WO2017036400A1 - 可降解电容器及其制造方法 - Google Patents
可降解电容器及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017036400A1 WO2017036400A1 PCT/CN2016/097621 CN2016097621W WO2017036400A1 WO 2017036400 A1 WO2017036400 A1 WO 2017036400A1 CN 2016097621 W CN2016097621 W CN 2016097621W WO 2017036400 A1 WO2017036400 A1 WO 2017036400A1
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- Prior art keywords
- degradable
- layer
- metal oxide
- solid electrolyte
- capacitor
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/14—Organic dielectrics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/20—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electronics, and in particular to a degradable capacitor and a method of fabricating the same.
- Capacitors are devices that hold charge and are used extensively in electronic devices for isolation, coupling, bypassing, filtering, tuning loops, energy conversion, and energy storage in circuits.
- the proportion of capacitors is very large, and capacitors are the most difficult to degrade compared to other electronic wastes. Therefore, the prior art urgently needs to provide a degradable capacitor to alleviate the environmental pollution of the waste capacitor, and provide an effective way for realizing green electronics in the future.
- the present invention provides a degradable capacitor, wherein the capacitor includes: a first electrode layer; a degradable dielectric layer disposed on the first electrode layer and in contact with the first electrode layer; A second electrode layer disposed on the degradable dielectric layer and in contact with the degradable dielectric layer.
- the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a degradable capacitor, the method comprising: preparing a degradable dielectric layer; and forming a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on a lower surface and an upper surface of the degradable dielectric layer, respectively .
- the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a degradable capacitor, wherein the method comprises: preparing an encapsulation layer; forming a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on each of two surfaces of the encapsulation layer; A degradable dielectric layer is formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
- a degradable dielectric layer is disposed on the first electrode layer and in contact with the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer is disposed on the degradable dielectric layer and the degradable dielectric The layers are in contact to form the above-described degradable capacitor. Since the above-mentioned degradable capacitor of the present invention employs a degradable dielectric layer, it can be natural after its failure. The environment degrades itself without recycling, which not only does not pollute the environment, but also saves processing costs.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a degradable capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a degradable capacitor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a degradable capacitor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of fabricating a degradable capacitor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- a degradable capacitor provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first electrode layer 10; a degradable dielectric layer 20 disposed on the first electrode layer 10 and with the first electrode layer 10 And a second electrode layer 30 disposed on the degradable dielectric layer 20 and in contact with the degradable dielectric layer 20.
- the degradable dielectric layer 20 functions to store charges in the capacitor, and separates the first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode layer 30.
- the degradable capacitor layer is used in the above-mentioned degradable capacitor of the present invention, it can degrade itself in the natural environment without recycling after it fails, and not only does not pollute the environment, but also saves processing costs.
- the capacitor is encapsulated by a degradable encapsulating material. Pass The capacitor is packaged using a degradable encapsulating material to form an encapsulation layer 40 surrounding the first electrode layer 10, the degradable dielectric layer 20, and the second electrode layer 30 to protect the capacitor structure.
- the encapsulation layer 40 can be formed by a lamination method, a coating method, or the like.
- the thickness of the encapsulation layer 40 may range between 10 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m.
- the degradable encapsulating material is selected from one or more of the following: collagen, gelatin, elastin, silk fibroin, spider silk protein, sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, polycaprolactone, polyanhydride, Polylactic acid and medical degradable polyester.
- the material of the first electrode layer 10 and/or the second electrode layer 30 is magnesium, a magnesium-based magnesium alloy, an iron-based alloy or a titanium alloy.
- the iron-based alloy may be, for example, medical stainless steel or the like.
- the first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode layer 30 may be made of the same material or different materials.
- At least one of the first electrode layer 10, the degradable dielectric layer 20, and the second electrode layer 30 has a thickness ranging between 10 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m.
- the degradable dielectric layer 20 is a degradable polymer film.
