WO2017025010A1 - 洗衣机 - Google Patents

洗衣机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017025010A1
WO2017025010A1 PCT/CN2016/094007 CN2016094007W WO2017025010A1 WO 2017025010 A1 WO2017025010 A1 WO 2017025010A1 CN 2016094007 W CN2016094007 W CN 2016094007W WO 2017025010 A1 WO2017025010 A1 WO 2017025010A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
induction motor
washing machine
input shaft
transmission
rotating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/094007
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
大西崇之
马场义一
米泽孝昭
大江克己
Original Assignee
青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司
海尔亚洲株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司, 海尔亚洲株式会社 filed Critical 青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司
Priority to EP16834634.4A priority Critical patent/EP3333304A4/en
Priority to US15/749,312 priority patent/US20180216275A1/en
Priority to KR1020187006503A priority patent/KR102015387B1/ko
Priority to CN201680046469.6A priority patent/CN107849789B/zh
Publication of WO2017025010A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017025010A1/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/30Driving arrangements 
    • D06F37/36Driving arrangements  for rotating the receptacle at more than one speed
    • D06F37/38Driving arrangements  for rotating the receptacle at more than one speed in opposite directions
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/30Driving arrangements 
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F21/00Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement 
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D06F37/12Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums adapted for rotation or oscillation about a vertical axis
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/30Driving arrangements 
    • D06F37/304Arrangements or adaptations of electric motors
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/30Driving arrangements 
    • D06F37/40Driving arrangements  for driving the receptacle and an agitator or impeller, e.g. alternatively
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H9/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/10Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley provided with radially-actuatable elements carrying the belt

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a washing machine designed to efficiently use an induction motor.
  • An induction motor is an AC motor that is driven by a rotating magnetic field generated by a coil that flows through an alternating current to generate an induced current to the rotor side, and is driven by the interaction between the generated magnetic field and the rotating magnetic field.
  • the rotational power generated on the output shaft of such a motor is transmitted to the input shaft of the rotating portion such as the stirring blade or the dewatering tub via the speed reducer via a pair of pulleys and a belt (Patent Document 1).
  • the inverter control is a control method in which an alternating current is converted into a direct current and then converted into an alternating current of an arbitrary frequency to drive the motor (Patent Document 2).
  • the frequency conversion control type washing machine can be set to a frequency of efficient operation, since the control system is complicated, there is a disadvantage that the overall price is high.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-166089
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 04-322696
  • the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a washing machine having a new structure which can realize efficient operation as in the case of using an inverter using an induction motor.
  • the present invention employs the following scheme.
  • the washing machine of the present invention includes an input shaft that inputs rotational power to a rotating portion that rotates the laundry, an induction motor that rotates in the forward and reverse directions to become a power source of the rotating portion, and a transmission in which the transmission is located
  • the output shaft of the induction motor and the input shaft to the rotating portion are shifted in the direction of decreasing the reduction ratio as the starting is started.
  • a preferred embodiment of the transmission includes a variable drive side pulley unit provided on the output shaft side, and a variable driven side pulley unit disposed on the input shaft side; And a transmission belt that transmits power between the two pulley units and varies the wheel diameter ratio according to the rotational speed of the output shaft or the input shaft.
  • the control unit that drives the induction motor via a driver, and to perform predetermined driving time set in advance to the rotating unit and to stop the rotating unit.
  • the inertia rotation time is a work unit, and the control of the reverse rotation of the rotating portion is repeatedly performed for each of the work units.
  • the predetermined driving time in this case is preferably set to be longer than the time when the speed ratio of the transmission is changed from the maximum to the minimum.
  • the torque on the driven side can be multiplied in the low-efficiency low-rotation region of the induction motor by the transmission, and the low-rotation region can be quickly passed. Then, by the torque multiplied, the cleaning power to the laundry after starting is increased, and then the power consumption is reduced by rapidly moving to the side of the high rotation region where the motor efficiency is high. Since the washing machine repeatedly performs the unique operation of forward/reverse rotation in a short time, the above effects are repeated. Therefore, according to the present invention, even a low-cost structure using an induction motor can be realized as Efficient operation in the case of a frequency converter.
  • the inertia weight only increases the portion of the component parts required for the variable structure as compared with the structure using the fixed type pulley. Therefore, the moment of inertia when the laundry is pulled and rotated is also increased, and the cleaning effect can be further improved.
  • the time until the stop is also lengthened as the inertial weight increases.
  • the rotating portion is reversed by the same inertia stopping time as the fixed type pulley, it will be reversed during the inertia rotation.
  • the inertial weight can be used.
  • the induced inertial rotation is effectively applied to the cleaning. Further, as long as such a setting is adopted, since the induction motor has a speed of 0 every time, the torque multiplication effect at the time of starting can be utilized every time.
  • Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of a washing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention in a state in which the transmission is started.
