WO2017031627A1 - 一种拼装建筑结构、墙板安装吊具及拼装建筑施工方法 - Google Patents

一种拼装建筑结构、墙板安装吊具及拼装建筑施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017031627A1
WO2017031627A1 PCT/CN2015/087785 CN2015087785W WO2017031627A1 WO 2017031627 A1 WO2017031627 A1 WO 2017031627A1 CN 2015087785 W CN2015087785 W CN 2015087785W WO 2017031627 A1 WO2017031627 A1 WO 2017031627A1
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Prior art keywords
wall panel
strip
fixed
column
wall
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PCT/CN2015/087785
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈敬全
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陈敬全
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Application filed by 陈敬全 filed Critical 陈敬全
Priority to PCT/CN2015/087785 priority Critical patent/WO2017031627A1/zh
Publication of WO2017031627A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017031627A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to building technology, in particular to a building structure and a construction method which are convenient for construction and cost-saving.
  • a fixing method in the prior art is that the side wall panel is fixedly connected with the steel column.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the carding device is exposed outside the wall and needs to be decorated. And since the wall panel and the column are closely attached, there is no operation space when installed.
  • the wall panel lifting installation has to solve two problems: one is that the lifting height is not enough, and the other is that the wall panel must be directly below the beam.
  • Wall panel installation is generally carried out after the completion of the slab construction.
  • the quality of the wallboard 610mm*3000mm is about 190kg, because the height of the wallboard is 3000mm, the height of the wall is 3300mm, the height of the wall is 3000mm, the height of the beam is 300mm, the height of the wallboard is only 300mm, and the height of the wall is not enough.
  • Connector length In particular, the interior wall panels are hoisted, and due to the narrow installation space, general lifting machinery is difficult to display. Due to the long wall panel and high center of gravity, it is difficult to control during installation.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an assembled building structure and a construction method which are convenient in construction and cost-effective.
  • the secondary object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the installation space of the wall panel is very narrow, and the wall panel must be installed directly under the beam, and a mounting spreader is provided.
  • Embodiments provide an assembled building structure comprising a base surface, a column, a beam and a wall panel, the column and the beam are strip-shaped metal materials having a certain cross-sectional shape, and the base surface, the column and the beam are assembled to form a plurality of plane frames , the wall
  • the plate is fixed in the frame, and the thickness of the wall plate is substantially the same as the corresponding direction of the column and the beam;
  • the wall plate and the beam are connected by a plurality of strip connectors, each of the strips
  • the lower side of the connecting member can be embedded in the top end of the wall panel for fixing, and the upper side of each of the strip connecting members is fixed to the cross beam;
  • the wall panel and the vertical column are connected by a plurality of strip connecting members
  • the inner side of each of the strip connectors can be fixed on the outer side of the wall panel, and the outer side of each of the strip connectors is fixed to the column; the joint between the base surface and the wall panel is filled with concrete.
  • the beam is an I-beam or an H-beam
  • the column is an I-beam or an H-beam
  • the bottom end surface of the wall panel is embedded with a plurality of strip-shaped connecting members, and a plurality of base reinforcing bars are reserved on the base surface, and the base reinforcing bars are connected to the bottom end of the wallboard.
  • the pieces are fixedly connected and the joints are located in the filled concrete.
  • the strip connector between the wall panel and the beam is a steel or a screw.
  • the open end of the wall panel is fixed with a reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate completely or partially encloses the outer end surface of the wall panel, and each of the strip connecting members passes through the reinforcing plate.
  • the wall panel comprises an outer side panel and an inner filling material
  • the reinforcing plate has a U-shaped cross section
  • the reinforcing plate is inserted between the panel and the inner filling material on both sides
  • the reinforcing plate has two sides The panel is fixedly connected.
  • the strip-shaped connecting member between the wall panel and the column is a steel column, and the plurality of steel columns are fixed to the column at intervals, and the plurality of steel columns are fixed at one end thereof.
  • the wall panel is provided with a plurality of assembly holes, and the other end of the steel column can be inserted into the assembly hole for fixing.
  • the beam comprises an intermediate web and wings at both ends, the web dividing the wing into an interior and an exterior, the inside and the outside of the wing abutting the wall panel There are a plurality of through holes through which the strip connectors are fixed to the wall panel, and the through holes inside and outside the flaps are misaligned.
  • a plurality of wall panels are fixed in the plane frame, and each of the wall panels is connected to an adjacent wall panel by a side connecting buckle, and a window is formed in the plane frame to reduce at least one wall panel.
  • the base reinforcing bar and the bottom end strip connecting member of the wall panel are connected by a connecting reinforcing bar and a binding mechanism, and the connecting reinforcing bar is perpendicular to the base reinforcing bar and the bottom end of the wall panel.
  • Strip connector
  • the embodiment also provides a wall panel mounting method, including the steps of:
  • a plurality of through holes are formed on the outer side of the outer wall panel to correspond to the strip connecting members fixed to the column;
  • the top surface of the wall panel is aligned with the beam, and a plurality of strip connectors are passed through the beam and embedded in the wall panel for fixing;
  • Embodiments further provide a wall panel mounting spreader comprising a power reel, a bracket, a traction rope, a fixed pulley and a balance bar;
  • the power reel is mounted on the bracket, the bracket height is slightly lower than the building layer height,
  • the fixed pulley is mounted on the top of the bracket, one end of the traction rope is wound around the power reel, and the other end of the traction rope is connected to the balance bar after bypassing the fixed pulley, and one end of the balance rod a connecting end, the other end is a balanced end, the connecting end is fixed to the lifting hole of the wall panel, the lifting hole is located at the upper part of the wall panel, but the lifting hole is at a certain distance from the end of the wall panel;
  • a balance rope is connected to the balance end.
