WO2017020789A1 - 金属矿的还原处理方法及金属矿的还原处理炉 - Google Patents

金属矿的还原处理方法及金属矿的还原处理炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017020789A1
WO2017020789A1 PCT/CN2016/092400 CN2016092400W WO2017020789A1 WO 2017020789 A1 WO2017020789 A1 WO 2017020789A1 CN 2016092400 W CN2016092400 W CN 2016092400W WO 2017020789 A1 WO2017020789 A1 WO 2017020789A1
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Prior art keywords
metal ore
metal
gas
outlet
reduction
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PCT/CN2016/092400
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English (en)
French (fr)
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江学艺
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江学艺
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Priority to MYPI2018700252A priority Critical patent/MY186491A/en
Priority to AU2016304050A priority patent/AU2016304050B2/en
Publication of WO2017020789A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017020789A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of metallurgical technology, and in particular to a method for reducing a high-valence metal in a metal ore to a low-valent state.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a metal ore reduction treatment method and a metal ore reduction treatment furnace.
  • the method and the treatment furnace can solve the existing metal reduction method, and the equipment is complicated and the investment is large.
  • the metal ore reduction treatment method adopted by the present invention the reduction reaction of the metal ore is carried out in a reduction treatment furnace in which a metal ore outlet having a metal ore outlet is placed under the metal ore inlet,
  • the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore between the metal ore inlet and the metal ore outlet is provided with a reducing gas outlet, and the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore between the metal ore inlet and the reducing gas outlet Assisting the gas outlet;
  • the reducing gas is output through the reducing gas outlet, and reacts with the metal ore deposited in the reduction zone of the reduction ore outlet of the metal ore to the reducing zone between the reducing gas outlet;
  • the gas is input through the combustion gas outlet, and is assisted by the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore, and the metal ore in the preheating zone above the combustion gas outlet of the reduction treatment furnace deposited in the metal ore is preheated by combustion.
  • the metal ore may be a metal ore which can be reduced by carbon monoxide and hydrogen, particularly any one of iron ore, manganese ore or copper ore.
  • the metal ore reduction treatment method is better: the metal ore has a particle size of 30 mm or less; and the temperature of the reaction zone between the reducing gas outlet and the combustion gas outlet is 120 ° C - 780 ° C; the metal ore passing through the reaction zone is discharged from the metal ore outlet of the reduction furnace of the metal ore, and the discharged metal ore can be directly cooled into the cooling liquid, or in other environments to prevent its reoxidation. Cooling; the metal ore passing through the reaction zone may also be discharged from the metal ore outlet by cooling in a cooling zone of the reduction furnace of the metal ore, and the cooling zone may be disposed at the outlet of the reducing gas to the metal ore.
  • a gas cooler and a water cooler are provided in the cooling zone, so that the combustion gas can be preheated after passing through the gas cooler. And then sent to the combustion gas outlet to assist combustion;
  • the water cooler is a heat exchanger for producing steam to the water gas generator, and The water gas of the water gas generator is introduced into the furnace of the reduction furnace of the metal ore through the outlet of the reducing gas.
  • the reducing gas outlet is distributed in a joint portion between the reduction zone and the cooling zone of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore; the combustion gas outlet is distributed in a joint portion of the preheating zone and the reduction zone of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore.
  • the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore referred to in the present invention means that the metal ore to be reduced can be continuously after normal operation.
  • the metal ore that has been subjected to the reduction reaction in the furnace can be continuously output to the oxidation-reduction reactor outside the furnace.
  • the metal ore reduction treatment furnace used in the reduction treatment method of the metal ore may be: a metal ore inlet is disposed at an upper portion, a metal ore outlet is disposed at a lower portion, and the metal ore of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore is a reducing gas outlet is disposed between the inlet and the metal ore outlet, and a gas-supporting outlet is disposed between the metal ore inlet and the reducing gas outlet of the reduction furnace of the metal ore; the reducing gas outlet is a gas cooler and a water cooler are disposed in a cooling zone between the metal ore outlets; an outlet of the gas cooler is connected to the combustion gas outlet; and an outlet of the water cooler is connected to a production steam of the water gas generator Channel.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
  • the reaction temperature of the present technology can be reduced to a minimum of 780 ° C or less, or even as low as 120 ° C. , reducing the heat loss caused by the high temperature of metal ore heating; can also avoid the coking caused by high temperature roasting, causing the difficulty of subsequent crushing and dressing and affecting the selection rate;
  • the remaining reducing gas passing through the reduction zone is completely burned for preheating the metal ore before the reduction reaction, thereby preventing the evacuation and waste of the reducing gas, and the high concentration of reducing gas can be introduced, which is beneficial to accelerate the process of metal reduction. ;
  • the present technology does not require the hardening of the metal ore before reduction.
