WO2017026748A1 - Fibre d'aramide copolymérisée à allongement élevé - Google Patents

Fibre d'aramide copolymérisée à allongement élevé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017026748A1
WO2017026748A1 PCT/KR2016/008644 KR2016008644W WO2017026748A1 WO 2017026748 A1 WO2017026748 A1 WO 2017026748A1 KR 2016008644 W KR2016008644 W KR 2016008644W WO 2017026748 A1 WO2017026748 A1 WO 2017026748A1
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Prior art keywords
aramid fiber
aramid
elongation
roller
washing
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PCT/KR2016/008644
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
이재영
박영철
구남대
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코오롱인더스트리(주)
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Publication of WO2017026748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017026748A1/fr

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
    • D01F6/80—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyamides
    • D01F6/805—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyamides from aromatic copolyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/06—Washing or drying
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
    • D01F6/80—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyamides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/062—Load-responsive characteristics stiff, shape retention
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-strength copolymerized aramid fiber, specifically, consisting of an aramid copolymer containing an aromatic group substituted with a cyano group (-CN), loose fiber structure, crystallinity and crystal size is small, high elongation It relates to the copolymerized aramid fiber to be provided.
  • Aramid fibers include para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers.
  • para-aramid fiber has excellent properties such as high strength, high elasticity, and low shrinkage. Especially, it has a strong strength enough to lift a 2 ton car with a thin thread of about 5mm thick, and is not only used for bulletproof applications. It is used for various purposes in high-tech industries such as aerospace.
  • Aramid fibers are typically (i) spinning the aramid spinning dope (Dope) through the spinneret 20, as shown in Figure 1, and (ii) coagulating the spun aramid fibers with the coagulation bath (30) Solidification while passing through the solidification tube 40 is injected into the solidification process, and (iii) the solidified aramid fibers passing through the at least one flush roller 50 as shown in FIG.
  • the washing process by spraying the washing liquid to the aramid fibers passing through the washing roller (50) through the washing liquid injection nozzle (90), and (iv) drying the washed aramid fibers with a drying apparatus 70 and then wound up It is manufactured through a series of winding process in the roller (80).
  • the organic solvent may be N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N, N'-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hexamethylphosphoamide (HMPA), N, N, N ', N'-tetra Methyl urea (TMU), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or mixtures thereof may be used.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • DMAc N, N'-dimethylacetamide
  • HMPA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMU hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TNU hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TNU hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoamide
  • TMA hexamethylphospho
  • the aromatic diamine may be para-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,6-naphthalenediamine, 1,5-naphthalenediamine, or 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide.
  • the aromatic dieside halide may be terephthaloyl dichloride, 4,4'-benzoyl dichloride, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid dichloride, or 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid dichloride.
  • the aramid polymer may be polyparaphenylene terephthalamide, poly (4,4'-benzanilide terephthalamide), poly (paraphenylene-4,4'-ratio depending on the type of aromatic diamine and aromatic dieside halide used. Phenylene-dicarboxylic acid amide), or poly (paraphenylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid amide).
  • aramid fibers prepared by the methods described above is a product material that requires high strength and high elongation characteristics inherent in aramid fibers because the elongation is less than 4% because of the dense fiber structure and large crystallinity and crystal size. There were limitations that were difficult to use.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength aramid copolymer aramid fibers composed of an aramid copolymer containing an aromatic group substituted with a cyano group (-CN) excellent in elongation 4.0 to 6.5%.
  • the organic solvent remaining in the aramid fiber is rapidly extracted during the coagulation step and the washing step for producing the aramid fiber, thereby reducing the crystallinity and crystal size of the aramid fiber and loosening the structure of the aramid fiber. Raise your congregation.
  • the present invention consists of an aramid copolymer comprising an aromatic group substituted with a cyano group (-CN), the fiber structure is loosely formed, crystallinity and crystal size is small, so that the elongation is 4.0 to 6.5% This is greatly improved.
  • the present invention is useful as a material for various products in which high strength properties and high elongation properties of aramid fibers are simultaneously required.
  • 1 is a process schematic diagram of making aramid fibers.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a flush roller used in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the process of washing the aramid fibers using the flushing roller of Figure 2 in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the process of washing the aramid fibers by the conventional method.
  • the high-strength copolymerized aramid fiber according to the present invention is composed of an aramid copolymer containing an aromatic group substituted with cyano group (-CN), elongation 4.0 to 6.5%, crystallinity 30 to 55%, crystal size 15 to 40 ⁇ It is characterized by (200 pages).
  • the present invention consists of an aramid copolymer comprising an aromatic group substituted with a cyano group (-CN) elongation 4.0 to 6.5%, crystallinity 30 to 55%, crystal size 15 to 40 ⁇ (200 planes), strength It contains the high elongation copolymer aramid fiber which is 18-25 g / d.