- the preparation material of the degradable polymer film is selected from one or more of the following: collagen, gelatin, elastin, silk fibroin, spider silk protein, sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, Polycaprolactone, polyanhydride, polylactic acid and medical degradable polyester.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a degradable capacitor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the encapsulation layer 40, the first electrode layer 10, and the second electrode layer 30 are the same as the encapsulation layer 40, the first electrode layer 10, and the second electrode layer 30 shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG.
- the degradable capacitor structure is different in that the degradable dielectric layer 20 includes a first metal oxide layer 201, a degradable solid electrolyte layer 202, and a second metal oxide layer 203, wherein:
- a lower surface of the first metal oxide layer 201 is in contact with an upper surface of the first electrode 10; a lower surface of the degradable solid electrolyte layer 202 is in contact with an upper surface of the first metal oxide layer 201, An upper surface of the degradable solid electrolyte layer 202 is in contact with a lower surface of the second metal oxide layer 203; an upper surface of the second metal oxide layer 203 is in contact with a lower surface of the second electrode 30.
- the material of the first metal oxide layer 201 and/or the second metal oxide layer 203 is nano zinc oxide.
- the degradable solid electrolyte layer 202 may be degradable high
- the molecular material is prepared by mixing a solution, wherein the mixed solution is a mixed solution of an acid, a base and a metal salt.
- the above degradable polymer material may be selected from one or more of the following: polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl orthosilicate, polylactic acid, hyaluronic acid, polycaprolactone, and polyanhydride.
- the above acid may be sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid or hydrochloric acid.
- the above base may be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the above salt may be sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium chlorate, disodium hydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
- the solvent of the above solution may be water.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of fabricating a degradable capacitor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, a method for manufacturing a degradable capacitor provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
- the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may be formed on the degradable dielectric layer by sputtering.
- a degradable capacitor can be formed by preparing a degradable dielectric layer and forming a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on the lower surface and the upper surface of the degradable dielectric layer, respectively. Since a degradable dielectric layer is used in the process of manufacturing a degradable capacitor using the above-described manufacturing method of the present invention, it can be degraded in a natural environment without recycling after the capacitor fails. Thus, the degradable capacitor manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention not only does not pollute the environment, but also saves processing costs.
- the method further comprises:
- the protection of the capacitor structure can be achieved by encapsulating the capacitor laminate structure.
- the degradable encapsulating material is selected from one or more of the following: collagen, gelatin, elastin, silk fibroin, spider silk protein, sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, polycaprolactone, poly Anhydride, polylactic acid and medically degradable polyester.
- the degradable dielectric layer may be a degradable polymer film.
- the degradable polymer film can be melt stretched, calendered, and coated after dissolution.
- the method is prepared by the method, and the invention is not limited thereto.
- the preparation material of the degradable polymer film is selected from one or more of the following: collagen, gelatin, elastin, silk fibroin, spider silk protein, sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, Polycaprolactone, polyanhydride, polylactic acid and medical degradable polyester.
- the degradable dielectric layer may include a first metal oxide layer, a degradable solid electrolyte layer, and a second metal oxide layer, wherein preparing the degradable dielectric layer comprises:
- the degradable solid electrolyte layer Preparing the degradable solid electrolyte layer, wherein the degradable solid electrolyte layer can be prepared by a coating method (see examples below);
- a metal oxide material is coated on the lower surface and the upper surface of the degradable solid electrolyte layer to form the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer, respectively.
- the degradable dielectric layer may include a first metal oxide layer, a degradable solid electrolyte layer, and a second metal oxide layer, wherein preparing the degradable dielectric layer comprises:
- the degradable solid electrolyte layer Preparing the degradable solid electrolyte layer, wherein the degradable solid electrolyte layer can be prepared by a coating method (see examples below);
- the surfaces of the respective uncoated metal oxide materials of the two degradable solid electrolyte layers are pasted oppositely to form the two degradable solid electrolyte layers together.
- the metal oxide material can be obtained by dispersing the high-pressure hydrothermally grown metal oxide nanostructure in water, and the adhesion of the two degradable solid electrolyte layers can be achieved by using a solid electrolyte solution, but the present invention Not limited to this.
