WO2017009908A1 - 電子書籍表示装置、電子書籍表示方法、及びプログラム - Google Patents
電子書籍表示装置、電子書籍表示方法、及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017009908A1 WO2017009908A1 PCT/JP2015/069951 JP2015069951W WO2017009908A1 WO 2017009908 A1 WO2017009908 A1 WO 2017009908A1 JP 2015069951 W JP2015069951 W JP 2015069951W WO 2017009908 A1 WO2017009908 A1 WO 2017009908A1
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- page
- character
- electronic book
- related data
- display device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/10—Text processing
- G06F40/103—Formatting, i.e. changing of presentation of documents
- G06F40/114—Pagination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
- G09G5/022—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed using memory planes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
- G06F3/0483—Interaction with page-structured environments, e.g. book metaphor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic book display device, an electronic book display method, and a program.
- Patent Document 1 Before selling comic book electronic data consisting of a plurality of pages, page-related data such as the position and order of frames in each page, the position and order of speech balloons, and the like are extracted in advance. A technique for selling page-related data together with comic image data and storing it in the memory of the user's terminal is described.
- Patent Document 1 For example, not only image data of an electronic book but also page related data needs to be downloaded and stored in the memory of the user's terminal, which increases the amount of memory used.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to make it possible to use page-related data while suppressing memory usage.
- an electronic book display device includes a data acquisition unit that acquires the electronic book data stored in a unit that stores electronic book data including a plurality of pages, and the data acquisition unit.
- Display control means for displaying one or more specified pages of the plurality of pages on the display means based on the electronic book data acquired by the above, and the one or more pages displayed on the display means
- Page-related data generation means for generating page-related data based on the at least one page and recording it in the storage means before at least one of the previous and subsequent pages is displayed on the display means. It is characterized by.
- An electronic book display method includes a data acquisition step for acquiring the electronic book data stored in a means for storing electronic book data consisting of a plurality of pages, and an electronic book data acquired by the data acquisition step.
- a display control step for displaying one or more specified pages of the plurality of pages on a display unit, and at least one of the one or more pages before and after the one or more pages displayed on the display unit
- a page-related data generation step of generating page-related data based on the at least one page and recording the page-related data in the storage means before the page is displayed on the display means.
- the program according to the present invention is based on data acquisition means for acquiring the electronic book data stored in the means for storing electronic book data consisting of a plurality of pages, based on the electronic book data acquired by the data acquisition means, Display control means for displaying one or more specified pages among a plurality of pages on the display means, and at least one page before and after the one or more pages displayed on the display means is the display means Before being displayed on the screen, the computer is caused to function as page-related data generation means for generating page-related data based on the at least one page and recording it in the storage means.
- the information storage medium according to the present invention is a computer-readable information storage medium storing the above-described program.
- the page-related data generation unit extracts a character area candidate in the at least one page before the at least one page is displayed on the display unit, and
- the electronic book display device generates and records page-related data, and when the at least one page is displayed on the display unit, the electronic book display device receives a designation operation of the character area candidate and the reception unit And a post-operation character determination unit that determines whether or not a character is included in the character region candidate specified by the specification operation after the specification operation is received, and the display control unit includes the post-operation A character region candidate determined to include a character by the character determination unit is enlarged and displayed on the display unit.
- the electronic book display device performs a pre-operation character that executes a first character determination process on the character region candidate before the designation operation is accepted by the accepting unit.
- the first character determination processing is further performed when the character region candidate determined by the pre-operation character determination unit is specified by the specifying operation.
- the second character determination process with higher accuracy is executed.
- the page-related data generating means when the number of the character area candidates in the at least one page is less than a reference, the character of the next page of the at least one page A region candidate is further extracted and generated and recorded as page related data.
- the electronic book display device further includes a size determination unit that determines whether the outline of the character region candidate or the size of the character region candidate itself is greater than or equal to a reference. And the post-operation character determining means does not consider the character area candidate determined to be smaller than the reference by the size determining means, and the character determined to be larger than the reference by the size determining means. It is characterized by determining whether a character is contained in an area
- the page related data generating means extracts the character area candidate in the upper area without extracting the character area candidate in the lower area of the at least one page; It includes at least one of means for extracting character area candidates until a reference number is reached in the reading order of each character area in at least one page.
- the page-related data generation unit extracts a character area in the at least one page before the at least one page is displayed on the display unit.
- the electronic book display device further includes accepting means for accepting an operation for designating the character area when the at least one page is displayed on the display means, and the display control means When the designation operation is accepted by the accepting means, the character area designated by the designation operation is enlarged and displayed on the display means.
- the page related data generation means includes means for extracting character area candidates in the at least one page before the at least one page is displayed on the display means. And the character region is extracted by determining whether or not the character region candidate includes a character.
- the page-related data generation unit performs a first character determination process on the character area candidate before the at least one page is displayed on the display unit. Then, by executing a second character determination process with higher accuracy than the first character determination process on the character region candidate determined to include a character by the first character determination process, A character region is extracted.
- the page-related data generation unit includes a size determination unit that determines whether the outline of the character region candidate or the size of the character region candidate itself is greater than or equal to a reference. Whether or not the character area candidate determined to be smaller than the reference by the size determination means is not subject to determination, and the character area candidate determined to be larger than the reference by the size determination means includes a character. The character region is extracted by determining whether or not.
- the page-related data generating means when the number of the character areas in the at least one page is less than a reference, the characters in the page next to the at least one page A region is further extracted and generated and recorded as page related data.
- the page-related data generating means extracts the character area in the upper area without extracting the character area in the lower area of the at least one page; And a means for extracting character areas until a reference number is reached in the reading order of the character areas in the at least one page.
- the electronic book display device includes means for acquiring the history data stored in the means for storing history data relating to the history of the designation operation by the user of the electronic book display device.
- the page related data generation means further includes a frequency determination means for determining whether the frequency of the designation operation by the user is equal to or higher than a standard based on the history data, and the frequency determination means exceeds the standard. When it is determined that the page related data is generated, the page related data is generated and recorded.
- the electronic book display device acquires the page data stored in a unit that stores page data related to a page on which the designation operation has been performed by a user of the electronic book display device.
- the page-related data generating means further includes past determination means for determining whether or not the designation operation has been performed on the at least one page by the user in the past based on the page data. And the page related data is generated and recorded when it is determined by the past determination means that the designation operation has been performed.
- the electronic book display device is stored in means for storing page data relating to a page on which the designation operation has been performed by a user other than the user of the electronic book display device.
- the page-related data generation means further includes means for acquiring the page data, and the page-related data generation means determines whether the designation operation has been performed on the at least one page in the past by the other user based on the page data.
- Past determination means for determining whether or not the designation operation has been performed by the past determination means, and generating and recording the page related data.
- the electronic book display device further includes means for acquiring age information related to the age of the user of the electronic book display device, and the page related data generation means includes the age information. Based on age determination means for determining whether or not the age of the user is higher than a reference, and generating and recording the page related data when determined by the age determination means to be higher than the reference, It is characterized by that.
- the electronic book display device further includes means for obtaining size information regarding a screen size of the display means, and the page related data generation means is based on the size information, Including size determining means for determining whether or not the screen size of the display means is less than a reference, and generating and recording the page related data when the size determining means determines that the screen size is less than the reference. It is characterized by.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the hardware constitutions of the electronic book display apparatus in this embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows an example of the function implement
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of page related data generation processing according to the second embodiment. It is a functional block diagram of modification (1). It is explanatory drawing of the upper area
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an electronic book display device according to the present embodiment.
- the electronic book display device 1 is a computer operated by a user, and is, for example, a mobile phone (including a smartphone), a portable information terminal (including a tablet computer), an electronic book reader terminal, or a personal computer.
- the electronic book display device 1 includes a control unit 10, a storage unit 11, a communication unit 12, an operation unit 13, a display unit 14, and an input / output unit 15.
- the control unit 10 includes, for example, one or a plurality of microprocessors.
- the control unit 10 executes processing according to programs and data stored in the storage unit 11.
- the storage unit 11 includes a main storage unit and an auxiliary storage unit.
- the main storage unit is a RAM
- the auxiliary storage unit is a hard disk or a solid state drive.
- the communication unit 12 is a communication interface such as a network card.
- the operation unit 13 is a general input device, for example, a pointing device such as a touch panel or a mouse.
- the operation unit 13 transmits the operation contents of the user to the control unit 10.
- the display unit 14 is, for example, a liquid crystal display unit or an organic EL display unit.
- the display unit 14 displays a screen according to instructions from the control unit 10.
- the input / output unit 15 is an input / output interface for inputting / outputting data to / from an external device.
- the input / output unit 15 reads data or a program from a computer-readable information storage medium (for example, an optical disk or a memory card).
- the program and data described as being stored in the storage unit 11 may be supplied from the server computer connected to the network to the storage unit 11 via the communication unit 12 or an information storage medium. May be supplied to the storage unit 11 via the input / output unit 15.
- the hardware configuration of the electronic book display device 1 is not limited to the above example, and various computer hardware can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of functions realized by the electronic book display device 1.
- the data storage unit 100 the data acquisition unit 101, the page feed operation reception unit 102, the display control unit 103, the page related data generation unit 104, the designation operation reception unit 105, The post-operation character determination unit 106 is realized.