  • FIG. 2 is an overall cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a washing machine in which a transmission is not mounted in the same embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is an explanatory view showing a control system of the motor of the same embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing a state after activation of the transmission used in the same embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing characteristics of an induction motor used in the same embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a washing machine to which a transmission 8 according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied
  • FIG. 2 is an overall longitudinal sectional view showing a washing machine 1 in which such a transmission is not employed.
  • the washing machine 1 is a so-called vertical washing machine, and is provided with a casing 2 and a washing tub unit 4 suspended and supported by a boom 3 inside.
  • the washing tub unit 4 includes a bottomed substantially cylindrical outer tub 5, a bottomed substantially cylindrical inner tub 6 coaxially disposed therein, and a drive mechanism 7 provided at the bottom of the outer tub 5.
  • the casing 2 is composed of a substantially rectangular bottom surface 21 and four wall surfaces 22 rising from the bottom surface 21, and has a box shape having an internal space Sp that is open upward.
  • a hook-shaped suspension fixing portion 25 is provided at four corners near the upper end 24 of the casing 2, and the suspension fixing portion 25 is suspended and fixed by the base end 3A side of the hanger 3 as a suspension for hanging the hanger 3
  • the fulcrum functions are provided at four corners near the upper end 24 of the casing 2, and the suspension fixing portion 25 is suspended and fixed by the base end 3A side of the hanger 3 as a suspension for hanging the hanger 3 The fulcrum functions.
  • a cover 26 integrated with the operation panel is provided at an upper portion of the casing 2, and a part of the cover 26 is provided as an opening and closing cover 26a, and the internal space Sp can be opened and closed by a folding door operation.
  • the outer tub 5 constituting the washing tub unit 4 is a bottomed substantially cylindrical member, and has a bottom plate 51 that is substantially circular in plan view and a peripheral wall 52 that rises from an edge portion of the bottom plate 51.
  • a hook-shaped suspended support portion 53 is integrally provided at four positions in a plan view in a uniform manner.
  • the suspended support portion 53 can be attached to the tip end 3B side of the hanger 3.
  • the inner tub 6 constitutes a so-called washing and dewatering tub, and has a substantially cylindrical shape having a bottom, and has a bottom plate 61 that is substantially circular in plan view and a peripheral wall 62 that rises from an edge portion of the bottom plate 61.
  • the inner tub 6 is disposed coaxially with the outer tub 5 inside the outer tub 5, and is rotatably supported by the outer tub 5 via a drive mechanism 7.
  • a plurality of water-passing holes (not shown) are provided in the bottom plate 61 and the peripheral wall 62, and the water in the inner tub 6 can be discharged through the water-passing holes.
  • a stirring blade 63 generally called a pulsator is disposed coaxially above the bottom plate 61 of the inner tub 6.
  • the drive mechanism 7 includes a base member 71 attached to a lower surface of the bottom plate 51 of the outer tub 5, and is mounted to the base An induction motor 72 of the member 71 and a power distribution portion 73 including a clutch.
  • the output shaft 72m of the induction motor 72 and the input shaft 73m of the power distribution unit 73 are provided with fixed pulleys 72a and 73a, respectively, and the flat belts 74 are wound around the fixed pulleys 72a and 73a, whereby power can be transmitted to each other.
  • the power distribution unit 73 distributes the rotational power input to the input shaft 73a via the clutch to the two input shafts 75 and 76 disposed coaxially, and connects the inner first input shaft 75 to the center of the agitating blade 63, and the outer second.
  • the input shaft 76 is connected to the bottom plate 61 of the inner tub 6.
  • the power distribution unit 73 inputs the rotational power of the induction motor 72 to the input shaft 73a via the fixed pulley 72a, the belt 74, and the fixed pulley 73a in accordance with an instruction from the control unit, and selectively switches the rotational power only to the first input shaft. 75 or switch to both the first input shaft 75 and the second input shaft 76.
  • the washing machine 1 mainly rotates only the agitating blades 63 at the time of washing, and integrally rotates the inner tub 6 and the agitating blades 63 at the time of dehydration.
  • the rotating portion 80 of the present invention corresponds to the stirring blade 63 during the washing process and the rinsing process, and the stirring blade 63 and the inner tub 6 correspond to this in the spin-drying process.
  • the power transmission portion between the output shaft 72m of the induction motor 72 and the input shaft 80m of the rotating portion 80 (the input shaft 73m of the power distribution portion 73) is sandwiched by FIG.
  • the illustrated transmission 8 Portions common to those in Fig. 2 in Fig. 1 are given the same reference numerals.
  • the purpose of the transmission 8 is to improve the characteristics of the induction motor 72.
  • the induction motor 72 since the wheel diameter ratio of the fixed pulleys 72a and 73a is always fixed and the effective torque is first generated in the high rotation region, the start-up is slow, and the operation in the low rotation region where the inrush current is large is large.
  • the difference in the starting characteristics may have a large influence on the whole.
  • the transmission 8 is interposed, and the speed reduction ratio is shifted from 1:3.4 to 1:1.7 as will be described later.
  • the torque of the input shaft 73m input to the driven side is multiplied in the inefficient low rotation region of the induction motor 72, and rapidly passes through the low rotation region.
