. It is predicted whether the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertial traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration.
- the vehicle 1 includes a traffic light detection unit 52 that detects a distance Dr to a traffic light with a red signal that exists in front of the vehicle 1.
- the traffic light detection unit 52 is, for example, a GPS (Global Positioning System) device that measures the current position of the vehicle 1 or a positioning device such as an inertial navigation device, and an information processing device such as a navigation device that stores the positional information of traffic signals on the road. You may be comprised by the receiver which receives the lighting state of the apparatus and the signal apparatus on a road via road-to-vehicle communication or vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Further, the traffic signal detection unit 52 may be an imaging device that images a front area of the vehicle, and an information processing apparatus that calculates a distance Dr to a red signal existing ahead of the course of the vehicle 1 based on an image of the front area. Good.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- FIG. 10 shows a functional configuration of the vehicle travel control device 40 of the fourth embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the fuel efficiency reduction effect predicting unit 43 determines that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertial traveling is the fuel efficiency of deceleration energy regeneration regardless of the distance Dr to the red signal. It is predicted that it is not higher than the reduction effect E2.
- the traveling speed Vv is less than the first speed threshold Vt1
- the inertial traveling control unit 42 executes deceleration energy regeneration regardless of the distance Dr.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 includes a threshold value determination unit 46 that determines a variable second speed threshold value Vt2 that is a threshold value of the travel speed Vv according to the distance Dr to the red signal.
- the threshold value determination unit 46 determines the second speed threshold value Vt2 according to the distance Dr from the vehicle 1 to the red signal when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate, for example, according to the map shown in FIG. This map can be determined in advance by experiments or the like and stored in a storage device provided in the engine control unit 20.
- a distance D2 where 0 ⁇ D2 is set in advance for the distance Dr to the red signal.
- the distance D2 is set to a value such that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 does not become higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration regardless of the travel speed Vv when the distance Dr is equal to or less than D2.
- the second speed threshold value Vt2 is 0 regardless of the distance Dr.
- the second speed threshold Vt2 increases from the first speed threshold Vt1 as the distance Dr increases.
- the threshold value determination unit 46 may determine the second speed threshold value Vt2 according to a predetermined calculation formula for calculating the second speed threshold value Vt2 according to the distance Dr to the red signal. .
- the fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 predicts that the inertial fuel consumption reduction effect E1 is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the traveling speed Vv is less than the second speed threshold value Vt2.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 predicts that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than the second speed threshold Vt2.
- step S40 and S41 are the same as the processes in steps S10 and S11 described with reference to FIG.
- step S42 the traffic light detector 52 detects the distance Dr from the vehicle 1 to the red signal when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate.
- step S43 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether there is a red signal within a predetermined distance. If there is a red signal within the predetermined distance (step S43: Y), the process proceeds to step S44.
- step S43: N the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration, and the process is performed. Proceed to S48.
- step S44 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 detects the traveling speed Vv when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate.
- step S45 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the traveling speed Vv is less than the first speed threshold value Vt1.
- the fuel efficiency reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration. Then, the process proceeds to step S49. If the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than the first speed threshold value Vt1 (step S45: N), the process proceeds to step S46.
- step S46 the threshold value determination unit 46 determines the second speed threshold value Vt2 according to the distance Dr to the red signal.
- step S47 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the traveling speed Vv is less than the second speed threshold value Vt2. If the traveling speed Vv is less than the second speed threshold Vt2 (step S47: Y), the process proceeds to step S48. If the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than the second speed threshold value Vt2 (step S47: N), the process proceeds to step S49.
- the processes in steps S48 and S49 are the same as the processes in steps S13 and S14 described with reference to FIG.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines the distance Dr between the vehicle 1 and the red signal, Based on the traveling speed Vv of the vehicle 1 which is a relative speed with respect to the red signal, it is predicted whether or not the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of the inertia traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 by the deceleration energy regeneration. Therefore, when there is a red signal in the course of the vehicle 1, it is predicted whether or not the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration. Any one of them can be selected.
- the threshold determination unit 46 may determine the threshold D of the distance Dr to the red signal according to the traveling speed Vv.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 may predict that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the distance Dr is longer than the threshold value D.
- the fuel efficiency reduction effect predicting unit 43 may predict that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the distance Dr is equal to or less than the threshold value D.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 includes a distance Dt between the intersection where the vehicle 1 is scheduled to turn right or left next on the predetermined course of the vehicle 1 and the vehicle 1 and the relative relationship between the intersection and the vehicle 1. It is predicted whether or not the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 by deceleration energy regeneration according to the traveling speed Vv of the vehicle 1 that is the speed.
- the vehicle 1 includes an intersection detection unit 53 that detects the distance Dt between the vehicle 1 and the intersection where the vehicle 1 is scheduled to turn right or left next on a predetermined course of the vehicle 1.