- the data storage unit 100 is realized mainly by the storage unit 11, and other functions are realized mainly by the control unit 10.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of electronic book data. As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, each page of an electronic book is described with a reference numeral such as “P N ”. “ N ” in “P N ” is a natural number and indicates the number of pages. Since the electronic book shown in FIG. 3 is composed of 50 pages, N takes a value from 1 to 50. For example, when described as a page P 20, it indicates that the first 20 pages, when described as a page P 21 indicates that the first 21 pages.
- the electronic book may be a book electronically displayed on the display unit 14, for example, a comic book, a picture book, or a magazine.
- the electronic book includes at least characters.
- An electronic book may include a picture, a photograph, a figure, and the like in addition to characters. Note that the picture here is not limited to a picture drawn by a person by hand and read by a scanner and includes CG drawn by a person using a computer.
- the data format of the electronic book data may be a data format generally used in electronic books.
- E-book data includes the image data of each page P N. It image data for each page P N may be present, only one of the image data collectively all pages P N may be present.
- the electronic book may be in color, monochrome, or gray scale. Note that the electronic book data may include accompanying data attached to the image data.
- the incidental data includes the number of pages of each page and the date of issue. In the present embodiment, a grayscale cartoon composed of a plurality of pages will be described as an example of an electronic book.
- the data storage unit 100 may store data other than electronic book data.
- the data storage unit 100 may store an electronic book reader application (viewer application).
- the data storage unit 100 may store learning data for character determination described later.
- Data acquisition unit 101 acquires the electronic book data stored in the data storage unit 100 that stores electronic book data consisting of a plurality of pages P N. As described above, the electronic book data has included the image data, the data acquisition unit 101 may acquire a time the image data of all pages P N, some of the pages P N of the image Only data may be acquired. If the data acquiring unit 101 acquires only the image data of a portion of a page P N, the data acquisition unit 101 may acquire only the image data of a page P N to be displayed, the display target page P N and image data of the preceding and page P N may be acquired. Incidentally, the display object, may be only one page P N, may be a plurality of pages P N as such spread.
- the page turning operation accepting unit 102 accepts a page turning operation.
- Page turning operation is an operation for specifying a page P N to be displayed on the display unit 14.
- a page feed operation is an operation for switching the pages P N which is displayed on the display unit 14.
- the page turning operation may be a predetermined operation, for example, an operation for selecting an icon displayed on the display unit 14, or a flick operation if the operation unit 13 is a touch panel.
- page feed operation it can be said that the operation for designating any one of the pages P N.
- the display control unit 103 based on the electronic book data obtained by the data obtaining unit 101 causes the display unit 14 the designated page P N of the plurality of pages P N.
- the display control unit 103 will be displayed the page P N specified by page turning operation on the display unit 14. For example, the display control unit 103, if the page turning operation by the page feed operation accepting unit 102 is accepted, display the page P N + 1 or immediately preceding page P N-1 after one of the pages P N being displayed Display on the unit 14.
- the number of pages to be displayed may be designated by a page turning operation. For example, in a state where the page P 20 is displayed on the display unit 14, the pages P 21 to P 29 may be skipped so that the page P 30 can be designated by the page turning operation. Also, if the be displayed as in the present embodiment is of a single page P N, the display control unit 103 may be displayed across the page P N, only a portion of the page P N May be displayed. When displaying only a portion of the page P N, the display control unit 103 will be displayed the user instructs via the operation unit 13 portion.
- the page-related data generating unit 104 at least one of the pages P N-K and after prior page P N which is displayed on the display unit 14, P N + K (K is a natural number) on the display unit 14 Before being displayed, page related data is generated based on at least one of the pages P N ⁇ K and P N + K and recorded in the data storage unit 100. It should be noted that the page P N-K is a pre-only K on page P N, page P N + K is later only K pages of page P N.
- Page-related data is data obtained by performing image processing on each page P N.
- the character area candidate is an area to be subjected to character determination.
- the character area candidate is an area that may contain a character. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the page-related data generating unit 104, before at least one of the pages P N-K, the P N + K is displayed on the display section 14, at least one of the pages P N-K, the P N + K Are extracted and generated as page related data and recorded.
- Page-related data generating unit 104 may generate only the pages relevant data Previous P N-K than a page P N, after the page P N + K only may generate a page-related data, Page related data may be generated for both of these. In the present embodiment, a case will be described in which the page related data generation unit 104 generates page related data of the page PN + 1 next to the page PN being displayed.
- the display control unit 103 will be displayed on the display unit 14 the page P 1 of the first page, the page-related data generating unit 104, the page P 1 is the display unit 14 in before it is displayed, and records the generated page-related data of the page P 1.
- the page related data generation unit 104 displays the page related data of the page P 2 before the next page P 2 is displayed on the display unit 14. Is generated and recorded in advance.
- the display control unit 103 page turning operation is performed by the display the page P 2
- page-related data generating unit 104 before the next page P 3 is displayed on the display unit 14, the page P 3
- the page related data is generated and recorded in advance. Thereafter, page related data of pages P 4 to P 50 are generated in the same manner.
- the page related data generated by the page related data generation unit 104 is held in the data storage unit 100 until the application of the electronic book reader is ended will be described.
- the page related data may be discarded at a predetermined timing. For example, for page-related data pages leaves the page P N in a display, it may be discarded.
- Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of the page P 21.
- a comic is described as an example of an electronic book. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the page P 21 includes one or a plurality of frames 21.
- the frame 21 is a section where pictures and characters are drawn in the page.
- the page P 21 includes two frames 21 (these are also referred to as frames 21A and 21B).
- each frame 21 is surrounded by a frame, but may not be surrounded by a frame.
- Each frame 21 includes an object such as a picture, a speech bubble, or a character.
- the balloon line represents the dialogue of the cartoon character.
- the character is a cartoon character and may be an animal, a robot, or a fictitious creature other than a human being.
- One or a plurality of characters representing the dialogue of the character are included inside the balloon.
- a group of a plurality of characters is referred to as a character group.
- a character 22A, a speech bubble 23A, a character group 24A, and a sun 25A are drawn on the frame 21A
- characters 22B and 22C, a speech bubble 23B, a character group 24B, and Tableware 25B is drawn.
- the characters 22A to 22C, the sun 25A, and the tableware 25B are examples of the picture described above.
- the speech line 23A indicates the line of the character 22A
- the speech line 23B indicates the line of the character 22C.
- the page-related data generating unit 104 includes a determination limit unit 104C, as described below, the character group 24A in the page P 21 shown in FIG. 4, By detecting 24B as a block of characters, page related data indicating a character area candidate is generated.
- the combining restriction unit 104A restricts the region and the region expanded by the expansion unit 104B described later from being combined. For example, if the character group 24A is expanded and combined with the speech balloon 23A, the character group 24A cannot be detected as a lump of characters. For this reason, the combination restriction unit 104A increases the detection accuracy of the character group 24A by restricting the combination as described below.
- Region is a portion that is drawn object among the pages P 21 (pixels), which is part of the background color (e.g., white) other colors (e.g., black or gray).
- the background color e.g., white
- other colors e.g., black or gray
- portions in which objects such as characters 22A to 22C, speech balloons 23A and 23B, character groups 24A and 24B, the sun 25A, and tableware 25B are drawn correspond to the region referred to in the present embodiment.
- the object can be said to be drawn was that appear in a portion other than the background of the page P 21.
- the outline is a border of the area, and in the present embodiment, what is expressed as a line by the electronic book display device 1 is described as an outline.
- the region can also be referred to as the inside of the contour or a portion sandwiched between the contour and the contour.
- the character “L” is an area inside the contour
- the character “O” is a region sandwiched between the outer contour and the inner contour.
- the size of the contour may be, for example, the width of the contour, the length of the contour line, the area inside the contour, and the like. In this embodiment, the size of the circumscribed rectangle of the contour is used as the size of the contour. .
- the size of the region may be, for example, the width of the region, but in this embodiment, the size of the circumscribed rectangle of the region is used as the size of the region.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the outline and the size of the area.
- the Xs axis and Ys axis in FIG. 5 are coordinate axes of the screen coordinate system.
- the balloon line 23A is taken as an example of the region, and the size of the outline of the balloon line 23A and the size of the balloon line 23A itself will be described.
- the outer peripheral outline and the inner peripheral outline of the balloon line 23A are drawn with broken lines, and the balloon line 23A itself is drawn with a solid line.
- a space is provided between the solid line and the broken line, but there is actually no space between them.
- the circumscribed rectangle of the contour line is a region between the minimum value and the maximum value of the Xs coordinate and between the minimum value and the maximum value of the Ys coordinate in the contour line.
- the circumscribed rectangle of the outer peripheral contour line is a rectangle having vertices at points Q 1A to Q 4A , and the size of this rectangle corresponds to the size of the outer peripheral contour line.
- the circumscribed rectangle of the inner peripheral contour line is a rectangle having points Q 1B to Q 4B as vertices, the size of this rectangle corresponds to the size of the inner peripheral contour line.
- the circumscribed rectangle of the balloon line 23A is an area between the minimum value and the maximum value of the Xs coordinate and the area between the minimum value and the maximum value of the Ys coordinate among the pixels occupied by the balloon line 23A. Since the circumscribed rectangle of the speech line 23A is a rectangle having vertices at the points Q 1C to Q 4C , the size of this rectangle corresponds to the size of the speech line 23A itself.
- the coupling restriction unit 104A may use either the size of the contour or the size of the region itself. In the present embodiment, a case where the size of the contour is used will be described.
- Ligated restriction unit 104A extracts a circumscribed rectangle of the contour of each region in the page P 21, determines whether the magnitude of the circumscribed rectangle is beyond.
