WO2017013879A1 - 凝集モニタリング装置、凝集モニタリング方法および凝集システム - Google Patents
凝集モニタリング装置、凝集モニタリング方法および凝集システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017013879A1 WO2017013879A1 PCT/JP2016/003406 JP2016003406W WO2017013879A1 WO 2017013879 A1 WO2017013879 A1 WO 2017013879A1 JP 2016003406 W JP2016003406 W JP 2016003406W WO 2017013879 A1 WO2017013879 A1 WO 2017013879A1
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/51—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid inside a container, e.g. in an ampoule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/30—Control equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D3/00—Differential sedimentation
- B03D3/06—Flocculation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/82—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/10—Solids, e.g. total solids [TS], total suspended solids [TSS] or volatile solids [VS]
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0092—Monitoring flocculation or agglomeration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to, for example, a monitoring technique for aggregating treatment of water to be treated such as purified water, industrial water, and wastewater, and a technique for using the same.
- SS Suspended Solid: Suspended matter
- an inorganic or organic flocculant for example, SS (Suspended Solid: Suspended matter) in the treated water is flocculated with an inorganic or organic flocculant, followed by precipitation separation and pressurization. Solid-liquid separation such as levitation separation, centrifugation, sand filtration, membrane separation is performed.
- the SS agglomeration state varies depending on pH, coagulant dosage, stirring conditions, etc. If the agglomeration treatment is not performed under appropriate conditions, the quality of the water to be treated will be deteriorated and the solid-liquid separation treatment in the next step will be adversely affected. May affect.
- the treated water is irradiated with laser light to receive the scattered light from the particles in the treated water, and after AM (Amplitude Modulation) detection is performed on the received light signal, the minimum value of the signal intensity It is known that the flocculant dosage is calculated from this minimum value (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the minimum value of the signal intensity of the scattered light is obtained, and the scattered light from the unaggregated suspension is detected from the scattered light from the aggregate in the water to be treated.
- the laser light used for the aggregation monitoring it is known to use laser light that emits light at predetermined time intervals by intermittently driving a laser diode (for example, Patent Document 2).
- the use time of the laser light emitting element is extended by the light emission mode for shortening the light emission time.
- a chemical injection system that measures the concentration of SS not taken into the generated floc and controls the chemical injection amount of the flocculant based on this measured value.
- laser light is irradiated to the measurement area of the water to be treated, scattered light from the measurement area is received, and a measurement value representing the SS concentration is obtained from a signal level obtained by photoelectrically converting the scattered light. .
- an upper limit value is specified for the chemical injection amount, and the aggregation state is evaluated by maintaining the minimum value of the signal level described above for a certain period.
- an upper limit value is defined for the SS amount and the drug injection amount, stable measurement is possible when the amount of floc formed is suppressed.
- the SS component concentration in the water to be treated may be high or the water to be treated may be treated only with an inorganic flocculant.
- the floc density is high and the floc is small, the gap between the flocs is small.
- the light irradiated to the water to be treated hits the flocs, and the flocs generate scattered light more frequently, and the light is shielded by the flocs in front of the light receiving part and attenuates until the scattered light itself reaches the light receiving part.
- the water to be treated having a high concentration and a small floc has a problem that accurate measurement becomes difficult.
- the chemical injection control based on the lowest value of the signal level described above for a certain period of time correlates with the measurement value used for chemical injection control with the SS remaining between the flocks.
- the number of flocs (density) increases and the chance of turbidity measurement by SS between flocs decreases, sufficient time is taken to measure the lowest value, the lowest value correlated with SS is obtained, and the lowest value is updated
- the time interval for updating the minimum value becomes long, there is a problem that the compensation performance of the control delay in the chemical injection system is lost.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose or suggest such requirements, nor do they disclose or suggest a configuration or the like for solving them.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an aggregation monitoring apparatus or an aggregation monitoring method capable of stably measuring the aggregation state of water to be treated even when the number of flocs (density) is increased.
- Another object of the present invention is to use the above-described aggregation monitoring apparatus or aggregation monitoring method, so that reliability can be improved without impairing the compensation performance necessary for chemical injection control even if the floc number (density) increases. It is to realize an agglomeration system capable of obtaining a certain agglomeration process.
- the coagulation monitoring apparatus monitors the treatment state of the treated water to be coagulated, and the measurement light is measured in the measurement area of the treated water.
- a measurement light irradiating unit that irradiates the light
- a scattered light receiving unit that receives scattered light from particles of the water to be processed in the measurement region
- the measurement value calculation unit may include an amplitude measurement unit that measures the amplitude of a light reception signal obtained in the scattered light reception unit.
- the measurement value calculation unit further includes a minimum value measurement unit that measures the minimum value of the signal from the light reception signal, and the measurement result of the amplitude measurement unit, or the amplitude measurement unit and the minimum value measurement. You may calculate the parameter
- the measurement value calculation unit calculates an index relating to the aggregation by calculating an occurrence rate or an occurrence frequency of the specific amplitude based on the measurement result of the amplitude, and the specific amplitude The frequency of occurrence may be increased as it progresses.
- a coagulation monitoring method for monitoring the treatment state of the treated water to be coagulated, wherein the measurement light is measured in the measurement region of the treated water.
- a flocculation system for aggregating treated water, a treated water tank for storing the treated water, and the treated water tank for the treated water tank.
- a coagulation monitoring means for monitoring the treatment state of the treated water; and a chemical injection means for injecting a chemical injection amount of the coagulant according to the treatment state into the treated water, the monitoring means being subjected to the coagulation treatment.
- a coagulation monitoring device for monitoring the treatment state of treated water, a measurement light irradiating unit for irradiating measurement light to the measurement area of the treated water, and receiving scattered light from particles of the treated water in the measurement area
- a scattered light receiving unit and a measured value calculation unit that calculates an index related to the aggregation of the water to be treated using the amplitude of the received light signal obtained in the scattered light receiving unit, Based on the indicators involved It may be adjusted injection volume of serial flocculant.