- the degradable dielectric layer may include a first metal oxide layer, a degradable solid electrolyte layer, and a second metal oxide layer, wherein preparing the degradable dielectric layer comprises:
- the metal oxide material is separately grown on the two substrates by hydrothermal method
- a surface of each of the two degradable solid electrolyte layers that is not in contact with the metal oxide material is pasted oppositely to form the two degradable solid electrolyte layers together.
- the substrate may be a silicon substrate
- the growth of the metal oxide material may be achieved by hydrothermal method
- the bonding of the two degradable solid electrolyte layers may be achieved by using a solid electrolyte solution, but the invention is not limited thereto.
- a method for manufacturing a degradable capacitor according to another embodiment of the present invention includes:
- the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may be formed on the encapsulation layer by sputtering.
- the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are respectively formed on one surface of each of the two encapsulation layers, and a degradable dielectric layer is formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, thereby being formed Degrading capacitors. Since the degradable dielectric layer is used in the process of manufacturing the degradable capacitor by using the above-described manufacturing method of the present invention, it can be degraded in the natural environment after the capacitor is failed without recycling, thereby not only not polluting the environment, but also saving. Processing costs.
- the degradable dielectric layer comprises a first metal oxide layer, a degradable solid electrolyte layer and a second metal oxide layer.
- step S404 includes:
- the degradable solid electrolyte layers respectively formed on the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer are pasted oppositely to form two of the degradable solid electrolyte layers together.
- the metal oxide material may be gold grown by high pressure hydrothermal method.
- the oxide nanostructures are obtained by dispersing in water, and the adhesion between the degradable solid electrolyte layers can be achieved by using a solid electrolyte solution.
- the degradation time of the degradable capacitor can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the coated degradable encapsulating material, or by selecting a different encapsulating material, or changing the ratio of the materials.
- a degradable polymer film is used as a degradable dielectric layer to fabricate a degradable capacitor.
- a polylactic acid film i.e., a degradable dielectric layer was formed.
- the above film was placed in an oven and dried by heating at 50 ° C for 24 hours. After the metal magnesium is sputtered on both surfaces of the film (that is, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are formed), and the electrode is led out with a magnesium ribbon, a polylactic acid (0.1 g/mL) solution is uniformly applied to the surface of the material ( That is, the encapsulation layer is formed, and the degradable capacitor is obtained after drying.
- the degradable dielectric layer includes a first metal oxide layer, a degradable solid electrolyte layer, and a second metal oxide layer.
- a polyvinyl alcohol (0.1 g/mL) solution was uniformly applied to the surface of the above material (i.e., an encapsulation layer was formed), and the degradable capacitor was obtained after drying.
- the degradable dielectric layer comprises a first metal oxide layer, degradable solid state electricity a cleavage layer and a second metal oxide layer.
- the zinc oxide nanowires are prepared by a high pressure hydrothermal process (ie, forming a metal oxide material to be coated). 2 g of polyvinyl alcohol particles were weighed and dissolved in 10 ml of a 0.1 M potassium chloride solution, and dissolved well under room temperature. The above solution was applied to a Teflon substrate and dried to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol film (i.e., an encapsulation layer was formed). A 316 medical stainless steel (i.e., an electrode layer was formed) was sputtered on the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol film, and the electrode was led out with a magnesium tape.
- a high pressure hydrothermal process ie, forming a metal oxide material to be coated.
- the obtained zinc oxide nanowires were applied to the surface of the electrode layer after water dispersion (i.e., formation of a metal oxide material to be coated) (concentration: 0.1 g/mL).
- a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and potassium chloride is applied to the surface of the zinc oxide nanowire (i.e., the degradable solid electrolyte layer is coated).
- the same two sheets of the polyvinyl alcohol film coated with the above materials are respectively placed on one side of the degradable solid electrolyte layer, and the mixture is bonded by a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and potassium chloride, and heated at 60 ° C. In hours, it is completely dried, that is, the degradable capacitor is obtained.