- the numerical value indicating the size at least one of the vertical width and the horizontal width of the circumscribed rectangle may be used, or the area of the circumscribed rectangle may be used.
- the length of the diagonal line of the circumscribed rectangle may be used as a numerical value indicating the size. In this embodiment, a case where both the vertical width and the horizontal width of a circumscribed rectangle are used as numerical values indicating the size will be described as an example.
- Thresholds T 1 indicating the reference size may be a fixed value or may be a variable value. If the threshold T 1 is a fixed value, the value in the data storage unit 100 and is stored, if the threshold T 1 is a variable value, based on the values stored in the data storage unit 100 Will be calculated. In the present embodiment, a case thresholds T 1 is a fixed value. For example, binding limiting unit 104A, by the vertical width and the horizontal width of the circumscribing rectangle to determine whether a respective thresholds T 1 or more, determines whether the magnitude of each contour is beyond.
- the combination restriction unit 104A restricts the combination with the area expanded by the expansion unit 104B described later by filling the area with the background color.
- the background color is a predetermined color designated for the image, for example, the color that occupies the largest proportion in the image.
- the background color is white or black.
- bonding in this embodiment is that a certain area
- connection limiting unit 104A determines that the outline of the balloon line 23A is larger than the reference, and fills the balloon line 23A with the background color. As a result, it is possible to prevent the balloon line 23A and the character group 24A expanded by the expansion unit 104B described later from being combined.
- the connection limiting unit 104A performs (1) binarization inversion processing, (2) contour extraction processing, (3) contour line expansion processing, and (4) expansion contour as described below. By executing the line superimposing process, the balloon line 23A and the like are filled.
- binding limiting unit 104A performs the inversion processing and binarization processing for the page P 21.
- Figure 6 is a diagram showing a page P 21 that is binarized and inverted.
- Ligated restriction unit 104A performs the binarization process on the basis of the pixel value and the threshold value of each pixel of the page P 21 shown in FIG. 3 sets each pixel in white or black.
- the threshold value may be determined by a P tile method or a mode method.
- Ligated restriction unit 104A inverts the pixel value of each pixel is binarized by the white and black pixels the white pixels in the black, the page P 21 shown in FIG. 5, the state shown in FIG. 6 To.
- Various known methods can be applied to the inversion processing itself. For example, the pixel value after inversion is calculated by subtracting the current value of the pixel value from the maximum pixel value of each color (255 for 8-bit gray scale). May be.
- the combination restriction unit 104A executes the contour extraction process on the binarized and inverted page P 21 (FIG. 6), and extracts the contour of the closed region.
- Figure 7 is a diagram showing a contour line extracted from the page P 21 shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the contour line extracted by the coupling restriction unit 104A is indicated by a broken line.
- the outline may be a line having a predetermined thickness (for example, one pixel).
- the color of the outline may be a predetermined color, but is black here. This is because the balloons 23A and 23B in the binarized and inverted page P 21 (FIG. 6) are drawn in white, so that they are painted in black as the background color.
- the contour extraction process itself can be applied to various known contour extraction algorithms. For example, by detecting edges in an image using a differential filter, a Prewitt filter, a Sobel filter, or the like, the contour of each region is detected. May be extracted. Further, the page P 21 shown in FIG. 6, the left temporal and left shoulder of the character 22A is touching the outline of the frame 21A, as shown in FIG. 7, the contour line of the character 22A and coma 21A is a series of ones It has become.
- the combination restriction unit 104A enlarges a contour line having a size larger than the reference among the contour lines extracted by the contour extraction process.
- Ligated restriction unit 104A extracts a circumscribed rectangle of each contour line, so that its size is determined whether a threshold value above T 1.
- the vertical width and the horizontal width of the circumscribed rectangle determining whether a respective thresholds T 1 or more By doing so, it is determined whether or not the size of each contour line is greater than or equal to the reference.
- the connection restriction unit 104A enlarges the outline that is larger than the reference. Enlarging the contour line means making the contour line thicker.
- the degree of enlargement of the contour line (the number of pixels that thicken the line) may be a fixed value or a variable value. When the value is a fixed value, the value is stored in the data storage unit 100. When the value is a variable value, the value is calculated based on the numerical value stored in the data storage unit 100. For example, the coupling restriction unit 104A may calculate the degree of enlargement of the contour line based on the position of the contour line and the size of the contour line.
- the larger the contour line the higher the probability that the contour line is that of the balloon lines 23A and 23B. Therefore, the degree of enlargement of the contour line may be increased so that the contour line can be more reliably painted.
- the degree of enlargement is a fixed value and the line is thickened by a predetermined pixel will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state of each contour line after enlarging the contour line having a size larger than the reference.
- the outlines of the frames 21A and 21B, the partial outlines of the characters 22A to 22C, the outlines of the balloons 23A and 23B, and the partial outline of the sun 25A are thickened by a predetermined pixel. It has become.
- the connection restriction unit 104A enlarges the contour line
- the nearby contour lines may be combined into one thick contour line.
- the outer peripheral contour lines and the inner peripheral contour lines of the balloon lines 23A and 23B are enlarged, and these are combined with each other to form one thick contour line.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a page P 21 of enlarged outline is superimposed.
- balloon lines 23A and 23B are blacked out by superimposing balloon lines 23A and 23B with an enlarged and thick outline. For this reason, even if the expansion unit 104B expands the character groups 24A and 24B by the processing described later, it is not coupled to the balloons 23A and 23B.
- the balloon lines 23A and 23B can be painted with the background color.
- the method of painting the balloon lines 23A and 23B with the background color is not limited to the method described above.
- the connection limiting unit 104A may select a region (for example, the balloons 23A and 23B) sandwiched between outlines larger than the reference, and perform color inversion processing only for the selected range again. Good.
- the color of the balloon lines 23A and 23B shown in FIG. 6 returns from white to black, so that the balloon lines 23A and 23B can be painted black.
- the coupling restriction unit 104A fills a region that is sandwiched between contour lines having a size larger than the reference and whose contour line interval is less than a certain distance with the background color. Also good. Furthermore, for example, the coupling restriction unit 104A may fill a section where a region sandwiched between contour lines continues for a certain distance or more with a background color.
- the method of preventing the balloon lines 23A and 23B and the character groups 24A and 24B from being combined is not limited to the method of painting the balloon lines 23A and 23B with the background color.
- the combining restriction unit 104A records the position of the area larger than the reference (the position of the pixels constituting the area) in the data storage unit 100, and the area expanded by the expansion unit 104B described later is the pixel. Even if included, the pixel may not be regarded as the same region. In order not to consider the same region, for example, in the labeling process for extracting the same region, the same number may not be assigned.
- the coupling limiting unit 104A may limit the extension unit 104B so as not to expand the region in the direction of the outline larger than the reference. Even in this way, for example, since the character groups 24A and 24B do not expand in the direction of the speech lines 23A and 23B, it is possible to prevent the speech lines 23A and 23B and the character groups 24A and 24B from being combined. Can do.
- Extension 104B extends the each of the plurality of regions in the page P 21.
- extension 104B may be extended all the regions in the page P 21 shown in FIG. 9, the area of the reference size or larger contour ligated restriction portion 104A is extracted without extending, contour You may make it expand the area
- the degree of area expansion may be a fixed value or a variable value.
- the value is stored in the data storage unit 100.
- the value is calculated based on the numerical value stored in the data storage unit 100.
- the expansion unit 104B may calculate the extent of expansion of the area based on the position and size of the area in the image. In this case, the closer the area is to the center of the image, the higher the probability that the area is a character. Therefore, the extent of expansion of the area may be increased so as to be more reliably combined with other characters.
- FIG. 10 and 11 are explanatory diagrams of processing contents of the extension unit 104B.
- the extension unit 104B extends “H” by a predetermined pixel.
- the extension unit 104B fills pixels within a predetermined distance from “H” (that is, pixels around “H”) with white.
- the extension unit 104B extends the characters other than “H” in “HELLO! HOW ARE YOU?” In the character group 24A by a predetermined number of pixels as in “H”.
- the extension unit 104B expands each character of the character group 24A, as shown in FIG. 11, the characters of the character group 24A can be combined to make the character group 24A one area.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a state after the area is expanded by the expansion unit 104B.
- the areas of the characters included in the character groups 24A and 24B are expanded and joined together to form one area.
- each region of the tableware 25B and the left eye / nose / mouth of the character 22C are expanded and coupled to each other. Other areas were expanded but not joined because there was no other area nearby.
- the determination restriction unit 104C restricts the region from being determined by the post-operation character determination unit 106. To do. In the description of the determination restriction unit 104C, the case where the size of the contour is used will be described as in the case of the combination restriction unit 104A.
- Threshold T 2 showing the above criteria may be less than the threshold value T 1.
- the threshold value T 2 is may be a fixed value, the point may be a variable value is the same as the threshold value T 1.
- determining limiting unit 104C by the vertical width and the horizontal width of the circumscribing rectangle to determine whether a respective threshold T 2 or more, expansion It is determined whether or not the contour of the area expanded by the unit 104B is less than the reference.
- the determination limiting unit 104C sets the area as a determination target of the post-operation character determination unit 106 by filling the area with a background color.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a state after a region having a contour size less than the reference is filled with a background color. For example, because the outline of a part of the sun 25A, such as the eyes, nose, and mouth of the characters 22A and 22C, is smaller than the reference, the determination limiting unit 104C paints them in black as shown in FIG. Yes.