  • the inventors have found through repeated research and found that the high-strength and firmness of the heavy steel structure is fully utilized, and the widths of the columns, beams and super-light wall panels of the steel structure are designed to be equal in thickness, and The super lightweight wall panel is embedded in the steel structure, so that the steel structure and the wall panel become a plane inside and outside, thus saving the inner and outer keels of the wall panel.
  • the wall plate inserting and fixing structure provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to be keel structure in the external wall fixing relative to the wall panel external construction, and the inner wall decoration does not need to make the keel fixed wall surface, and the surface can be directly surfaced. Decoration can even save the wall decoration.
  • the cost of labor and materials is greatly reduced, the construction period is short, and the wall occupation area is small, especially in areas with high labor costs, which can reduce high labor costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a assembled building structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing the structure of FIG.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing the structure of B in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a assembled building structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a side structure when a wall panel and a beam are connected.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a assembled building structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a wall panel and a beam connected.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the assembled building structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a bottom view when the wall panel and the beam are connected.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an assembled building structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a side structure when a wall panel is connected with a column.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an assembled building structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a side of a column connection.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an assembled building structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is an embodiment of a mounting spreader.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the assembled building structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, which is another side of the embodiment of the mounting spreader.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the assembled building structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Base surface 1 base steel bar 11, concrete 12, beam 2, wing 21, web 22, wall panel 3, panel 31, filler material 32, reinforcing plate 33, column 4, floor panel 5, roof 6, first Connecting member 71, second connecting member 72, connecting reinforcing bar 73, third connecting member 74, power reel 81, balance bar 82, fixed pulley 83, lock female 84, bracket 85, connecting plate 86, traction rope 87, counterweight 88, cart 9, guardrail 91.
  • orientations of the upper, lower, top, and bottom in the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the relative positional relationship between the components, and are not intended to limit the specific mounting orientation of the components in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an assembled building structure, which mainly comprises a base surface, a beam, a wall panel and a column.
  • the column and the beam are strip-shaped metal materials having a certain cross-sectional shape, such as an I-beam or an H-shaped steel, and of course, may also be light. Aluminium or resin composite profiles.
  • the base surface is generally the foundation or floor of the building.
  • Wall panels can be selected as lightweight partition panels, generally with a standard width, but the length can be cut as needed.
  • the lightweight partition board can be a new type of energy-saving wall material, which is a wall material like a hollow floor, the outer surface of which can be a steel plate or a resin synthetic finish layer, and the inner layer is provided with a reasonable layout of heat insulation.
  • a plurality of plane frames can be assembled in a building or a building exterior wall by a base surface, a plurality of columns and a plurality of beams, and the plane frames generally correspond to the outer frame of the outer wall or the inner wall of the building.
  • the surface is located at the bottom, generally two columns are located on both sides, and the beam is located at the top, and the two sides of the beam are fixedly connected with the columns on both sides.
  • the thickness of the wall panel 3 can be made by using the connection structure given.
  • the corresponding dimensions of the column 4 and the beam 2 are substantially the same, that is, the facade of the wall panel 3 and the column 4, the beam 2 and the façade are kept flush, so as to facilitate the wall decoration treatment, and no further work is required. Leveling or special decoration treatment.
  • each strip-shaped connecting member can be embedded in the top end of the wall panel 3 for fixing, the upper side of each strip-shaped connecting member is fixed to the beam 2;
  • the inner side of each strip-shaped connecting member can be embedded in the outer side of the wall panel 3 for fixing, and the outer side of each strip-shaped connecting member is fixed to the column 4; 1
  • the joint with the wall panel 3 is fixed in such a manner as to fill the concrete 12.
  • the manner in which the wall panel 3 is connected to the beam 2 and the column 4 can also be referred to as a plug-in method.
  • the wall plate inserting and fixing structure provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to be keel structure in the external wall fixing relative to the wall panel external construction, and the inner wall decoration does not need to make the keel fixed wall surface, and the surface can be directly surfaced. Decoration can even save the wall decoration.
  • the cost of labor and materials is greatly reduced, the construction period is short, and the wall occupation area is small, especially in areas with high labor costs, which can reduce high labor costs.
  • FIG. 1 a partial cross-sectional view of a particular architectural embodiment is shown, the structure of which can be seen in detail, the base 1, the plurality of beams 2 and the plurality of columns 4 (the columns 4 see Figures 7 and 8) in the building
  • the inner frame can be assembled to form a plurality of plane frames, which generally correspond to the outer frame of the outer wall or inner wall of the building, the base surface 1 is located at the bottom, generally two columns 4 are located on both sides, and the beam 2 is located at the top, the beam 2 is two The side is fixedly connected to the two side pillars 4.
  • the upper portion of the beam 2 can be used to support the roof 6.
  • the beam 2 can be an I-beam, and the column 4 can be an H-shaped steel.
  • the common beam 2 includes an intermediate web 22 and wings 21 at both ends.
  • the web 22 divides the wing 21 into an inner portion and an outer portion.
  • the inner and outer portions of the wing plate 21 abutting the wall panel 3 are provided with a plurality of through holes and strips.
  • the connecting piece is fixed to the wall panel 3 through the through hole, and the through holes inside and outside the flap 21 are misaligned.
  • the wall panel 3 itself is a waterproof board
  • the outer wall panel 3 joint is provided with an elastic rubber strip or a flexible waterproof glue
  • the outer wall joint is brushed with waterproof paint
  • the wall panel 3 includes a panel 31 on the outer side and an inner filling material 32. For the lightweight panel 3 having low strength inside the panel 3, there is no way to directly insert the brazing.
  • the reinforcing U-shaped groove plate that is, the reinforcing plate 33
  • the material of the wall plate 3 is attached to the reinforcing plate 33 to be integrated.
  • a reinforcing plate 33 may be fixed on the open end faces of the wall panel 3.