- the intersection detection unit 53 includes, for example, a positioning device such as a GPS (Global Positioning System) device or an inertial navigation device that measures the current position of the vehicle 1, and a map database that includes position information of the intersection. It is an information processing device such as a navigation device that provides guidance.
- the intersection detection unit 53 detects the position of the intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left next in the planned course of the vehicle 1 set by the route search of the vehicle 1, and based on the position of the intersection and the current position of the vehicle 1, A distance Dt between the vehicle 1 and the intersection is calculated.
- FIG. 14 shows a functional configuration of the vehicle travel control device 40 of the fifth embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the fuel efficiency reduction effect prediction unit 43 performs the fuel efficiency reduction effect of inertial traveling regardless of the distance Dt to the next intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left. It is predicted that E1 is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of the deceleration energy regeneration.
- the inertial traveling control unit 42 executes deceleration energy regeneration regardless of the distance Dt.
- the vehicle travel control device 40 includes a threshold value determination unit 46 that determines a variable second speed threshold value Vt2 that is a threshold value of the travel speed Vv according to a distance Dt to an intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left next. For example, according to the map shown in FIG. 15, the threshold value determination unit 46 determines the second speed threshold value Vt2 according to the distance Dt from the vehicle 1 when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate to the next intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left. To decide.
- This map can be determined in advance by experiments or the like and stored in a storage device provided in the engine control unit 20.
- a distance D3 that satisfies 0 ⁇ D3 is set in advance for the distance Dt to the intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left next.
- the distance D3 is set to a value such that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 does not become higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 due to deceleration energy regeneration regardless of the traveling speed Vv when the distance Dt is equal to or less than D3.
- the second speed threshold Vt2 is 0 regardless of the distance Dt. In a range where the distance Dt is greater than D3, the second speed threshold Vt2 increases from the third speed threshold Vt3 as the distance Dt increases.
- the second speed threshold value Vt2 may be determined according to a predetermined formula that calculates the second speed threshold value Vt2 according to the distance Dt to the intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left next. Good.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 predicts that the inertial fuel consumption reduction effect E1 is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the traveling speed Vv is less than the second speed threshold value Vt2.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect predicting unit 43 predicts that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the traveling speed Vv is equal to or higher than the second speed threshold Vt2.
- step S50 and S51 are the same as the processes in steps S10 and S11 described with reference to FIG.
- step S51: N the process proceeds to step S52.
- the traffic light detection unit 52 detects the distance Dt from the vehicle 1 when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate to the intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left next.
- step S ⁇ b> 53 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the next intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left is within a predetermined distance.
- step S53: Y If there is an intersection within the predetermined distance (step S53: Y), the process proceeds to step S54.
- step S53: N the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration, and the process is performed in step S58. Proceed to
- step S54 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 detects the traveling speed Vv when it is determined that the driver does not intend to accelerate.
- step S55 the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines whether or not the traveling speed Vv is less than the third speed threshold value Vt3.
- step S55: Y the fuel efficiency reduction effect prediction unit 43 determines that the fuel efficiency reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel efficiency reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration. Then, the process proceeds to step S59.
- step S55: N the process proceeds to step S56.
- step S56 the threshold value determination unit 46 determines the second speed threshold value Vt2 according to the distance Dt to the intersection that is scheduled to turn right or left next.
- the processing in steps S57 to S59 is the same as the processing in steps S47 to S49 described with reference to FIG.
- the threshold value determination unit 46 may determine a threshold value D of the distance Dt between the vehicle 1 and the intersection where the vehicle 1 is scheduled to turn right or left next according to the traveling speed Vv.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 may predict that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the distance Dt is longer than the threshold value D.
- the fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit 43 may predict that the fuel consumption reduction effect E1 of inertia traveling is not higher than the fuel consumption reduction effect E2 of deceleration energy regeneration when the distance Dt is equal to or less than the threshold value D.
