WO2017020793A1 - 含钴、镍矿的富集方法 - Google Patents

含钴、镍矿的富集方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017020793A1
WO2017020793A1 PCT/CN2016/092410 CN2016092410W WO2017020793A1 WO 2017020793 A1 WO2017020793 A1 WO 2017020793A1 CN 2016092410 W CN2016092410 W CN 2016092410W WO 2017020793 A1 WO2017020793 A1 WO 2017020793A1
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cobalt
gas
nickel
ore
gas outlet
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PCT/CN2016/092410
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English (en)
French (fr)
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江学艺
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江学艺
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases

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  • the present invention relates to the field of beneficiation technology, and in particular to a method for enriching cobalt and nickel in cobalt-containing and nickel-containing minerals to a higher grade.
  • the existing cobalt-containing ore-rich enrichment method that is, the first prior art, such as "a cobalt ore-containing beneficiation method" (patent application number: 201510672435.5, application publication date December 30, 2015)
  • the method is to first crush the cobalt-containing mineral material, and then directly perform multiple magnetic and flotation to obtain the enriched cobalt ore.
  • This technology has the following problems:
  • [0003] High energy consumption. Due to the need to crush the ore, on the one hand, due to the high hardness of the ore, it is difficult to break, and the energy consumption is high; on the other hand, after the crushing, the magnetic separation and flotation are directly carried out, and the particle size of the broken material is required to be high, up to -0.074 mm. 50-90%, the greater the increase in crushing energy consumption.
  • the enrichment selection rate is low: the larger the amount of cobalt ore, the specific magnetization coefficient is similar to that of gangue and other impurities, and it is not easy to separate and enrich by magnetic separation. Therefore, the enrichment result of the method will result in the existence of A large amount of cobalt ore cannot be separated from low-grade ore.
  • Another existing method for enriching and recovering cobalt and nickel ore is "a red earth nickel ore process enriched in nickel and/or cobalt" (patent application number) For: 200810246586.4, application for public notice on May 27, 2009), the technology is to sort limonite and serpentine ore, and then separately wash and sift, and finally magnetically select -0.076mm minerals. .
  • the technical solution is mainly due to lack of flotation. There is still a lack of items 1 and 2 in the first prior art solution.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an enrichment method containing cobalt and nickel ore. This method can solve the problems of high energy consumption and low selection rate of cobalt and nickel in the existing cobalt and nickel ore enrichment methods. Problem solution
  • the cobalt-containing ore-rich enrichment method of the present invention comprises the following steps: First, the cobalt-containing ore is subjected to reduction treatment, and then the enriched cobalt ore is obtained by magnetic separation.
  • the method for enriching cobalt-containing ore may be carried out in a reduction furnace with a mineral inlet and a mineral outlet; in the reduction furnace a reducing gas outlet port is disposed between the mineral inlet and the mineral outlet, and a gas-entraining gas outlet is arranged between the mineral inlet and the reducing gas outlet; the reducing gas passes through the reducing gas outlet
  • the input to the cobalt-containing mineral material accumulated in the reduction furnace reacts with the cobalt-containing mineral material; the combustion gas is fed into the reduction furnace through the combustion gas outlet port to support combustion, so as to accumulate above the gas-supporting gas outlet
  • the cobalt mineral material is preheated.
  • the particle size of the cobalt-containing mineral material is less than 30 mm; and the reduction between the reducing gas outlet port and the gas-supporting gas outlet port The reduction temperature of the zone is less than 500 ° C; the cobalt-containing mineral material subjected to the reduction treatment is pulverized to a particle size of less than 80 mesh and then magnetically selected.
  • the nickel-containing ore-rich enrichment method of the present invention comprises the steps of: first subjecting a nickel-containing ore to a reduction treatment, and then obtaining an enriched nickel ore by magnetic separation.
  • a preferred scheme for the reduction treatment may be carried out in a reduction furnace with a mineral inlet and a mineral outlet; in the reduction furnace a reducing gas outlet port is disposed between the mineral material inlet and the mineral material outlet, and a gas-supporting gas outlet is disposed between the mineral material inlet and the reducing gas outlet port; and the reducing gas passes through the reducing gas
  • the gas port is input to the nickel-containing mineral material accumulated in the reduction furnace to react with the nickel-containing mineral material; the combustion gas is fed into the reduction furnace through the gas-supporting gas outlet to support combustion, so as to accumulate above the gas-supporting gas outlet
  • the nickel-containing mineral material is preheated.