  • the state is smashed, and it is not necessary to smash too small, which can save process cost.
  • the reduction equipment is simple, the number of equipment is small, and the equipment investment is small; in addition, the occupied space is also small, which is convenient for heat insulation and heat insulation, and is beneficial for reducing energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reduction treatment furnace for a metal ore used in Embodiments 1 to 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a gas-assisted gas pipe and a reducing gas pipe in the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a plan view of a gas-assisted gas pipe and a reducing gas pipe in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 3.
  • Embodiment 10 is a schematic structural view of a reduction treatment furnace for a metal ore used in Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The apparatus used for the reduction of the metal ore in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
  • a metal ore reduction treatment furnace and the upper end of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore has a feed hopper 1 in the feed hopper 1
  • the flue gas outlet is between the furnace shell 2 of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore, and the inlet of the upper end of the feed hopper 1 is the metal ore inlet of the metal ore reduction reduction furnace to be reduced, and the lower end of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore is passed.
  • the collecting hopper portion 8 is connected to a screw conveyor 16, and the metal ore outlet of the screw conveyor 16 is a metal ore outlet of a metal ore reduction treatment furnace, and the metal ore after the reduction reaction is output from the furnace.
  • the metal ore reduction treatment furnace is provided with a gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 and a reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7, and the reducing gas outlet on the reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7 is disposed at the metal ore inlet and the metal ore outlet of the metal ore reduction treatment furnace.
  • the gas-assisted gas outlet on the gas-fired gas pipe 5 is disposed between the metal ore inlet and the reducing gas outlet of the metal ore reduction treatment furnace.
  • the gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 and the reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7 divide the inside of the metal ore reduction treatment furnace into a preheating zone T1, a reaction zone ⁇ 2 and a cooling zone ⁇ 3, and the preheating zone T1 is from the outlet of the feed hopper 1 to the combustion-supporting cloth.
  • the reaction zone T2 is a region from the gas-supplement gas pipe 5 to the gas-reducing gas pipe 7, and the cooling zone T3 is a collecting hopper portion of the reduction furnace from the reducing gas pipe 7 to the metal ore.
  • the region between the lower ends, that is, the gas-supporting gas pipe 5 is installed at the joint portion of the preheating zone T1 and the reaction zone T2, and the reducing gas cloth pipe 7 is installed at the joint portion of the reaction zone T2 and the cooling zone T3.
  • the upper portion of the preheating zone T1 is provided with a distributor composed mainly of a tapered cylinder 3 whose height position can be adjusted; in the furnace casing 2, the upper portion of the cooling zone T3 is filled with gas cooling.
  • the gas cooler 8 The port is connected through a pipe 9 to an air outlet of the air blower 10 having a regulating damper at the inlet, and the outlet of the gas cooler 8 is connected to the inlet of the gas cloth pipe 5 through the pipe 6, that is, the gas inlet; in the furnace shell 2, the cooling zone
  • the lower part of T3 is provided with a water cooler 13, and the inlet of the water cooler 13 is connected with a water pipe 15 with a valve, and the outlet of the water cooler 13 is connected to a steam inlet of a water gas generator 14 through a pipe 12;
  • the water gas outlet of the water gas generator 14 is connected to the inlet of the reducing gas of the reduction furnace of the metal ore through the pipe 11, that is, the inlet of the gas pipe 7 of the reducing gas.
  • the structure of the gas-assisted gas pipe 5 and the reducing gas pipe 7 are the same, and their structures are as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, and a main pipe 21 is disposed laterally on two opposite sides of the main pipe 21.
  • One end of the main pipe 21 is open as a gas-assisted gas inlet, and the other end is closed; one end of each branch pipe 22 is connected to the main pipe, and the other end is closed; one end of each gas outlet pipe 23 is connected to the branch pipe connected thereto, and the other end is open as a help. Gas export.
  • the limonite Before entering the hopper 1 of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore, the limonite is first crushed and sieved to obtain a metal ore 4 to be reduced in a particle size of less than 30 mm, and then to be treated.
  • the treated metal ore 4 is reduced and transported by means of a hoist to the hopper 1 of Fig. 1.
  • the air blasted by the air blower 10 is used as the combustion gas used in the reduction treatment method of the metal ore, and the combustion gas enters through the pipeline 9 and passes through the reduction furnace of the metal ore to form a gas cooler 8 mainly composed of a spiral tube.
  • the combustion gas passing through the gas cooler 8 is heated to simultaneously cool the metal ore 4 outside the gas cooler 8.
  • the heated combustion gas is then discharged through the pipeline 6 and the gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 from the combustion gas outlet of the gas-supplementing gas pipe 5, and the discharged combustion gas is mixed with the reducing gas from the upper end of the reaction zone T2 and is not completely reacted for combustion.