- the treatment status of treated water can be measured stably and the treatment status of treated water during coagulation treatment can be grasped in real time. Can be requested.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an aggregation monitoring apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an arithmetic circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the state of occurrence of flocs and the detection waveform of the output signal.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the occurrence state of flock and the detection waveform of the output signal.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the correlation between the amplitude occurrence rate of the output signal and the aggregation state index.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the state of occurrence of flock and the detection waveform of the output signal.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an aggregation monitoring apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an arithmetic circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the state of occurrence of flocs and the detection waveform of the
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the occurrence state of flocks and the detection waveform of the output signal.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the appearance rate of flocks.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the frequency of occurrence of amplitude.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the frequency of occurrence of amplitude.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the occurrence frequencies shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in an exploded manner according to amplitude.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of operation waveforms.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of aggregation monitoring.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the aggregation system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the aggregation processing.
- FIG. 1 shows the aggregation monitoring apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 is an example, and the aggregation monitoring device, the aggregation monitoring method, or the aggregation system of the present invention is not limited to such a configuration.
- the aggregation monitoring device 2 includes a sensor unit 4.
- the sensor unit 4 is kept submerged in the water to be treated 8 stored in the coagulation tank 6.
- the coagulation tank 6 is an example of the water tank to be treated for storing the water to be treated 8, and has a function of performing the coagulation treatment of the water to be treated 8.
- the sensor unit 4 includes a laser beam irradiation unit 10 and a scattered light receiving unit 12.
- the laser light irradiation unit 10 is an example of a measurement light irradiation unit that emits measurement light used for monitoring aggregation, and is formed at a light output end of a first optical fiber 14-1 that guides laser light, which is an example of measurement light. Is done.
- the scattered light receiving unit 12 is formed at the light incident end of the second optical fiber 14-2 that guides the scattered light.
- a measurement region 18 is set between the laser beam irradiation unit 10 and the scattered light receiving unit 12 with a shielding member 16 interposed.
- the measurement region 18 is irradiated with laser light emitted from the laser light emitting unit 20 from the laser light irradiation unit 10.
- This measurement region 18 is an example of an irradiation region of the laser water 8 to be treated.
- the laser light is scattered by particles in the water 8 to be treated, and scattered light is generated. Therefore, the scattered light receiving unit 12 receives this scattered light from the measurement region 18. In this case, if a floc exists in the measurement region 18, the floc affects the scattered light.
- the shielding member 16 is a means for fixing and supporting the optical fibers 14-1 and 14-2 and a means for shielding natural light from the measurement region 18.
- the first support portion 22-1 for fixing and supporting the optical fiber 14-1 and the second support portion 22-2 for supporting the optical fiber 14-2 have a fixed angle.
- a vertex 24 is provided.
- the angle of the apex portion 24 is preferably 90 degrees, but may be other angles.
- the apex angle portion 24 is opposed to the measurement region 18 and is interposed between the laser light irradiation unit 10 and the scattered light receiving unit 12. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the laser light from the laser light irradiation unit 10 from entering the scattered light receiving unit 12, and the scattered light receiving unit 12 can receive the scattered light on the particle side in the measurement region 18.
- the laser light emitting unit 20 includes a laser light emitting element 26 and a light emitting circuit 28.
- the laser light emitting element 26 is an example of a laser light source that emits laser light.
- the laser light source is preferably a laser diode, but may be any element or device that can obtain laser light.
- the measurement light used for monitoring aggregation is not limited to laser light. Any light that hits the particles and generates scattered light can be used for monitoring aggregation, and the measurement region 18 can be efficiently irradiated with light by using measurement light having excellent directivity such as laser light. .
- a light emitting unit including a light emitting element that emits measurement light and a light emitting circuit that drives the light emitting element may be used.
- a light emitting diode may be used as the measurement light.
- the light emitting circuit 28 is an example of a driving unit for the laser light emitting element 26.
- the light emitting circuit 28 includes an AM (Amplitude Modulation) modulation circuit 30, a timing circuit 32, and a function generator 34.
- the AM modulation circuit 30 performs amplitude modulation (AM modulation) on the timing signal Ts with a modulation signal Ms having a predetermined frequency f, and outputs a light emission signal Dr having an amplitude of the predetermined frequency f and intermittent at predetermined time intervals. To do.
- the laser light emitting element 26 changes with the modulation signal Ms and repeats light emission and non-light emission at a predetermined time interval according to the timing signal Ts.
- the light emission time of the laser light emitting element 26 for aggregation monitoring is shortened. Even when a light emitting element such as a laser diode having a short light emission lifetime of several thousand hours is used for the laser light emitting element 26, deterioration due to continuous lighting can be prevented, so that the usage time can be extended.
- Timing circuit 32 generates timing signal Ts.
- the timing signal Ts may be, for example, a pulse signal that is intermittent at a constant cycle.
- This timing signal Ts is used as synchronization information for the calculation processing of the aggregation index related to the aggregation of the water 8 to be treated. That is, the timing signal Ts synchronizes the light emission of the laser light emitting element 26 and the calculation processing of the aggregation index.
- the function generator 34 is an example of an oscillator that oscillates the modulation signal Ms.
- the modulation signal Ms preferably has a frequency f that can avoid the influence of natural light on the laser light.
- f 70 to 150 [kHz] may be used.
- the signal form may be a periodic signal having the same amplitude, and the waveform form may be any of a sine wave, a triangular wave, a rectangular wave, and the like.
- the scattered light scattered by the fine colloidal particles existing in the measurement region 18 enters the scattered light receiving unit 12.
- the fine colloidal particles are unaggregated colloidal particles.
- the scattered light obtained by the micro colloidal particles has a frequency similar to that of the laser light emitted from the laser light irradiation unit 10 and is intermittent in a constant cycle. Further, the reflected light reflected by the floc existing in the measurement region 18 enters the scattered light receiving unit 12.
- the light reception output of the scattered light receiving unit 12 is guided to the signal processing unit 36 by the optical fiber 14-2.
- This signal processing unit 36 takes out a photoelectric conversion, removal of noise components, a level signal representing the intensity of scattered light, and a measurement value representing the intensity of scattered light from this level signal.