- Accelerator pedal, 24 ... Accelerator pedal opening sensor, 25 ... Master cylinder, 26 ... Master cylinder pressure sensor, 27 ... Master Back, 29a-29b ... wheel speed sensor, 30 ... transmission control unit , 40 ... Vehicle travel control device, 41 ... Idle stop control unit, 42 ... Inertia travel control unit, 43 ... Fuel consumption reduction effect prediction unit, 44 ... Engine control unit, 45 ... Power generation amount control unit, 46 ... Threshold determination unit, 50 ... distance measuring section, 51 ... relative speed measuring section, 52 ... traffic light detecting section, 53 ... intersection detecting section
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、惰性走行のために減速エネルギ回生ができないことによる燃費の悪化を低減することを目的とする。
本発明の目的及び利点は、特許請求の範囲に示した要素及びその組合せを用いて具現化され達成される。前述の一般的な記述及び以下の詳細な記述の両方は、単なる例示及び説明であり、特許請求の範囲のように本発明を限定するものでないと解するべきである。
(第1実施形態)
(構成)
図1を参照する。車両1の内燃機関であるエンジン2の出力側には、トルクコンバータ3が設けられている。トルクコンバータ3の出力側には、ベルト式の無段階変速機4が接続されている。エンジン2から出力された回転駆動力は、トルクコンバータ3を介して無段階変速機4に入力され、所望の変速比によって変速された後に、ディファレンシャルギア5を介して駆動輪6a及び6bに伝達される。エンジン2には、エンジン始動を行うモータ7と、発電を行うオルタネータ8とが備えられている。
オルタネータ8は、エンジン2により回転駆動されることで発電し、発電した電力をバッテリ9等に供給する。オルタネータ8は、SSGモータであってもよい。オルタネータ8としてSSGモータが使用される場合、オルタネータ8は、バッテリ9から供給される電力により駆動力を生じてエンジン2の駆動力を補助するモータ機能と、エンジン2の駆動力により発電する発電機能を有する。なお、オルタネータ8は電動機に対応する。
無段階変速機4は、前後進切換機構11と、プライマリプーリ12及びセカンダリプーリ13と、プライマリプーリ12及びセカンダリプーリ13に掛け渡されたベルト14を備える。プライマリプーリ12及びセカンダリプーリ13の溝幅が油圧制御によって変化することで所望の変速比を達成する。
また、無段階変速機4内には、エンジン2によって駆動されるオイルポンプ15が設けられている。エンジン作動時には、このオイルポンプ15を油圧源として、トルクコンバータ3のコンバータ圧やロックアップクラッチ10のクラッチ圧が供給される。
さらにエンジンコントロールユニット20には、エンジン2の冷却水温、エンジン2に供給される空気の吸気温度、空気流量、吸気管内絶対圧、クランク角等の信号が入力される。また、エンジンコントロールユニット20には、後述する変速機コントロールユニット30からの変速機状態信号が入力される。
また、エンジンコントロールユニット20は、オルタネータ8の目標発電電圧を指示する発電指令値信号を出力する。車両1が減速状態である場合には、エンジンコントロールユニット20は、オルタネータ8に指示する目標発電電圧を上昇させることにより、減速エネルギ回生を実行してバッテリ9を充電する。一方で、定常走行時や加速時には、エンジンコントロールユニット20は、目標発電電圧を下げることによりオルタネータ8による発電を抑制する。それにより、エンジン2の負荷が低減し燃費性能が向上する。
ブレーキペダル21の先には、マスタシリンダ25及びマスタバック27が設けられている。このマスタバック27は、エンジン2の吸気負圧を用いてブレーキ操作力を増幅する。エンジンコントロールユニット20には、ブレーキペダル21の操作量に基づいて生じるマスタシリンダ25のマスタシリンダ圧を検出するマスタシリンダ圧センサ26からのブレーキペダル操作量信号が入力される。
なお、マスタシリンダ圧センサ26に代えてブレーキペダルストローク量やブレーキペダル踏力を検出するセンサ、またはホイルシリンダ圧を検出するセンサ等を用いてブレーキペダル操作量を検出し、エンジンコントロールユニット20に入力してもよい。
例えば変速機コントロールユニット30は、Dレンジが選択されているときは、前進用クラッチ16の接続を行うと共に、アクセルペダル開度と車速とに基づいて変速比マップから変速比を決定し、各プーリ圧を制御する。
以下の説明において、Dレンジが選択されることにより前進用クラッチ16が接続され、且つエンジン2へ燃料が供給された状態で車両1を走行させる前進走行を「Dレンジ走行」と表記することがある。
なお、エンジンコントロールユニット20及び変速機コントロールユニット30は、前進用クラッチ16、後進用ブレーキ17、及びオルタネータ8を制御する制御装置に対応する。
エンジンコントロールユニット20及び変速機コントロールユニット30は、例えば、CPU(Central Processing Unit)と、記憶装置等のCPU周辺部品とを含むコンピュータであってよい。本明細書で説明するこれらのコンピュータの各機能は、記憶装置に格納されたコンピュータプログラムを各々のCPUが実行することによって実装される。
次に、エンジン2の自動停止処理について説明する。自動停止処理とは、所定の条件が成立した場合に、エンジンコントロールユニット20がエンジン2の自動停止と再始動を行う処理である。
エンジンコントロールユニット20は、車輪速センサ29からの車輪速信号、アクセルペダル開度センサ24からのアクセルペダル操作量信号、マスタシリンダ圧センサ26からのブレーキペダル操作量信号、及びバッテリ9の充電状態信号に基づいて自動停止処理を実施する。
エンジンコントロールユニット20、変速機コントロールユニット30、車輪速センサ29、アクセルペダル開度センサ24、及びマスタシリンダ圧センサ26は、エンジン2の自動停止処理を行う車両走行制御装置40を構成する。
アイドルストップ制御部41は、車両1が停止時に、所定の条件が成立したときは、エンジンアイドリングを停止する、いわゆるアイドルストップ(アイドルリダクションとも呼ぶ)制御を行う。なお、アイドルストップ制御についての詳細な説明は省略する。