- the determination limiting unit 104C records the position of the area having a size smaller than the reference in the data storage unit 100, and does not execute the determination process by the post-operation character determination unit 106 even if the user designates the area. It may be.
- the page related data generation unit 104 records page related data indicating character area candidates in the data storage unit 100 based on the page P 21 subjected to image processing as described above.
- the closed region of white pixels in the page P 21 (FIG. 13) after the processing by the determination limiting unit 104C is performed becomes a character region candidate.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a character area candidate.
- Page-related data generating unit 104 by executing the contour extraction processing for the page P 21 shown in FIG. 13, extracts the contour of the area of white pixels (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 14).
- the contour extraction process itself may be the same as the process performed by the connection restriction unit 104A.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 extracts the outline of the closed region, no outline is extracted for the character 22A shown in FIG.
- the page related data generation unit 104 records data indicating the position of the extracted contour line in the data storage unit 100 as page related data.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 performs a labeling process on the page P 21 shown in FIG. 13 and records data for identifying character region candidates by assigning the same number to pixels in which white pixels are continuous. You may make it do.
- the designation operation accepting unit 105 accepts a character region candidate designation operation when the page P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14.
- Designation operation may be any operation for designating an area in the page P 21, for example, it is an operation that specifies the position in the page P 21.
- an operation for designating a position in the display screen of the display unit 14 by the operation unit 13 corresponds to a designation operation.
- the area including the position designated by the operation unit 13 is designated by the designation operation.
- the designation operation can be said to be an operation for designating any one of the character area candidates.
- the post-operation character determining unit 106 determines whether or not a character is included in the character region candidate specified by the specifying operation after the specifying operation is received by the specifying operation receiving unit 105. In this embodiment, the post-operation character determination unit 106 performs the determination process using the page P 21 in the state illustrated in FIG. 4, but a character determination method according to the state of the image to be used. If the change is made, the page P 21 in the state shown in FIGS. 6 and 9 may be used.
- the character pattern learning data is stored in the data storage unit 100, and the post-operation character determination unit 106 compares the character region candidate with the character pattern indicated by the learning data, so that the character region candidate is included in the character region candidate. Determine whether a character is included.
- the learning data a plurality of determination items are defined. For example, character determination is performed using the following determination items.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of character determination processing using learning data.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines whether the overall size of the character area candidate is equal to or greater than a reference.
- the size of the character region candidate the size of the circumscribed rectangle may be used, or the number of pixels of the character region candidate may be counted.
- the threshold value T 3 indicating this reference may be the same as or different from the threshold values T 1 and T 2 .
- the threshold T 3 is similar to the threshold value T 1, T 2, may be a fixed value or may be a variable value.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines that the area is a character area when the size of the circumscribed rectangle is greater than or equal to the reference.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines whether or not the number of white pixels in each line is equal to or greater than a reference number.
- This reference number may be a fixed value or a variable value.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines that the character region is a character region when the number of white pixels is equal to or greater than the reference number.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 scans the pixels of each line from the end, counts the number of inverted white pixels and black pixels, and determines whether the count number is equal to or greater than the reference number. Determine whether.
- This reference number may also be a fixed value or a variable value.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines that the character area is the count number when the count number is equal to or greater than the reference number.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 scans the pixels of each line from the end, and determines whether or not the position where the white pixel is first found is a predetermined position. For example, the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines a character region if the position where the white pixel is first found is within the reference distance from the end. As a fifth determination item, the post-operation character determination unit 106 scans the pixels of each line from the end, and determines whether or not the position where the white pixel is finally found is a predetermined position. For example, the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines that the character region is the last position where the white pixel was found within the reference distance from the end.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines that the character region candidate is a character region when it is determined that all of the first determination item to the fifth determination item defined in the learning pattern are character regions. Alternatively, when a predetermined number or more (for example, three or more) determination items are determined to be character areas, the character area candidates may be determined to be character areas.
- the method for determining whether or not a character area candidate includes a character is not limited to the method described above, and various known methods can be applied.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 determines whether or not a character is included in the character region candidate by comparing the character shape pattern and the character region candidate and calculating the degree of similarity between them. Also good.
- a supervised machine learning method (SVM: Support Vector Vector Machine) may be used to determine whether or not a character is included in a character region candidate.
- SVM Support Vector Vector Machine
- learning data is prepared, and when a plurality of items are input as parameters to the determination algorithm, the determination algorithm uses the input parameters and learning data to determine whether the character area candidate is a character area. I can get some output.
- the character region can be specified more reliably.
- the display control unit 103 enlarges the character region candidate determined to include a character by the post-operation character determination unit 106 and causes the display unit 14 to display the enlarged character region candidate.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a state in which the character group 24A is enlarged and displayed. As shown in FIG. 16, when the user designates a character area candidate corresponding to the character group 24A, the character determination process is performed by the post-operation character determination unit 106, so that the display control unit 103 The enlarged image 26 cut out from the region candidate is displayed. In the example of FIG. 16, the display control unit 103 cuts out and enlarges the character area candidate of the page P 21 shown in FIG. 9, so that the enlarged image 26 displays characters with the colors reversed. Yes.
- the display control unit 103 may be displayed is enlarged by cutting out the character region candidates of the page P 21 shown in FIG.
- the character color in the enlarged image 26 is not reversed.
- the range to be cut out in the enlarged image 26 is not limited to a rectangle as shown in FIG. 16, and may be an arbitrary shape such as an ellipse.
- the display position of the enlarged image 26 may be determined at random, or may be determined based on a position designated by the user.
- the enlargement ratio of characters in the enlarged image 26 may be determined based on the size of the character area candidate, or may be a predetermined enlargement ratio.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing executed in the electronic book display device 1.
- the process illustrated in FIG. 17 is executed by the control unit 10 operating according to a program stored in the storage unit 11.
- the functional blocks shown in FIG. 2 are realized by executing the processing described below. For example, when the user instructs to start the program using the operation unit 13, the following processing is executed.
- the control unit 10 activates a program stored in the storage unit 11 (S1), and specifies an electronic book designated by the user based on an input from the operation unit 13 (S2).
- the program activated in S1 is an electronic book reader application.
- the control unit 10 causes the display unit 14 to display a list of electronic books whose image data is stored in the storage unit 11, and in S2, the control unit 10 displays the electronic book designated by the user from the list. Will be specified.
- the control unit 10 refers to the storage unit 11 and acquires electronic book data designated by the user (S3). It is assumed that the storage unit 11 stores electronic book identification information held by the user and electronic book data in association with each other.
- Control unit 10 based on the electronic book data acquired at S3, executes processing for generating a page-related data of the first page P 1 of the electronic book (S4).
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of the page related data generation processing. As illustrated in FIG. 18, the control unit 10 performs binarization processing and inversion processing on the page PN that is the generation target of the page-related data (S40). In S ⁇ b> 40, the control unit 10 generates data of the page P N (FIG. 6) that has been binarized and inverted, and records the data in the storage unit 11.
- Control unit 10 to the inside page P N generated in S40, the execution of the outline extraction process (S41).
- the control unit 10 the contour lines in the page P N generates data indicating a (FIG. 7) is recorded in the storage unit 11.
- the control unit 10 enlarges the contour line having a size larger than the reference among the contour lines extracted in S41 (S42). In S ⁇ b> 42, the control unit 10 generates data indicating the enlarged contour line (FIG. 7) and records it in the storage unit 11. The control unit 10 may update the contour data recorded in the storage unit 11 in S41, instead of newly generating this data.
- Control unit 10 the page P N generated in S40, superposing enlarged contour in S42 (S43).
- the control unit 10 In S ⁇ b> 43, the control unit 10 generates data indicating the page P N after superimposition (FIG. 9) and records it in the storage unit 11.
- the control unit 10, the data rather than to generate a new, may be updated data of the recorded page P N in the storage unit 11 in S41.
- Control unit 10 to expand the area of the page P N overlapped with the contour line at S43 (S44).
- the control unit 10 generates data indicating the expanded page P N (FIG. 12) and records it in the storage unit 11.
- the control unit 10, the data rather than newly generated, may be updated data of the recorded page P N in the storage unit 11 S41: or S43.
- Control unit 10 among the areas of the page P N that extends in S44, to remove the size of the region is less than the reference (S45).
- the control unit 10 records data indicating the page P N (FIG. 13) after removing an area having a size less than the reference in the storage unit 11.
- the control unit 10, instead of newly generate this data, S41, S43, or S44 in may update the data of the page P N recorded in the storage unit 11.
- Control unit 10 for the page P N which region is removed by S45 executes outline extraction process (S46).
- the processing content of S46 is the same as that of S41, and the contour extracted in S46 is the contour of the character region candidate.
- the control unit 10 generates the data indicating the contour in the page P N which region is removed by S45 (FIG. 14), and records in the storage unit 11 as page-related data of the page P N.
- Control unit 10 causes the display unit 14 to display the first page P 1 (S5), and generates the next page-related data of the page P 2 pages P 1 displayed on the display unit 14 (S6).
- the control unit 10 executes the processing of S40 ⁇ S46 of FIG. 18 for the page P 2, will be recorded in the storage unit 11 to generate a page associated data page P 2.
- the control unit 10 receives an input from the operation unit 13 (S7).
- the control unit 10 determines whether or not a character is included in the designated character region candidate (S8).
- the control unit 10 determines whether or not a character is included in the character region candidate based on the learning data and the pixel value in the character region candidate.