  • the torque multiplication the cleaning power to the laundry is increased after the start, and then the power consumption of the induction motor 72 is reduced by rapidly moving to the high rotation region side where the motor efficiency is high.
  • washing machine 1 repeats the unique operation of forward rotation/reverse rotation in a short time, the above-described effects are repeatedly obtained, and even if the inverter motor 72 is used in a low-cost configuration, it can be realized as if a frequency converter is used. Efficient operation.
  • the transmission 8 is an automatic shifting speed changing speed ratio according to the rotational speed of the output shaft 72m of the induction motor 72.
  • the variable drive side pulley unit 81 provided on the output shaft 72m side, the variable driven side pulley unit 82 provided on the input shaft 73m side, and the two pulley units 81 and 82 are provided.
  • the V-shaped transmission belt 83 that transmits the power changes the wheel-diameter ratio in a direction in which the reduction ratio becomes smaller in accordance with the rotation speed of the output shaft 72m.
  • the power transmission portion removes the fixed pulley 72a, the flat belt 74, and the fixed pulley 73a from the structure of Fig. 2, and instead mounts the driving side pulley unit 81, the driven side pulley unit 82, and V-belt belt 83.
  • variable-type two-belt units 81, 82 increases only the essential components required for the variable structure. part. Therefore, the moment of inertia when the laundry is pulled to rotate is increased, which contributes to an improvement in the cleaning effect.
  • the drive side pulley unit 81 is provided with a drive side movable sheave 81a that is integrally rotatable and movable in the axial direction to be coupled to the output shaft 72m of the induction motor 72; the drive side fixed pulley 81b is capable of integrally rotating
  • the method is fixed to the output shaft 72m and opposed to the drive side movable pulley 81a, and the rotation speed sensing portion 81c applies an axial displacement corresponding to the rotation speed of the output shaft 72m to the drive side movable pulley. 81a.
  • the opposing faces of the driving side movable sheave 81a and the driving side fixed sheave 81b are in an inverted dish shape in which the distance from the center is larger in the radial direction.
  • the rotation speed sensing unit 81c is composed of a gear plate 81c1 provided at a position facing the drive side movable sheave 81a and having a support surface substantially orthogonal to the output shaft 72m.
  • the heavy duty roller 81c2 is located at the shift plate 81c1 and
  • the driving side movable pulleys 81a are disposed so as to rotate integrally therewith and are rotatable in the radial direction;
  • the tapered guiding surface 81c3 is located on the side of the driving side movable pulley 81a and is located at the position added to the heavy duty roller 81c2.
  • the heavy-duty roller 81c2 When the heavy-duty roller 81c2 is away from the center, the heavy-duty roller 81c2 is biased toward the driving-side fixed pulley 81b side.
  • the driven side pulley unit 82 includes the driven side movable sheave 82a and the input shaft 80m of the rotating portion 80, that is, the power distributing portion 73, so as to be rotatable integrally and movable in the axial direction.
  • the shaft 73m is coupled;
  • the driven side fixed pulley 82b is integrally rotatably fixed to the input shaft 73m and opposed to the driven side movable pulley 82a; and the spring 82c, the driven side movable pulley
  • the 82a elastically biases the driven side fixed pulley 82b.
  • the opposing surfaces of the driven side movable sheave 82a and the driven side fixed sheave 82b are also in an inverted dish shape in which the distance from the center is larger in the radial direction.
  • the V-belt belt 83 is formed into an infinite rail shape using glass fibers, Kevlar fibers, and the like which are excellent in heat resistance and abrasion resistance, and a plurality of teeth are arranged on the inner peripheral surface.
  • Fig. 1 shows the state before the induction motor is started
  • Fig. 4 shows the state after the induction motor is started.
  • the driven side movable pulley 82a is biased by the spring 82c to shorten the opposing distance from the driven side fixed pulley 82b, and the driven side pulley unit is engaged with the V-shaped belt 83.
  • the pulley diameter of 82 is substantially increased. Since the opposite driving side movable sheave 81a does not exert centrifugal force, the heavy duty roller 81c2 is located at a position near the output shaft 72m, and the V-shaped transmission belt 83 is pulled toward both sides of the driven side pulley unit 8 to fix the pulley with the driving side.
  • the pulley diameter of the driving side pulley unit 81 to which the V-shaped belt 83 is engaged is substantially small.
  • the drive side movable pulley 81a When the induction motor 72 is activated from this state, the drive side movable pulley 81a is rotated, and the heavy duty roller 81c2 is moved to the outer peripheral side as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 due to the centrifugal force, and the drive side movable pulley 81a is guided by the guide surface.
  • the 81c3 is pressed toward the heavy-duty roller 81c2 and moved in the direction approaching the drive-side fixed pulley 81b.
  • the opposing distance from the driving side fixed pulley 81b is shortened, and the substantial pulley diameter of the driving side pulley unit 81 is increased by ⁇ r1 with respect to the V-shaped belt 83.