- the signal processing unit 36 includes a photoelectric conversion circuit 38 and a detection circuit 40.
- the photoelectric conversion circuit 38 includes a photodetector 42, a band pass filter 44, and an amplifier 46.
- the photodetector 42 receives the scattered light guided by the optical fiber 14-2 and converts it into an electric signal Ei.
- the band pass filter 44 cuts a noise component from the electric signal Ei and extracts a signal component of the modulation signal Ms. By setting the cut-off frequency of the bandpass filter 44, unnecessary fluctuation components are removed and the signal component of the modulation signal Ms is output.
- the amplifier 46 amplifies the signal component of the modulated signal Ms in the scattered light and outputs a light reception signal Eo having an amplitude level corresponding to the scattered light.
- a photodiode may be used instead of the photodetector 42, or a high-pass filter may be used instead of the band-pass filter 44. By using these filters, it is possible to cut a DC noise component generated by receiving non-measurement light such as natural light or illumination light.
- the detection circuit 40 detects the output signal Do from the received light signal Eo by AM detection (envelope detection).
- This output signal Do is an example of a light reception signal and represents the level of the direct current component of the light reception signal Eo.
- This level represents the level of light scattered by the particles in the water to be treated containing fine colloidal particles. That is, a noise component that is scattered light other than the fine colloidal particles and a reflection component due to flocs are included.
- the output of the detection circuit 40 is applied to the arithmetic circuit 48.
- the calculation circuit 48 is an example of a measurement value calculation unit, and includes an amplitude detection unit 50 and a minimum value detection unit 52.
- the arithmetic circuit 48 records the level (signal strength) of the output signal Do input to the arithmetic circuit 48 in the data recording unit 64 (FIG. 2) of the memory unit 60, and the amplitude detection unit 50 and the minimum value detection unit 52 The output signal Do is measured.
- the arithmetic circuit 48 determines the aggregation level of the water to be treated using these measurement results, and outputs an aggregation index representing the aggregation level.
- the aggregation level represented by the aggregation index is represented by, for example, “low level”, “suitable level”, “suitable or excessive level” or “excess level”.
- the arithmetic circuit 48 further includes a light emission control unit 54, and outputs a control signal (timing signal Ts) synchronized with the light emission of the laser light emitting element 26 and the calculation processing of the aggregation index to the timing circuit 32.
- the amplitude detection unit 50 is an example of an amplitude detection unit and an amplitude measurement unit, and includes both functions of amplitude detection and amplitude measurement.
- the amplitude detection unit 50 detects an inflection point of the level of the output signal Do recorded in the data recording unit 64, and measures the peak value of the inflection point. By detecting the inflection point, the amplitude detector 50 detects the generation of the amplitude of the output signal Do. In other words, the amplitude detection unit 50 detects the first inflection point where the output signal Do changes from rising to falling and the second inflection point where the output signal Do changes from falling to rising, and the adjacent first inflection point and Generation of amplitude is detected by detecting the second inflection point.
- the amplitude detector 50 obtains the level difference between the adjacent first and second inflection points by measuring the peak value, and measures the amplitude of the output signal Do. With these functions, the amplitude detection unit 50 can measure the number of occurrences of the amplitude of the output signal Do for each amplitude magnitude (that is, amplitude range).
- the minimum value detection unit 52 is an example of a minimum value measurement unit that compares the level of the output signal Do recorded in the data recording unit 64 and calculates the minimum measurement value of the output signal Do.
- the arithmetic circuit 48 is realized by a circuit including a computer such as a microprocessor as shown in FIG.
- the arithmetic circuit 48 includes an analog / digital converter (A / D) 56, a processor 58, and a memory unit 60.
- the A / D 56 converts the output signal Do into a digital signal.
- the output signal of the A / D 56 represents the level of the output signal Do as a digital value and is used for digital processing of the amplitude detector 50 and the minimum value detector 52.
- the processor 58 executes an OS (Operating System) and an aggregation program in the program storage unit 62 of the memory unit 60, and functions as the amplitude detection unit 50, the minimum value detection unit 52, and the light emission control unit 54 described above.
- OS Operating System
- aggregation program in the program storage unit 62 of the memory unit 60, and functions as the amplitude detection unit 50, the minimum value detection unit 52, and the light emission control unit 54 described above.
- the memory unit 60 is an example of a recording unit, and includes a program storage unit 62, a data recording unit 64, and a RAM (Random-Access Memory) 66.
- the program storage unit 62 stores an OS, the above-described aggregation program, and the like as programs.
- the data recording unit 64 records the level of the output signal Do.
- the RAM 66 is used as a work area for information processing.
- the calculation result of the processor 58 is output to the display unit 67.
- a liquid crystal display (LCD) is used for the display unit 67.
- the display unit 67 displays various data such as a measurement value used for the calculation of the processor 58, a minimum measurement value as a calculation result, and an occurrence frequency of the amplitude of the output signal Do.
- the occurrence frequency of the first and second inflection points of the output signal Do that is, the amplitude of the output signal Do has a fixed relationship with the aggregation state for each amplitude range. I found out.
- the amplitude detector 50 pays attention to this fixed relationship and measures the aggregation state using the inflection points. The certain relationship described above will be described later.
- the first measurement principle assumes measurement of the water 8 to be treated in which flocs having a particle size smaller than the diameter of the measurement region 18 enter and exit the measurement region 18.
- FIG. 3A and FIG. 4A show an example of the occurrence of flocs.
- 3A is an example when the particle size is small
- FIG. 4A is an example when the particle size is large.
- flocs 68 are generated at a high density or number density in the water 8 to be treated.
- the measurement region 18 is set to a circular region having a diameter of about 1 [mm].
- a floc 68 having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less is generated in such a measurement region 18.
- flocs 68 are generated at a high density or number density in the water 8 to be treated, as in the generation state shown in FIG.
- the waveform of the output signal Do differs depending on the particle size of the floc 68 and the number of flocs in the measurement region 18.
- the first treated water containing flocs 68 having a particle size r [mm] and the second treated water having the same SS turbidity as the first treated water and containing flocs 68 having a particle size of 2 r [mm] Assume water.