- the degradable dielectric layer includes a first metal oxide layer, a degradable solid electrolyte layer, and a second metal oxide layer.
- the zinc oxide nanowires are grown hydrothermally on the silicon substrate (ie, the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer are formed).
- 2 g of polyvinyl alcohol particles were weighed and dissolved in 10 ml of a 0.1 M aqueous sodium chloride solution, and sufficiently stirred at 60 ° C to dissolve.
- the mixed solution was uniformly applied to the surface of the hydrothermally grown zinc oxide nanowire (i.e., coated with the degradable solid electrolyte layer), and then allowed to stand at 60 ° C for 24 hours to sufficiently evaporate the water.
- the above structure is peeled off from the silicon substrate.
- the surfaces of the same two sheets of the polyvinyl alcohol layer each having no metal oxide layer formed were placed opposite each other, and the mixture was adhered by a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium chloride, and then heated at 60 ° C for 24 hours to be completely dried. Magnesium is sputtered on both surfaces of the above material (i.e., the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are formed). After the electrode was exported with a magnesium ribbon, a polylactic acid (0.1 g/mL) solution was uniformly applied to the surface of the above material (i.e., an encapsulation layer was formed), and the degradable capacitor was obtained after drying.
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Abstract
本发明涉及电子领域，公开了一种可降解电容器及其制造方法。其中，该可降解电容器包括；第一电极层；可降解电介质层，设置在所述第一电极层上并与所述第一电极层接触；以及第二电极层，设置在所述可降解电介质层上并与所述可降解电介质层接触。本发明上述的可降解电容器由于采用了可降解材料，所以在其失效后能够在自然环境中自行降解，无需回收，降低了成本。
Description
本发明涉及电子领域，具体地，涉及一种可降解电容器及其制造方法。
现代生活中，随着电子设备的更新换代，相应地产生了大量的电子废弃物，这样的电子废弃物作为污染源会严重危害生态环境。电容器是一种容纳电荷的器件，在电子设备中被大量使用，可用于电路中的隔直通交、耦合、旁路、滤波、调谐回路，能量转换和储能等方面。在电子废弃物中，电容器的占比量非常大，而相比于其他电子废弃物，电容器又是最难于降解的。因此，现有技术亟需提供一种可降解的电容器，以缓解废弃电容器对环境的污染，为未来实现绿色电子学提供有效途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可降解电容器及其制造方法，以解决现有技术中废弃电容器污染环境的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种可降解电容器，其中，该电容器包括：第一电极层；可降解电介质层，设置在所述第一电极层上并与所述第一电极层接触；以及第二电极层，设置在所述可降解电介质层上并与所述可降解电介质层接触。
本发明还提供了一种可降解电容器制造方法，其中，该方法包括：制备可降解电介质层；以及在所述可降解电介质层的下表面和上表面分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层。