  • the V-shaped belt 83 is pulled toward the side of the driving side pulley unit 81, and the driven side movable pulley 82a is biased against the elastic force of the spring 82c, as shown in Fig. 1 ⁇ Fig. 4, and the driven side fixing pulley 82b.
  • the direction of the opposing distance is shifted so that the substantial pulley diameter is reduced by ⁇ r2 with respect to the V-shaped belt 83.
  • the wheel diameter ratio that is, the reduction ratio, changes linearly.
  • the induction motor 72 is configured to be controlled by the control unit 91 via the motor driver 92.
  • the control unit 91 is, for example, a microcomputer that controls all the washing programs of the washing machine 1, and performs on/off control for energizing the induction motor 72 as a part of the control.
  • (b) of FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an outline of energization control of the induction motor 72 during the washing process as one flow of the placement control unit 91.
  • step S1 the energization in the positive direction is turned on, and when the predetermined driving has elapsed from the energization.
  • the energization is cut off in step S2.
  • the energization in the reverse direction is turned on in the step S3
  • the predetermined driving time T3 has elapsed from the energization
  • the energization is cut off in the step S4.
  • the predetermined inertia rotation time T4 has elapsed from the start of the energization, the process proceeds to step S5.
  • step S5 it is judged whether or not the predetermined process execution time T5 set for the washing process has elapsed from the start of the washing process, that is, from the energization of the first step S1, and if "NO", the process returns to the step S1. When it is "Yes”, the process ends.
  • the drive times T1 and T3 are set to 1.3 seconds
  • the inertia rotation times T2 and T4 are set to 1.5 seconds
  • the process execution time T5 is set to 6 minutes.
  • the driving times T1 and T3 in the case of FIG. 2 are set to 1.3 seconds
  • the inertia rotation times T2 and T4 are set to 0.5 seconds.
  • the execution time T5 is set to 4 minutes.
  • the inertia rotation times T2 and T4 are lengthened in order to extend the time required from the start of the power-off to the stop of the induction motor 72 after the induction motor 72 is started up as the inertia weight generated by the addition of the transmission 8 is increased.
  • the situation corresponds.
  • the pulleys 81a, 81b constituting the drive side pulley unit 81 of Fig. 1; the weight of the rotation sensing portion 81c with respect to the drive side pulley 72a of Fig. 2
  • the difference in weight is the difference between the pulleys 82a and 82b of the driven side pulley unit 82 of Fig. 1 and the weight of the spring 82c with respect to the weight of the driven side pulley 73a of Fig. 2 on the driven side.
  • the predetermined time periods T1 and T3 at the start of the above-described startup are set to be equal to or longer than the time ratio of the transmission of the transmission from the maximum of 1:3.4 to the minimum of 1:1.7. That is, although the current value cannot be controlled in the case where the induction motor 72 is used, in the configuration of the present embodiment, when the induction motor 72 is activated, the transmission 8 changes the gear ratio to the rotating portion 80 after the induction motor 72 is efficiently activated. The required speed, At this time, the induction motor 72 also reaches the high rotation area, so that the time ratio of the area where the motor efficiency is high can be increased to achieve a reduction in power consumption.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing characteristics of an inrush current and a torque with respect to a rotational speed.
  • the inrush current is high in the region where the rotation speed is low and the output torque of the induction motor is low, the operation cannot be performed efficiently, but when the rotation speed becomes high, the inrush current is reduced, and the output torque is increased instead.
  • the torque on the input shaft 72m side can be multiplied via the transmission 8, and the inefficient low-rotation region can be quickly passed and the operation can be performed in the highly efficient high-rotation region.
  • the motor driving process has been described taking the washing process as an example, but the flow based on this may also be performed in the rinsing process.
  • the driving time, the inertia rotation time, the maximum speed ratio, the minimum speed ratio, and the like are not limited to the specific numerical values described above.
  • the output torque can be multiplied by using the transmission, a smaller and lower-cost motor can be employed.