  • the heat generated is used to preheat the metal ore 4 in the preheating zone T1.
  • the accumulation height of the metal ore 4 in the preheating zone T1 can be adjusted, so that the metal ore 4 obtains an ideal preheating effect and can prevent waste of thermal energy.
  • the water gas generator 14 adjusts the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the water gas and the amount of output by adjusting the amount of input coal and controlling the amount of input steam.
  • the water gas produced by the water gas generator 14 is used as a reducing gas used in the reduction treatment method of the metal ore, and the reducing gas is supplied to the reduction furnace of the metal ore through the pipe 11 and the reducing gas cloth pipe 7, and reacts with the reduction furnace of the metal ore.
  • Zone T2 The metal ore 4 undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction to obtain reduction of the metal ore 4.
  • the tap water is supplied to the reduction furnace of the metal ore through the tap water pipe 15 with the valve, and the water flowing through the water cooler 13 is converted into steam, and the water gas is supplied through the pipe 12 into the water cooler 13 mainly composed of the spiral pipe.
  • the generator 14 is used to produce water gas, and the water flowing through the water cooler 13 causes the metal ore 4 outside the water cooler 13 to be further cooled, and the size of the tap water valve is adjusted to control the steam production and the cooling of the metal ore 4 degree. After the re-cooled metal ore 4 is cooled to such an extent that it is not reoxidized with the air, it can be discharged outside the reduction furnace of the metal ore by the screw conveyor 16.
  • the reaction temperature in the reaction zone T1 can be adjusted by controlling the speed at which the metal ore 4 is discharged from the screw conveyor 16, and the water gas generator 14 adjusts the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the water gas by controlling the amount of input coal and controlling the amount of input steam. The concentration and the amount of output.
  • the water gas produced by the water gas generator 14 is used as a reducing gas used in the reduction treatment method of the metal ore, and the reducing gas is supplied to the reduction furnace of the metal ore through the pipe 11 and the reducing gas cloth pipe 7, and reacts with the reduction furnace of the metal ore.
  • the metal ore 4 in the region T2 undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction to obtain reduction of the metal ore 4.
  • Example 2 - Example 9 is a reduction treatment method for different metal ores using different reaction temperatures:
  • FIG. 5 The apparatus used for the reduction of the metal ore in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 5.
  • a metal ore reduction treatment furnace and the upper end of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore has a feed hopper 1 in the feed hopper 1
  • the flue gas outlet is between the furnace shell 2 of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore, and the inlet of the upper end of the feed hopper 1 is the metal ore inlet of the metal ore reduction reduction furnace to be reduced, and the lower end of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore is passed.
  • the collecting hopper portion 8 is connected to a screw conveyor 16, and the metal ore outlet of the screw conveyor 16 is a metal ore outlet of a metal ore reduction treatment furnace, and the metal ore after the reduction reaction is output from the furnace.
  • the metal ore reduction treatment furnace is provided with a gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 and a reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7.
  • the structure of the gas-assisted gas pipe 5 and the reducing gas pipe 7 are the same, and their structures are as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG.
  • One end of the main pipe 21 is open as a gas-assisted gas inlet, and the other end is closed; one end of each branch pipe 22 is connected to the main pipe, and the other end is closed; one end of each gas outlet pipe 23 is connected to the branch pipe connected thereto, and the other end is open as a help.
  • the reducing gas outlet on the reducing gas distribution gas pipe 7 is disposed between the metal ore inlet of the metal ore reduction treatment furnace and the metal ore outlet; the gas-supporting gas outlet on the gas-fired gas pipe 5 is located in the metal ore reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore. Between the inlet and the reducing gas outlet.
  • the gas-supplementing gas pipe 5 and the reducing gas cloth gas pipe 7 divide the inside of the metal ore reduction treatment furnace into two parts, a preheating zone T1 and a reaction zone T2, and the preheating zone T1 is from the outlet of the feed hopper 1 to the gas-supplementing gas pipe
  • the reaction zone T2 is a region from the gas-storing gas pipe 5 to the gas-reducing gas pipe 7
  • the gas-strap gas pipe 5 is installed at the joint portion of the preheating zone T1 and the reaction zone T2, and the gas pipe is reduced.
  • 7 is installed at the bottom of the reaction zone T2.
  • the upper portion of the preheating zone T1 is provided with a distributor consisting mainly of a tapered cylinder 3 whose height position can be adjusted.
  • a distributor consisting mainly of a tapered cylinder 3 whose height position can be adjusted.
  • the limonite Before entering the hopper 1 of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore, the limonite is first crushed and sieved to obtain a metal ore 4 to be reduced in a particle size of less than 30 mm, and then to be treated.