  • the reinforcing plate 33 may be a U-shaped steel plate having a cross section, and the two sides of the reinforcing plate 33 are inserted between the panel 31 and the inner filling material 32, and the two sides of the reinforcing plate 33 and the panel 31 are The connection can be made by riveting or screwing.
  • the reinforcing plate 33 can enclose the outer end surface of the wall panel 3 inside, and each of the strip-shaped connecting members passes through the reinforcing plate 33.
  • Plane frame A plurality of wall panels 3 are defined, and each wall panel 3 is connected to the adjacent wall panel 3 by a side connecting buckle.
  • the window frame is formed by reducing at least one wall panel 3 in the plane frame. In this way, each wall panel 3 in a plane frame can be sequentially fixed inwardly from the two side pillars 4, and finally the window position is left.
  • the wall panel 3 and the beam 2 can be connected by a plurality of first connecting members 71.
  • the first connecting member 71 can be steel brazing, steel bar or long screw, and the screw can be selected as Drilling screw.
  • the lower side of each of the first connecting members 71 can be embedded in the top end of the wall panel 3 for fixing, and the upper side of the first connecting member 71 is fixed to the cross member 2.
  • the steel brazing embodiment can be selected by bending or by using the riveting principle, and the head having a larger outer diameter of the upper side of the steel brazing is obtained by hammering, thereby being stuck outside the through hole.
  • the screw embodiment can be directly clamped to the outside of the through hole with a screw head.
  • the wall panel 3 and the pillar 4 can also be connected by a plurality of strip connectors, wherein the strip connector is defined as a third connector 74, and each of the third connectors 74 is inside. It can be embedded in the outer side of the wall panel 3 for fixing, and the outer side of each of the third connecting members 74 can be fixed to the pillar 4 by assembly or welding.
  • the connection between the wall panel 3 and the column 4 can also be referred to as a plug-in method.
  • the third connecting member 74 can be a steel column, and one end of the steel column is formed with an external thread, and a plurality of internally threaded holes can be formed at intervals on the corresponding surface of the column 4, whereby the plurality of steel columns are fixed to the column 4 at upper and lower intervals, and at the same time, the wall
  • the plate 3 is provided with a plurality of assembly holes, the assembly hole diameter may be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the steel column, and the other end of the steel column can be inserted into the assembly hole for fixing.
  • a plurality of third connecting members 74 can be fixed on the column 4, and the wall plate 3 can be aligned from the outer side to the plurality of third connecting members 74 and the assembling holes, and then pushed into the wall plate 3 to complete the fixing.
  • the threaded steel column is screwed on the column, and the wall plate 3 is punched according to the position of the insertion hole on the column 4, in the hole
  • the glue is injected into the wall, and the end of the wall panel 3 is glued and pushed to the column 4 for installation, and the steel column is inserted into the wall plate 3 and can be inserted.
  • the base surface 1 may be a floor of a building foundation or a floor slab (see the floor slab 5 in FIG. 1).
  • the base surface 1 may reserve a slot in the installation position of the wall panel 3, and the slot may be left.
  • a plurality of base reinforcing bars 11 are formed, and the bottom end faces of the wall plates 3 are embedded with a plurality of strip-shaped connecting members, the strip-shaped connecting members are second connecting members 72, and the second connecting members 72 can be selected as steel brazing or reinforcing bars.
  • the base reinforcing bar 11 is fixedly coupled to the second connecting member 72, and the joint of the wall plate 3 is fixed in such a manner as to fill the concrete 12.
  • the base reinforcing bar 11 and the second connecting member 72 at the bottom end of the wall panel 3 are connected by a connecting reinforcing bar 73 and a binding mechanism, and the binding mechanism can be a wire, and the connecting reinforcing bar 73 is perpendicular to the base reinforcing bar 11 and the second connecting member 72, And the joint is located in the filled concrete 12.
  • mortar fixing is usually employed, but this method fixes the wall panel 3 without rooting.
  • the base surface is used to pre-bury the steel bar, and the lower end of the wall plate 3 is inserted with steel brazing or steel bar insertion brazing, and the two are fixedly connected together.
  • the present invention also provides an embodiment of a wall panel mounting method. Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 , the following steps may be included:
  • a plurality of assembly holes are formed on the outer side of the outer wall panel 3 to correspond to the strip-shaped connecting members fixed to the column 4;
  • the steel column on the side of the wall panel 3 is pushed to the column 4 for fixed connection, and the strip connector of the column 4 is embedded into the plurality of assembly holes of the wall panel 3;
  • the top surface of the wall panel 3 is aligned with the beam 2, and a plurality of strip-shaped connecting members are passed through the through holes in the beam 2 and embedded in the wall panel 3 for fixing; after the wall panel 3 is accurately lifted on the site, the lower end of the wall panel 3 can be used with a plurality of plugs. Once it is fixed, it can be inserted into the brazing operation;
  • the base reinforcing bar 11 and the bottom strip connecting member of the wall panel 3 may be connected by a connecting reinforcing bar 72 and a binding mechanism, and the binding mechanism may be a wire. And pouring concrete 12 between the base surface 1 and the bottom end of the wall panel 3;
  • the two side pillars 4 and the wall panel 3 are respectively fixed and fixed by the above, and the inner wall panel 3 is fixed to the side of the installed wall panel 3 by the side connecting buckle, and the inner wall panel 3 and the beam 2 and the base surface 1 are fixed. , fixed in the same way as in the above steps;
  • the present invention further provides an embodiment of a wall mounting sling used in the above process.
  • the mounting sling may include a power reel 81, a balance bar 82, a fixed pulley 83, and a lock 84. , bracket 85, connecting plate 86 and traction rope 87.
  • the bracket 85 may be a triangular main frame body which is slanted and butted by two circular steel pipes.