本发明还提供了一种可降解电容器制造方法，其中，该方法包括：制备封装层；在两个所述封装层各自的一个表面上分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层；以及在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间形成可降解电介质层。
通过上述技术方案，将可降解电介质层设置在所述第一电极层上并与所述第一电极层接触，将第二电极层设置在所述可降解电介质层上并与所述可降解电介质层接触，从而构成上述的可降解电容器。由于本发明上述的可降解电容器中采用了可降解的电介质层，所以在其失效后能够在自然
环境中自行降解而无需回收，不仅不会对环境造成污染，同时还节约了处理成本。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明一种实施方式的可降解电容器的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明另一种实施方式的可降解电容器的结构示意图；
图3是根据本发明一种实施方式的可降解电容器制造方法的流程图；以及
图4是根据本发明另一种实施方式的可降解电容器制造方法的流程图。
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
图1是根据本发明一种实施方式的可降解电容器的结构示意图。如图1所示，本发明一种实施方式提供的可降解电容器包括：第一电极层10；可降解电介质层20，设置在所述第一电极层10上并与所述第一电极层10接触；以及第二电极层30，设置在所述可降解电介质层20上并与所述可降解电介质层20接触。
其中，可降解电介质层20在该电容器中起到储存电荷的作用，并将所述第一电极层10和所述第二电极层30相隔开。
通过将可降解电介质层设置在所述第一电极层上并与所述第一电极层接触，将第二电极层设置在所述可降解电介质层上并与所述可降解电介质层接触，从而构成上述的可降解电容器。由于本发明上述的可降解电容器中采用了可降解的电介质层，所以在其失效后能够在自然环境中自行降解而无需回收，不仅不会对环境造成污染，同时还节约了处理成本。
根据本发明一种实施方式，所述电容器由可降解封装材料封装。通过
使用可降解封装材料对电容器进行封装，从而形成围绕第一电极层10、可降解电介质层20和第二电极层30的封装层40，以对电容器结构进行保护。
其中，可以通过压膜法和涂布法等来形成所述封装层40。所述封装层40的厚度范围可以在10μm-1000μm之间。可降解封装材料选自以下中的一者或多者：胶原、明胶、弹性蛋白、丝素蛋白、蛛丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、透明质酸、聚己内酯、聚酸酐、聚乳酸和医用可降解聚酯。
根据本发明一种实施方式，所述第一电极层10和/或所述第二电极层30的材料为镁、基于镁的镁合金、铁基合金或钛合金。其中，铁基合金例如可以为医用不锈钢等。其中，所述第一电极层10和所述第二电极层30可以采用相同的材料或不同的材料。
根据本发明一种实施方式，所述第一电极层10、可降解电介质层20、以及所述第二电极层30中的至少一者的厚度范围在10μm-1000μm之间。
根据本发明一种实施方式，所述可降解电介质层20为可降解高分子薄膜。
其中，所述可降解高分子薄膜的制备材料选自以下中的一者或多者：胶原、明胶、弹性蛋白、丝素蛋白、蛛丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、透明质酸、聚己内酯、聚酸酐、聚乳酸和医用可降解聚酯。
图2是根据本发明另一种实施方式的可降解电容器的结构示意图。在图2中，封装层40、第一电极层10以及第二电极层30与图1中所示的封装层40、第一电极层10以及第二电极层30相同，与图1中所示的可降解电容器结构的不同之处在于，所述可降解电介质层20包括：第一金属氧化物层201、可降解固态电解质层202和第二金属氧化物层203，其中：
所述第一金属氧化物层201的下表面与所述第一电极10的上表面接触；所述可降解固态电解质层202的下表面与所述第一金属氧化物层201上表面接触，所述可降解固态电解质层202的上表面与所述第二金属氧化物层203的下表面接触；所述第二金属氧化物层203的上表面与所述第二电极30的下表面接触。
根据本发明一种实施方式，所述第一金属氧化物层201和/或所述第二金属氧化物层203的材料为纳米氧化锌。
根据本发明一种实施方式，可降解固态电解质层202可以由可降解高
分子材料与混合溶液制得，其中，该混合溶液为酸、碱及金属盐的混合溶液。
其中，上述的可降解高分子材料可以选自以下中的一者或多者：聚乙烯醇、正硅酸乙酯、聚乳酸、透明质酸、聚己内酯和聚酸酐。上述的酸可以为硫酸、磷酸、甲酸、乙酸、硝酸或盐酸。上述的碱可以为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。上述的盐可以为硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化锂、硝酸钠、氯酸钾、磷酸氢二钠或磷酸二氢钠等。上述的溶液的溶剂可以为水。
图3是根据本发明一种实施方式的可降解电容器制造方法的流程图。如图3所示，本发明一种实施方式提供的可降解电容器制造方法包括：
S300，制备可降解电介质层；以及
S302，在所述可降解电介质层的下表面和上表面分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层。