  • the treated metal ore 4 is reduced and transported by means of a hoist to the hopper 1 of Fig. 1.
  • air is used as the combustion gas used in the reduction treatment method of the present metal ore, and the combustion gas enters through the gas-fired gas pipe 5 and passes through the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore, and the combustion gas outlet of the gas distribution pipe 5 is assisted.
  • the discharged, discharged combustion gas is mixed with the reducing gas from the upper end of the reaction zone T2 and is not subjected to the reaction, and the generated heat is used to preheat the metal ore 4 in the preheating zone T1.
  • Adjusting the height of the conical cylinder 3 in the preheating zone T1 can adjust the stacking height of the metal ore 4 in the preheating zone T1, so that the metal ore 4 can obtain an ideal preheating effect and can prevent waste of thermal energy.
  • water gas is used as the reducing gas used in the reduction treatment method of the metal ore, and the reduction furnace is introduced into the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore from the reduction gas distribution gas pipe 7, and the metal ore in the reaction zone T2 of the reduction treatment furnace of the metal ore is used.
  • An oxidation-reduction reaction occurs to reduce the metal ore 4 .
  • the reduced metal ore 4 is obtained by the screw conveyor 16 to discharge the metal ore outside the reduction treatment furnace.
  • the hot metal ore 4 outside the reduction treatment furnace for discharging the metal ore is directly quenched into water to be cooled, and the limonite after the reduction treatment in this embodiment is not easily reoxidized with oxygen in the air, and the original ratio is small brown with a small specific magnetic coefficient.
  • the solid becomes a black loose solid with a large magnetization coefficient, which is advantageous for subsequent pulverization and magnetic separation.
  • the reduced metal ore 4 obtained may be first quenched in water to be cooled and then discharged out of the furnace, or may be placed in the natural state by heat exchange cooling under the condition of isolating oxygen. Environment.

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Abstract

一种金属矿的还原处理方法及其处理炉。该金属矿的还原处理方法是在一个上设金属矿进口、下设金属矿出口的金属矿的还原处理炉中进行；在还原区上部通入助燃气助燃对预热区的金属矿进行预热，并将还原气输入炉内对预热了的金属矿进行还原。该方法和处理炉可以用于处理用一氧化碳和氢气可还原的金属矿，可以解决传统的金属还原方法存在设备复杂，投资大，还原反应温度高，能耗高的问题。

Description