- the control unit 10 When it is determined that a character is included in the character area candidate (S8; Y), the control unit 10 enlarges and displays the character area candidate designated by the designation operation (S9). In S9, the control unit 10 cuts out the interior of the character region candidates from the page P N being displayed is enlarged and displayed on the display unit 14.
- the control unit 10 displays the next page PN + 1 on the display unit 14 (S10), and returns to S6.
- the information indicating the page P N in the display is assumed to be stored in the storage unit 11.
- the control unit 10 executes the generation processing of the page related data for the next page PN + 2 . Become.
- the process ends.
- various data such as page-related data recorded in the storage unit 11 may be discarded at the end of this process, or may be discarded when the corresponding page is no longer displayed from the display unit 14.
- the page may be discarded.
- the page-related data is not stored in the storage unit 11 in advance separately from the electronic book data, but the application of the electronic book reader is activated and the page PN is displayed on the display unit. 14, since page related data is generated for the next page PN, there is no need to always hold page related data, and the page related data is used while suppressing the memory usage of the storage unit 11. Can be possible.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 since the page-related data generation unit 104 generates and records character area candidates as page-related data, it does not execute the character determination but only performs the extraction of the character area candidates. It is possible to generate page-related data and execute character determination while reducing the processing load. Moreover, by enlarging and displaying using the character determination result, it is possible to make it easy to see the area determined to be a character.
- the hardware configuration of the electronic book display device 1 of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment will be omitted, and parts different from those in the first embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 19 is a functional block diagram of the second embodiment.
- the character determination is completed before the page PN is displayed, and thus the electronic book display device 1 does not include the post-operation character determination unit 106 as shown in FIG.
- the display control unit 103 displays the page P 20 on the display unit 14, before the next page P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14.
- the page related data generation unit 104 generates the page related data of the page P 21 will be described as an example.
- Page-related data generating unit 104 of the second embodiment before the page P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14, and records the generated as page-related data by extracting character areas in the page P 21.
- the character area is a portion of the image determined as a character by the character determination process.
- OCR optical character recognition
- the data storage unit 100 stores template data used for optical character recognition.
- the template data defines a basic shape of characters that can be expressed by a character code.
- the page related data generation unit 104 extracts a character area from the page P 21 by comparing each area of the page P 21 with the template data.
- the page related data generation unit 104 performs pattern matching between each region of the page P 21 and the basic shape defined in the template data.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 calculates the similarity between the contour of each region of the page P21 or the shape of the region itself and the contour of each character defined in the template data or the shape of the character itself.
- the page related data generation unit 104 determines that an area having a similarity equal to or higher than a reference is a character.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the result of optical character recognition.
- the example shown in FIG. 20 represents the result of optical character recognition of the page P21 shown in FIG.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 recognizes “H” “E” “L” “L” “O” “!” “H” “O” “W” “A” “R” of the character group 24A by optical character recognition.
- Each of “E”, “Y”, “O”, “U”, and “?” Is determined as a character.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 selects “F”, “I”, “N”, “E”, “!”, “T”, “H”, “A”, “N”, “K”, “Y”, “O” of the character group 24B. “U” and “!” Are determined as characters.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 may extract each of these characters as a separate character region (that is, it may be extracted as one character region per character), but in Embodiment 2, the distance is short. A case will be described in which characters are grouped and extracted as one character region.
- Page-related data generating unit 104 calculates the distance of each region between identified character (the distance in the screen coordinate system), and the reference distance L 1 within the same group of characters with each other. For example, the page-related data generation unit 104 calculates the distance between “H” and “E” of “HELLO!”, Which is a part of the character group 24A, and determines whether or not the mutual distance is within the reference distance L 1 . Determine. Here, since within the reference distance L 1, determines "H” and "E” in the same group is granted “H” and the group number "No. 1" in each of the "E".
- the page related data generation unit 104 records page related data indicating the character area extracted as described above in the data storage unit 100.
- the group number and the position of the region belonging to the group number are associated with the page related data.
- the designation operation accepting unit 105 accepts a character region candidate designation operation. However, the designation operation accepting unit 105 according to the second embodiment accepts a character when the page P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14. An area designation operation is accepted. For example, a character area including the position designated by the operation unit 13 is designated by the designation operation.
- the display control unit 103 when the designation operation is accepted by the designation operation accepting unit 105, the display control unit 103 according to the second embodiment enlarges the character area designated by the designation operation and causes the display unit 14 to display the enlarged character area. For example, the display control unit 103 cuts out each character to which the group number of the character region designated by the designation operation is given and displays it as the enlarged image 26. The manner in which the enlarged image 26 is displayed is the same as in FIG. 16 described in the first embodiment. The color of each character of the enlarged image 26 may be reversed, or may be displayed as it is without being reversed, as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 21, S21 to S23 are the same as S1 to S3. S24, it is a point of generating the page-related data of the first page P 1 is the same as S4, page-related data, illustrate embodiments 1, character area candidate, exhibits a character region in the embodiment 2, S24 The processing content of is different from S4.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of page related data generation processing according to the second embodiment.
- the control unit 10 executes outline extraction process for the page P N (S240).
- the contour extraction process itself is the same as S41.
- Control unit 10 records in the storage unit 11 and generates data indicating the contour in the page P N.
- the contour extraction process in S240 is for extracting a region in the page PN , and the region may be extracted by a method other than the contour extraction.
- the control unit 10 determines whether or not the region is a character based on each region from which the contour is extracted in S240 and the template stored in the storage unit 11 (S241). In S241, the control unit 10 calculates the degree of similarity between each other and determines whether or not it is equal to or higher than the reference. The control unit 10 records in the storage unit 11 data indicating an area that has a similarity higher than the reference.
- the control unit 10 calculates the distance between the areas determined as characters in S241 and groups the areas (S242). In S242, the control unit 10 calculates the distance in the screen coordinate system of each region recorded in S241, given the same group number to the reference distance L 1 within become area.
- the control unit 10 extracts a character area based on the area grouped in S242 (S243).
- the control unit 10 generates data indicating the group number and the region to which the group number is assigned, and records the data in the storage unit 11 as page related data.
- S25 to S27 are the same as S5, S24, and S7, respectively.
- S26 the processing of S240 ⁇ S243 for the page P 2 is executed, so that the character area of the page P 2 is extracted.
- the specifying operation of the second embodiment is not an operation of specifying a character area candidate as in the first embodiment, but an operation of specifying a character area.
- the process of S8 is not executed.
- the control unit 10 When it is determined that the user has performed a character region designation operation (S27; designation operation), the control unit 10 enlarges and displays the character region designated by the designation operation (S28). In S28, the control unit 10 cuts out a character area from the page P N being displayed is enlarged and displayed on the display unit 14. Note that S29 is the same as S10, and the control unit 10 displays the next page PN + 1 on the display unit 14 in response to the page turning operation, and returns to S26. In this case, in S26, since the display portion 14 are displayed a page P N + 1, the processing for the next page P N + 2 S240 ⁇ S243 is performed, the character area of the page P N + 2 are extracted Will be.
- the page related data is not stored in the storage unit 11 in advance separately from the electronic book data, but the application of the electronic book reader is activated and the page PN is displayed on the display unit 14. since the next page P N to generate pages related data when displayed, it is not necessary to always hold the pages related data, while suppressing the memory usage of the storage unit 11, making available a page associated data Can do. Further, the character determination is not performed after the designation operation as in the first embodiment, and the extraction of the character area is completed in advance, so that the time from the designation operation to the enlarged display can be shortened. it can.
- FIG. 23 is a functional block diagram of Modification Example (1).
- a pre-operation character determination unit 107 and a size determination unit 108 are realized in addition to the functions of the first embodiment. These functions are realized mainly by the control unit 10.
- the page related data generation unit 104 generates page related data of the page P 21 will be described as an example.
- the pre-operation character determination unit 107 is realized.
- the pre-operation character determination unit 107 executes a first character determination process on the character area candidate before the specification operation is received by the specification operation reception unit 105.
- Various character determination processes can be applied as the first character determination process, but the accuracy is lower than the second character determination process described later.
- the low accuracy means the accuracy of detecting characters.
- the first character determination process is simpler than the second character determination process, and the time until the process is completed is shorter than that of the second character determination process. There are fewer determination items in the first character determination process than in the second character determination process. For example, in the first character determination process, only the shape of the contour is determined, and in the second character determination process, the shape and other elements (for example, the positional relationship between the surrounding area and the pattern of white pixels and black pixels) ) May be determined.
- the second character determination process executes all of the first determination item to the fifth determination item described in the first embodiment, and the first character determination process performs only the first determination item. Shall. In the first character determination process, only the second determination item to the fifth determination item may be performed instead of the first determination item, or the first determination item to the fifth determination item may be performed.
- the determination process may be executed for any two or more and four or less determination items.
- the character 22B, the sun 25A, and the tableware 25B are extracted as the character area candidates in addition to the character groups 24A and 24B.
- the character determination process it is determined that characters are not included in the relatively small sun 25A and tableware 25B. Therefore, before the page P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14, the character area candidate that can be the subject of the second character determination processing, character group 24A, and 24B, it is narrowed down to the character 22B.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 performs a second operation with higher accuracy than the first character determination process when a character region candidate determined to include a character by the pre-operation character determination unit 107 is specified by a specifying operation. Perform character determination processing.