  • the upper end of the main frame body may be a lap joint made of angle steel so as to be lapped on the beam 2 by the horizontal lap joint.
  • the main frame body and the strap frame can be connected by a connecting plate 86.
  • the upper end of the connecting plate 86 is welded and fixed to the overlapping frame, and the lower part of the connecting plate 86 can be fixed to the main frame by a plurality of round steel holding cards.
  • the power reel 81 can be installed at the bottom of the bracket 85, and the power reel 81 can be an electric hoist.
  • the electric hoist specifications can be determined according to the size and quality of the wall panel.
  • the fixed pulley 83 is mounted on the outer end of the bracket 85.
  • the one end of the traction rope 87 is wound around the power drum 81, and the other end of the traction rope 87 is wound around the fixed pulley 83. It is connected to the balance bar 8 afterwards.
  • One end of the balance bar 82 is a connection end, and the other end is a balance end, and a lock nut is fixed on the connection end.
  • the lock female 84 soft gasket can be located outside the wall panel 3, the wall panel 3 can be pressed and fixed, and the balance end is located inside the wall panel 3.
  • the connecting end passes through and is fixed to the lifting hole of the wall panel 3.
  • the lifting hole is located at the upper part of the wall panel 3, preferably the top of the wall panel 3 is about 300-500 mm downward, so that the lifting hole has a certain distance from the upper end of the wall panel 3;
  • the balance rope is connected to the end, and the balance rope can facilitate the construction personnel to pull the balance to maintain the balance of the wall panel 3.
  • the lifting tool In order to ensure that the wall panel 3 is suspended directly below the beam 2, the lifting tool cannot be placed directly above the beam 2 due to the isolation of the floor panel 5. Therefore, the lifting device can only be placed on the side;
  • the balance bar 8 is set by the principle of mutual assisting lever, and the operating rope can be arranged on the inner balancing end of the balance bar 8 to keep the wall plate 3 balanced.
  • the installation workload of the inner and outer wall panels 3 accounts for about 50% of the total construction workload.
  • An effective, simple and quick installation method is adopted to realize the fixed installation of the wall panel 3, which can improve the overall working efficiency of the building.
  • the power reel 81 can be directly mounted on the top cross member 2, and the moving pulley will be outwardly turned with an angle steel.
  • this embodiment is relatively simple, and can be used in the case where the inner side of the upper cross member 2 has no floor slab 5, one end of the power reel 81 is a hoisting rope, and the other side can be provided with a weight 88 to maintain the hoisting balance.
  • the balance bar 82 can be an arcuate round steel hook 84, which is fixed at one end to the lifting hole of the wall plate 3, and the other end can be connected by the hoisting rope of the power reel 81.