金属矿的还原处理方法及金属矿的还原处理炉 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及冶金技术领域， 具体来说涉及一种将金属矿中高价态的金属还原到 低价态的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 自然界里大多数金属都是以化合物态存在， 而人们为了获得金属含量较大的化 合物或金属单质吋， 往往需要进行还原富集的处理。 不同的金属有不同的富集 方法， 但是其原理都是将高价态的金属还原成低价态， 如由 CuO还原得到 Cu， M ηθ 2还原得到 Mn， 由 Fe 20 3还原得到 Fe等等。
[0003] 现有的这种金属矿的还原处理方法， 如将 Mn0 2 原得到 Mn 2+的技术， 它是将 煤和 MnO 2的锰矿分别粉磨， 再按比例混合后加到旋窑或立窑里经 900°C±50°C的 温度下焙烧而得。 现有铁矿的还原方法， 也大多是将煤与铁矿石按比例混合后 进"焙烧"。 而在现有技术中， 有一种技术是"多级循环预热流态化还原焙烧氧化 铁矿石反应装置" (专利号为 ZL200720064996 .8)及"一种还原赤铁矿、 褐铁矿、 菱 铁矿的焙绕装置" （专利号为 ZL200610032484.3)的发明， 这两种装置对铁矿石的 还原基本相同， 都是将高温的一氧化碳从金属矿的还原处理炉底通入与金属矿 在高温气流中闪速还原， 使之还原后水淬成为 Fe 30 4。 这种技术由于铁矿石的还 原是在闪速反应器内快速完成， 因此， 这个反应温度应该很高； 其次， 在铁矿 石还原反应前需要通过多级旋风筒的热气流预热， 这种技术设备较复杂， 多级 旋风筒的预热， 其保温较为困难， 热量耗费大； 再次， 由于铁矿石在还原前需 要在多级旋风筒之间流动预热， 因此需要将铁矿石在预热前先粉碎到较小粒度 。 这几方面都会造成工艺能耗大， 成本高。
技术问题
[0004] 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种金属矿的还原处理方法及金属矿的还原 处理炉， 采用这种方法和处理炉可以解决现有的金属还原方法存在设备复杂， 投资大， 还原反应温度高， 能耗高的问题。 问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 为了解决上述问题， 本发明采用的金属矿的还原处理方法： 金属矿的还原反应 是在一个上设金属矿进口下设金属矿出口的金属矿的还原处理炉中进行， 在所 述金属矿进口和所述金属矿出口之间的所述金属矿的还原处理炉设有还原气出 口， 在所述金属矿进口和所述还原气体出口之间的所述金属矿的还原处理炉设 有助燃气出口； 还原气体通过所述还原气出口输出， 与堆积在所述金属矿的还 原处理炉位于所述还原气出口至所述助燃气出口之间的还原区的金属矿发生反 应； 助燃气通过助燃气出口输入， 并在所述金属矿的还原处理炉助燃， 通过燃 烧对堆积在所述金属矿的还原处理炉所述助燃气出口以上的预热区的金属矿进 行预热。
[0006] 上述的金属矿的还原处理方法中， 所述金属矿可以是用一氧化碳和氢气可还原 的金属矿， 特别是铁矿、 锰矿或铜矿中的任一种。
[0007] 上述金属矿的还原处理方法更好的方案是： 所述金属矿的粒径在 30毫米以下； 所述还原气出口至所述助燃气出口之间的反应区温度为 120°C-780°C; 经过所述 反应区的金属矿从所述金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿出口排出， 排出的金属矿 可以直接进入冷却液中冷却， 也可以在其它防止其再度氧化的环境下冷却； 经 过反应区的金属矿也可以通过设置在所述金属矿的还原处理炉的冷却区冷却后 再从该金属矿出口排出， 这个冷却区可设在所述还原气出口至所述金属矿的还 原处理炉的金属矿出口之间， 更好的方案是， 在所述冷却区内设有气体冷却器 和水冷却器， 这样可以让所述助燃气先经过所述气体冷却器预热后再输送到所 述助燃气出口助燃； 当所述还原气选用水煤气的方案吋， 所述水冷却器是向所 述水煤气发生器生产蒸汽用的换热器， 而所述水煤气发生器的水煤气通过所述 还原气出口输入所述金属矿的还原处理炉的炉内。
[0008] 在上述的金属矿的还原处理方法中， 所述还原气出口分布在所述金属矿的还原 处理炉的所述还原区与所述冷却区的接合部； 所述助燃气出口分布在所述金属 矿的还原处理炉的所述预热区与所述还原区的接合部。
[0009] 本发明所称金属矿的还原处理炉， 是指正常工作后， 待还原的金属矿可以连续 输入炉内， 经过还原反应的金属矿可以连续输出炉外的氧化-还原反应炉。
[0010] 本金属矿的还原处理方法所采用的金属矿的还原处理炉可以是： 上部设有金属 矿进口、 下部设有金属矿出口， 在所述金属矿的还原处理炉的所述金属矿进口 和所述金属矿出口之间设有还原气出口， 在所述金属矿的还原处理炉的所述金 属矿进口和所述还原气体出口之间设有助燃气出口； 所述还原气出口至所述金 属矿出口之间的冷却区内设有气体冷却器和水冷却器； 所述气体冷却器的出口 连通到所述助燃气出口； 所述水冷却器的出口连通水煤气发生器的生产蒸汽的 通道。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0011] 由于采用了上述技术方案， 本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
[0012] 1.由于还原气体是加入金属矿进口在上， 金属矿出口在下的金属矿的还原处理 炉中， 在反应区内， 还原气与金属矿的运动方向相反， 因此， 可以让金属矿的 还原进程获得理想的效果；
[0013] 2.与将煤与矿石混合， 在 900°C的温度下进行还原反应的现有技术相比， 本 技术反应温度可以降低最低可达 780°C以下， 甚至可低达 120°C， 减少了对金属矿 加热温度较高的因素带来的热量损失； 还可以避免在高温焙烧产生的结焦， 造 成后续粉碎选矿的困难并影响选出率的问题； 由于设置有助燃气的加入， 使经 过还原区的剩余还原气体完全燃烧用于预热参加还原反应前的金属矿， 从而可 以防止还原气体的排空、 浪费， 而且可以通入高浓度的还原气体， 有利于加速 金属还原的进程；
[0014] 3.