  • the present invention consists of an aramid copolymer containing an aromatic group substituted with a cyano group (-CN) elongation 4.0 to 6.5%, crystallinity 30 to 55%, crystal size 15 to 40 ⁇ (200 planes), elastic modulus
  • -CN cyano group
  • the high elongation copolymer aramid fiber which is 400-600 g / d is included.
  • the present invention consists of an aramid copolymer comprising an aromatic group substituted with a cyano group (-CN) elongation 4.0 to 6.5%, crystallinity 30 to 55%, crystal size of 15 ⁇ 40 ⁇ (200 planes) and 5 ⁇ High-strength copolymerized aramid fibers of 20 microseconds (110 faces).
  • a cyano group -CN
  • the aramid copolymer including the aromatic group substituted with the cyano group (-CN) has a repeating unit of the following general formula (I).
  • Ar is an aromatic group of the following general formula (II)
  • A is an aromatic group of the following general formula (III) or an aromatic group of the general formula (II) Is an aromatic group having a ratio of 1: 9-9: 1]
  • the diffraction pattern obtained through X-ray analysis was used to determine the ratio between the peak peak and the amorphous peak.
  • FWHM full width at half maximum
  • Tensile properties of aramid fibers were measured according to the ASTM D885 test method. Specifically, the physical properties of the fiber were obtained by pulling until the copolymer aramid fiber having a length of 25 cm was broken in an Instron Engineering Corp. (Cantion, Mass).
  • the tensile speed was 300 mm / min
  • the ultra-load was fineness ⁇ 1 / 30g.
  • the number of samples was calculated
  • the modulus of elasticity was obtained from the slope on the S-S curve, the strength was the maximum load at break, and the elongation was calculated from the length at break.
  • the following preparation method is merely an example of the preparation of the high-strength copolymerized aramid fibers of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention performs the step of preparing a spinning dope for producing aramid fibers. Specifically, an inorganic salt is added to the organic solvent to prepare a polymerization solvent, and then paraphenylenediamine and cyano-para-phenylenediamine are dissolved together in the organic solvent or cyano-para-phenylenediamine alone. After dissolving the mixture, a mixed solution was prepared, followed by primary polymerization by adding a small amount of terephthaloyldichloride to the mixed solution while stirring the mixed solution to form a prepolymer in the polymerization solvent.
  • terephthaloyldichloride was further added to the polymerization solvent to carry out the second polymerization to obtain a spinning dope for preparing aramid, in which a copolymerized aramid copolymer containing an aromatic group substituted with a cyano group (-CN) was dissolved in an organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N, N'- dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), N, N, N ', N' -Tetramethyl urea (TMU), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or mixtures thereof can be used.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • DMAc dimethylacetamide
  • HMPA hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMU hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TNU hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TNU hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TNU hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMA hexamethylphosphoramide
  • TMA hexa
  • the coagulated bath 30 and the coagulating liquid is injected to the spun aramid fibers
  • the coagulated aramid fibers pass through the water washing roller (50, 60) in turn and washed with water, dried with a drying apparatus (70) and then wound in a winding roller (80) to obtain a high degree of copolymerization Prepare aramid fibers.
  • a washing liquid injection hole 51 is formed on the surface of the washing liquid to inject the washing liquid by centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the washing roller 50, and the washing roller 50 is formed inside the washing roller 50.
  • a hollow washing liquid supply pipe 52 is formed in a concentric circle with the outer periphery of the washing roller 50, and the washing liquid injection ports 51 communicate with the washing liquid supply pipe 52. 50) is used to quickly extract the organic solvent remaining in the aramid fibers (Y).
  • the jetted washing solution can penetrate smoothly into the inside of the aramid yarn Y passing through the washing roller 50, thereby quickly extracting the organic solvent remaining in the aramid fiber Y.
  • the coagulating liquid and the washing liquid use water (pure water) that maintains a temperature higher than room temperature, the organic solvent remaining in the aramid fiber (Y) is quickly extracted.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the spun copolymerized aramid fibers are spun with a coagulation bath 30 and 40 ° C. containing 40 ° C. water (coagulant).
  • coagulation liquid water
  • the coagulated aramid fiber passed through the coagulation tube 40 is continuously flushed to the surface of the water washing roller 50 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Washing liquid injection holes 51 are formed to inject the washing liquid with the centrifugal force generated by the rotation, and the washing liquid which is hollow while forming a concentric circle with the outer circumference of the washing roller 50 inside the washing roller 50.
  • a supply pipe 52 is formed, and the injection holes 51 pass through the flushing roller 50, which is in communication with the flushing liquid supply pipe 52, to the flushing liquid supply pipe 52 formed inside the flushing roller 50.
  • Washing liquid with 50 degreeC water The process of spraying water by spraying toward the copolymerized aramid fibers passing through the washing roller 50 through the washing liquid injection port 51 formed on the surface of the washing roller 50 by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the roller 50 is performed. After the aging, it was dried with a drying apparatus 70 and wound on a winding roller 80 to produce copolymerized aramid fibers. The results of evaluating various physical properties of the prepared copolymer aramid fibers were as shown in Table 1.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the spun copolymerized aramid fibers are spun with a coagulation bath 30 and 50 ° C. containing 50 ° C. water (coagulant).
  • coagulation liquid water