  • the lower lifting hole of the wall panel 3 can be connected with a balance rope 89 to keep the wall panel 3 balanced.
  • a cart 9 can also be used for carrying the wall panel 3.
  • the front side of the cart 9 can be arranged with a plurality of pairs of insertion holes, and a pair of U-shaped guard rails 91 can be inserted into the insertion holes for fixing.
  • the insertion holes of the U-shaped guard rails 91 can also be exchanged so that the U-shaped guard rails 91 can always limit the sides of the wall panels 3 during transportation.
  • the keel of the inner and outer walls is saved, and the total installation cost of the outer wall panel is saved by 50%; the width of the column, the beam and the super-light wallboard of the steel structure are designed to be equal in thickness, and the super-light wall is made
  • the plate is embedded in the steel structure, so that the steel structure and the wall panel become a plane inside and outside, thus saving the inner and outer keels of the wall panel.
  • the super-light wall panel is embedded in the steel structure, so that the steel structure and the wall panel become a plane inside and outside, and there is no need to fix the keel inward.
  • the firmness of the wall panel is significantly better than that of the wall panel mounting method.

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Abstract

一种拼装建筑结构、墙板安装吊具及拼装建筑施工方法，拼装建筑结构包括基面（1）、立柱（4）、横梁（2）和墙板（3），立柱（4）和横梁（2）是有一定截面形状的条型金属材质，基面（1）、立柱（4）和横梁（2）组装形成多个平面框架，多个墙板（3）固定于框架内，墙板（3）厚度与立柱（4）和横梁（2）对应方向尺寸大致相同；墙板（3）与横梁（2）之间通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各条形连接件下侧能嵌入墙板（3）顶端进行固定，各条形连接件上侧固定于横梁（2）；墙板（3）与立柱（4）之间，通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各条形连接件内侧能嵌入墙板（3）外侧进行固定，各条形连接件外侧固定于立柱（4）；基面（1）与墙板（3）连接处填充混凝土。该拼装建筑结构节省了墙板外挂的内外龙骨。

Description

一种拼装建筑结构、墙板安装吊具及拼装建筑施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑技术，尤其涉及一种施工方便且节约成本的拼装建筑结构及施工方法。
背景技术
在拼装建筑领域，一直在寻找一种牢固、环保、美观、施工简便、成本低的建筑，目前仅有重钢结构与超强轻质墙板形式建筑符合这一要求。但是，传统重钢结构，外墙板施工一般都采用外挂式施工。缺点是外挂墙板需要制作龙骨固定墙板，而且内墙装修还需要制作龙骨固定装修墙面，人工和材料成本很高，且施工工期长，墙体占用面积大，特别是高人工费地区成本就更高。
现有技术墙板安装固定技术，墙板厂家安装手册安装方法十分简陋，根本达不到牢固安装的要求。因此，研究一种牢固、可靠、简便的墙板镶嵌的安装方法也是十分重要的。
现有技术中一种固定方式是，墙板侧面固定采用与钢柱卡接，这种方法缺点是卡接器具露在墙外需要装修处理。并且由于墙板与柱子是紧贴安装，安装时没有操作空间。
另外，墙板安装工艺中，墙板起吊安装要解决两个问题：一是起吊高度不够，二是墙板必须在横梁正下方。墙板安装一般在完成楼板施工后，才能进行墙板施工。例如，墙板610mm*3000mm的质量约190kg，由于墙板高度为3000mm，层高为3300mm等于墙板高3000mm加横梁2高300mm，墙板与层高的高度相差只有300mm，300mm高度还不够起吊连接器长度。特别是内墙板起吊，由于安装空间十分狭窄，一般起重机械很难施展。由于墙板较长，重心比较高，安装时比较困难控制。
发明内容
本发明主要目的在于，提供一种施工方便且节约成本的拼装建筑结构及施工方法。
本发明次要目的在于，解决墙板安装空间十分狭窄，及墙板必须在横梁正下方安装问题，提供一种安装吊具。
实施例提供一种拼装建筑结构，包括基面、立柱、横梁和墙板，所述立柱和横梁是有一定截面形状的条型金属材质，所述基面、立柱和横梁组装形成多个平面框架，所述墙 板固定于所述框架内，所述墙板厚度与所述立柱和横梁对应方向尺寸大致相同；所述墙板与所述横梁之间，通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各所述条形连接件下侧能嵌入所述墙板顶端进行固定，各所述条形连接件上侧固定于所述横梁；所述墙板与所述立柱之间，通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各所述条形连接件内侧能嵌入所述墙板外侧进行固定，各所述条形连接件外侧固定于所述立柱；所述基面与所述墙板连接处填充混凝土。
根据一实施例，所述横梁为工字钢或H型钢，所述立柱为工字钢或H型钢。
根据一实施例，所述墙板底端面嵌装入多个条形连接件，所述基面上预留出多个基面钢筋，所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件固定连接，且连接处位于填充混凝土内。
根据一实施例，所述墙板与所述横梁之间条形连接件为钢钎或螺钉。