- the number of particles of the floc 68 having a particle diameter r [mm] is N r
- the number of the floc 68 having a particle diameter 2 r [mm] is N 2r .
- the change in the level of the average scattered light intensity is proportional to the change in the particle surface area of the particles entering and exiting the measurement region 18 that are irradiated with the laser. Therefore, the change in the level of the average scattered light intensity when one particle having a particle diameter of 2 r [mm] enters and exits the measurement region 18 is the change in the level of the average scattered light intensity when one particle having the particle size r [mm] enters and exits the measurement region 18. Four times the change in the level of the average scattered light intensity.
- FIG. 3B shows an example of the detection waveform of the output signal Do in the generation state shown in FIG. 3A
- FIG. 4B shows an example of the detection waveform of the output signal Do in the generation state shown in FIG. Show.
- the amplitude AW of the waveform represents a change in scattered light due to the entrance and exit of the floc 68.
- the scattered light generated in the measurement region 18 hits particles existing in the transmission space in the transmission space where the scattered light receiving unit 12 transmits the scattered light, and is secondarily scattered and attenuated. It is assumed that the intensity of the scattered light reaching the scattered light receiving unit 12 is proportional to the floc non-occupied volume in the transmission space (the volume of the space where the floc 68 does not exist). In this case, the amount of attenuation depends on the non-occluded volumes V r and V 2r with respect to the volume V d of the transmission space from the measurement region 18 to the scattered light receiver 12.
- the space where the floc 68 does not exist can be obtained by the complement of the particle volume existing in the space.
- the floc unoccupied volume is V r
- the floc unoccupied volume is V 2r
- V r (V d ⁇ dv r ⁇ N r ) :( V d ⁇ dv 2r ⁇ N 2r ) (4)
- V 2r (V d ⁇ dv r ⁇ N r ) :( V d ⁇ dv 2r ⁇ N 2r ) (4)
- the intensity of the scattered light reaching the scattered light receiving unit 12 is proportional to the intensity of the scattered light generated in the measurement region 18 multiplied by the attenuation factor, and the intensity of the generated scattered light is the surface area S r , S of the floc 68.
- Equation (6) represents that the amount of change ⁇ P r , ⁇ P 2r of the received light level generated by the particles entering / exiting the measurement region 18 changes in proportion to the square of the particle size of the floc 68 to be detected. Yes. That is, as the aggregation progresses and the particle size of the floc increases, the frequency of occurrence of a large change in the received light level increases.
- FIG. 5A is a graph summarizing the probability (occurrence rate) that a large amplitude appears in the output signal Do.
- This measurement voltage range with a large amplitude is set to 200 [mV] to 1800 [mV] assuming a change due to the movement of the flock 68.
- the incidence was tabulated in units of 1 minute (30 samples).
- a sample whose aggregation state is known is used.
- the aggregation state of each sample is divided into D0, D1, D2,... Dn by an aggregation state index D representing the aggregation state.
- the aggregation state index D is related to the particle diameter Df of floc in the sample.
- the particle diameter Df of floc in the sample is approximately as follows.
- D1: Df 0.3 to 0.5 [mm]
- D2: Df 0.5 to 0.75 [mm]
- D3: Df 0.75 to 1.0 [mm]
- D4: Df 1.0 to 1.25 [mm]
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 5A indicates that the value of the aggregation state index D is 10 times. That is, “10” on the horizontal axis is “D1”, “20” is “D2”, “30” is “D3”, and “40” is “D4”.
- the quadratic curve shown in FIG. 5A is a curve having the highest correlation value (R 2 value) with respect to the total result.
- the relationship between the occurrence rate of the amplitude AW and the 10-fold value of the aggregation state index D is a quadratic function. If the 10-fold value of the agglomeration state index D on the horizontal axis is proportional to the particle size Df, the aggregation results shown in FIG. 5A agree with the logic expressed by Equation (6) described above. .
- the probability (occurrence rate) that a large amplitude appears in the output signal Do and the aggregation state index D are correlated with each other.
- the aggregation state index D of the water to be treated and the particle diameter Dr of the floc 68 can be estimated.
- FIG. 5A shows the result of quadratic curve processing by performing quadratic approximation on measurement data based on the theory.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the measurement data may be approximated by a third-order or higher and processed by a third-order or higher curve.
- B of FIG. 5 shows the result of cubic curve processing after performing cubic approximation on the measurement data.
- the correlation value R 2 is 0.9192.
- C of FIG. 5 shows the result of the quartic curve processing after performing the quartic approximation on the measurement data.
- the correlation value R 2 increases from 0.918 to 0.919
- the correlation value R 2 increases from 0.918 to 0.920.
- the generation rate of the amplitude of the output signal Do is small, and the output signal increases as the aggregation state index D increases.
- the incidence of Do amplitude also increases. That is, the aggregation state can be determined based on the occurrence rate of the amplitude of the output signal Do.
- the second measurement principle assumes measurement of the water 8 to be treated in which flocs having a particle size larger than the diameter of the measurement region 18 enter and exit the measurement region 18.
- the water to be treated 8 in which flocs exceeding the diameter of the measurement region 18 coexist is targeted.
- the entire floc 68 cannot be accommodated in the measurement region 18.
- the scattered light is generated from the entire measurement region 18, the scattered light and its amplitude are saturated. That is, it becomes difficult to determine the particle diameter based on the amplitude of the scattered light.
- FIG. 6A and FIG. 7A show an example of the state of occurrence of flocs of 1 [mm] or more.
- 6A is an example when a part of the particles enters the entire irradiation region
- FIG. 7A is an example when the particles existing in the particle gap enter and exit the detection region.
- 6B shows an example of the detection waveform of the output signal Do in the generation state shown in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7B shows an example of the detection waveform of the output signal Do in the generation state shown in FIG. Show.
- the measurement region 18 is a circle having a diameter of about 1 [mm] and the floc 68 is grown in a particle size larger than 1 [mm], as shown in FIG. There is a case where the entire measurement area 18 is occupied. In such a generated state, as shown in FIG. 6B, the scattered light is saturated and the waveform amplitude AW is saturated. That is, the upper limit of the waveform amplitude AW is the saturation value of the scattered light.