  • the coagulated aramid fiber passed through the coagulation tube 40 is continuously flushed to the surface of the water washing roller 50 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Washing liquid injection holes 51 are formed to inject the washing liquid with the centrifugal force generated by the rotation, and the washing liquid which is hollow while forming a concentric circle with the outer circumference of the washing roller 50 inside the washing roller 50.
  • a supply pipe 52 is formed, and the injection holes 51 pass through the flushing roller 50, which is in communication with the flushing liquid supply pipe 52, to the flushing liquid supply pipe 52 formed inside the flushing roller 50.
  • Washing liquid with 60 degrees Celsius of water
  • the process of spraying water by spraying toward the copolymerized aramid fibers passing through the washing roller 50 through the washing liquid injection port 51 formed on the surface of the washing roller 50 by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the roller 50 is performed. After the aging, it was dried with a drying apparatus 70 and wound on a winding roller 80 to produce copolymerized aramid fibers.
  • Table 1 The results of evaluating various physical properties of the prepared copolymer aramid fibers were as shown in Table 1.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the spun copolymerized aramid fibers are spun with a coagulation bath 30 and 40 ° C. containing 40 ° C. water (coagulant).
  • coagulation liquid water
  • the coagulated aramid fiber passed through the coagulation tube 40 is continuously flushed to the surface of the water washing roller 50 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Washing liquid injection holes 51 are formed to inject the washing liquid with the centrifugal force generated by the rotation, and the washing liquid which is hollow while forming a concentric circle with the outer circumference of the washing roller 50 inside the washing roller 50.
  • a supply pipe 52 is formed, and the injection holes 51 pass through the flushing roller 50, which is in communication with the flushing liquid supply pipe 52, to the flushing liquid supply pipe 52 formed inside the flushing roller 50.
  • Washing liquid with 50 degreeC water The process of jetting and washing with a centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the roller 50 toward the copolymerized aramid fiber passing through the washing roller 50 through the washing liquid injection port 51 formed on the surface of the washing roller 50 After the aging, it was dried with a drying apparatus 70 and wound on a winding roller 80 to produce copolymerized aramid fibers.
  • Table 1 The results of evaluating various physical properties of the prepared copolymer aramid fibers were as shown in Table 1.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the spun copolymerized aramid fibers are spun with a coagulation bath 30 and 40 ° C. containing 40 ° C. water (coagulant).
  • coagulation liquid water
  • the coagulated aramid fiber passed through the coagulation tube 40 is continuously flushed to the surface of the water washing roller 50 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Washing liquid injection holes 51 are formed to inject the washing liquid with the centrifugal force generated by the rotation, and the washing liquid which is hollow while forming a concentric circle with the outer circumference of the washing roller 50 inside the washing roller 50.
  • a supply pipe 52 is formed, and the injection holes 51 pass through the flushing roller 50, which is in communication with the flushing liquid supply pipe 52, to the flushing liquid supply pipe 52 formed inside the flushing roller 50.
  • Washing liquid with 50 degreeC water The process of jetting and washing with a centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the roller 50 toward the copolymerized aramid fiber passing through the washing roller 50 through the washing liquid injection port 51 formed on the surface of the washing roller 50 After the aging, it was dried with a drying apparatus 70 and wound on a winding roller 80 to produce copolymerized aramid fibers.
  • Table 1 The results of evaluating various physical properties of the prepared copolymer aramid fibers were as shown in Table 1.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the spinning dope was spun through the spinneret 20, and then the spun copolymerized aramid fiber was n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10% aqueous solution (coagulant).
  • the coagulation bath 30 contained therein and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10% aqueous solution (coagulation liquid) are coagulated while passing through the coagulation tube 40 to be injected, and then coagulation tube 40 is continued.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the spinning dope was spun through the spinneret 20, and then the spun copolymerized aramid fiber was n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10% aqueous solution (coagulant).
  • the coagulation bath 30 contained therein and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 10% aqueous solution (coagulation liquid) are coagulated while passing through the coagulation tube 40 to be injected, and then coagulation tube 40 is continued.
  • the present invention is useful in a variety of product materials that require high elongation characteristics along with high strength characteristics such as tire cord reinforcement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polyamides (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une fibre d'aramide copolymérisée à allongement élevé qui comprend un copolymère d'aramide comprenant un groupe aromatique substitué par un groupe cyano (-CN) et a un allongement de 4,0 à 6,5 %, une cristallinité de 30 à 55 %, et une taille de cristal de 15 à 40 Å (200 plans). La présente invention comprend un copolymère d'aramide comprenant un groupe aromatique substitué par un groupe cyano (-CN), la structure fibreuse du copolymère est formée de manière lâche, et sa cristallinité est faible et la taille de ses cristaux est petite, l'allongement de la fibre d'aramide est ainsi considérablement amélioré, atteignant 4,0 à 6,5 % tout en ayant une propriété de résistance élevée en tant que caractéristique intrinsèque d'une fibre d'aramide. La présente invention est utile en tant que matériau pour divers produits nécessitant une propriété de résistance élevée de la fibre d'aramide et simultanément une propriété d'allongement élevée.
PCT/KR2016/008644 2015-08-07 2016-08-05 Fibre d'aramide copolymérisée à allongement élevé WO2017026748A1 (fr)