根据一实施例，所述墙板开放端固定有加强板，所述加强板全部或部分包住所述墙板外端面，各所述条形连接件均穿过所述加强板。
根据一实施例，所述墙板包括外侧面的面板和内部填充材料，所述加强板截面呈U形，所述加强板两侧插入面板与内部填充材料之间，所述加强板两侧与所述面板固定连接。
根据一实施例，所述墙板与所述立柱之间的条形连接件为钢柱，多个所述钢柱上下间隔地固定于所述立柱，多个所述钢柱以一端固定于所述立柱上，对应地，所述墙板开设有多个组装孔，所述钢柱另一端能插入所述组装孔内进行固定。
根据一实施例，所述横梁包括中间的腹板和两端的翼板，所述腹板将所述翼板分为内部和外部，与所述墙板对接的所述翼板内部和外部均开设有多个通孔，所述条形连接件穿过所述通孔固定于所述墙板，所述翼板内部和外部的通孔错位分布。
根据一实施例，所述平面框架内固定有多个墙板，各所述墙板以侧面连接扣与相邻墙板连接，所述平面框架内以减少至少一墙板而形成窗口。
根据一实施例，所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件之间，通过连接钢筋和捆绑机构连接，所述连接钢筋垂直于所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件。
实施例还提供一种墙板安装方法，包括步骤：
准备如前所述拼装建筑结构及多个墙板；
在外侧墙板外侧面开设多个通孔，以对应固定在所述立柱的条形连接件；
以所述墙板侧面与所述立柱上的钢柱固定连接；
所述墙板顶面与所述横梁对齐，将多个条形连接件穿过所述横梁并嵌入所述墙板进行固定；
所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件之间，通过连接钢筋和捆绑机构连接，并在基面与所述墙板底端之间浇筑混凝土；
两侧立柱与墙板均采用上述安装固定方式，内侧墙板通过侧边连接扣与已安装墙板侧边固定，并进行该墙板与所述横梁和基面的固定；
依次向内安装墙板，直至安装至预留窗口的位置。
实施例另提供一种墙板安装吊具，包括动力卷筒、支架、牵引绳、定滑轮和平衡杆；所述动力卷筒安装于所述支架，所述支架高度略低于建筑层高，所述定滑轮安装于所述支架顶部，所述牵引绳一端卷绕于所述动力卷筒，所述牵引绳另一端绕过所述定滑轮后连接于所述平衡杆，所述平衡杆一端为连接端，另一端为平衡端，所述连接端固定于所述墙板的吊装孔，所述吊装孔位于所述墙板上部，但所述吊装孔距离所述墙板上端有一定距离；所述平衡端连接有平衡绳。
为了解决钢结构外挂墙板施工缺点问题，发明人经过反复研究发现，提出充分利用重钢结构高强度牢固性，把钢结构的柱子、横梁及超强轻质墙板宽度设计成为厚度相等，并且把超强轻质墙板镶嵌在钢结构内，使得钢结构与墙板内外成为一个平面，这样就节省了墙板外挂的内外龙骨。
本发明实施例给出的墙板插钎固定结构，相对于墙板外挂式施工，外墙固定中不需再龙骨结构，内墙装修时也不需要制作龙骨固定装修墙面，可直接进行表面装饰，甚至可以省去装修墙面。人工和材料成本大大降低，施工工期短，而且墙体占用面积小，特别是高人工费地区，能减少很高的人工成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是局部剖面结构示意图。
图2为图1中A处结构放大示意图。
图3为图1中B处结构放大示意图。
图4为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是墙板与横梁连接时侧面结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是墙板与横梁连接时俯视结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是墙板与横梁连接时仰视结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是墙板与立柱连接时侧面结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是立柱连接侧面的结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是安装吊具实施例的结构示意图。
图10为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是安装吊具实施例另一侧面的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例的拼装建筑结构，是安装吊具另一实施例的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
基面1、基面钢筋11、混凝土12、横梁2、翼板21、腹板22、墙板3、面板31、填充材料32、加强板33、立柱4、楼板5、房顶6、第一连接件71、第二连接件72、连接钢筋73、第三连接件74、动力卷筒81、平衡杆82、定滑轮83、锁母84、支架85、连接板86、牵引绳87、配重88、推车9、护栏91。
具体实施方式
体现本发明特征与优点的典型实施例将在以下的说明中详细叙述。应理解的是本发明能够在不同的实施例上具有各种的变化，其皆不脱离本发明的范围，且其中的说明及图示在本质上是当作说明之用，而非用以限制本发明。
如下实施例中的上、下、顶、底等方位，仅用于说明各部件间的相对位置关系，并不是为了限定本发明实施例中部件具体安装方位。
本发明实施例提供一种拼装建筑结构，主要包括基面、横梁、墙板和立柱，立柱和横梁是有一定截面形状的条型金属材质，例如工字钢或H型钢，当然也可能选择轻质的铝合金或树脂合成材料型材。基面一般为建筑的地基面或楼板。墙板可选为轻质隔墙板，一般具有规范的宽度，但长度可以按需截取。轻质隔墙板可以是一种新型节能墙材料，它是一种外型像空心楼板一样的墙材，两外侧表面可为钢板或树脂合成饰面层，内层装有合理布局的隔热、吸声的无机发泡型材、岩绵、混合形轻质混凝土或其他保温材料；但是它两边有公母隼槽，安装时只需将板材立起，公、母隼涂上少量嵌缝砂浆后对拼装起来即可。它可以是由无害化磷石膏、轻质钢渣、粉煤灰等多种工业废渣组成，经变频蒸汽加压养护而成。
一般情形下，以基面、多个立柱和多个横梁，能在建筑内或建筑外墙可组装形成多个平面框架，这些平面框架一般对应形成建筑的外墙或内墙的外框，基面位于底部，一般两个立柱位于两侧，而横梁位于顶部，横梁两侧与两侧立柱连接固定。可以选择以多个墙板固定于此平面框架内形成建筑墙面。墙板最好选择整板，施工中尽可能不要加长连接。
本发明实施例中，参照图1至图8，利用给出的连接结构，可以使墙板3的厚度与立 柱4和横梁2对应方向尺寸大致相同，也就是说，墙板3外立面与立柱4和横梁2和外立面均会保持平齐，以方便进行墙面装饰处理，而且不需要再进行找平或特殊装饰处理。其中，墙板3与横梁2之间，可通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各条形连接件下侧能嵌入墙板3顶端进行固定，各条形连接件上侧固定于横梁2；墙板3与立柱4之间，也可通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各条形连接件内侧能嵌入墙板3外侧进行固定，各条形连接件外侧固定于立柱4；而基面1与墙板3连接处以填充混凝土12的方式进行固定。本发明实施中，墙板3与横梁2和立柱4的连接方式也可称之为插钎方式固定。