- the state shifts to the state shown in FIG.
- the particle size of the floc 68 is large, a relatively large gap is formed between the adjacent flocs 68 as compared with the case where the particle size is small. Therefore, in the state shown in FIG. 7A, the small flock 68 existing in the gap of the large flock 68 enters and exits the measurement region 18, and the intensity of the output signal Do changes, for example, as shown in FIG. Becomes a large waveform. Therefore, by collecting the waveform amplitude AW, it is possible to obtain the particle size information of the floc 68 in the gap of the large floc 68.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C It is assumed that the appearance rate for each particle size of the floc 68 has a normal distribution.
- 8A is an example of a distribution when the aggregation level is low
- FIG. 8B is an example of a distribution when the aggregation level is medium
- FIG. 8C is an example of a distribution when the aggregation level is high.
- the particle size of the floc 68 increases.
- the amplitude AW of the waveform is saturated. Therefore, under the assumption that the appearance rate for each particle size of the floc 68 is a normal distribution, (1) the particle size with the highest appearance rate, (2) the appearance rate of the particle size within a specific range, or (3) the appearance of the soot
- the aggregation state can be evaluated by measuring the particle size having the highest rate and the appearance rate of the particle size in a specific range. If the agglomeration state progresses from a low aggregation state as shown in FIG. 8A to a high aggregation state as shown in FIG.
- the number of flocs decreases and the waveform amplitude AW is saturated due to the entry / exit of a large floc 68.
- inconvenience due to the decrease in the number of flocks and the saturation of the waveform amplitude AW can be eliminated by increasing the totaling time.
- the treated water 8 is the seven-stage treated water 8 shown below having a known level of aggregation.
- Level 0 Level corresponding to D0 of the aggregation state index
- Level 1 Level corresponding to D1 of the aggregation state index
- Level 2 Corresponding to D2 of the aggregation state index D and level from D1 (hereinafter referred to as “D2A”) .
- Level 3 corresponds to D2 of the aggregation state index D and is a level from D3 (hereinafter referred to as “D2B”).
- Level 4 Corresponds to D3 of the aggregation state index D and is a level from D2 (hereinafter referred to as “D3A”).
- Level 5 Corresponds to D3 of the aggregation state index D and is a level from D4 (hereinafter referred to as “D3B”).
- Level 6 Level corresponding to D4 of the aggregation state index D
- FIG. 9A to 9C and FIG. 10A to 10C represent the frequency of occurrence of the amplitude of the output signal Do of the water to be treated having different aggregation levels for each fixed amplitude range.
- 9A shows the occurrence frequency of an amplitude of 0 [mV] or more and less than 200 [mV]
- FIG. 9B shows the occurrence frequency of an amplitude of 200 [mV] or more and less than 400 [mV].
- C represents an occurrence frequency of an amplitude of 400 [mV] or more and less than 600 [mV].
- 10A shows the frequency of occurrence of amplitudes of 600 [mV] or more and less than 800 [mV]
- FIG. 10B shows the frequency of occurrence of amplitudes of 800 [mV] or more and less than 1000 [mV].
- C represents the occurrence frequency of an amplitude of 1000 [mV] or more.
- FIG. 11 shows the occurrence frequencies shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in an exploded manner for each of the amplitude ranges shown in a to f below.
- a Amplitude of 0 [mV] or more and less than 200 [mV]
- b Amplitude of 200 [mV] or more and less than 400 [mV]
- c Amplitude of 400 [mV] or more and less than 600 [mV]
- d 600 [mV]
- f amplitude above 1000 [mV]
- the frequency of occurrence of the amplitude increases as it approaches the poor aggregation state (that is, the level 0 state).
- the frequency of occurrence is dispersed.
- the variance in the frequency of occurrence of amplitude is small.
- a signal having an amplitude of 200 [mV] or more and less than 400 [mV] has a large floc as shown in FIG. As the agglomeration becomes good, the frequency of occurrence of the amplitude increases. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, at each level from level 0 to level 6, signal dispersion is smaller than a signal having an amplitude of 0 [mV] or more and less than 200 [mV]. Even in a signal having an amplitude of 400 [mV] or more, the same tendency as that of a signal having an amplitude of 200 [mV] or more and less than 400 [mV] is observed.
- the aggregation frequencies 0 to 6 are graphed by averaging the frequency of occurrence of amplitudes of 400 [mV] or more and less than 600 [mV], they can be expressed as shown in Table 2.
- each level of aggregation 0 to 6 is 600 [mV] or more. It is also possible to express using the occurrence frequency of That is, the aggregation state index D of the water to be treated 8 can be determined using the occurrence frequency of the amplitude of 200 [mV] or more. Therefore, it is also possible to determine the aggregation state based on the aggregation state index D and control the aggregation state based on these aggregation states.
- the occurrence tendency of the occurrence frequency is changed with 200 [mV] as a threshold value. That is, the variance is large at an amplitude of less than 200 [mV], whereas the variance is small at an amplitude of 200 [mV] or more. Further, when the amplitude is 200 [mV] or more, the frequency of occurrence of the amplitude increases as the aggregation progresses, and there is a correlation between the frequency of occurrence and the state of aggregation, whereas this amplitude is less than 200 [mV]. I can't see it.
- the amplitude used for the measurement of the aggregation state is not limited to the amplitude of 200 [mV] or more as long as the amplitude is equal to or greater than the threshold at which the tendency of occurrence changes as described above.
- the coagulation treatment is promoted by the chemical injection and stirring of the coagulant.
- the fine colloidal particles move to the measurement region 18 with this stirring, the scattered light from the fine colloidal particles fluctuates.
- This fluctuation period can be estimated by assuming the number of collisions occurring between the colloidal particles and the measurement region 18 as particles.
- the collision cross-sectional area Qo is proportional to the square of the sum of the radius R and the radius r.
- the period of the value obtained by differentiating the scattered light intensity is a value twice the number ⁇ .
- A Aor n (9) It becomes.