Abstract

一种洗衣机,其能使用感应电机(72)实现如同使用了变频器的情况下的高效的运转。该洗衣机具备:输入轴(80m),对使洗涤物旋转的旋转部(80)输入旋转动力;感应电机(72),向正反方向旋转,成为旋转部(80)的动力源;以及变速器(8),位于该感应电机(72)的输出轴(72m)与旋转部(80)的输入轴(80m)之间,随着启动向降低减速比的方向变速,该洗衣机设计成在感应电机(72)的低效的低旋转区域使从动侧的转矩倍增,并且迅速地通过低旋转区域,移至高旋转区域。

Description

洗衣机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种洗衣机,其设计成能高效地运用感应电机。
背景技术
在洗衣机中,以往多使用低价的感应电机。感应电机是一种AC电机,是在流过交流电的线圈所制造的旋转磁场向转子侧制造感应电流,并通过其产生的磁场与旋转磁场的相互作用进行驱动的电机。一般而言,在这种电机的输出轴上发出的旋转动力经由一对带轮以及传动带,进而经由减速器传递给搅拌翼、脱水桶等旋转部的输入轴(专利文献1)。
另一方面,洗衣机中也被提供采用变频控制的构件。变频控制是能在将交流电变换为直流电之后,再变换为任意频率的交流电并驱动电机的控制方式(专利文献2)。
但是,在感应电机方式中,由于轮径比固定,因此电机的启动迟缓,在低效的低旋转区域的工作变多,除此之外,特别是在一边往正反方向切换旋转一边实施洗涤过程、漂洗过程的洗衣机中,由于启动特性会产生很大的影响,因此存在无法解决效率差的问题的缺点。
另一方面,变频控制方式的洗衣机,虽然能设定为高效运转的频率,但是由于控制系统复杂,因此存在整体上价格高昂的缺点。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2002-166089号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平04-322696号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
本发明着眼于这样的问题,目的在于提供一种由新的结构构成的洗衣机,其能使用感应电机实现如同使用了变频器的情况下的高效的运转。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明为了实现上述目的,采用了如下方案。
即,本发明的洗衣机的特征在于,具备:输入轴,对使洗涤物旋转的旋转部输入旋转动力;感应电机,向正反方向旋转,成为所述旋转部的动力源;以及变速器,位于该感应电机的输出轴与对所述旋转部的输入轴之间,随着启动向降低减速比的方向变速。
作为变速器的优选的实施方式,可以例举出,具备:可变型的驱动侧带轮单元,设置于所述输出轴侧;可变型的从动侧带轮单元,设置于所述输入轴侧;以及传动带,该变速器在两带轮单元之间传送动力,并根据所述输出轴或所述输入轴的转速来改变轮径比。
为了积极地利用像这样使惯性重量增大的情况,优选提供经由驱动器驱动所述感应电机的控制部,进行以对所述旋转部预先设定的规定驱动时间和到该旋转部停止为止的规定惯性旋转时间为工作单位,并按每一个该工作单位反复进行对所述旋转部的反转驱动的控制。
这种情况下的规定驱动时间优选设定为足以使所述变速器的变速比从最大变至最小的时间以上。
发明效果
根据以上说明的本发明,即使感应电机的启动特性固定,也能通过使变速器介入,在感应电机的低效的低旋转区域使从动侧的转矩倍增,迅速地通过该低旋转区域。然后,通过转矩随之倍增而使得启动之后对洗涤物的清洗力提高,然后通过迅速地移至电机效率高的高旋转区域侧从而实现耗电量的减少。洗衣机由于在短时间内反复进行正转/反转这一特有的动作,因此上述的效果会反复出现。因此,根据本发明,即使是使用感应电机的低价的结构,也能实现如同 使用了变频器的情况下的高效的运转。
根据由可变型的带轮单元和传动带构成变速器的本发明,与使用固定型的带轮的结构相比,惯性重量只增加了包括可变结构所需的要素部件的部分。因此,拉动洗涤物进行旋转时的惯性矩也增大,能进一步提高清洗效果。
在这种情况下,当驱动时间相同时,到停止为止的时间也会随着惯性重量增加的部分而变长。当旋转部以与固定型的带轮相同的惯性停止时间进行反转时,会在惯性旋转中反转,但是只要通过本发明的控制部,等旋转部停止再反转,就能将惯性重量所引发的惯性旋转有效地运用于清洗。并且,只要采用这样的设定,由于感应电机每次都会出现速度为0的情况,因此每次都能利用启动时的转矩倍增效果。
特别是,由于只要从最大至最小,最大限度地利用变速比,就会在感应电机高效地启动后,改变变速比并达到旋转部所需的转速,因此能增加电机效率高的高旋转区域的时间占比,实现耗电量的减少。
附图说明
图1是在变速器启动时的状态下表示本发明的一实施方式的洗衣机的主要部分的局部纵剖图。
图2是表示与同一实施方式相比不搭载变速器的洗衣机的大致结构的整体剖视图。
图3是表示同一实施方式的电机的控制系统的说明图。
图4是表示在同一实施方式中使用的变速器的启动后的状态的图。
图5是表示在同一实施方式中使用的感应电机的特性的图表。
附图标记说明