  • the nickel-containing mineral material has a particle size of less than 30 mm; and the reduction region between the reducing gas outlet port and the gas-supporting gas outlet port The reduction temperature is less than 500 ° C; the nickel-containing mineral material subjected to the reduction treatment is pulverized to a particle size of less than 80 mesh and then magnetically selected.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
  • the prior art enriches the ore containing 11.07% of cobalt, and the selectivity of cobalt enrichment exceeds the original ore grade is 76.42%, enriched ore
  • the average grade is 28.4% cobalt; this technology enriches the ore containing 4.01% cobalt, the cobalt ore enrichment exceeds the original ore grade, the selection rate is 94%, and the grade of the enriched ore is 31.52% cobalt;
  • the technology enriches the ore containing 1.20% of nickel.
  • the nickel ore enrichment exceeds the original ore grade by 90%, and the grade of enriched ore is 3.50% of nickel.
  • the crushing of the ore should not be too fine, and the particle size is preferably only 30 mm or less, which is many times larger than the prior art -0.074 mm, 50-90% or -0.074 mm, and after the reduction treatment.
  • the particle size of the crushed ore material is only less than 80 mesh, which is several times the particle size required by the prior art, and the hardness of the mineral material after the reduction treatment is also much smaller, and the wearability is more than 5 times that of the original mineral material (by grinding) In comparison, the process of crushing and crushing can greatly reduce energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reduction furnace used in an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • FIG 2 is a front view of the gas-supplementing gas pipe and the reducing gas-steaming pipe in the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a plan view of a gas-assisted gas pipe and a reducing gas pipe in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 3.
  • Example 1 Method for enrichment treatment of cobalt containing 4.01% of ore:
  • the cobalt-containing mineral material is broken to less than 30 mm; [0026] 2.
  • the crushed cobalt-containing mineral material is then subjected to a reduction treatment;
  • the reduced cobalt-containing mineral material is pulverized to a particle size of less than 80 mesh;
  • the above reduction treatment is carried out in a reduction furnace having a mineral inlet and a mineral outlet, and a reduction hopper has a feed hopper 1 at the upper end thereof, and a furnace shell 2 in the feed hopper 1 and the reduction furnace
  • the inlet is the flue gas outlet
  • the inlet of the upper end of the feed hopper 1 is the inlet of the mineral material of the reduction furnace
  • the lower end of the reduction furnace is connected with a screw conveyor 16 through the collecting hopper portion 8, and the mineral material outlet of the screw conveyor 16
  • the ore after the reduction reaction is discharged from the furnace.
  • the reduction furnace is provided with a gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 and a reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7, and the reducing gas outlet port on the reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7 is disposed between the mineral material inlet and the mineral material outlet of the reduction furnace;
  • the auxiliary gas outlet port is disposed between the mineral inlet and the reducing gas outlet of the reduction furnace.
  • the gas-storing gas pipe 5 and the reducing gas gas pipe 7 divide the interior of the reduction furnace into a preheating zone T1, a reaction zone ⁇ 2 and a cooling zone ⁇ 3, and the preheating zone T1 is from the outlet of the feed hopper 1 to the gas-suppressing gas pipe 5
  • the reaction zone ⁇ 2 is the area from the gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 to the reducing gas-discharging pipe 7, and the cooling zone ⁇ 3 is the area between the reducing gas-laid gas pipe 7 and the lower end of the collecting hopper portion of the reduction furnace, that is,
  • the gas distribution gas pipe 5 is installed at the joint portion of the preheating zone T1 and the reaction zone ⁇ 2, and the reduction gas distribution gas pipe 7 is installed at the joint portion of the reaction zone ⁇ 2 and the cooling zone ⁇ 3.
  • the upper portion of the preheating zone T1 is provided with a distributor composed mainly of a tapered cylinder 3 whose height position can be adjusted; in the furnace casing 2, the upper portion of the cooling zone 3 is filled with gas cooling.