本发明实施例给出的墙板插钎固定结构，相对于墙板外挂式施工，外墙固定中不需再龙骨结构，内墙装修时也不需要制作龙骨固定装修墙面，可直接进行表面装饰，甚至可以省去装修墙面。人工和材料成本大大降低，施工工期短，而且墙体占用面积小，特别是高人工费地区，能减少很高的人工成本。以下结合附图对一具体实施例介绍如下：
如图1所示，示出来了具体建筑实施例的局部剖面图，图中结构详细描述可见，基面1、多个横梁2和多个立柱4(立柱4参见图7和图8)在建筑内可组装形成多个平面框架，这些平面框架一般对应形成建筑的外墙或内墙的外框，基面1位于底部，一般两个立柱4位于两侧，而横梁2位于顶部，横梁2两侧与两侧立柱4连接固定。横梁2上部可用于支撑房顶6。
本实施例中，如图1及图5所示，横梁2为可为工字钢，立柱4可为H型钢。一般横梁2包括中间的腹板22和两端的翼板21，腹板22将翼板21分为内部和外部，与墙板3对接的翼板21内部和外部均开设有多个通孔，条形连接件穿过通孔固定于墙板3，翼板21内部和外部的通孔错位分布。
参照图2、图3，墙板3自身为防水板，外墙板3接缝加弹性橡胶条或者涂柔性防水胶，外墙接缝处刷防水涂料，在装外墙防水装饰板时，特意用外墙板3压住外墙接缝处。以此形成三道防水。墙板3包括外侧面的面板31和内部填充材料32，对于墙板3内部强度低的轻质墙板3，无办法直接插钎。可以根据蒙皮效应，在轻质板生产时，在插钎部位事先预埋加强型U型槽板，即加强板33，让墙板3材料附着在加强板33，使其连为一体。这样就可以在加强板33处直接插钎。以此实现最为简单快捷方法施工。墙板3的四周开放端面上可均固定有加强板33，加强板33可以是截面呈U钢板，加强板33两侧插入面板31与内部填充材料32之间，加强板33两侧与面板31可通过铆接或螺接进行固定连接。以加强板33可在内部包住墙板3外端面，各条形连接件均穿过加强板33。平面框架内固 定有多个墙板3，各墙板3以侧面连接扣与相邻墙板3连接，施工中，平面框架内以减少至少一墙板3而形成窗口。这样，一个平面框架中的各墙板3可从两侧立柱4依次向内安装固定，最后留出窗口位。
如图1至图5所示，墙板3与横梁2之间，可通过多个第一连接件71进行连接，第一连接件71可为钢钎、钢筋或长螺钉，并且螺钉可选择为钻尾螺钉。各第一连接件71下侧能嵌入墙板3顶端进行固定，第一连接件71上侧固定于横梁2。钢钎实施例可选择打弯或利用铆接原理，利用锤击得到钢钎上侧外径更大的头部，从而卡接在通孔外。螺钉实施例则直接用螺钉头卡固在通孔外即可。
如图7、图8所示，墙板3与立柱4之间，也可通过多个条形连接件进行连接，这里条形连接件定义为第三连接件74，各第三连接件74内侧能嵌入墙板3外侧边内进行固定，各第三连接件74外侧可通过装配或焊接固定于立柱4。墙板3与立柱4的连接方式也可称之为插钎方式固定。第三连接件74可为钢柱，钢柱一端制作有外螺纹，立柱4对应面上可间隔地制作多个内螺纹孔，借此多个钢柱上下间隔地固定于立柱4，同时，墙板3开设有多个组装孔，组装孔孔径可略小于钢柱外径，钢柱另一端能插入组装孔内进行固定。施工中，可先将多个第三连接件74在立柱4上固定好，墙板3可从外侧向对齐多个第三连接件74与组装孔，之后推入墙板3即可完成固定。采用预先在立柱4上预留丝扣办法，在完成钢结构立柱4安装后，将带有丝扣钢柱拧在柱子上，把墙板3按立柱4上的插钎位置打孔，在孔内注入胶，墙板3端头抹胶后推向立柱4安装，将钢柱插钎插入墙板3及可。
如图2、图3所示，基面1可为建筑地基平面或楼板(见图1中的楼板5)层，基面1可在墙板3安装位置预留出槽，并且槽内可留出多个基面钢筋11，墙板3底端面嵌装入多个条形连接件，条形连接件为第二连接件72，第二连接件72可选择为钢钎或钢筋条。基面钢筋11与第二连接件72固定连接，墙板3连接处以填充混凝土12的方式进行固定。基面钢筋11与墙板3底端第二连接件72之间，可通过连接钢筋73和捆绑机构连接，捆绑机构可为铁丝，连接钢筋73垂直于基面钢筋11与第二连接件72，且连接处位于填充混凝土12内。
现有技术中，通常采用砂浆固定，但是这种方法固定墙板3没有生根。本发明实施例中，采用基面预埋钢筋头，墙板3下端插入钢钎或钢筋插钎，二者固定连接在一起。为了保险起见，还可以用箍筋把预埋钢筋头与钢钎或钢筋插钎连接后再进行灌注水泥砂浆。这种方法固定墙板3牢固可靠。
本发明还提供了一种墙板安装方法实施例，请参照图1至图8，可包括如下步骤：
准备如前所述拼装建筑结构的平面框架及多个墙板3；依据墙板3的尺寸、内部强度及质量，确定插钎的规格、数量及位置，然后在进行横梁2加工时按设计要求的插钎位置及孔径，事先打孔并加工条形连接件。
在外侧墙板3外侧面开设多个组装孔，以对应固定在立柱4的条形连接件；
以墙板3侧面推向立柱4上的钢柱固定连接，将立柱4的条形连接件嵌装入墙板3的多个组装孔；
墙板3顶面与横梁2对齐，将多个条形连接件穿过横梁2上的通孔并嵌入墙板3进行固定；现场准确起吊墙板3后，可用多个塞子把墙板3下端固定好后，就可以进行插钎作业；
在墙板3与横梁2固定步骤之前、进行中或之后，可将基面钢筋11与墙板3底端条形连接件之间，通过连接钢筋72和捆绑机构连接，捆绑机构可为铁丝，并在基面1与墙板3底端之间浇筑混凝土12；
两侧立柱4与墙板3均采用上述安装固定方式，内侧墙板3通过侧边连接扣与已安装墙板3侧边固定，并进行该内侧墙板3与横梁2和基面1的固定，固定方式与上述步骤中相同；
依次向内安装墙板3，直至安装至预留窗口的位置。在预留窗口，可利用窗框或龙骨固定墙板开放端侧。如此，墙板3的安装固定操作完成。
请参照图9、图10，本发明还提供一种上述施工艺中所使用的墙板安装吊具实施例，安装吊具可包括动力卷筒81、平衡杆82、定滑轮83、锁母84、支架85、连接板86和牵引绳87。
支架85可以是两根圆钢管倾斜对接而成的三角形主架体，主架体上端可为一由角钢制成的搭接架，以便利用水平搭接架搭接在横梁2上。主架体与搭接架之间可通过连接板86连接。连接板86上端与搭接架焊接固定，连接板86下部则可以通过多个圆钢抱卡与主架体固定。动力卷筒81可安装于支架85底部，动力卷筒81可为电葫芦，电葫芦规格可依据墙板尺寸及质量确定。支架85摆放后整体高度可略低于建筑层高，定滑轮83安装于支架85搭接架外端，牵引绳87一端卷绕于动力卷筒81，牵引绳87另一端绕过定滑轮83后连接于平衡杆8。平衡杆82一端为连接端，另一端为平衡端，连接端上固定有锁母 84和软垫片，锁母84软垫片可位于墙板3外侧，可对墙板3进行压紧固定，平衡端则位于墙板3内侧。连接端穿过并固定于墙板3的吊装孔，吊装孔位于墙板3上部，较佳是墙板3顶端向下约300-500mm处，这样吊装孔距离墙板3上端有一定距离；平衡端连接有平衡绳，平衡绳可方便施工人员拉拽来保持墙板3的平衡。
利用上述安装吊具实施例，可以解决墙板3安装空间十分狭窄及墙板3必须在横梁2正下方安装问题，具体操作方法可如下：
把墙板3起吊连接部位放到横墙板3上端以下300-500mm处；
为了保证墙板3起吊在横梁2正下方，由于有楼板5的隔离，起吊工具不能放在横梁2正上方。因此起吊器具只能放在侧面；