8:变速器;72:感应电机;72m:输出轴;73m:输入轴;80:旋转部;80m:输入轴;81:驱动侧带轮单元;82:从动侧带轮单元;83:传动带;91:控制部;92:驱动器;T1、T3:驱动时间;T2、T4:惯性旋转时间。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的一实施方式进行说明。
图1是表示采用本发明的实施方式的变速器8的洗衣机的局部纵剖图,图2是表示未采用这样的变速器的洗衣机1的整体纵剖图。
首先,关于图2的洗衣机1的基本结构进行说明,在此基础上对安装了本实施方式的变速器的洗衣机进行说明。
洗衣机1为所谓的立式洗衣机,具备壳体2和在其内部由吊棒3悬吊支承的洗涤桶单元4。洗涤桶单元4具备:有底的大致圆筒状的外桶5、在其内部同轴配置的有底的大致圆筒状的内桶6、以及设置于外桶5的底部的驱动机构7。
壳体2由大致矩形状的底面21和从该底面21立起的四个壁面22构成,呈具备上方开口的内部空间Sp的箱形。在壳体2的上端24附近的四角处设置有钩状的悬挂固定部25,该悬挂固定部25通过将吊棒3的基端3A侧悬挂固定,从而作为用于将吊棒3悬吊的支点发挥功能。
在壳体2的上部,设置有与操作面板一体化的罩26,并且该罩26的一部分设置为开闭盖26a,能通过折叠门式操作开闭内部空间Sp。
构成洗涤桶单元4的外桶5是有底的大致圆筒状的部件,具有构成底部的俯视为大致圆形的底板51和从底板51的边缘部立起的周壁52。在周壁52的下部,俯视时在四个位置以均分的方式一体地设置有钩状的被悬吊支承部53。被悬吊支承部53能安装吊棒3的顶端3B侧。
内桶6构成所谓的洗涤脱水桶,构成为有底的大致圆筒状,具有构成底部的俯视时为大致圆形的底板61和从底板61的边缘部立起的周壁62。内桶6在外桶5的内部与该外桶5同轴地配置,并且经由驱动机构7由外桶5可旋转地支承。在底板61以及周壁62,设置有未图示的许多通水孔,能通过该通水孔将内桶6内的水排出。此外,在内桶6的底板61的正上方,同轴状地设置有一般被称为波轮的搅拌翼63。
驱动机构7包括安装于外桶5的底板51的下表面的基部件71、安装于该基 部件71的感应电机72、以及包括离合器的动力分配部73。感应电机72的输出轴72m和动力分配部73的输入轴73m分别具备固定带轮72a、73a,通过在这些固定带轮72a、73a的周围卷绕平传动带74,能相互进行动力的传递。
动力分配部73将输入输入轴73a的旋转动力经由离合器分配给同轴配置的两个输入轴75、76,将内侧的第一输入轴75与上述搅拌翼63的中心连接,将外侧的第二输入轴76与内桶6的底板61连接。动力分配部73根据来自控制单元的指令,通过固定带轮72a、传动带74、固定带轮73a将感应电机72的旋转动力输入输入轴73a,将该旋转动力选择性地只切换至第一输入轴75或切换至第一输入轴75和第二输入轴76双方。由此,洗衣机1在洗涤时主要只使搅拌翼63旋转,在脱水时使内桶6和搅拌翼63一体旋转。本发明的旋转部80在洗涤过程以及漂洗过程中搅拌翼63相当于此,在脱水工序中搅拌翼63以及内桶6相当于此。
在这样的结构中,在本实施方式中,在感应电机72的输出轴72m与旋转部80的输入轴80m(动力分配部73的输入轴73m)之间的动力传递部,夹有图1所示的变速器8。对图1中与图2共通的部分赋予相同的附图标记。
采用变速器8的目的在于,改善感应电机72的特性。对于感应电机72而言,由于固定带轮72a与73a的轮径比始终固定并且在高旋转区域才首次出现有效的转矩,因此启动迟缓,在冲击电流大的低旋转区域的动作较多。除此之外,特别是在向正反方向切换旋转的同时执行洗涤过程、漂洗过程的洗衣机1中,启动特性差会给整体造成很大的影响。
因此,夹有变速器8,随着启动往将减速比按照后述那样从1∶3.4缩小至1∶1.7的方向变速。如此,即使感应电机72的启动特性固定,在该感应电机72的低效的低旋转区域使输入从动侧的输入轴73m的转矩倍增,并迅速地通过该低旋转区域。其结果是,通过转矩倍增,在启动之后提高对洗涤物的清洗力,然后通过迅速地移至电机效率高的高旋转区域侧,从而实现感应电机72的耗电量的降低。洗衣机1由于在短时间内反复进行正转/反转这一特有的动作,因此反复得到上述的效果,即使是使用感应电机72的低价的结构,也能实现如同使用了变频器的情况下的高效的运转。
该变速器8是根据感应电机72的输出轴72m的转速改变变速比的自动变速 器。具体地说,具有设置于输出轴72m侧的可变型的驱动侧带轮单元81、设置于输入轴73m侧的可变型的从动侧带轮单元82、以及在两带轮单元81、82之间传送动力的V型传动带83,根据输出轴72m的转速往减速比变小的方向改变轮径比。简单地将结构进行对比的话,该动力传递部从图2的结构中去掉固定带轮72a、平传动带74以及固定带轮73a,取而代之安装驱动侧带轮单元81、从动侧带轮单元82以及V型传动带83。
将这样的所谓V型传动带式变速器的构造与图2所示的固定型的带轮构造相比较的话,可变型的两带轮单元81、82的惯性重量只增加可变结构所需的要素部件的部分。因此,拉动洗涤物进行旋转时的惯性矩增大,能有助于提高清洗效果。