与类似于"一种还原赤铁矿、 褐铁矿、 菱铁矿的焙绕装置" （专利号为 ZL2006100 32484.3)的已有技术相比， 本技术不需要将金属矿在还原前的质硬状态粉碎， 而 且不必粉碎过于细小， 可以节约工艺成本； 其次， 还原设备较为简单， 设备数 量少， 设备投资小； 此外， 占用场地也较小， 便于保温绝热， 有利于减少能源 消耗。 据了解目前现有技术中还原处理铁矿石的能耗不低于 100千克标准煤 /吨， 本发明处理同类铁矿石能耗可低达 50千克标准煤 /吨。 对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0015] 图 1是本发明方法实施例 1至实施例 9所采用的金属矿的还原处理炉的结构示意 图。
[0016] 图 2是本发明中助燃气布气管和还原气布气管的主视图。
[0017] 图 3是本发明中助燃气布气管和还原气布气管的俯视图。
[0018] 图 4是图 3中 A处的局部放大视图。
[0019] 图 5是本发明实施例 10所采用的金属矿的还原处理炉的结构示意图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0020] 实施例 1—赤铁矿的还原处理方法：
[0021] 本实施例对金属矿的还原所采用的设备如图 1所示， 有一个金属矿的还原处理 炉， 该金属矿的还原处理炉上端有一个进料斗 1， 在进料斗 1和金属矿的还原处 理炉的炉壳 2之间为烟气出口， 进料斗 1的上端进口为金属矿的还原处理炉的待 还原金属矿的金属矿进口， 金属矿的还原处理炉下端通过集料斗部 8连接有一个 螺旋输送机 16， 螺旋输送机 16的金属矿出口为金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿出 口， 经过还原反应后的金属矿从这里输出炉外。
[0022] 金属矿的还原处理炉设有助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7， 还原气布气管 7上 的还原气出口设在金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿进口和金属矿出口之间； 助燃 气布气管 5上的助燃气出口设在金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿进口和还原气体出 口之间。 助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7将金属矿的还原处理炉的内部分成预 热区 Tl、 反应区 Τ2和冷却区 Τ3， 预热区 Tl是从进料斗 1的出口至助燃气布气管 5 之间的区域， 反应区 T2是从助燃气布气管 5至还原气布气管 7之间的区域， 冷却 区 T3是从还原气布气管 7至金属矿的还原处理炉的集料斗部的下端之间的区域， 即助燃气布气管 5装在预热区 T1和反应区 T2的接合部， 还原气布气管 7装在反应 区 T2和冷却区 T3的接合部。
[0023] 在炉壳 2内， 预热区 T1的上部装有一个主要由高度位置可以调节的锥形筒体 3构 成的布料器； 在炉壳 2内， 冷却区 T3的上部装有气体冷却器 8， 气体冷却器 8的进 口通过管道 9连接一个在进口设有调节风门的鼓风机 10的出风口， 气体冷却器 8 的出口通过管道 6接助燃气布气管 5的入口， 即助燃气入口； 在炉壳 2内， 冷却区 T3的下部装有水冷却器 13， 水冷却器 13的进口连接有带阀门的自来水管 15， 水 冷却器 13的出口通过管道 12连接一个水煤气发生炉 14的蒸汽入口；
[0024] 水煤气发生炉 14的水煤气出口通过管道 11接金属矿的还原处理炉的还原气入口 ， 即还原气布气管 7的入口。
[0025] 为本实施例中助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7的结构相同， 它们的结构如图 2 至图 4所示， 有一根主管 21， 在主管 21两个相对侧面分别横向设置有十四根支管 22， 每根支管 22的一侧， 即在图 1中朝向下方的一侧， 分别设有多个出气管 23。 主管 21的一端敞幵作为助燃气入口， 另一端封闭； 每一根支管 22的一端与主管 连通， 另一端封闭； 每根出气管 23的一端与其相连接的支管连通， 另一端敞幵 作为助燃气出口。
[0026] 本实施例的褐铁矿的还原处理方法是这样的：
[0027] 褐铁矿在进入金属矿的还原处理炉的料斗 1前， 先将块状的褐铁矿粉碎过筛， 得到粒径小于 30毫米的待还原处理的金属矿 4， 然后再将待还原处理的金属矿 4 并通过提升机输送到图 1中的料斗 1中。