このため、燃費低減効果予測部43は、加速意図が無いと判断した時に、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が、駆動輪6a及び6bの回転動力をオルタネータ8へ入力する減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2より高いか否かを予測する。
(A1)運転者の加速意図がない。例えば、惰性走行制御部42は、アクセルペダル開度センサ24からのアクセルペダル操作量信号を受信する。アクセル操作量(すなわちアクセル踏込量)がゼロになってから所定時間以上経過している場合に運転者の加速意図がないと判断してよい。所定時間は、運転者の加速意図がないことを判断するために設定されるアクセルペダル23が操作されない期間であり、例えば2秒でよい。
(A3)運転者がブレーキペダル21を踏むなどの車両1の制動操作を行っていない。例えば、惰性走行制御部42は、マスタシリンダ圧センサ26からのブレーキペダル操作量信号を受信し、ブレーキペダル21の操作量がゼロの場合に制動操作を行っていないと判断し、ブレーキペダル21の操作量がゼロでない場合に運転者が制動操作を行ったと判断してもよい。ブレーキスイッチ22からのブレーキ信号に基づいて制動操作が行われたか否かを判断してもよい。
(A4)走行速度Vvが速度V2以下である。例えば、速度V2は80km/h程度でよい。惰性走行制御部42は、車輪速センサ29からの車輪速信号を受信し、車輪速信号に基づいて走行速度Vvを判断してよい。
(A5)所定のアイドルストップ許可条件が成立する。アイドルストップ許可条件は、例えば、エンジン暖機中でなく且つバッテリ9の充電率が所定値以上であることであってよい。
(A1)運転者の加速意図がない。
(A3)運転者がブレーキペダル21を踏むなどの車両1の制動操作を行っていない。
(B1)惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2より高くないと予測される。
惰性走行開始命令を受信すると、エンジン制御部44は燃料噴射装置による燃料噴射を停止して、エンジン2への燃料供給を停止する。また、エンジン制御部44は、電動オイルポンプ18の作動禁止命令を無段階変速機4へ出力する。エンジン2の停止によりオイルポンプ15が停止し、さらに電動オイルポンプ18が作動しないため、前後進切換機構11の前進用クラッチ16が解放される。これにより、エンジン2と駆動輪6a及び6bとが切り離される。また、ロックアップクラッチ10も解放される。これにより、車両1の走行状態は、Dレンジ走行から惰性走行からへ移行する。
回生開始命令を受信すると、エンジン制御部44は燃料噴射装置による燃料噴射を停止して、エンジン2への燃料供給を停止する。もしくは、エンジン制御部44は燃料噴射量を低減させる。
エンジン制御部44は、電動オイルポンプ18を作動させ、前後進切換機構11の前進用クラッチ16の締結を維持する。これにより、エンジン2と駆動輪6a及び6bとの接続が維持され、駆動輪6a及び6bの回転駆動力がオルタネータ8に入力される。
また、回生開始命令を受信すると、発電量制御部45はオルタネータ8の目標発電電圧を上昇させる発電指令値信号をオルタネータ8へ出力する。駆動輪6a及び6bの回転駆動力がオルタネータ8に入力され、オルタネータ8に指示する目標発電電圧が上昇することにより減速エネルギ回生が実行されてバッテリ9が充電される。
(C1)運転者の加速意図がある。
(C2)運転者が車両1の制動操作を行う。
終了条件が成立する場合には、惰性走行制御部42は惰性走行を停止する。上記条件(A5)を惰性走行の開始条件にする場合には、条件(A5)が成立しない場合にも惰性走行を停止してもよい。
惰性走行を停止する場合、惰性走行制御部42は、惰性走行停止命令をエンジン制御部44に出力する。惰性走行停止命令を受信すると、エンジン制御部44は、燃料噴射を再開してモータ7を駆動しエンジンクランキングを行う。エンジン2が始動すると、オイルポンプ15が作動することにより前後進切換機構11の前進用クラッチ16が接続される。以上により、エンジン再始動及び前進用クラッチ16の再接続が完了し、車両1の走行状態は、惰性走行からDレンジ走行へ移行する。
減速エネルギ回生を停止する場合、惰性走行制御部42は、回生停止命令をエンジン制御部44及び発電量制御部45へ出力する。回生停止命令を受信すると、エンジン制御部44は、エンジン2の燃料噴射を再開する。また、発電量制御部45は、目標発電電圧を下げる発電指令値信号をオルタネータ8へ出力し、オルタネータ8による発電を抑制して、エンジン2の負荷を低減する。これにより減速エネルギ回生が終了する。
次に、第1実施形態に係る車両走行制御装置40の処理の一例を説明する。図3を参照する。
ステップS10において惰性走行制御部42は、運転者の加速意図があるか否かを判断する。運転者の加速意図がある場合(ステップS10:Y)に、処理はステップS10に戻る。この場合、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生は開始しない。運転者の加速意図がない場合(ステップS10:N)に、処理はステップS11に進む。
ステップS11において惰性走行制御部42は、運転者が制動操作を行ったか否かを判断する。制動操作が行われた場合(ステップS11:Y)に、処理はステップS10に戻る。この場合、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生は開始しない。制動操作が行われていない場合(ステップS11:N)に、処理はステップS12に進む。
燃費低減効果E1が燃費低減効果E2より高くない場合(ステップS12:N)に、処理はステップS14に進む。
ステップS13において惰性走行制御部42は、惰性走行を実行する。その後に処理は終了する。
ステップS14において惰性走行制御部42は、減速エネルギ回生を実行する。その後に処理は終了する。
惰性走行制御部42は、車両1の走行中の運転者の加速意図を判断する。加速意図が無いと判断した時に、燃費低減効果予測部43は、車両1のエンジン2と駆動輪6a及び6bとの間の動力伝達を遮断して車両1を走行させる惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1と、車両1の駆動輪6a及び6bの回転動力をオルタネータ8へ入力する減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2のいずれが高いかを予測する。惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測される場合に、惰性走行制御部42は惰性走行を実行する。惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測される場合に惰性走行制御部42は減速エネルギ回生を実行する。