其中，所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层可以通过溅射的方式形成在所述可降解电介质层上。
通过制备可降解电介质层，并在所述可降解电介质层的下表面和上表面分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层，从而可以形成可降解电容器。由于使用本发明上述的制造方法制造可降解电容器的过程中采用了可降解的电介质层，所以在电容器失效后能够在自然环境中降解而无需回收。由此，采用本发明的制造方法制造的可降解电容器不仅不会对环境造成污染，同时还节约了处理成本。
在该方法中，该方法还包括：
S304，在所述可降解电介质层、所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层构成的层叠结构的四周涂覆可降解封装材料，以封装所述可降解电容器。
通过对电容器层叠结构进行封装，可以实现对电容器结构的保护。其中，可降解封装材料选自以下中的一者或多者：胶原、明胶、弹性蛋白、丝素蛋白、蛛丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、透明质酸、聚己内酯、聚酸酐、聚乳酸和医用可降解聚酯。
根据本发明一种实施方式，所述可降解电介质层可以为可降解高分子薄膜。其中可降解高分子薄膜可以采用熔融拉伸、压延成型、溶解后涂覆
等方法制得，本发明不对此进行限定。
其中，所述可降解高分子薄膜的制备材料选自以下中的一者或多者：胶原、明胶、弹性蛋白、丝素蛋白、蛛丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、透明质酸、聚己内酯、聚酸酐、聚乳酸和医用可降解聚酯。
在第一种可替换方式中，所述可降解电介质层可以包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，其中制备所述可降解电介质层包括：
制备所述可降解固态电解质层，其中可以利用涂覆法制得该可降解固态电解质层(参见下文实例)；
在所述可降解固态电解质层的下表面和上表面涂覆金属氧化物材料，以分别形成所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层。
在第二种可替换方式中，所述可降解电介质层可以包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，其中制备所述可降解电介质层包括：
制备所述可降解固态电解质层，其中可以利用涂覆法制得该可降解固态电解质层(参见下文实例)；
在两个所述可降解固态电解质层各自的一个表面上涂覆金属氧化物材料，以分别形成所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层；
将两个所述可降解固态电解质层各自的未涂覆金属氧化物材料的表面相对粘贴，以使两个所述可降解固态电解质层形成一个整体。
在该可替换方式中，金属氧化物材料可以由高压水热法生长的金属氧化物纳米结构在水中分散后得到，两个可降解固态电解质层的粘贴可以利用固态电解质溶液来实现，但本发明不限于此。
在第三种可替换方式中，所述可降解电介质层可以包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，其中制备所述可降解电介质层包括：
利用水热法在两个基底上分别生长金属氧化物材料；
在所生长的金属氧化物材料上旋涂可降解固态电解质层；
将旋涂有可降解固态电解质层的金属氧化物材料从所述两个基底上分离；
将两个所述可降解固态电解质层各自的未与金属氧化物材料接触的表面相对粘贴，以使两个所述可降解固态电解质层形成一个整体。
在该可替换方式中，基底可以为硅基底，金属氧化物材料的生长可以通过利用水热法实现，两个可降解固态电解质层的粘贴可以利用固态电解质溶液来实现，但本发明不限于此。
图4是根据本发明另一种实施方式的可降解电容器制造方法的流程图。如图4所示，本发明另一种实施方式提供的可降解电容器制造方法包括：
S400，制备封装层；
S402，在两个所述封装层各自的一个表面上分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层；以及
S404，在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间形成可降解电介质层。
其中，所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层可以通过溅射的方式形成在封装层上。
通过在两个封装层各自的一个表面上分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层，并在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间形成可降解电介质层，从而可以形成可降解电容器。由于使用本发明上述的制造方法制造可降解电容器的过程中采用了可降解的电介质层，所以在电容器失效后能够在自然环境中降解而无需回收，不仅不会对环境造成污染，同时还节约了处理成本。
其中，所述可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层。
在该方法中，步骤S404包括：
S4040，在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层各自的表面涂覆金属氧化物材料，以分别形成所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层；