  • the inlet of the gas cooler 8 is connected through a pipe 9 to an air outlet of the air blower 10 having a regulating damper at the inlet, and the outlet of the gas cooler 8 is connected to the inlet of the gas cloth air pipe 5 through the pipe 6, that is, the gas inlet;
  • a lower portion of the cooling zone 3 is provided with a water cooler 13, and an inlet of the water cooler 13 is connected to a water pipe 15 with a valve, and an outlet of the water cooler 13 is connected to a steam of the water gas generator 14 through a pipe 12. Entrance;
  • the water gas outlet of the water gas generator 14 is connected to the reducing gas inlet of the reduction furnace through the pipe 11, i.e., the inlet of the reducing gas distribution pipe 7.
  • the structure of the gas-strapping gas pipe 5 and the reducing gas pipe 7 are the same, and their structures are as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, and a main pipe 21 is disposed laterally on two opposite sides of the main pipe 21.
  • One end of the main pipe 21 is open as a gas-assisted gas inlet, and the other end is closed; one end of each branch pipe 22 is connected to the main pipe, and the other end is closed; one end of each gas outlet pipe 23 is connected to the branch pipe connected thereto, and the other end is open as a help. Gas outlet.
  • the cobalt-containing ore Before entering the hopper 1 of the reduction furnace, the cobalt-containing ore is first sieved to form a cobalt-containing ore having a particle size of less than 30 mm, and then the mineral material to be reduced is further treated. 4 is conveyed to the hopper 1 in Fig. 1 by a hoist.
  • the air blasted by the air blower 10 is used as the combustion gas used in the reduction treatment of the cobalt-containing mineral material, and the combustion gas enters through the pipe 9 and passes through the reduction furnace to form a gas cooler 8 mainly composed of a spiral pipe, so that the gas passes through the gas.
  • the combustion gas in the cooler 8 is heated, and the mineral material 4 outside the gas cooler 8 is cooled.
  • the heated combustion gas is then discharged through the pipeline 6 and the gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 from the gas-supplement gas outlet of the gas-supplementing gas pipe 5, and the discharged combustion gas is mixed with the reducing gas from the upper end of the reaction zone T2 and is not completed.
  • the heat generated is used to preheat the cobalt-containing mineral 4 in the preheating zone T1.
  • the accumulation height of the mineral material 4 in the preheating zone T1 can be adjusted, so that the cobalt-containing mineral material 4 can obtain an ideal preheating effect and can prevent waste of thermal energy.
  • the water gas generator 14 adjusts the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the water gas and the amount of output by adjusting the amount of input coal and controlling the amount of input steam.
  • the water gas produced by the water gas generator 14 is used as a reducing gas used in the reduction treatment of the cobalt-containing ore material, and the reducing gas is supplied to the reduction furnace through the pipe 11 and the reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7, and is in contact with the mineral material in the reaction zone T2 of the reduction furnace.
  • An oxidation-reduction reaction occurs to reduce the cobalt-containing mineral material 4.
  • the present embodiment and the examples of the present invention including the embodiments of the present invention described below show many of the results of the practice of the present invention. The higher the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the reducing gas, the reduction obtained by the cobalt-containing mineral material 4. The better the effect.
  • the tap water is introduced into the water cooler 13 mainly composed of a spiral tube through a tap water pipe 15 with a valve, and the water flowing through the water cooler 13 is converted into steam by heat, and is introduced into the water gas generator 14 through the pipe 12.
  • the water flowing through the water cooler 13 causes the cobalt-containing mineral material 4 outside the water cooler 13 to be further cooled, and the size of the tap water valve is adjusted to control the steam production and the degree of cooling of the mineral material 4.
  • These re-cooled minerals 4 are cooled to such an extent that they are not reoxidized with air, and can be discharged outside the reduction furnace by the screw conveyor 16.
  • the speed at which the cobalt-containing mineral material 4 is discharged by controlling the screw conveyor 16 The degree of reaction in the reaction zone T1 can be adjusted to be below 500 ° C. It has been proved that too high a reaction temperature causes sintering of the cobalt-containing mineral material, and the energy consumption is too high, and impurities are infiltrated into the cobalt, increasing It is difficult to separate and enrich the later stage.
  • the water gas generator 14 adjusts the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the water gas and the amount of output by controlling the amount of input coal and controlling the amount of input steam.