このため、惰性走行の航続時間が短く、惰性走行による燃費低減効果よりも減速エネルギ回生ができないことによる損失が上回ることによって生じる燃費の悪化を低減することができる。
(1)車両走行制御装置40は、無段階変速機4の以外の形式の自動変速機を採用した車両にも適用することができる。例えば、車両走行制御装置40は、平行軸歯車式の自動変速機を採用した車両にも適用することができる。また、車両走行制御装置40は、駆動源として内燃機関のみを備える車両にもハイブリッド車両にも適用することができる。
(2)惰性走行時に車両走行制御装置40は、電動オイルポンプ18の作動禁止命令の代わりに、前進用クラッチ16を積極的に解放する解放信号を無段階変速機4へ出力してもよい。
次に、第2実施形態を説明する。車両1の走行速度Vvが高い場合には、車両1は安定した状態で走行していると考えられ、惰性走行が始まると惰性走行が比較的長く続くと考えられる。したがって、車両1の走行速度Vvが高い場合ほど惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が大きくなると考えられる。このため、第2実施形態に係る車両走行制御装置40は、車両1の走行速度Vvに基づいて、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。
第2実施形態の車両走行制御装置40の構成は、図2を参照して説明した第1実施形態の車両走行制御装置40の構成と同様である。
ステップS20及びS21の処理は、図3を参照して説明したステップS10及びS11の処理と同様である。制動操作が行われていない場合(ステップS21:N)に、処理はステップS22に進む。
ステップS22において燃費低減効果予測部43は、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の走行速度Vvを検出する。
ステップS24及びS25の処理は、図3を参照して説明したステップS13及びS14の処理と同様である。
燃費低減効果予測部43は、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の車両1の走行速度Vvを検出する。燃費低減効果予測部43は、走行速度Vvが速度閾値Vt以上の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測する。燃費低減効果予測部43は、走行速度Vvが速度閾値Tt未満の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測する。
このため、比較的簡易な方法で、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測して、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生のうちいずれか適切な一方を選択することができる。
(1)惰性走行の途中で走行速度Vvが速度閾値Vt未満に低下し車両1の状態が惰性走行から減速エネルギ回生に切り替わると、車両挙動の変化によって運転者が違和感を覚えるおそれがある。このため、速度閾値Vt以上の走行速度Vvの車両1が惰性走行を開始した後、この惰性走行の実行中に走行速度Vvが速度閾値Vt未満に低下した場合に、惰性走行制御部42は惰性走行を続行してもよい。このように車両1の状態が惰性走行から減速エネルギ回生に切り替わるのを防止することによって、運転者の違和感を防ぐことができる。
(2)下り坂での減速エネルギ回生の途中で走行速度Vvが速度閾値Vt以上に増加して車両1の状態が減速エネルギ回生から惰性走行に切り替わると、車両挙動の変化によって運転者が違和感を覚えるおそれがある。このため、速度閾値Vt未満の走行速度Vvの車両1が減速エネルギ回生を開始した後、この減速エネルギ回生を下り坂で実行している間に走行速度Vvが速度閾値Vt以上に増加した場合に、惰性走行制御部42は減速エネルギ回生を続行してもよい。このように車両1の状態が減速エネルギ回生から惰性走行に切り替わるのを防止することによって、運転者の違和感を防ぐことができる。
次に、第3実施形態を説明する。運転者が加速操作やブレーキ操作を行うと惰性走行は停止する。また、車両1が停止すると惰性走行は停止する。したがって、加速操作やブレーキ操作を招いたり車両1を停止させることで惰性走行を停止させる停止要因となりうる対象物が存在する場合には、この対象物と車両1との間の距離と相対速度とに応じて惰性走行の航続時間が異なる。
このため、第3実施形態に係る車両走行制御装置40は、加速意図が無いと判断した時の、惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物と車両1との間の距離と相対速度とを検出する。車両走行制御装置40は、検出した距離と相対速度とに応じて、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。以下の説明において、惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物を単に「対象物」と表記することがある。
または、車両走行制御装置40は、対象物との相対速度に応じて対象物との距離の閾値を決定し、対象物との距離が閾値を超える場合に、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高く、対象物との距離が閾値以下の場合に、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと判断する。
あるいは、車両走行制御装置40は、対象物との距離を相対速度で除算した比が閾値を超える場合に、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高く、この比が閾値以下の場合に、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと判断してもよい。
惰性走行の停止要因は、例えば運転者による車両1の制動操作を招く要因であってよい。また、惰性走行の停止要因は、例えば運転者による車両1の加速操作を招く要因であってもよい。
惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物の一例は、車両1の前を走行する先行車である。先行車が存在する場合には、先行車へ車両1が接近した際のブレーキペダル21の操作及びその後の再加速によって惰性走行が停止するからである。
第3実施形態の車両走行制御装置40の一例は、車両1の前を走行する先行車との車間距離Dvと相対速度Vrに応じて惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。
図5を参照する。図1を参照して説明した第1実施形態と同じ構成要素には同じ参照符号を使用する。車両1は、車両1と先行車との車間距離Dvを測定する距離測定部50及び相対速度Vrを測定する相対速度測定部51を備える。以下、先行車との車間距離Dv及び相対速度Vrをそれぞれ単に「車間距離Dv」及び「相対速度Vr」と表記することがある。