- Ao is a constant depending on the measurement system and is a value calibrated using a standard sample.
- micro colloidal particles before agglomeration have a small radius r and a large particle density N, minute fluctuations of scattered light occur in a short cycle.
- the output waveform can be subjected to signal processing equivalent to passing through the band-pass filter 44 or the high-pass filter. That is, if the cutoff frequency of the bandpass filter 44 is appropriately selected, the output signal Do from which the fluctuation component due to the modulation frequency component is removed can be detected.
- the fluctuation when entering and exiting the measurement region 18 is large, and the average period of this fluctuation becomes long.
- the minimum value of the output waveform after detection by the detection circuit 40 corresponds to the scattering of the unaggregated colloid.
- the output signal Do obtained by the detection circuit 40 includes signals due to scattered light of unaggregated colloid and other scattered light, and these are scattered light due to the aggregated colloid in the water 8 to be treated according to the signal amplitude level. And scattered light from unaggregated colloids. Therefore, it is possible to extract a signal component having an amplitude level corresponding to the scattered light caused by the unaggregated colloid from the output signal Do, and to detect the aggregation state of the colloid which is the treatment state of the water 8 to be treated. Can be grasped.
- the laser light emitted from the laser light emitting unit 20 hits the floc 68 existing on the optical path and generates scattered light.
- the average particle density from the scattered light generation point to the scattered light receiving unit 12 is substantially constant
- the floc density is high (when the floc is small)
- the scattered light changes in the distance between the particle and the light emitting surface. Is smaller and the amplitude of the output signal Do is smaller than when the large floc is generated.
- the floc is large, the change in the distance between the particle and the light emitting surface is large, and the amplitude of the output signal Do is large compared to the case of a small floc.
- the minimum value of the signal intensity has information related to the size of the floc, not the turbidity between the flocs.
- the floc when the floc is large, the irradiation area becomes large, so the level of scattered light generated when the laser light hits the floc surface increases, and the floc gap increases due to the increase in floc, resulting in a high level of scattered light. There will be more opportunities.
- This amplitude level is an index corresponding to the probability (occurrence rate) that a large amplitude appears in the output signal Do described above and the frequency of occurrence of the amplitude of the output signal Do.
- the aggregation index is not limited to determining whether the aggregation is “low”, “appropriate amount”, “appropriate amount or excess”, or “excess” depending on the amplitude level, and combining the determination based on the minimum value level of the output signal Do. You may make it judge. By combining a plurality of measurement methods, the aggregation state can be determined in more detail.
- the agglomeration state can be determined by switching between the chemical injection control by measuring the amplitude level and the chemical injection control by measuring the minimum value level.
- the chemical injection is controlled at the amplitude level, and as shown in Case 5 of Table 3, at the lowest value level.
- control at the lowest value level may be performed.
- FIG. 12 shows processing of signals used for monitoring.
- the timing signal Ts is a pulse signal having a constant pulse width tw at intervals (periods) of a constant time T as shown in A of FIG.
- the modulation signal Ms is a periodic signal having a constant frequency f and the same amplitude as shown in FIG.
- the frequency f may be selected from 70 to 150 [kHz].
- the light emission signal Dr is an output signal of the AM modulation circuit 30 that modulates the timing signal Ts with the modulation signal Ms, as shown in C of FIG. That is, the light emission signal Dr is a periodic signal in which the modulation signal Ms is superimposed on the pulse width tw in the H level section of the timing signal Ts. That is, the light emission signal Dr is a periodic signal whose pulse width tw changes with the amplitude of the modulation signal Ms and is intermittent with the timing signal Ts.
- laser light having a light emission mode based on the light emission signal Dr can be obtained from the laser light emitting element 26.
- a light reception signal Eo is obtained on the output side of the amplifier 46 as shown in FIG. 12D.
- the light reception signal Eo is intermittent with the timing signal Ts, has the frequency of the modulation signal Ms, and has a level of amplitude corresponding to the intensity of the scattered light.
- this light reception signal Eo is detected by the detection circuit 40, as shown in E of FIG. 12, an output signal Do having a DC level corresponding to the intensity of the scattered light is obtained intermittently with the timing signal Ts.
- the output of the bandpass filter 44 is half-wave rectified and detected, and then the bottom peak of the detection output is peak-held to obtain the output signal Do.
- the minimum value of the amplitude and the signal level described above is measured from the output signal Do through A / D conversion.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of the processing procedure of aggregation monitoring.
- This processing procedure is an example of the aggregation monitoring method of the present invention.
- This processing procedure is executed by a computing process (information processing) including the processor 58 and the memory unit 60 included in the arithmetic circuit 48.
- condition setting step (S1) conditions for aggregation monitoring are set in the condition setting step (S1).
- the threshold value TA for determining the magnitude of the amplitude level
- the threshold value TL1 for determining that the level of the output signal Do is lower or lower, or the middle level or higher, and the level of the output signal Do is lower or higher or higher or higher.
- a threshold value TL2 for determining this is set.
- the threshold values TL1 and TL2 are set such that threshold value TL1 ⁇ threshold value TL2, and the threshold values TA, TL1, and TL2 are appropriately set according to the SS turbidity of the water to be treated and the signal amplification factor in the photoelectric conversion circuit 38.
- scattered light is received from the measurement region 18 and converted into a received light signal having a level representing the intensity of the scattered light.
- the occurrence rate of amplitude and the minimum value of received light level are measured. These measurement values are determined for each measurement value.
- the amplitude occurrence rate may be measured as an amplitude occurrence frequency.
- the occurrence rate of the amplitude is equal to or greater than the threshold TA (NO in S7), since the water to be treated is agglomerated at an appropriate level or excessive level, it is determined whether the minimum value of the received light level is less than the threshold TL1 (S9). ).
- the SS turbidity between the flocks 68 can be measured, and therefore an aggregation index representing the “appropriate or excessive” level is output (S10). ).
- case 5 shown in Table 3 can be determined. Since the SS turbidity between the flocs 68 can be measured, the chemical injection control based on the minimum value of the light receiving level is performed under the output of the aggregation index.