  • the water gas generated by the water gas generator 14 is used as the reducing gas used in the reduction treatment, and the reducing gas is supplied to the reduction furnace through the pipe 11 and the reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7, and is oxidized with the cobalt-containing mineral material 4 in the reaction zone T2 of the reduction furnace -
  • the reduction reaction is carried out to reduce the cobalt-containing mineral material 4 and increase its specific magnetic susceptibility.
  • Example 2 Method for enriching treatment of 1.2% of ore containing nickel:
  • the nickel-containing mineral material is broken to less than 30 mm;
  • the reduced nickel-containing mineral material is pulverized to a particle size of less than 80 mesh;
  • the other parts of the reduction treatment are identical to those in the first embodiment except that the ore is 1.2% nickel ore.

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Abstract

一种含钴、镍矿的富集方法。该富集方法是先将含钴、镍矿进行还原处理，然后通过磁选获得富集的钴、镍矿。这种方法可以解决现有的钴、镍矿富集方法存在能耗高，钴、镍选出率低的问题。

Description

技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及选矿技术领域， 具体来说是一种将含钴、 镍矿料中的钴、 镍富集到 较高品位的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 现有含钴矿的富集方法， 即第一个现有技术， 如"一种含钴矿的选矿方法" （专 利申请号为： 201510672435.5， 申请公布日 2015年 12月 30日） ， 该方法是将含钴 矿料先行破碎， ， 然后直接进行多次磁、 浮选后获得富集的钴矿。 这种技术存 在如下问题：
[0003] 1 . 能耗高。 由于需要对原矿进行破碎， 一方面， 由于原矿硬度高， 破碎困难 ， 能耗高； 另一方面， 破碎后直接进行磁选和浮选， 对矿料破碎粒径要求高， 达 -0.074mm占 50-90%， 更大大地增加了破碎能耗。
[0004] 2. 富集选出率低： 尚存较大量的钴矿其比磁化系数与脉石等杂质相近， 不容 易通过磁选分离富集， 因此该法富集的结果会造成存在较大量的钴矿无法从低 品位的矿中分离出来。
[0005] 3 . 需要多次磁、 浮选， 不仅产率低， 而且需要较大量的浮选剂， 因此会带来 废水、 废澄处理的问题。
[0006] 现有的另一种对钴、 镍矿进行富集回收的方法， 即第二个现有技术， 是"一种 富集镍和 /或钴的红土镍矿工艺" （专利申请号为： 200810246586.4， 申请公幵日 2009年 5月 27日） ， 该技术是将褐铁矿和蛇纹石矿分选， 然后分别洗矿、 筛分， 最后还是将 -0.076mm矿料进行磁选。 该技术方案与上述第一个现有技术方案相 比， 其主要分别在于缺少浮选。 仍然存在第一个现有技术方案中的第 1、 2项不 足。
技术问题