驱动侧带轮单元81具备:驱动侧可动带轮81a,以能一体旋转并且能沿着轴向移动的方式与感应电机72的输出轴72m连接;驱动侧固定带轮81b,以能一体旋转的方式固定在所述输出轴72m并且与所述驱动侧可动带轮81a对置;以及转速感应部81c,将与输出轴72m的转速对应的轴向的位移施加给驱动侧可动带轮81a。
驱动侧可动带轮81a以及驱动侧固定带轮81b的对置面呈越是沿着径向远离中心对置距离越大的倒碟状。
转速感应部81c由以下部件构成:变速板81c1,设置于与驱动侧可动带轮81a对置的位置并且具有与输出轴72m大致正交的支承面;重型辊子81c2,位于该变速板81c1与驱动侧可动带轮81a之间,以与它们一体旋转的方式配置并且能向径向转动;锥状的引导面81c3,位于驱动侧可动带轮81a侧并且位于增设在重型辊子81c2的位置,随着该重型辊子81c2远离中心,被重型辊子81c2向驱动侧固定带轮81b侧施力。
另一方面,从动侧带轮单元82具备:从动侧可动带轮82a,以能一体旋转并且能沿着轴向移动的方式与旋转部80的输入轴80m即动力分配部73的输入轴73m连接;从动侧固定带轮82b,可一体旋转地固定在所述输入轴73m并且与所述从动侧可动带轮82a对置;以及弹簧82c,将从动侧可动带轮82a向从动侧固定带轮82b弹性施力。
从动侧可动带轮82a以及从动侧固定带轮82b的对置面也呈越是沿着径向远离中心对置距离越大的倒碟状。
V型传动带83使用耐热性、耐磨损性等优良的玻璃纤维、凯夫拉(KEVLAR)纤维等形成为无限轨道状,在内周面列设有多个齿。
图1表示感应电机启动前的状态,图4表示感应电机启动后的状态。最初从动侧可动带轮82a处于被弹簧82c施力,缩短了与从动侧固定带轮82b的对置距离的图1的状态,V型传动带83所卡合的从动侧带轮单元82的带轮径实质上变大。由于相对的驱动侧可动带轮81a不作用离心力,因此重型辊子81c2位于输出轴72m附近的位置,V型传动带83处于被拉向从动侧带轮单元8两侧从而与驱动侧固定带轮81b的对置距离增大的状态,V型传动带83所卡合的驱动侧带轮单元81的带轮径实质上变小。此时的轮径比在本实施方式中为驱动侧∶从动侧=1∶3.4,与后述的启动后的轮径比相比,从动侧的转速相对于驱动侧的转速低,减速比大。
当感应电机72从该状态启动时,通过驱动侧可动带轮81a旋转,重型辊子81c2由于离心力,如图1→图4那样向外周侧移动,随之驱动侧可动带轮81a通过引导面81c3被压向重型辊子81c2,向接近驱动侧固定带轮81b的方向移动。其结果是,与驱动侧固定带轮81b的对置距离缩短,使驱动侧带轮单元81的实质的带轮径相对于V型传动带83只增大Δr1。随之,V型传动带83被拉向驱动侧带轮单元81侧,从动侧可动带轮82a抵抗弹簧82c的弹力,如图1→图4那样往增大与从动侧固定带轮82b的对置距离的方向移动,使实质的带轮径相对于V型传动带83只减少Δr2。此时的轮径比在本实施方式中为驱动侧∶从动侧=1∶1.7,与上述的启动时的轮径比相比,从动侧的转速相对于驱动侧的转速变高,减速比变小。这期间,轮径比即减速比线性变化。
另一方面,如图3(a)所示,感应电机72以由控制单元91经由电机驱动器92进行控制的方式构成。控制部91例如为司职该洗衣机1的所有洗涤程序的控制的微型计算机,作为控制的一环进行对感应电机72通电的接通/切断控制。图3(b)表示作为置入控制部91的一个流程,对洗涤过程中的感应电机72进行的通电控制的概要的流程图。
首先,在步骤S1中接通向正方向的通电,在从通电开始经过了规定驱动时 间T1后,在步骤S2中将通电切断。接着,在从切断通电开始经过了规定惯性旋转时间T2后,这次在步骤S3中接通向反方向的通电,在从通电开始经过了规定驱动时间T3后,在步骤S4中将通电切断。然后,从切断通电开始经过了规定惯性旋转时间T4后,移至步骤S5。在该步骤S5中,判断从洗涤过程开始时即从最初的步骤S1的通电接通开始是否经过了对洗涤过程设定的规定的过程执行时间T5,当为“否”时,返回步骤S1,当为“是”时,结束流程。
换句话说,以对旋转部80的规定驱动时间T1(T3)和到旋转部80即搅拌翼63停止为止的规定惯性旋转时间T2(T4)为工作单位,并按每一个该工作单位反复进行对旋转部80的反转驱动的控制。
在本实施方式中,驱动时间T1、T3设定为1.3秒,惯性旋转时间T2、T4设定为1.5秒,过程执行时间T5设定为6分钟。与之对比,与未采用变速器8的图2的结构的情况进行比较,则图2的情况下的驱动时间T1、T3设定为1.3秒,惯性旋转时间T2、T4设定为0.5秒,过程执行时间T5设定为4分钟。相对于驱动时间T1、T3相同,惯性旋转时间T2、T4变长是为了与随着加入变速器8而产生的惯性重量的增加使得感应电机72启动后从断电开始到停止所需的时间延长的情况相对应。随着惯性重量的增加而增大的是,在驱动侧,构成图1的驱动侧带轮单元81的带轮81a、81b;旋转感应部81c的重量相对于图2的驱动侧带轮72a的重量的差分,在从动侧,构成图1的从动侧带轮单元82的带轮82a、82b;弹簧82c的重量相对于图2的从动侧带轮73a的重量的差分。
即,在图1的结构中,当以与固定型的带轮72a、73a相同的惯性停止时间T2、T4=0.5秒进行反转时,会在惯性旋转中会使旋转反转,虽然耗电变大,但是通过将惯性停止时间T2、T4设定为=1.5秒并等到停止再反转,不仅不会造成用电浪费,还能将惯性重量所引发的惯性旋转有效地运用于清洗。并且,根据这样的设定,由于感应电机72每次都会出现速度为0的情况,因此每次都能利用启动时的转矩倍增效果。