- the second character determination process may be the same as that described in the first embodiment.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 performs the second character determination for the character region candidate even if the character region candidate determined not to include the character by the pre-operation character determination unit 107 is specified by the specifying operation. The process will not be executed.
- the character region candidate determined not to include the character by the pre-operation character determination unit 107 may be excluded from the determination target of the post-operation character determination unit 106, and the designation operation reception unit 105 may select the character region candidate.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 may not simply execute the second character determination process. Good.
- character area candidates can be narrowed down in advance by performing a relatively simple first character determination process in advance.
- the memory capacity can be effectively utilized by discarding page-related data indicating character area candidates determined not to include characters by the first character determination processing.
- by narrowing down the character area candidates it is not necessary to execute the detailed second character determination process on the character area candidates determined not to be characters by the first character determination process.
- the processing load on the apparatus 1 can be reduced.
- Page-related data generating unit 104 when the number of the character region candidates in a page P 21 is less than the reference, and generates a page associated data character region candidates of the next page P 22 on page P 21 further extracted It may be recorded.
- Threshold T 4 showing this criterion may be a fixed value or may be a variable value.
- Page-related data generating unit 104 counts the number of the character region candidates extracted for the page P 21, determines whether the threshold value T 4 or higher. When the page-related data generation unit 104 determines that the number of character area candidates for the page P 21 is equal to or greater than the threshold T 4 , the page-related data generation unit 104 continues to display the character area for the page P 22 while the page P 20 is displayed on the display unit 14 Candidates are not extracted yet. In this case, the character region candidates of the page P 22 will be extracted if the page P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 determines that the number of character area candidates for the page P 21 is less than the threshold T 4 , the page P 20 is displayed on the display unit 14 (page even before the P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14 also), extracts character region candidates of the page P 22.
- the extraction method of the character region candidate itself is the same as the method described in the first embodiment.
- a variant (1-2) when the number of the character region candidates of the page P 21 is small, since generating a page relevant data for the next page P 22, the user page P 21 only even to display the page P 22 read at a time, when the page P 22 is displayed on the display unit 14 can finish the generation of the page-related data. As a result, the user can be designated operations on page P 22, generation of the page-related data is not completed, to prevent such enlarged display is not in time.
- the determination restriction unit 104C removes a small area in advance so that it is not subject to character determination by the post-operation character determination unit 106.
- 104C may be omitted, and the page-related data generation unit 104 may extract even a small area as a character area candidate.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 may determine the size of the character region candidate, and if the character region candidate is small, the page-related data generation unit 104 may be excluded from the character determination by the post-operation character determination unit 106.
- the size determination unit 108 is realized.
- the size determination unit 108 determines whether the outline of the character region candidate or the size of the character region candidate itself is greater than or equal to the reference. This criterion may be the same as the threshold value T 2 the determination limit portion 104C of the embodiment 1 was used.
- the determination method of the size determination unit 108 is the same as the determination method by the determination restriction unit 104C of the first embodiment.
- the post-operation character determination unit 106 does not set the character area candidate determined to be smaller than the reference by the size determination unit 108 as a determination target, and sets the character region candidate determined to be larger than the reference by the size determination unit 108 as a character. Whether or not is included is determined. That is, the post-operation character determination unit 106 restricts a character area candidate determined to be smaller than the reference size from being a character determination target. This limiting method may be the same as the determination limiting unit 104C described in the first embodiment. That is, the post-operation character determination unit 106 may fill the character region candidate with the background color when the size of the contour of the character region candidate is less than the reference.
- a character area candidate having a size smaller than the reference is not subjected to character determination, and thus character determination is prevented from being performed on an area having a low probability of being a character area.
- the processing load of the electronic book display device 1 can be reduced.
- the memory capacity can be effectively utilized by discarding page-related data indicating a character region candidate having a size smaller than the reference.
- the users may read sequentially toward the bottom of the page P 21 from near the top, before the page P 21 is displayed on the display unit 14, not the entire page P 21, Near the top of the page P 21 alone (i.e., user reads first part only), it may be extracted character region candidates.
- the page related data generation unit 104 of this modification includes at least one of a first extraction unit 104D and a second extraction unit 104E.
- the first extraction unit 104D, the lower area of the page P 21 extracts the character region candidates in the upper region without extracting any character region candidates.
- Figure 24 is an explanatory view of an upper and lower regions of the page P 21.
- the characters 22A and the like on the page P21 are omitted.
- the first extraction unit 104D extracts character area candidates only for the upper area P 21U , not the entire page P 21 .
- the extraction method of character area candidates may be the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the second extraction unit 104E is the reading order of each of the character areas in the page P 21, extracts character region candidates until the reference number.
- the reading order of the text area a reading order of each character area in the case where a plurality of character regions in the page P 21 is scattered. For example, if the character is written horizontally, the one nearer to the upper left is the faster order, and if the character is written vertically, the closer to the upper right is the earlier order.
- FIG. 25 is an order of the illustration reading in the page P 21.
- the page P 21 includes three frames 21A to 21C.
- the frame 21A includes characters 22A and 22B, balloon lines 23A and 23B, and character groups 24A and 24B.
- the frame 21B includes a character 22C, a balloon line 23C, and a character group 24C.
- the frame 21C includes a character 22D, a balloon line 23D, and a character group 24D.
- there are four character group 24A ⁇ 24D since here the character is written horizontally, these reading order becomes forward close to the origin O S is the top left corner of the page P 21, the character group 24A ⁇ 24B ⁇ 24C ⁇ 24D.
- the reference number of two and to a second extraction unit 104E is the reading order of each of the character areas in the page P 21, it is to be extracted to the character region candidates corresponding to the character group 24A ⁇ 24B.
- the second extraction unit 104E does not extract subsequent character area candidates until a predetermined timing arrives.
- page P 21 is the user is likely to read earlier high upper region P 21U and reading order when displayed on the display unit 14 with respect to the previous section because it generates the relevant data, the user can be designated operations on page P 22, generation of the page-related data is not completed, to prevent such enlarged display is not in time.
- FIG. 26 is a functional block diagram of Modification (2). As shown in FIG. 26, in addition to the functions of the second embodiment, a character area candidate extraction unit 104F and a size determination unit 104G are realized. In the second modification, as in the second embodiment, the case where the page related data generation unit 104 generates page related data of the page P 21 will be described as an example.
- the character area candidate extraction unit 104F has the same function as the page related data generation unit 104 described in the first embodiment. Character area candidate extracting unit 104F will be extracted character region candidates shown in FIG. 14 from page P 21 in the state shown in FIG.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 extracts a character area by determining whether or not a character is included in the character area candidate. This determination method may be the same as the post-operation character determination unit 106 described in the first embodiment.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 performs a second character determination process with higher accuracy than the first character determination process on the character area candidate determined to include a character by the first character determination process. By doing so, a character area is extracted.
- the second character determination process is the same as in Modification (1-1).
- character area candidates can be narrowed down in advance by performing a relatively simple first character determination process in advance.
- the memory capacity can be effectively utilized by discarding page-related data indicating character area candidates determined not to include characters by the first character determination processing.
- by narrowing down the character area candidates it is not necessary to execute the detailed second character determination process on the character area candidates determined not to be characters by the first character determination process.
- the processing load on the apparatus 1 can be reduced.
- the size determination unit 104G is realized.
- the function of the size determining unit 104G is the same as that of the size determining unit 108 of the modified example (1-3).
- the page-related data generation unit 104 does not consider the character area candidate determined to be smaller than the reference size by the size determination unit 104G, and sets the character region candidate determined to be larger than the reference size by the size determination unit 104G.
- the character area is extracted by determining whether or not the character is included.
- the processing content itself may be the same as the post-operation character determination unit 106 of the modification example (1-3) and the determination restriction unit 104C of the first embodiment.
- a character area candidate having a size less than the reference is not subjected to character determination, so that character determination is prevented from being performed on an area having a low probability of being a character area.
- the processing load of the electronic book display device 1 can be reduced.
- the memory capacity can be effectively utilized by discarding page-related data indicating a character region candidate having a size smaller than the reference.
- the page related data generation unit 104 further extracts a character area in the page P 22 next to the page P 21 and generates it as page related data. And may be recorded.
- the character area candidate of the page P 22 is extracted
- the character area of the page P 22 is extracted, but the other points are modified examples ( Same as 1-2).
- the character area may be extracted only in the upper area of the page P 21 as in the modification (1-4).
- the page related data generation unit 104 of the modification (2-5) includes at least one of the first extraction unit 104D and the second extraction unit 104E.
- the first extraction unit 104D extracts the character region in the upper region P 21U without extracting the character region from the lower region P 21D of the page P 21 .
- the first extraction unit 104D sets only the upper region P 21U as a character region extraction target.
- the meanings of the upper region P 21U and the lower region P 21D are as described in the modification (1-4).
- the second extraction unit 104E is the reading order of each of the character areas in the page P 21, extracts a character area until the reference number. The meaning of the reading order is as described in the modification example (1-4).
- the reference number of two and to a second extraction unit 104E is the reading order of each of the character areas in the page P 21, it is to be extracted until a character region corresponding to the character group 24A ⁇ 24B.
- the second extraction unit 104E does not extract the subsequent character area until a predetermined timing arrives.
- page P 21 is the user is likely to read earlier high upper region P 21U and reading order when displayed on the display unit 14 with respect to the previous section because it generates the relevant data, the user can be designated operations on page P 22, generation of the page-related data is not completed, to prevent such enlarged display is not in time.