[0007] 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种含钴、 镍矿的富集方法。 采用这种方法 可以解决现有的钴、 镍矿富集方法存在能耗高、 钴、 镍选出率低的问题。 问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0008] 为了解决本发明的问题， 本发明的含钴矿的富集方法包括下列步骤： 先将含钴 矿进行还原处理， 然后通过磁选获得富集的钴矿。
[0009] 上述含钴矿的富集方法， 所述还原处理可以采用的较好方案是在一个上设矿料 进口、 下设矿料出口的还原炉中进行； 在所述还原炉内的所述矿料进口和所述 矿料出口之间设有还原气出气口， 在所述矿料进口和所述还原气出气口之间设 有助燃气出气口； 还原气体通过所述还原气出气口输入到堆积在所述还原炉内 的含钴矿料中与含钴矿料发生反应； 助燃气通过助燃气出气口输入所述还原炉 内助燃， 使堆积在所述助燃气出气口以上的含钴矿料获得预热。
[0010] 上述含钴矿的富集方法中， 更好的方案是： 所述含钴矿料的粒径在 30毫米以下 ； 所述还原气出气口至所述助燃气出气口之间的还原区的还原温度小于 500°C； 经过所述还原处理的含钴矿料经粉碎至粒度小于 80目后再进行磁选。
[0011] 为了解决本发明的问题， 本发明的含镍矿的富集方法包括下列步骤： 先将含镍 矿进行还原处理， 然后通过磁选获得富集的镍矿。
[0012] 上述含镍矿的富集方法中， 所述还原处理可以采用的较好方案是在一个上设矿 料进口、 下设矿料出口的还原炉中进行； 在所述还原炉内的所述矿料进口和所 述矿料出口之间设有还原气出气口， 在所述矿料进口和所述还原气出气口之间 设有助燃气出气口； 还原气体通过所述还原气出气口输入到堆积在所述还原炉 内的含镍矿料中与含镍矿料发生反应； 助燃气通过助燃气出气口输入所述还原 炉内助燃， 使堆积在所述助燃气出气口以上的含镍矿料获得预热。
[0013] 上述含镍矿的富集方法， 更好的方案是： 所述含镍矿料的粒径在 30毫米以下； 所述还原气出气口至所述助燃气出气口之间的还原区的还原温度小于 500°C； 经 过所述还原处理的含镍矿料经粉碎至粒度小于 80目后再进行磁选。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0014] 由于采用了上述技术方案， 本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
[0015] 1.由于还原处理可以使钴矿和镍矿的比磁化系数提高上千倍， 因此， 还原处理 与之后的磁选相组合可以大大提高钴矿和镍矿的富集选出率。 如与本发明所述 第一个现有技术实施例 1相比： 现有技术对含钴 11.07%的原矿进行富集， 其钴富 集超过原矿品位的选出率为 76.42%， 富集矿的平均品位为含钴 28.4%; 本技术对 含钴 4.01%的原矿进行富集， 其钴矿富集超过原矿品位的选出率为 94%， 富集矿 的品位为含钴 31.52%; 本技术对含镍 1.20%的原矿进行富集， 其镍矿富集超过原 矿品位的选出率为 90%， 富集矿的品位为含镍 3.50%。
[0016] 2.能耗低。 在还原处理前， 对原矿进行破碎不需要过细， 最好粒径仅 30毫米以 下， 相比现有技术的 -0.074毫米占 50-90%或 -0.074毫米要大许多倍， 而在还原处 理后粉碎矿料粒径也只是小于 80目， 是现有技术要求粒径的几倍， 而且经过还 原处理后的矿料硬度也小很多， 其易磨性是原矿料的 5倍以上 （以研磨吋间相比 计） ， 因此， 在破碎和粉碎这道工序便可大大降低能耗。
[0017] 3. 由于不存在浮选造成的废水、 废澄的处理问题， 其富集处理总能耗以粒径 3 0厘米以下的原矿为例， 每处理一吨原矿， 需耗标准煤 50千克以下， 电小于 25千 瓦吋。
[0018] 4. 由于还原气体是加入矿料进口在上， 矿料出口在下的还原炉中， 在反应区 内， 还原气与矿料的运动方向相反， 因此可以让矿料的还原进程获得理想的效 果。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0019] 图 1是本发明方法实施例所采用还原炉的结构示意图。
[0020] 图 2是本发明中助燃气布气管和还原气布气管的主视图。
[0021] 图 3是本发明中助燃气布气管和还原气布气管的俯视图。