- an aggregation index indicating the “appropriate amount” level is output (S12). Based on such determination, Case 2 shown in Table 3 can be determined. Under the output of such an agglomeration index, control is performed to maintain the dose of medicine.
- the calculation circuit 48 includes an amplitude detection unit 50 that measures the amplitude of a waveform from a change in the signal waveform of the output signal Do together with a minimum value detection unit 52 that measures the minimum value.
- an index is calculated based on the amplitude, and an index related to aggregation is output together with the minimum value or by calculating the minimum value.
- the soot amplitude detector 50 Since the soot amplitude detector 50 is provided, the agglomeration state can be measured even when a large floc exists in the measurement region 18, so that the light emission time of the laser light emitting element 26 can be shortened. A life-prolonging effect can be obtained.
- the index is calculated by using an amplitude of 200 [mV] or more.
- the occurrence frequency parameter can be increased, and the aggregation state can be measured in a short time.
- the treatment state of the water to be treated during aggregation can be accurately grasped in real time, and the dosage of the flocculant according to the treatment state can be selected.
- FIG. 14 shows an aggregation system according to the second embodiment.
- the aggregation system 72 is an example of an aggregation processing system using the aggregation monitoring device 2 according to the first embodiment. 14, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the flocculation index of the water to be treated 8 in which the flocculation treatment is performed in the flocculation tank 6 is calculated and provided to the control unit 74.
- This agglomeration index indicates an agglomeration index obtained from the treatment state of the water to be treated 8 that is agglomerated in the agglomeration tank 6.
- This control unit 74 controls the agglomeration treatment of the water 8 to be treated in the agglomeration tank 6 such as the amount of the flocculant injected and the stirring control.
- a flocculant is injected into the water 8 to be treated in the flocculation tank 6 from the chemical injection section 76.
- the stirrer 78 installed in the coagulation tank 6 is driven by a drive unit 80, and this drive is controlled by the control unit 74.
- the control unit 74 is configured by a computer, for example, and calculates the dosage of the flocculant using the aggregation index provided from the aggregation monitoring device 2.
- FIG. 15 shows an example of the processing procedure of the aggregation processing.
- this processing procedure it is determined whether or not the aggregation process is started (S21), and the aggregation process is started according to the determination result.
- coagulation monitoring is performed on the treatment state of the water 8 to be treated in the coagulation tank 6 (S22).
- This aggregation monitoring is performed by the aggregation monitoring device 2. Details of this processing content are omitted.
- an aggregation index indicating the treatment state of the water to be treated 8 is calculated (S 23) and provided to the control unit 74 of the aggregation system 72.
- the controller 74 Upon receipt of the aggregation index, the controller 74 selects the aggregating agent injection amount based on the aggregation index (S24). Thereby, the chemical injection of the flocculant is performed from the chemical injection part 76 (S25).
- Whether or not the aggregation process is to be terminated is monitored (S26). If the aggregation process is not terminated (NO in S26), the process returns to S22 and the aggregation process is continued by the processes of S22 to S26.
- the coagulation efficiency can be improved by optimizing the amount of chemicals to be treated, and stable coagulation treatment.
- the compensation function of the agglomeration system based on the measurement of the processing state of the coagulation tank 6 can be maintained, the influence of environmental coagulant can be avoided by preventing the excessive coagulant administration, and the agglomeration process with high reliability Can be realized.
- laser light that is emitted at a predetermined time interval and amplitude-modulated at a predetermined frequency is used, but turbidity is measured without considering the life of the laser light-emitting element.
- laser light that has been subjected to amplitude modulation at a predetermined frequency may be used.
- a plurality of lowest level signals may be extracted from the continuous light reception signal at a predetermined timing.
- the bandpass filter 44 and the amplifier 46 may be realized by digital processing.
- purified water, industrial water, waste water, etc. are exemplified as the treated water 8 whose treatment state is monitored by the aggregation monitoring device 2, but this treated water 8 is discarded from the quarry. It may be a drinking liquid such as highly concentrated inorganic waste water or fruit juice.
- a water tank to be treated may be provided downstream of the line mixing device to perform the flocculation monitoring. That is, the to-be-treated water 8 that has been subjected to the agglomeration treatment may be stored in the to-be-treated water tank, and the aggregation index of the to-be-treated water 8 may be calculated.