S4042，在所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层各自的表面分别涂覆可降解固态电解质层；
S4044，将分别形成在所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层上的可降解固态电解质层相对粘贴，以使两个所述可降解固态电解质层形成一个整体。
与上述实施方式类似地，金属氧化物材料可以由高压水热法生长的金
属氧化物纳米结构在水中分散后得到，可降解固态电解质层之间的粘贴可以利用固态电解质溶液来实现。
虽然本发明上述对所述可降解电介质层的结构和制备进行了描述，但上述内容仅仅是示例性的，并非用于限定本发明。并且，在本发明中，对于材料的描述仅仅是示例性的，并非用于限定本发明。
此外，对于可降解电容器的降解时间，可以通过控制所涂覆的可降解封装材料的厚度，或通过对不同封装材料的选择，或改变材料的配比来控制。
下面结合实例描述本发明的可降解电容器制造方法。
实例1
在本实例中，采用可降解高分子薄膜作为可降解电介质层来制造可降解电容器。
称取1g聚乳酸颗粒溶解于10ml氯仿中，室温条件下充分搅拌溶解。将上述溶液旋涂于玻璃基板上，得到聚乳酸薄膜(即，形成可降解电介质层)。将上述薄膜放于烘箱中50℃加热烘干24小时。在上述薄膜两个表面分别溅射金属镁(即，形成第一电极层和第二电极层)，并用镁带将电极导出后，在上述材料表面均匀涂抹聚乳酸(0.1g/mL)溶液(即，形成封装层)，烘干后即得所述可降解电容器。
实例2
在本实例中，可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层。
称取1g聚乙烯醇颗粒溶解于10ml的10wt％的硫酸溶液中，室温条件下充分搅拌溶解。将上述溶液涂覆于特氟龙基板上，充分干燥后揭下，得到聚乙烯醇薄膜(即，形成可降解固态电解质层)。在所述聚乙烯醇薄膜两个表面分别依次溅射氧化锌和金属镁(即，形成第一金属氧化物层和第二金属氧化物层以及第一电极层和第二电极层)。用镁带将电极导出后，在上述材料表面均匀涂抹聚乙烯醇(0.1g/mL)溶液(即，形成封装层)，烘干后即得所述可降解电容器。
实例3
在本实例中，可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电
解质层和第二金属氧化物层。
利用高压水热法制备氧化锌纳米线(即，形成将要涂覆的金属氧化物材料)。称取2g聚乙烯醇颗粒溶解于10ml的0.1M氯化钾溶液中，室温条件下充分搅拌溶解。将上述溶液涂覆于特氟龙基板上，烘干得到聚乙烯醇薄膜(即，形成封装层)。在聚乙烯醇薄膜表面溅射316医用不锈钢(即，形成电极层)，用镁带将电极导出。将所得氧化锌纳米线用水分散(即，形成将要涂覆的金属氧化物材料)后(浓度为0.1g/mL)涂覆于所述电极层表面。充分干燥后将聚乙烯醇与氯化钾混合溶液涂覆于氧化锌纳米线表面(即，涂覆可降解固态电解质层)。然后将相同两片涂覆有上述材料的聚乙烯醇薄膜各自的涂覆可降解固态电解质层的一面相对放置，利用聚乙烯醇与氯化钾混合溶液将其粘合后，60℃中加热24小时，使其完全干燥，即得所述可降解电容器。
实例4
在本实例中，可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层。
在硅基底上利用水热法生长氧化锌纳米线(即，形成第一金属氧化物层和第二金属氧化物层)。称取2g聚乙烯醇颗粒溶解于10ml0.1M氯化钠水溶液中，60℃条件下充分搅拌使其溶解。将上述混合溶液混匀涂覆于水热法生长的氧化锌纳米线表面(即，涂覆可降解固态电解质层)后，60℃放置24小时，使水分充分挥发。将上述结构从硅基底上揭离。将相同两片聚乙烯醇层各自的未形成金属氧化物层的表面相对放置，利用聚乙烯醇与氯化钠混合溶液将其粘合后，60℃中加热24小时，使其完全干燥。在上述材料两个表面溅射镁(即，形成第一电极层和第二电极层)。用镁带将电极导出后，在上述材料表面均匀涂抹聚乳酸(0.1g/mL)溶液(即，形成封装层)，烘干后即得所述可降解电容器。
本领域技术人员应当理解，上述实例仅仅是示例性的，并非用于限定本发明。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范
围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (17)
- 一种可降解电容器，其特征在于，该可降解电容器包括：第一电极层；可降解电介质层，设置在所述第一电极层上并与所述第一电极层接触；以及第二电极层，设置在所述可降解电介质层上并与所述可降解电介质层接触。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电容器，其特征在于，所述电容器由可降解封装材料封装。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的电容器，其特征在于，所述第一电极层和/或所述第二电极层的材料为镁、基于镁的镁合金、铁基合金或钛合金。
- 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电容器，其特征在于，所述第一电极层、可降解电介质层、以及所述第二电极层中的至少一者的厚度范围在10μm-1000μm之间。