距離測定部50及び相対速度測定部51は、例えば、車両の前方領域を走査するレーザレーダやミリ波レーダ等のレーダ装置であってもよい。また、距離測定部50は、車両の前方領域を撮像する撮像装置、及び前方領域の画像に基づいて車間距離Dvを算出する情報処理装置であってもよい。相対速度測定部51は、前方領域の画像に基づいて算出された車間距離Dvの時間変化を相対速度Vrとして算出する情報処理装置であってもよい。
閾値決定部46は、例えば図7に示すマップに従って、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の車両1と先行車との間の車間距離Dvに応じて相対速度閾値Vrtを決定する。このマップは、例えば実験等により予め決定してエンジンコントロールユニット20が備える記憶装置内に格納しておくことができる。
燃費低減効果予測部43は、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の相対速度Vrが相対速度閾値Vrt未満の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測する。燃費低減効果予測部43は、相対速度Vrが相対速度閾値Vrt以上の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測する。
(動作)
次に、第3実施形態に係る車両走行制御装置40の処理の一例を説明する。図8を参照する。
ステップS30及びS31の処理は、図3を参照して説明したステップS10及びS11の処理と同様である。制動操作が行われていない場合(ステップS31:N)に、処理はステップS22に進む。
ステップS32において距離測定部50は、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の車間距離Dvを検出する。
ステップS35において燃費低減効果予測部43は、相対速度Vrが相対速度閾値Vrt未満であるか否かを判断する。相対速度Vrが相対速度閾値Vrt未満である場合(ステップS35:Y)に、処理はステップS36へ進む。相対速度Vrが相対速度閾値Vrt以上である場合(ステップS35:N)に、処理はステップS37へ進む。
ステップS36及びS37の処理は、図3を参照して説明したステップS13及びS14の処理と同様である。
(1)距離測定部50及び相対速度測定部51は、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の、惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物と車両1との間の距離と相対速度とを検出する。燃費低減効果予測部43は、検出した距離と相対速度とに応じて、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。
このため、惰性走行の停止要因が存在する場合において、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測して、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生のうちいずれか適切な一方を選択することができる。
このため、性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物と車両1との間の距離と相対速度に基づいて惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測して、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生のうちいずれか適切な一方を選択することができる。
このため、車両1の前を走行する先行車が存在する場合において、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測して、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生のうちいずれか適切な一方を選択することができる。
閾値決定部46は、相対速度Vrに応じて車間距離Dvの閾値Dを決定してもよい。燃費低減効果予測部43は、車間距離Dvが閾値Dより長い場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測してもよい。燃費低減効果予測部43は、車間距離Dvが閾値D以下の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測してもよい。
次に、第4実施形態を説明する。惰性走行の停止要因は、例えば車両1を停止させる要因であってよい。車両1を停止させることにより惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物の一例は赤信号である。
第4実施形態の車両走行制御装置40は、車両1の進路に存在する赤信号と車両1との距離Drと、赤信号と車両1との相対速度である車両1の走行速度Vvに応じて惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。
図9を参照する。図1を参照して説明した第1実施形態と同じ構成要素には同じ参照符号を使用する。車両1は、車両1の進路前方に存在する赤信号の信号機までの距離Drを検出する信号機検出部52を備える。
信号機検出部52は、例えば、車両1の現在位置を測定するGPS(Global Positioning System)装置や慣性航法装置等の測位装置と、道路上の信号機の位置情報が記憶されたナビゲーション装置等の情報処理装置と、道路上の信号機の点灯状態を路車間通信や車車間通信を介して受信する受信機により構成されてよい。
また、信号機検出部52は、車両の前方領域を撮像する撮像装置、及び前方領域の画像に基づいて車両1の進路前方に存在する赤信号までの距離Drを算出する情報処理装置であってもよい。
燃費低減効果予測部43は、車両1の走行速度Vvが固定の第1速度閾値Vt1未満の場合には、赤信号までの距離Drに関わらず惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測する。この結果、走行速度Vvが第1速度閾値Vt1未満の場合には、惰性走行制御部42は距離Drに関わらず減速エネルギ回生を実行する。
閾値決定部46は、例えば図11に示すマップに従って、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の車両1から赤信号までの距離Drに応じて第2速度閾値Vt2を決定する。このマップは、例えば実験等により予め決定してエンジンコントロールユニット20が備える記憶装置内に格納しておくことができる。