然后,上述的启动时的规定时间T1、T3设定为足以使变速器的变速比从最大的1∶3.4变至最小的1∶1.7的时间以上。即,虽然在使用感应电机72的情况下无法控制电流值,但是在本实施方式的构造下由于当启动感应电机72时,在感应电机72高效地启动后,变速器8改变变速比达到旋转部80所需的转速, 此时感应电机72也到达高旋转区域,因此能使电机效率高的区域的时间占比增加从而实现耗电量的减少。
图5是表示相对于转速的冲击电流以及转矩的特性的图。虽然在转速低的区域冲击电流多而感应电机的输出转矩低,不能高效地运转,但是当转速变高时冲击电流会减少,取而代之输出转矩增加。根据本实施方式,能经由变速器8使输入轴72m侧的转矩倍增,迅速地通过低效的低旋转区域并且能在高效的高旋转区域进行运转。
以上,关于本发明的一实施方式进行了说明,但是各部分的具体结构不局限于上述的实施方式。
例如,在上述实施方式中以洗涤过程为例对电机驱动流程进行了说明,但是也可以在漂洗过程中执行以此为基准的流程。
此外,驱动时间、惯性旋转时间;最大变速比、最小变速比等也不局限于上述的具体数值。
进而,由于通过采用变速器,能将输出转矩倍增,因此可以采用更小型并且低价的电机。
其他的结构也可以在不脱离本发明的技术精神的范围内进行各种变形。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种洗衣机,其特征在于,具备:
    输入轴,对使洗涤物旋转的旋转部输入旋转动力;
    感应电机,向正反方向旋转,成为所述旋转部的动力源;以及
    变速器,位于该感应电机的输出轴与对所述旋转部的输入轴之间,随着启动向降低减速比的方向变速。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的洗衣机,其特征在于,
    所述变速器具备:
    可变型的驱动侧带轮单元,设置于所述输出轴侧;
    可变型的从动侧带轮单元,设置于所述输入轴侧;以及
    传动带,能在两个带轮单元之间传送动力,
    所述变速器根据所述输出轴或所述输入轴的转速改变轮径比。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的洗衣机,其特征在于,
    具备:经由驱动器驱动所述感应电机的控制部,
    该控制部以对所述旋转部预先设定的规定驱动时间和到该旋转部停止为止的规定惯性旋转时间为工作单位,并按每一个该工作单位反复进行对所述旋转部的反转驱动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的洗衣机,其特征在于,
    所述规定驱动时间设定为足以使所述变速器的变速比从最大变至最小的时间以上。
PCT/CN2016/094007 2015-08-07 2016-08-08 洗衣机 WO2017025010A1 (zh)

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EP16834634.4A EP3333304A4 (en) 2015-08-07 2016-08-08 WASHING MACHINE
US15/749,312 US20180216275A1 (en) 2015-08-07 2016-08-08 Washing machine
KR1020187006503A KR102015387B1 (ko) 2015-08-07 2016-08-08 세탁기
CN201680046469.6A CN107849789B (zh) 2015-08-07 2016-08-08 洗衣机

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JP2015157146A JP2017035202A (ja) 2015-08-07 2015-08-07 洗濯機

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JP2017038652A (ja) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 青島海爾洗衣机有限公司QingDao Haier Washing Machine Co.,Ltd. 洗濯機

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US20180216275A1 (en) 2018-08-02
CN107849789A (zh) 2018-03-27
KR20180033299A (ko) 2018-04-02
JP2017035202A (ja) 2017-02-16
CN107849789B (zh) 2020-06-23
KR102015387B1 (ko) 2019-10-21
EP3333304A1 (en) 2018-06-13

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