- FIG. 27 is a functional block diagram of Modification (3). As shown in FIG. 27, in addition to the functions of the first embodiment, at least one of a history data acquisition unit 109, a page data acquisition unit 110, an age acquisition unit 111, and a size acquisition unit 112 is realized. These functions are realized mainly by the control unit 10. In the modification example (3), the case where the page related data generation unit 104 generates the page related data of the page P 21 will be described as an example, as in the first embodiment.
- the history data acquisition unit 109 acquires history data stored in the data storage unit 100 that stores history data related to the history of the specified operation by the user of the electronic book display device 1.
- the history data may indicate the number of specified operations in all past periods, or may indicate the number of specified operations in a certain period. Furthermore, the history data may indicate the number of pages on which the designation operation has been performed. For example, when the designated operation accepting unit 105 accepts the designated operation, the history data is updated.
- the page related data generation unit 104 of this modification includes a frequency determination unit 104H.
- the frequency determination unit 104H determines whether or not the frequency of the designated operation by the user is equal to or higher than a reference based on the history data. For example, the frequency determination unit 104H may determine whether or not the number of specified operations in all past periods is greater than or equal to a reference, and determines whether or not the number of specified operations in a certain period is greater than or equal to the reference. May be. In addition, for example, the frequency determination unit 104H determines whether or not the difference between the number of currently displayed pages and the number of the most recent pages designated by the user is greater than or equal to the reference number (ie, more than or equal to the reference page number). It may be determined whether or not a designation operation has been performed.
- the page related data generation unit 104 generates and records page related data when it is determined by the frequency determination unit 104H that it is above the reference. That is, the page-related data generation unit 104 does not generate page-related data when the frequency determination unit 104H determines that it is less than the reference.
- the necessity of generating the page related data is determined with reference to the frequency of the designated operation by the user, so that it is possible to perform processing according to the user tendency. That is, for users who do not need to enlarge the display, page-related data does not have to be generated in advance. For such users, memory capacity is effectively utilized by not generating page-related data. In addition, the processing load of the electronic book display device 1 can be reduced.
- the page data acquisition unit 110 is realized.
- the page data acquisition unit 110 acquires page data stored in the data storage unit 100 that stores page data related to a page for which a designation operation has been performed by the user of the electronic book display device 1.
- the page data stores the number of pages on which the user has performed a specified operation.
- the designated operation accepting unit 105 updates the page data when accepting the designated operation.
- the page related data generation unit 104 includes a past determination unit 104I.
- Past determination unit 104I based on the page data, determines whether the specified operation in the past for the page P 21 by the user is performed.
- Past determination unit 104I refers to the page data, it is judged whether the specified operation in the past with respect to the next page P 21 of the currently displayed portion 14 page P 20 displayed on is performed.
- the page related data generation unit 104 generates and records page related data when it is determined by the past determination unit 104I that the designation operation has been performed. That is, the page related data generation unit 104 does not generate page related data when it is not determined by the past determination unit 104I that the designation operation has been performed.
- page-related data it is determined whether or not it is necessary to generate page-related data by referring to the presence / absence of the designation operation for each page by the user, so that it is possible to perform processing according to the user's tendency.
- page-related data does not have to be generated in advance for pages that do not need to be enlarged, so memory capacity can be increased by not generating page-related data for such pages.
- the processing load of the electronic book display device 1 can be reduced.
- a user has a high probability of displaying an enlarged page displayed by another user who has read the same electronic book. For this reason, it is possible to record a page that has been enlarged and displayed by another user, generate page related data for the page, and not generate page related data for the other page.
- the page data acquisition unit 110 is realized.
- the page data acquisition unit 110 acquires page data stored in a server computer that stores page data related to a page that has been designated by a user other than the user of the electronic book display device 1.
- the page data acquisition unit 110 acquires page data via a network.
- the server computer manages the electronic book, and when the user who downloaded the electronic book performs a designation operation, the page PN for which the designation operation is performed from the electronic book display device 1 of the user to the server computer.
- the indicated data is transmitted.
- the server computer receives the data, the server computer updates the page data stored in the database.
- the past determination unit 104I determines, based on the page data, whether or not a designation operation has been performed in the past on at least one page by another user. This determination method is the same as that of the modified example (3-2).
- the page related data generation unit 104 generates and records page related data when the past determination unit 104I determines that a designation operation has been performed. That is, the page related data generation unit 104 does not generate page related data when it is not determined by the past determination unit 104I that the designation operation has been performed.
- whether or not to generate the page related data is determined by referring to the presence / absence of the designation operation for each page by another user. It can be performed. That is, it is unlikely that the user of the electronic book display apparatus 1 will perform a designation operation for a page that other users feel is not required to be enlarged, and the page-related data need not be generated in advance. Therefore, by not generating page related data for such a page, the memory capacity can be effectively used and the processing load of the electronic book display device 1 can be reduced.
- the age acquisition unit 111 acquires age information related to the age of the user of the electronic book display device 1.
- age information may be stored in the data storage unit 100.
- the age acquisition unit 111 acquires age information from the data storage unit 100.
- the age information may be information that can specify the age of the user, and is, for example, a numerical value indicating the user's age or a numerical value indicating the date of birth.
- the age acquisition unit 111 may obtain the age of the user by calculation. For example, the average age of a user profile that describes the number of years of publication of an electronic book or a review of the electronic book may be acquired from a server computer to estimate the age.
- the page related data generation unit 104 includes an age determination unit 104J.
- the age determination unit 104J determines whether or not the user's age is equal to or higher than a reference based on the age information. It is assumed that this reference age is stored in the data storage unit 100.
- the reference age may be a fixed value or a variable value.
- the page-related data generation unit 104 generates and records page-related data when it is determined by the age determination unit 104J to be equal to or higher than the reference. That is, the page related data generation unit 104 does not generate page related data when the age determination unit 104J determines that the value is less than the reference.
- the necessity of generating page-related data is determined with reference to the user's age, and therefore processing according to the user's tendency can be performed. That is, since it is not necessary to generate page related data in advance for a relatively young user who does not need to perform enlarged display, in such a user, by not generating page related data, The memory capacity can be effectively used and the processing load of the electronic book display device 1 can be reduced.
- the size acquisition unit 112 is realized.
- the size acquisition unit 112 acquires size information regarding the screen size of the display unit 14.
- size information may be stored in the data storage unit 100.
- the size information indicates, for example, the number of inches of the display unit 14.
- the page related data generation unit 104 includes a size determination unit 104K.
- the size determination unit 104K determines whether or not the screen size of the display unit 14 is less than the reference based on the size information.
- This reference size is assumed to be stored in the data storage unit 100.
- the reference size may be a fixed value or a variable value.
- the page related data generation unit 104 generates and records page related data when the size determination unit 104K determines that it is less than the reference. That is, the page-related data generation unit 104 does not generate page-related data when the size determination unit 104K determines that it is greater than or equal to the reference.
- the necessity of generating page-related data is determined with reference to the screen size of the display unit 14, and therefore processing according to the display unit 14 can be performed. That is, in the case of the display unit 14 having a large screen size and a low necessity for enlarged display, the page-related data does not have to be generated in advance. Therefore, in such a display unit 14, the page-related data is not generated. Thus, the memory capacity can be effectively utilized and the processing load of the electronic book display device 1 can be reduced.
- a method for extracting a character region candidate is not particularly limited as long as it can extract a possible character region, and various known methods can be applied.
- an area having a certain size may be extracted as a character area candidate.
- various known methods can be applied to the character determination method itself.
- Page related data may also be generated for page PN + 2 , and the range of the number of pages for generating page related data is not limited to this.
- page related data may be generated for the page PN-1 before the page PN displayed on the display unit 14. Whether page-related data is generated for the previous page P N-1 or page-related data is generated for the next page P N + 1 is determined depending on whether or not the page is returned by a page feed operation. May be. That is, it may be determined whether to generate the page related data of the previous page P N ⁇ 1 or the page related data of the subsequent page P N + 1 based on the page feed direction.
- the number of pages for generating page-related data may be determined according to the memory capacity or the remaining memory capacity of the electronic book display device 1.
- the page-related data may be generated for more pages as the memory capacity or the remaining memory capacity of the electronic book display device 1 is larger.
- the number of pages for generating page-related data may be determined according to the page feed speed.
- the page-related data may be generated for many pages as the page feed speed increases. Note that the page feed speed may be calculated based on the time interval at which the user performs the page feed operation.
- the reading time for each page P N it may be determined the number of pages to generate page-related data in accordance with the reading time by the calculation. For example, the page-related data may be generated for many pages as the reading time is shorter. The reading time may be calculated based on the number of contours, the area of the region, and the like.
- the display control unit 103 displays a certain page on the display unit 14 for a certain period of time, the display control unit 103 switches to the next page.
- the characters drawn on each frame 21 may represent not only the words uttered by the characters but also the emotions of the characters and the sound effects of the comics. Even such a character can be recognized as a lump by expanding the area by the extension unit 104B.
- the case where the dialogue of the comic is described in English is taken as an example, but any language that can be recognized by the electronic book display device 1 may be used, and other languages may be used.
- the line of the character is described in horizontal writing will be described, vertical writing may be used.
- a learning pattern for horizontal writing and a learning pattern for vertical writing are prepared in the data storage unit 100, and the post-operation character determination unit 106 uses the learning patterns for horizontal writing and vertical writing. If any of the character areas is determined, the character area candidate may be determined as the character area.