燃費低減効果予測部43は、走行速度Vvが第2速度閾値Vt2未満の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測する。燃費低減効果予測部43は、走行速度Vvが第2速度閾値Vt2以上の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測する。
次に、第4実施形態に係る車両走行制御装置40の処理の一例を説明する。図12を参照する。
ステップS40及びS41の処理は、図3を参照して説明したステップS10及びS11の処理と同様である。制動操作が行われていない場合(ステップS41:N)に、処理はステップS42に進む。
ステップS42において、信号機検出部52は、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の車両1から赤信号までの距離Drを検出する。ステップS43において燃費低減効果予測部43は、所定距離内に赤信号があるか否かを判断する。所定距離内に赤信号がある場合(ステップS43:Y)に処理はステップS44に進む。所定距離内に赤信号がない場合(ステップS43:N)に燃費低減効果予測部43は、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと判断し、処理をステップS48に進める。
ステップS46において閾値決定部46は、赤信号までの距離Drに応じて第2速度閾値Vt2を決定する。
ステップS48及びS49の処理は、図3を参照して説明したステップS13及びS14の処理と同様である。
(1)惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物として車両1の進路上の赤信号が存在する場合、燃費低減効果予測部43は、車両1と赤信号との間の距離Drと、車両1と赤信号との相対速度である車両1の走行速度Vvに基づいて惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。
このため、車両1の進路に赤信号が存在する場合において、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測して、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生のうちいずれか適切な一方を選択することができる。
閾値決定部46は、走行速度Vvに応じて赤信号までの距離Drの閾値Dを決定してもよい。燃費低減効果予測部43は、距離Drが閾値Dより長い場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測してもよい。燃費低減効果予測部43は、距離Drが閾値D以下の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測してもよい。
次に、第5実施形態を説明する。交差点で車両1が右折又は左折する際に運転者が車両1の制動操作を行うと惰性走行が停止する。または、右折又は左折の終了後に車両1を再加速させることによって惰性走行が停止する。
したがって、ナビゲーション装置により車両1の予定進路が予め設定されている場合には、惰性走行の停止要因として、車両1の予定進路において車両1が次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点を検出することができる。
第5実施形態の車両走行制御装置40は、予め設定された車両1の予定進路において車両1が次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点と車両1との距離Dtと、交差点と車両1との相対速度である車両1の走行速度Vvに応じて惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。
図13を参照する。図1を参照して説明した第1実施形態と同じ構成要素には同じ参照符号を使用する。車両1は、予め設定された車両1の予定進路において車両1が次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点と車両1との距離Dtを検出する交差点検出部53を備える。
交差点検出部53は、例えば、車両1の現在位置を測定するGPS(Global Positioning System)装置や慣性航法装置等の測位装置と、交差点の位置情報を含む地図データベースを備え車両1の経路検索及び経路案内を行うナビゲーション装置などの情報処理装置である。交差点検出部53は、車両1の経路検索によって設定された車両1の予定進路において次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点の位置を検出し、交差点の位置と車両1との現在位置に基づいて、車両1と交差点の距離Dtを算出する。
燃費低減効果予測部43は、車両1の走行速度Vvが固定の第3速度閾値Vt3未満の場合には、次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点までの距離Dtに関わらず惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測する。この結果、走行速度Vvが第3速度閾値Vt3未満の場合には、惰性走行制御部42は距離Dtに関わらず減速エネルギ回生を実行する。
閾値決定部46は、例えば図15に示すマップに従って、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の車両1から次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点までの距離Dtに応じて第2速度閾値Vt2を決定する。このマップは、例えば実験等により予め決定してエンジンコントロールユニット20が備える記憶装置内に格納しておくことができる。
燃費低減効果予測部43は、走行速度Vvが第2速度閾値Vt2未満の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測する。燃費低減効果予測部43は、走行速度Vvが第2速度閾値Vt2以上の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測する。
次に、第5実施形態に係る車両走行制御装置40の処理の一例を説明する。図16を参照する。
ステップS50及びS51の処理は、図3を参照して説明したステップS10及びS11の処理と同様である。制動操作が行われていない場合(ステップS51:N)に、処理はステップS52に進む。
ステップS52において、信号機検出部52は、運転者の加速意図が無いと判断した時の車両1から次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点までの距離Dtを検出する。ステップS53において燃費低減効果予測部43は、次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点が所定距離内にあるか否かを判断する。所定距離内に交差点がある場合(ステップS53:Y)に処理はステップS54に進む。所定距離内に交差点がない場合(ステップS53:N)に燃費低減効果予測部43は、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと判断し、処理をステップS58に進める。