[0022] 图 4是图 3中 A处的局部放大视图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0023] 实施例 1—含钴 4.01%的原矿进行富集处理的方法：
[0024] 本方法的步骤是：
[0025] 1 . 先将含钴矿料破碎至小于 30毫米以下； [0026] 2. 然后将破碎后的含钴矿料进行还原处理；
[0027] 3. 将还原处理的含钴矿料经粉碎至粒度小于 80目；
[0028] 4. 采用磁场强度 5000高斯的磁选机磁选后， 获得含钴量为 31.52%的钴精矿粉 ， 钴的回收率为 94%。
[0029] 上述还原处理是在一个上设矿料进口、 下设矿料出口的还原炉中进行， 还原炉 的上端有一个进料斗 1， 在进料斗 1和还原炉的炉壳 2之间为烟气出口， 进料斗 1 的上端进口为还原炉的待还原矿料的矿料进口， 还原炉下端通过集料斗部 8连接 有一个螺旋输送机 16， 螺旋输送机 16的矿料出口为还原炉的矿料出口， 经过还 原反应后的矿料从这里输出炉外。
[0030] 还原炉设有助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7， 还原气布气管 7上的还原气出气 口设在还原炉的矿料进口和矿料出口之间； 助燃气布气管 5上的助燃气出气口设 在还原炉的矿料进口和还原气体出口之间。 助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7将 还原炉的内部分成预热区 Tl、 反应区 Τ2和冷却区 Τ3， 预热区 T1是从进料斗 1的出 口至助燃气布气管 5之间的区域， 反应区 Τ2是从助燃气布气管 5至还原气布气管 7 之间的区域， 冷却区 Τ3是从还原气布气管 7至还原炉的集料斗部的下端之间的区 域， 即助燃气布气管 5装在预热区 T1和反应区 Τ2的接合部， 还原气布气管 7装在 反应区 Τ2和冷却区 Τ3的接合部。
[0031] 在炉壳 2内， 预热区 T1的上部装有一个主要由高度位置可以调节的锥形筒体 3构 成的布料器； 在炉壳 2内， 冷却区 Τ3的上部装有气体冷却器 8， 气体冷却器 8的进 口通过管道 9连接一个在进口设有调节风门的鼓风机 10的出风口， 气体冷却器 8 的出口通过管道 6接助燃气布气管 5的入口， 即助燃气入口； 在炉壳 2内， 冷却区 Τ3的下部装有水冷却器 13， 水冷却器 13的进口连接有带阀门的自来水管 15， 水 冷却器 13的出口通过管道 12连接一个水煤气发生炉 14的蒸汽入口；
[0032] 水煤气发生炉 14的水煤气出口通过管道 11接还原炉的还原气入口， 即还原气布 气管 7的入口。
[0033] 为本实施例中助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7的结构相同， 它们的结构如图 2 至图 4所示， 有一根主管 21， 在主管 21两个相对侧面分别横向设置有十四根支管 22， 每根支管 22的一侧， 即在图 1中朝向下方的一侧， 分别设有多个出气管 23。 主管 21的一端敞幵作为助燃气入口， 另一端封闭； 每一根支管 22的一端与主管 连通， 另一端封闭； 每根出气管 23的一端与其相连接的支管连通， 另一端敞幵 作为助燃气出气口。
[0034] 本实施例的含钴矿的还原处理的方法是这样的：
[0035] 含钴矿在进入还原炉的料斗 1前， 先将块状的含钴矿过筛， 得到粒径小于 30毫 米的待还原处理的矿料 4， 然后再将待还原处理的矿料 4通过提升机输送到图 1中 的料斗 1中。
[0036] 鼓风机 10鼓出的空气作为本含钴矿料的还原处理中采用的助燃气， 该助燃气通 过管道 9进入并通过还原炉以螺旋管为主构成的气体冷却器 8， 使通过气体冷却 器 8内的助燃气获得加热， 同吋使气体冷却器 8外部的矿料 4获得冷却。 经过加热 后的助燃气再通过管道 6和助燃气布气管 5， 从助燃气布气管 5的助燃气出气口排 出， 排出的助燃气与来自反应区 T2上端后未完成反应的还原气体混合进行燃烧 ， 所产生的热量用于对预热区 T1内的含钴矿料 4预热。 调节预热区 T1内的锥形筒 体 3的高度， 可以调节预热区 T1内矿料 4的堆积高度， 从而使含钴矿料 4获得理想 的预热效果而且可以防止热能的浪费。