[0028] 鼓风机 10鼓出的空气作为本金属矿的还原处理方法中采用的助燃气， 该助燃气 通过管道 9进入并通过金属矿的还原处理炉以螺旋管为主构成的气体冷却器 8， 使通过气体冷却器 8内的助燃气获得加热， 同吋使气体冷却器 8外部的金属矿 4获 得冷却。 经过加热后的助燃气再通过管道 6和助燃气布气管 5， 从助燃气布气管 5 的助燃气出口排出， 排出的助燃气与来自反应区 T2上端后未完成反应的还原气 体混合进行燃烧， 所产生的热量用于对预热区 T1内的金属矿 4预热。 调节预热区 T1内的锥形筒体 3的高度， 可以调节预热区 T1内金属矿 4的堆积高度， 从而使金 属矿 4获得理想的预热效果而且可以防止热能的浪费。
[0029] 水煤气发生炉 14通过从控制输入煤的数量和通过控制输入蒸汽的数量来调节其 获得水煤气中一氧化碳和氢的浓度和输出数量的大小。 水煤气发生炉 14产生的 水煤气作为本金属矿的还原处理方法中采用的还原气， 该还原气通过管道 11和 还原气布气管 7输入金属矿的还原处理炉， 并与金属矿的还原处理炉反应区 T2中 的金属矿 4发生氧化 -还原反应， 使金属矿 4获得还原。 本实施例和包括下面介绍 的本发明实施例在内， 本发明人所进行过的许多、 各次实践结果表明： 还原气 中的一氧化碳和氢气的浓度越高， 金属矿 4获得的还原效果越好。
[0030] 自来水通过带阀门的自来水管 15输入金属矿的还原处理炉以螺旋管为主构成的 水冷却器 13内， 流经水冷却器 13的水受热转变成为蒸汽， 并通过管道 12输入水 煤气发生炉 14内用于生产水煤气， 流经水冷却器 13的水同吋使水冷却器 13外部 的金属矿 4获得进一步冷却， 调节自来水阀门的大小， 可以控制蒸汽的产量和金 属矿 4的冷却程度。 这些经过再次冷却的金属矿 4冷却到不至于与空气发生再氧 化的程度后， 便可以通过螺旋输送机 16排出金属矿的还原处理炉外。 通过控制 螺旋输送机 16排出金属矿 4的速度可以调节反应区 T1中的反应温度， 水煤气发生 炉 14通过从控制输入煤的数量和通过控制输入蒸汽的数量来调节其获得水煤气 中一氧化碳和氢气的浓度和输出数量的大小。 水煤气发生炉 14产生的水煤气作 为本金属矿的还原处理方法中采用的还原气， 该还原气通过管道 11和还原气布 气管 7输入金属矿的还原处理炉， 并与金属矿的还原处理炉反应区 T2中的金属矿 4发生氧化 -还原反应， 使金属矿 4获得还原。 本实施例和包括下面介绍的本发明 实施例在内， 本发明人所进行过的许多、 各次实践结果表明： 还原气中的一氧 化碳和氢气的浓度越高， 金属矿 4获得的还原效果越好。
本发明的实施方式
[0031] 实施例 2_实施例 9是采用不同反应温度对不同金属矿的还原处理方法：
[0032] 这些实施例中除金属矿的类型和反应温度与实施例 1不同外， 其它部分与实施 例 1相同。
[0033] 各实施例的处理效果如下表：
[]
Figure imgf000009_0001
[0034] 实施例 10—褐铁矿的还原处理方法：
[0035] 本实施例对金属矿的还原所采用的设备如图 5所示， 有一个金属矿的还原处理 炉， 该金属矿的还原处理炉上端有一个进料斗 1， 在进料斗 1和金属矿的还原处 理炉的炉壳 2之间为烟气出口， 进料斗 1的上端进口为金属矿的还原处理炉的待 还原金属矿的金属矿进口， 金属矿的还原处理炉下端通过集料斗部 8连接有一个 螺旋输送机 16， 螺旋输送机 16的金属矿出口为金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿出 口， 经过还原反应后的金属矿从这里输出炉外。
[0036] 金属矿的还原处理炉设有助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7， 本实施例中助燃气 布气管 5和还原气布气管 7的结构相同， 它们的结构如图 2至图 4所示， 有一根主 管 21， 在主管 21两个相对侧面分别横向设置有十四根支管 22， 每根支管 22的一 侧， 即在图 1中朝向下方的一侧， 分别设有多个出气管 23。 主管 21的一端敞幵作 为助燃气入口， 另一端封闭； 每一根支管 22的一端与主管连通， 另一端封闭； 每根出气管 23的一端与其相连接的支管连通， 另一端敞幵作为助燃气出口。 还 原气布气管 7上的还原气出口设在金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿进口和金属矿出 口之间； 助燃气布气管 5上的助燃气出口设在金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿进口 和还原气体出口之间。 助燃气布气管 5和还原气布气管 7将金属矿的还原处理炉 的内部分成预热区 T1和反应区 T2两个部分， 预热区 T1是从进料斗 1的出口至助燃 气布气管 5之间的区域， 反应区 T2是从助燃气布气管 5至还原气布气管 7之间的区 域， 助燃气布气管 5装在预热区 T1和反应区 T2的接合部， 还原气布气管 7装在反 应区 T2的底部。 在炉壳 2内， 预热区 T1的上部装有一个主要由高度位置可以调节 的锥形筒体 3构成的布料器。 [0037] 本实施例的褐铁矿的还原处理方法是这样的：