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KR10-2015-0111381 2015-08-07

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CN105968954A (zh) 2009-07-20 2016-09-28 马克姆-伊玛杰公司 基于溶剂的喷墨油墨制剂

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07166417A (ja) * 1993-12-13 1995-06-27 Teijin Ltd アラミド繊維の製造方法
KR100230899B1 (ko) * 1993-04-19 1999-11-15 미리암 디.메코너헤이 고신도 폴리(P-페닐렌 테레프탈아미드) 섬유(High Elongation PPD-T Fibers)
KR101360985B1 (ko) * 2012-11-19 2014-02-12 주식회사 효성 고신도의 방향족 폴리아미드 모노필라멘트 및 이의 제조방법
KR101387272B1 (ko) * 2011-12-27 2014-04-21 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 아라미드 섬유 및 그 제조방법

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100230899B1 (ko) * 1993-04-19 1999-11-15 미리암 디.메코너헤이 고신도 폴리(P-페닐렌 테레프탈아미드) 섬유(High Elongation PPD-T Fibers)
JPH07166417A (ja) * 1993-12-13 1995-06-27 Teijin Ltd アラミド繊維の製造方法
KR101387272B1 (ko) * 2011-12-27 2014-04-21 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 아라미드 섬유 및 그 제조방법
KR101360985B1 (ko) * 2012-11-19 2014-02-12 주식회사 효성 고신도의 방향족 폴리아미드 모노필라멘트 및 이의 제조방법

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHOI, JIN UK ET AL.: "Structure and Property Relations in Heat-treated Para-Aramid Fibers", TEXTILE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 47, no. 1, 2010, pages 15 - 21, XP055363613 *

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