由于起吊器具在侧面，墙板3起吊后不能垂直，因此采用互助杠杆原理设置平衡杆8，平衡杆8内侧平衡端上可配置有操作绳，让墙板3保持平衡。
内外墙板3安装工作量约占整个建筑工作量的50％，一种有效、简单，快捷的安装方法来实现墙板3的固定安装，可提高建筑的整体作业效率。
另如图11所示，在安装吊具的另一实施例中，在安装二楼或以上墙板3时，可将动力卷筒81直接安装于顶部横梁2，将以一角钢将动滑轮向外支出，这种实施例比较简便，能使用在上部横梁2内侧面无楼板5的情形下，动力卷筒81一端为起吊绳，另一侧可配置配重88，以便保持起吊平衡。这里平衡杆82可为一弓形圆钢吊钩84，以此一端固定于墙板3的吊装孔中，另一端可被动力卷筒81的起吊绳连接。墙板3的下部吊装孔可连接有平衡绳89，以便让墙板3保持平衡。
如图11所示，还可利用一推车9进行墙板3的搬运，推车9正面可布置多个成对的插接孔，一对U形护栏91可插入插接孔内进行固定，而且，在运输墙板3数量不同时，还可以调换U形护栏91的插接孔，以便U形护栏91在运输中总能对墙板3侧面进行限位。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果至少在于：
与传统钢结构施工比较，节省内外墙的龙骨，节约外墙板安装总成本50％；把钢结构的柱子、横梁及超强轻质墙板宽度设计成为厚度相等，并且把超强轻质墙板镶嵌在钢结构内，使得钢结构与墙板内外成为一个平面，这样就节省了墙板外挂的内外龙骨。
缩短建筑施工工期5％；相对于墙板外挂式施工，外墙固定中不再需要龙骨结构，内墙装修时也不需要制作龙骨固定装修墙面，可直接进行表面装饰，甚至可以省去装修墙面。
减少墙体占地面积50％。相对于墙板外挂式施工，把超强轻质墙板镶嵌在钢结构内，使得钢结构与墙板内外成为一个平面，不需要再向内固定龙骨。
由于墙板镶嵌在钢结构内，墙板的牢固可靠性明显优于墙板外挂安装方法安装。
虽然已参照几个典型实施例描述了本发明，但应当理解，所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本发明能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质，所以应当理解，上述实施例不限于任何前述的细节，而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释，因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种拼装建筑结构，包括基面、立柱、横梁和墙板，所述立柱和横梁是有一定截面形状的条型金属材质，所述基面、立柱和横梁组装形成多个平面框架，其特征在于，
    所述墙板固定于所述框架内，所述墙板厚度与所述立柱和横梁对应方向尺寸大致相同；
    所述墙板与所述横梁之间，通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各所述条形连接件下侧能嵌入所述墙板顶端进行固定，各所述条形连接件上侧固定于所述横梁；
    所述墙板与所述立柱之间，通过多个条形连接件进行连接，各所述条形连接件内侧能嵌入所述墙板外侧进行固定，各所述条形连接件外侧固定于所述立柱；
    所述基面与所述墙板连接处填充混凝土。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述横梁为工字钢或H型钢，所述立柱为工字钢或H型钢。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述墙板底端面嵌装入多个条形连接件，所述基面上预留出多个基面钢筋，所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件固定连接，且连接处位于所述填充混凝土内。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述墙板与所述横梁之间条形连接件为钢钎或螺钉。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述墙板开放端固定有加强板，所述加强板全部或部分包住所述墙板外端面，各所述条形连接件均穿过所述加强板。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述墙板包括外侧面的面板和内部填充材料，所述加强板截面呈U形，所述加强板两侧插入面板与内部填充材料之间，所述加强板两侧与所述面板固定连接。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述墙板与所述立柱之间的条形连接件为钢柱，多个所述钢柱上下间隔地固定于所述立柱，多个所述钢柱以一端固定于所述立柱上，对应地，所述墙板开设有多个组装孔，所述钢柱另一端能插入所述组装孔内进行固定。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述横梁包括中间的腹板和两端的翼板，所述腹板将所述翼板分为内部和外部，与所述墙板对接的所述翼板内部和外部均开设有多个通孔，所述条形连接件穿过所述通孔固定于所述墙板，所述翼板内部和外部的 通孔错位分布。
  9. 如权利要求1至8任一项所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述平面框架内固定有多个墙板，各所述墙板以侧面连接扣与相邻墙板连接，所述平面框架内以减少至少一墙板而形成窗口。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的拼装建筑结构，其特征在于，所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件之间，通过连接钢筋和捆绑机构连接，所述连接钢筋垂直于所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件。
  11. 一种墙板安装方法，包括步骤：
    准备如权利要求1至10任一项所述拼装建筑结构及多个墙板；
    在外侧墙板外侧面开设多个通孔，以对应固定在所述立柱的条形连接件；
    以所述墙板侧面与所述立柱上的钢柱固定连接；
    所述墙板顶面与所述横梁对齐，将多个条形连接件穿过所述横梁并嵌入所述墙板进行固定；
    所述基面钢筋与所述墙板底端条形连接件之间，通过连接钢筋和捆绑机构连接，并在基面与所述墙板底端之间浇筑混凝土；
    两侧立柱与墙板均采用上述安装固定方式，内侧墙板通过侧边连接扣与已安装墙板侧边固定，并进行该墙板与所述横梁和基面的固定；
    依次向内安装墙板，直至安装至预留窗口的位置。
  12. 一种墙板安装吊具，包括动力卷筒、支架、牵引绳、定滑轮和平衡杆；所述动力卷筒安装于所述支架，所述支架高度略低于建筑层高，所述定滑轮安装于所述支架顶部，所述牵引绳一端卷绕于所述动力卷筒，所述牵引绳另一端绕过所述定滑轮后连接于所述平衡杆，所述平衡杆一端为连接端，另一端为平衡端，所述连接端固定于所述墙板的吊装孔，所述吊装孔位于所述墙板上部，但所述吊装孔距离所述墙板上端有一定距离；所述平衡端连接有平衡绳。
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