[0038] 褐铁矿在进入金属矿的还原处理炉的料斗 1前， 先将块状的褐铁矿粉碎过筛， 得到粒径小于 30毫米的待还原处理的金属矿 4， 然后再将待还原处理的金属矿 4 并通过提升机输送到图 1中的料斗 1中。
[0039] 本例以空气作为本金属矿的还原处理方法中采用的助燃气， 该助燃气通过助燃 气布气管 5进入并通过金属矿的还原处理炉， 从助燃气布气管 5的助燃气出口排 出， 排出的助燃气与来自反应区 T2上端后未完成反应的还原气体混合进行燃烧 ， 所产生的热量用于对预热区 T1内的金属矿 4预热。 调节预热区 T1内的锥形筒体 3的高度， 可以调节预热区 T1内金属矿 4的堆积高度， 从而使金属矿 4获得理想的 预热效果而且可以防止热能的浪费。
[0040] 本例以水煤气作为本金属矿的还原处理方法中采用的还原气， 从还原气布气管 7输入金属矿的还原处理炉， 并与金属矿的还原处理炉反应区 T2中的金属矿 4发 生氧化 -还原反应， 使合金属矿 4获得还原。
[0041] 获得还原后的金属矿 4通过螺旋输送机 16排出金属矿的还原处理炉外。 排出金 属矿的还原处理炉外的热的金属矿 4直接淬入水中冷却， 经过本实施例还原处理 后的褐铁矿不易再与空气中的氧再氧化， 由原来比磁化系数很小的褐色固体变 成比磁化系数极大的黑色疏松的固体， 有利于后续的粉碎和磁选。
[0042] 此外， 作为本实施例的变种， 获得还原的金属矿 4也可以先淬入水中冷却再排 出炉外， 或是通过后续工序在隔离氧气的条件下经过换热冷却后再置于自然环 境中。

Claims

权利要求书
一种金属矿的还原处理方法， 其特征在于：
金属矿的还原反应是在一个上设金属矿进口、 下设金属矿出口的金属 矿的还原处理炉中进行； 在所述金属矿的还原处理炉内的所述金属矿 进口和所述金属矿出口之间设有还原气出口， 在所述金属矿的还原处 理炉内的所述金属矿进口和所述还原气体出口之间设有助燃气出口； 还原气体通过所述还原气出口输出， 与堆积在所述金属矿的还原处理 炉位于所述还原气出口至所述助燃气出口之间的还原区的金属矿发生 反应； 助燃气通过助燃气出口输入， 并在所述金属矿的还原处理炉助 燃， 通过燃烧对堆积在所述金属矿的还原处理炉所述助燃气出口以上 的预热区的金属矿进行预热。
根据权利要求 1所述的金属矿的还原处理方法， 其特征在于： 所述金 属矿是指铁矿、 锰矿或铜矿中的任一种。
根据权利要求 1或 2所述的金属矿的还原处理方法， 其特征在于： 所述 金属矿的粒径在 30毫米以下； 所述还原气出口至所述助燃气出口之间 的反应区温度为 120°C-780°C; 经过所述反应区的金属矿从所述金属 矿的还原处理炉的金属矿出口排出。
根据权利要求 1或 2所述的金属矿的还原处理方法， 其特征在于： 所述 金属矿的粒径在 30毫米以下； 所述还原气出口至所述助燃气出口之间 的反应区温度为 120°C-780°C; 经过所述反应区的金属矿在所述还原 气出口至所述金属矿的还原处理炉的金属矿出口之间的冷却区冷却后 从该金属矿出口排出， 所述冷却区内设有气体冷却器和水冷却器； 所 述助燃气经过所述气体冷却器预热后再输送到所述助燃气出口； 所述 还原气为水煤气， 所述水煤气发生器的水煤气通过所述还原气出口输 入所述金属矿的还原处理炉的炉内， 所述水冷却器是向所述水煤气发 生器生产蒸汽用的换热器。
根据权利要求 3所述的金属矿的还原处理方法， 其特征在于： 所述还 原气出口分布在所述金属矿的还原处理炉的所述还原区与所述冷却区 的接合部； 所述助燃气出口分布在所述金属矿的还原处理炉的所述预 热区与所述还原区的接合部。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 4所述的金属矿的还原处理方法， 其特征在于： 所述还 原气出口分布在所述金属矿的还原处理炉的所述还原区与所述冷却区 的接合部； 所述助燃气出口分布在所述金属矿的还原处理炉的所述预 热区与所述还原区的接合部。
[权利要求 7] —种金属矿的还原处理炉， 上部设有金属矿进口、 下部设有金属矿出 口， 其特征在于： 在所述金属矿进口和所述金属矿出口之间设有还原 气出口， 在所述金属矿进口和所述还原气体出口之间设有助燃气出口 ； 所述还原气出口至所述金属矿出口之间的冷却区内设有气体冷却器 和水冷却器； 所述气体冷却器的出口连通到所述助燃气出口； 所述水 冷却器的出口连通水煤气发生器的生产蒸汽的通道。
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