- 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电容器，其特征在于，所述可降解电介质层为可降解高分子薄膜。
- 根据权利要求5所述的电容器，其特征在于，所述可降解高分子薄膜的制备材料选自以下中的一者或多者：胶原、明胶、弹性蛋白、丝素蛋白、蛛丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、透明质酸、聚己内酯、聚酸酐、聚乳酸和医用可降解聚酯。
- 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电容器，其特征在于，所述可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，其中，所述第一金属氧化物层的下表面与所述第一电极的上表面接触；所述可降解固态电解质层的下表面与所述第一金属氧化物层上表面接触，所述可降解固态电解质层的上表面与所述第二金属氧化物层的下表面接触；所述第二金属氧化物层的上表面与所述第二电极的下表面接触。
- 根据权利要求7所述的电容器，其特征在于，所述第一金属氧化 物层和/或所述第二金属氧化物层的材料为纳米氧化锌。
- 一种可降解电容器制造的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：制备可降解电介质层；以及在所述可降解电介质层的下表面和上表面分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括：在所述可降解电介质层、所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层构成的层叠结构的四周涂覆可降解封装材料，以封装所述可降解电容器。
- 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可降解电介质层为可降解高分子薄膜。
- 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可降解高分子薄膜的制备材料选自以下中的一者或多者：胶原、明胶、弹性蛋白、丝素蛋白、蛛丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、透明质酸、聚己内酯、聚酸酐、聚乳酸和医用可降解聚酯。
- 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，其中制备所述可降解电介质层包括：制备所述可降解固态电解质层；在所述可降解固态电解质层的下表面和上表面涂覆金属氧化物材料，以分别形成所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层。
- 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，其中制备所述可降解电介质层包括：制备所述可降解固态电解质层；在两个所述可降解固态电解质层各自的一个表面上涂覆金属氧化物材料，以分别形成所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层；将两个所述可降解固态电解质层各自的未涂覆金属氧化物材料的表面相对粘贴，以使两个所述可降解固态电解质层形成一个整体。
- 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可降解电 介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，其中制备所述可降解电介质层包括：利用水热法在两个基底上分别生长金属氧化物材料；在所生长的金属氧化物材料上涂覆可降解固态电解质层；将旋涂有可降解固态电解质层的金属氧化物材料从所述两个基底上分离；将两个所述可降解固态电解质层各自的未与金属氧化物材料接触的表面相对粘贴，以使两个所述可降解固态电解质层形成一个整体。
- 一种可降解电容器制造的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括：制备封装层；在两个所述封装层各自的一个表面上分别形成第一电极层和第二电极层；以及在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间形成可降解电介质层。
- 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可降解电介质层包括第一金属氧化物层、可降解固态电解质层和第二金属氧化物层，在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间形成可降解电介质层包括：在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层各自的表面涂覆金属氧化物材料，以分别形成所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层；在所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层各自的表面分别涂覆可降解固态电解质层；将分别形成在所述第一金属氧化物层和所述第二金属氧化物层上的可降解固态电解质层相对粘贴，以使两个所述可降解固态电解质层形成一个整体。
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