- the process condition of the coagulation process of to-be-processed water such as purified water, industrial water, and waste_water
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Abstract
Description
Nr:N2r=(πr3)-1:{π(2r)3}-1=8:1 ・・・(1)
で表すことができる。
Sr:S2r=πr2:π(2r)2=1:4 ・・・(2)
で表すことができる。散乱光の強度は、計測領域18内の粒子表面積の総和で表されるとすれば、粒径2r〔mm〕、粒子数N2rである被処理水で発生する散乱光強度の平均値は、
平均値=N2r×S2r=Nr/8×4Sr=1/2NrSr ・・・(3)
で表される。つまり、粒径r〔mm〕、粒子数Nrである被処理水で発生する散乱光強度の平均値の半分になる。
Vr:V2r=(Vd-dvr×Nr):(Vd-dv2r×N2r) ・・・(4)
で表すことができる。
dvr:dv2r=πr3:π(2r)3=1:8 ・・・(5)
で表すことができる。
ΔPr:ΔP2r=Sr×(Vd-dvr×Nr):S2r×(Vd-dv2r×N2r)
=Sr×(Vd-dvr×Nr):4Sr×(Vd-8dvr×8-1Nr)
=Sr×(Vd-dvr×Nr):4Sr×(Vd-dvr×Nr)
=1:4
=r2:(2r)2 ・・・(6)
となる。数式(6)は、計測領域18に出入りする粒子により発生する受光レベルの変化量ΔPr、ΔP2rは、検出しようとするフロック68の粒径の2乗に比例して変化することを表している。つまり、凝集が進行しフロックの粒径が大きくなるにつれて、大きな受光レベルの変化の発生頻度が増えることになる。
D1: Df=0.3~0.5〔mm〕
D2: Df=0.5~0.75〔mm〕
D3: Df=0.75~1.0〔mm〕
D4: Df=1.0~1.25〔mm〕
レベル1: 凝集状態指標DのD1に相当するレベル
レベル2: 凝集状態指標DのD2に相当し、D1よりのレベル(以下「D2A」という)。
レベル3: 凝集状態指標DのD2に相当し、D3よりのレベル(以下「D2B」という)。
レベル4: 凝集状態指標DのD3に相当し、D2よりのレベル(以下「D3A」という)。
レベル5: 凝集状態指標DのD3に相当し、D4よりのレベル(以下「D3B」という)。
レベル6: 凝集状態指標DのD4に相当するレベル
a: 0〔mV〕以上、200〔mV〕未満の振幅
b: 200〔mV〕以上、400〔mV〕未満の振幅
c: 400〔mV〕以上、600〔mV〕未満の振幅
d: 600〔mV〕以上、800〔mV〕未満の振幅
e: 800〔mV〕以上、1000〔mV〕未満の振幅
f: 1000〔mV〕以上の振幅
Qo=π(R+r)2 ・・・(7)
で表すことができる。この式から明らかなように、衝突断面積Qoは半径Rと半径rの加算値の二乗に比例する。
ν=NQov ・・・(8)
で表すことができる。微小コロイド粒子が計測領域18から出る場合にも同様に、変動を生じ、散乱光強度を微分した値の周期は、回数νの2倍の値となる。
A=Aorn ・・・(9)
となる。なお、Aoは、測定系に依存する定数であり、標準試料を用いて校正される値である。
4 センサ部
6 凝集槽
8 被処理水
10 レーザ光照射部
12 散乱光受光部
14-1 第1の光ファイバ
14-2 第2の光ファイバ
16 遮蔽部材
18 計測領域
20 レーザ光発光部
22-1 第1の支持部
22-2 第2の支持部
24 頂角部
26 レーザ発光素子
28 発光回路
30 AM変調回路
32 タイミング回路
34 ファンクションジェネレータ
36 信号処理部
38 光電変換回路
40 検波回路
42 フォトディテクタ
44 バンドパスフィルタ
46 増幅器
48 演算回路
50 振幅検出部
52 最低値検出部
54 発光制御部
56 A/D
58 プロセッサ
60 メモリ部
62 プログラム記憶部
64 データ記録部
66 RAM
72 凝集システム
74 制御部
76 薬注部
78 攪拌器
80 駆動部
Claims (6)
- 凝集処理される被処理水の処理状態を監視する凝集モニタリング装置であって、
計測光を前記被処理水の計測領域に照射する計測光照射部と、
前記計測領域にある前記被処理水の粒子による散乱光を受光する散乱光受光部と、
前記散乱光受光部に得られる受光信号の振幅を用いて前記被処理水の凝集に関わる指標を算出する計測値演算部と、
を備えることを特徴とする凝集モニタリング装置。 - 前記計測値演算部は、前記散乱光受光部に得られる受光信号の振幅を計測する振幅計測手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の凝集モニタリング装置。
- 前記計測値演算部はさらに、前記受光信号から前記信号の最低値を計測する最低値計測手段を備え、前記振幅計測手段の計測結果、または振幅計測手段および前記最低値計測手段の計測結果を用いて前記凝集に関わる指標を算出することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の凝集モニタリング装置。
- 前記計測値演算部は、前記振幅の計測結果に基づき特定の振幅の発生率または発生頻度を算出して前記凝集に関わる指標を算出し、
前記特定の振幅は、凝集が進むにつれて発生頻度が高くなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかの請求項に記載の凝集モニタリング装置。 - 凝集処理される被処理水の処理状態を監視する凝集モニタリング方法であって、
計測光を前記被処理水の計測領域に照射する計測光照射工程と、
前記計測領域にある前記被処理水の粒子による散乱光を受光する散乱光受光工程と、
前記散乱光受光工程で得られる受光信号から前記散乱光の強度を表す計測値を取り出す信号処理工程と、
前記散乱光の強度を表す計測値から前記散乱光の振幅を計測し、この振幅の計測結果を用いて凝集に関わる指標を算出する計測値演算工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする凝集モニタリング方法。 - 被処理水を凝集処理する凝集システムであって、
前記被処理水を溜める被処理水槽と、
前記被処理水槽の前記被処理水の処理状態を監視する凝集モニタリング手段と、
前記被処理水に前記処理状態に応じた薬注量の凝集剤を注入する薬注手段と、
を備え、前記モニタリング手段が、
凝集処理される被処理水の処理状態を監視する凝集モニタリング装置であって、
計測光を前記被処理水の計測領域に照射する計測光照射部と、
前記計測領域にある前記被処理水の粒子による散乱光を受光する散乱光受光部と、
前記散乱光受光部に得られる受光信号の振幅を用いて前記被処理水の凝集に関わる指標を算出する計測値演算部と、
を含み、
前記薬注手段が前記凝集に関わる指標に基づき前記凝集剤の注入量を調整することを特徴とする凝集システム。
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KR1020187000846A KR102493112B1 (ko) | 2015-07-22 | 2016-07-21 | 응집 모니터링 장치, 응집 모니터링 방법 및 응집 시스템 |
EP16827445.4A EP3327425A4 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2016-07-21 | COAGULATION MONITORING DEVICE, METHOD OF MONITORING THE COAGULATION AND COAGULATION SYSTEM |
SG11201800163SA SG11201800163SA (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2016-07-21 | Flocculation monitoring apparatus, flocculation monitoring method, and flocculation system |
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JP6897742B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-07-07 | 栗田工業株式会社 | ベルトプレス脱水システムの監視装置、監視方法および制御装置 |
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CN112255177A (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-22 | 鄂尔多斯市中钰泰德煤炭有限公司 | 一种高效连续的智能化在线监测煤泥水清水层厚度的方法 |
US20240317609A1 (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2024-09-26 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Sludge treatment facility operation assistance navigation system and sludge treatment facility oepration assistance method |
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JP7363984B1 (ja) | 2022-07-22 | 2023-10-18 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 凝集状態の判断方法及び凝集処理方法 |
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