[0037] 水煤气发生炉 14通过从控制输入煤的数量和通过控制输入蒸汽的数量来调节其 获得水煤气中一氧化碳和氢的浓度和输出数量的大小。 水煤气发生炉 14产生的 水煤气作为本含钴矿料的还原处理中采用的还原气， 该还原气通过管道 11和还 原气布气管 7输入还原炉， 并与还原炉反应区 T2中的矿料 4发生氧化-还原反应， 使含钴矿料 4获得还原。 本实施例和包括下面介绍的本发明实施例在内， 本发明 人所进行过的许多、 各次实践结果表明： 还原气中的一氧化碳和氢气的浓度越 高， 含钴矿料 4获得的还原效果越好。
[0038] 自来水通过带阀门的自来水管 15输入还原炉以螺旋管为主构成的水冷却器 13内 ， 流经水冷却器 13的水受热转变成为蒸汽， 并通过管道 12输入水煤气发生炉 14 内用于生产水煤气， 流经水冷却器 13的水同吋使水冷却器 13外部的含钴矿料 4获 得进一步冷却， 调节自来水阀门的大小， 可以控制蒸汽的产量和矿料 4的冷却程 度。 这些经过再次冷却的矿料 4冷却到不至于与空气发生再氧化的程度后， 便可 以通过螺旋输送机 16排出还原炉外。 通过控制螺旋输送机 16排出含钴矿料 4的速 度可以调节反应区 Tl中的反应温度在 500°C以下， 实践证明， 过高的反应温度会 造成含钴矿料的烧结， 并且会造成能耗过高， 并且会造成杂质渗入钴当中， 增 加后期分离富集难度。 水煤气发生炉 14通过从控制输入煤的数量和通过控制输 入蒸汽的数量来调节其获得水煤气中一氧化碳和氢气的浓度和输出数量的大小 。 水煤气发生炉 14产生的水煤气作为本还原处理中采用的还原气， 该还原气通 过管道 11和还原气布气管 7输入还原炉， 并与还原炉反应区 T2中的含钴矿料 4发 生氧化 -还原反应， 使含钴矿料 4获得还原， 增大其比磁化系数。
本发明的实施方式
[0039] 实施例 2—含镍 1.2%的原矿进行富集处理的方法：
[0040] 本方法的步骤是：
[0041] 1 . 先将含镍矿料破碎至小于 30毫米以下；
[0042] 2. 然后将破碎后的含钴矿料进行还原处理；
[0043] 3. 将还原处理的含镍矿料经粉碎至粒度小于 80目；
[0044] 4. 采用磁场强度 5000高斯的磁选机磁选后， 获得的含镍量为 3.5%的镍精矿粉 ， 镍的回收率为 90%。
[0045] 本实施例对含镍矿的还原处理中， 除矿料为含镍 1.2%的原矿外， 还原处理的其 它部分与实施例 1完全相同。

Claims

权利要求书
一种含钴矿的富集方法， 其特征在于包括下列步骤： 先将含钴矿进行 还原处理， 然后通过磁选获得富集的钴矿。
根据权利要求 1所述含钴矿的富集方法， 其特征在于：
所述还原处理是在一个上设矿料进口、 下设矿料出口的还原炉中进行 ； 在所述还原炉内的所述矿料进口和所述矿料出口之间设有还原气出 气口， 在所述矿料进口和所述还原气出气口之间设有助燃气出气口； 还原气体通过所述还原气出气口输入到堆积在所述还原炉内的含钴矿 料中与含钴矿料发生反应； 助燃气通过助燃气出气口输入所述还原炉 内助燃， 使堆积在所述助燃气出气口以上的含钴矿料获得预热。 根据权利要求 1或 2所述含钴矿的富集方法， 其特征在于： 所述含钴矿 料的粒径在 30毫米以下； 所述还原气出气口至所述助燃气出气口之间 的还原区的还原温度小于 500°C; 经过所述还原处理的含钴矿料经粉 碎至粒度小于 80目后再进行磁选。
一种含镍矿的富集方法， 其特征在于包括下列步骤： 先将含镍矿进行 还原处理， 然后通过磁选获得富集的镍矿。
根据权利要求 4所述含镍矿的富集方法， 其特征在于：
所述还原处理是在一个上设矿料进口、 下设矿料出口的还原炉中进行
； 在所述还原炉内的所述矿料进口和所述矿料出口之间设有还原气出 气口， 在所述矿料进口和所述还原气出气口之间设有助燃气出气口； 还原气体通过所述还原气出气口输入到堆积在所述还原炉内的含镍矿 料中与含镍矿料发生反应； 助燃气通过助燃气出气口输入所述还原炉 内助燃， 使堆积在所述助燃气出气口以上的含镍矿料获得预热。 根据权利要求 4或 5所述含镍矿的富集方法， 其特征在于： 所述含镍矿 料的粒径在 30毫米以下； 所述还原气出气口至所述助燃气出气口之间 的还原区的还原温度小于 500°C; 经过所述还原处理的含镍矿料经粉 碎至粒度小于 80目后再进行磁选。
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