ステップS56において閾値決定部46は、次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点までの距離Dtに応じて第2速度閾値Vt2を決定する。
ステップS57~S59の処理は、図12を参照して説明したステップS47~S49の処理と同様である。
(1)惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物として、予め設定された車両1の予定進路において車両1が次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点を検出する。燃費低減効果予測部43は、車両1と次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点との間の距離Dtと、この交差点と車両1との相対速度である車両1の走行速度Vvに基づいて惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測する。
このため、車両1が次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点が決定されている場合において、惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いか否かを予測して、惰性走行及び減速エネルギ回生のうちいずれか適切な一方を選択することができる。
閾値決定部46は、走行速度Vvに応じて、車両1が次に右折又は左折する予定の交差点と車両1との距離Dtの閾値Dを決定してもよい。燃費低減効果予測部43は、距離Dtが閾値Dより長い場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高いと予測してもよい。燃費低減効果予測部43は、距離Dtが閾値D以下の場合に惰性走行の燃費低減効果E1が減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果E2よりも高くないと予測してもよい。
Claims (10)
- 車両の走行中の運転者の加速意図を判断し、
前記加速意図が無いと判断した時に、前記車両のエンジンと駆動輪との間の動力伝達を遮断して前記車両を走行させる惰性走行の燃費低減効果と、前記車両の駆動輪の回転動力を電動機へ入力する減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果とのいずれが高いかを予測し、
前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果よりも高いと予測される場合に前記惰性走行を実行し、
前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果よりも高くないと予測される場合に前記減速エネルギ回生を実行する、
ことを特徴とする車両走行制御方法。 - 前記加速意図が無いと判断した時の前記車両の速度を検出し、
前記速度が速度閾値以上の場合に前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果よりも高いと予測し、前記速度が速度閾値未満の場合に前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果よりも高くないと予測する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両走行制御方法。 - 前記惰性走行の実行中に前記速度が前記閾値未満になった場合に前記惰性走行を続行することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両走行制御方法。
- 下り坂での前記減速エネルギ回生の実行中に前記速度が前記閾値以上になった場合に前記減速エネルギ回生を続行することを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の車両走行制御方法。
- 前記加速意図が無いと判断した時の、前記惰性走行の停止要因となりうる対象物と前記車両との間の距離と相対速度とを検出し、
前記距離と前記相対速度とに応じて、前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果よりも高いか否かを予測する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両走行制御方法。 - 前記距離と前記相対速度のいずれか一方に応じて前記距離と前記相対速度のいずれか他方の閾値を決定し、
前記いずれか他方と前記閾値との比較結果に応じて前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果よりも高いか否かを予測する、
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の車両走行制御方法。 - 前記対象物は、前記車両の前を走行する先行車であることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の車両走行制御方法。
- 前記対象物は前記車両の進路に存在する赤信号であり、前記相対速度は前記車両の走行速度であることを特徴とする、請求項5又は6に記載の車両走行制御方法。
- 前記対象物は、予め設定された前記車両の予定進路において前記車両が次に右折又は左折する交差点であり、前記相対速度は前記車両の走行速度であることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の車両走行制御方法。
- 運転者のアクセル踏込量を検出するアクセル踏込量検出装置と、
エンジン及び電動機と駆動輪との間で動力を伝達するクラッチ及び前記電動機を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記アクセル踏込量が無くなった時に、前記エンジンと前記駆動輪との間の動力伝達を遮断して車両を走行させる惰性走行の燃費低減効果と、前記駆動輪の回転動力を前記電動機へ入力する減速エネルギ回生による燃費低減効果のいずれが高いかを予測し、前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果よりも高いと予測される場合に前記クラッチにより前記エンジンと前記駆動輪を遮断し、前記惰性走行の燃費低減効果が前記減速エネルギ回生の燃費低減効果よりも高くないと予測される場合に前記クラッチにより前記電動機と前記駆動輪を接続する、
ことを特徴とする車両走行制御装置。
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