- the binarization inversion process performed by the coupling restriction unit 104A may be omitted.
- the processing of the coupling restriction unit 104A may be omitted.
- the character may be a predetermined font or handwritten. Even handwritten characters can be recognized as chunks by the processing of the extension unit 104B.
- the font, size, color, and brightness of characters may differ depending on the balloon, frame, and page. Even if the font, size, color, and brightness are different, the extension unit 104B can recognize the character as a block by expanding the area in the image.
- the processing content for the character region candidate determined to include the character is limited to the enlarged display. Absent.
- the electronic book display device 1 may translate characters in a character region candidate determined to include characters, or may output a machine voice. Further, the electronic book display device 1 performs character extraction by OCR within a character region candidate determined to include a character, and records the extracted character data in the storage unit 11 so that character search in the electronic book is possible. You may do it.
- the display control unit 103 may display an enlarged display based on character data detected by OCR, instead of cutting out and displaying an enlarged character area candidate determined to be a character area.
- a comic is described as an example of an electronic book, but the present invention can be applied to any electronic book that includes characters.
- the character region can be extracted in the same manner as in the embodiment, and thus may be applied to a picture book, a magazine, or the like.
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Abstract
Description
前記少なくとも一方のページ内の各文字領域の読み順に、基準数になるまで文字領域を抽出する手段と、の少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする。
以下、本発明に係る実施形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
図1は、本実施形態における電子書籍表示装置のハードウェア構成を示す図である。電子書籍表示装置1は、ユーザが操作するコンピュータであり、例えば、携帯電話機(スマートフォンを含む)、携帯情報端末(タブレット型コンピュータを含む)、電子書籍リーダー端末、又はパーソナルコンピュータ等である。図1に示すように、電子書籍表示装置1は、制御部10、記憶部11、通信部12、操作部13、表示部14、及び入出力部15を含む。
図2は、電子書籍表示装置1で実現される機能の一例を示す機能ブロック図である。図2に示すように、電子書籍表示装置1では、データ記憶部100、データ取得部101、ページ送り操作受付部102、表示制御部103、ページ関連データ生成部104、指定操作受付部105、及び操作後文字判定部106が実現される。データ記憶部100は、記憶部11を主として実現され、他の各機能は、制御部10を主として実現される。
データ記憶部100は、複数のページからなる電子書籍データを記憶する。図3は、電子書籍データの一例を示す図である。図3に示すように、本実施形態では、電子書籍の各ページに「PN」のように符号を付して説明する。「PN」の「N」は、自然数であり、ページ数を示す。図3に示す電子書籍は50ページから構成されているので、Nは、1~50の数値をとる。例えば、ページP20と記載した場合は、第20ページのことを示し、ページP21と記載した場合は、第21ページのことを示す。
データ取得部101は、複数のページPNからなる電子書籍データを記憶するデータ記憶部100に記憶された電子書籍データを取得する。先述のように、電子書籍データは、画像データを含んでいるが、データ取得部101は、全てのページPNの画像データを一度に取得してもよいし、一部のページPNの画像データのみを取得してもよい。データ取得部101が一部のページPNの画像データのみを取得する場合、データ取得部101は、表示対象のページPNの画像データのみを取得してもよいし、表示対象のページPNとその前後のページPNの画像データを取得してもよい。なお、表示対象となるのは、1つのページPNだけであってもよいし、見開き等のように複数のページPNであってもよい。更に、本実施形態のように電子書籍が漫画の場合、1つのページPNの中の1コマのみが表示対象となってもよい。本実施形態では、複数のページPNのうちの何れか1つのページPNが表示対象になる場合を例に挙げて説明する。
ページ送り操作受付部102は、ページ送り操作を受け付ける。ページ送り操作は、表示部14に表示させるページPNを指定するための操作である。別の言い方をすれば、ページ送り操作は、表示部14に表示されたページPNを切り替えるための操作である。ページ送り操作は、所定の操作であればよく、例えば、表示部14に表示されたアイコンを選択する操作であってもよいし、操作部13がタッチパネルであればフリック操作であってもよい。本実施形態では、表示対象となるのが1つのページPNなので、ページ送り操作は、何れか1つのページPNを指定するための操作と言える。
本実施形態では、表示制御部103は、データ取得部101により取得された電子書籍データに基づいて、複数のページPNのうち指定されたページPNを表示部14に表示させる。表示制御部103は、ページ送り操作により指定されたページPNを表示部14に表示させることになる。例えば、表示制御部103は、ページ送り操作受付部102によりページ送り操作が受け付けられた場合、表示中のページPNの1つ後のページPN+1又は1つ前のページPN-1を表示部14に表示させる。
本実施形態では、ページ関連データ生成部104は、表示部14に表示されたページPNよりも前及び後の少なくとも一方のページPN-K,PN+K(Kは自然数)が表示部14に表示される前に、少なくとも一方のページPN-K,PN+Kに基づいてページ関連データを生成してデータ記憶部100に記録する。なお、ページPN-Kは、ページPNのKページだけ前であり、ページPN+Kは、ページPNのKページだけ後である。
結合制限部104Aは、領域の輪郭又は当該領域自身の大きさが基準以上である場合、当該領域と、後述する拡張部104Bにより拡張した領域と、が結合することを制限する。例えば、文字群24Aが拡張して吹き出し線23Aに結合すると、文字群24Aを文字のかたまりとして検出できなくなってしまう。このため、結合制限部104Aは、下記に説明するようにして、これらの結合を制限することで、文字群24Aの検出の精度を高めるようにしている。
まず、結合制限部104Aは、ページP21に対して2値化処理と反転処理を実行する。図6は、2値化され反転されたページP21を示す図である。結合制限部104Aは、図3に示すページP21の各画素の画素値と閾値に基づいて2値化処理を実行し、各画素を白又は黒に設定する。2値化処理自体は、公知の種々のアルゴリズムを適用可能であり、例えば、Pタイル法やモード法によって閾値を定めてもよい。結合制限部104Aは、2値化した各画素の画素値を反転させ、白の画素を黒にして黒の画素を白にすることによって、図5に示すページP21を、図6に示す状態にする。反転処理自体も、公知の種々の手法を適用可能であり、例えば、各色の画素値の最大値(8ビットグレースケールなら255)から画素値の現在値を引くことで反転後の画素値を計算してもよい。
結合制限部104Aは、2値化して反転させたページP21(図6)に対して輪郭抽出処理を実行し、閉領域の輪郭を抽出する。図7は、図6に示すページP21から抽出された輪郭線を示す図である。図7では、結合制限部104Aが抽出した輪郭線を破線で示している。輪郭線は、所定の太さの線(例えば、1ピクセル)であればよい。また、輪郭線の色は、予め定められた色であればよいが、ここでは黒とする。これは、2値化して反転させたページP21(図6)内の吹き出し線23A,23Bが白で描かれているため、これを背景色である黒で塗りつぶすためである。
結合制限部104Aは、輪郭抽出処理によって抽出した輪郭線のうち、基準以上の大きさの輪郭線を拡大する。結合制限部104Aは、各輪郭線の外接矩形を抽出して、その大きさが閾値T1以上であるか否かを判定することになる。先述したように、本実施形態では、外接矩形の縦幅と横幅を大きさとして用いるので、結合制限部104Aは、外接矩形の縦幅と横幅がそれぞれ閾値T1以上であるか否かを判定することによって、各輪郭線の大きさが基準以上であるか否かを判定する。
結合制限部104Aは、2値化して反転させたページP21(図6)に、拡大した輪郭線(図8)を重畳させる。図9は、拡大した輪郭線が重畳されたページP21を示す図である。図9に示すように、拡大して太い1本になった輪郭線で吹き出し線23A,23Bを重畳したことによって、吹き出し線23A,23Bが黒く塗りつぶされている。このため、後述する処理によって、拡張部104Bが文字群24A,24Bを拡張したとしても、吹き出し線23A,23Bに結合しないことになる。
拡張部104Bは、ページP21内の複数の領域の各々を拡張する。なお、拡張部104Bは、図9に示すページP21内の全ての領域を拡張してもよいし、結合制限部104Aが抽出した輪郭の大きさが基準以上の領域は拡張せず、輪郭の大きさが基準未満の領域を拡張するようにしてもよい。即ち、例えば、拡張部104Bは、キャラクタ22A,22B,22Cの目・鼻・口等、文字群24A,24Bの各文字、太陽25Aの一部、食器25Bのように、輪郭の大きさが基準未満のもののみを拡張してもよい。
判定制限部104Cは、拡張部104Bにより拡張した領域(図12)の輪郭又は当該領域自身の大きさが基準未満である場合、当該領域が操作後文字判定部106の判定対象となることを制限する。なお、判定制限部104Cの説明でも、結合制限部104Aと同様、輪郭の大きさが用いられる場合を説明する。
指定操作受付部105は、ページP21が表示部14に表示された場合に、文字領域候補の指定操作を受け付ける。指定操作は、ページP21内の領域を指定するための操作であればよく、例えば、ページP21内の位置を指定する操作である。本実施形態では、操作部13により表示部14の表示画面内の位置を指定する操作が指定操作に相当する。操作部13により指定された位置を含む領域が、指定操作により指定されたことになる。本実施形態では、指定操作は、文字領域候補のうちの何れかを指定する操作といえる。
操作後文字判定部106は、指定操作受付部105により指定操作が受け付けられた後に、指定操作により指定された文字領域候補に文字が含まれるか否かを判定する。なお、本実施形態では、操作後文字判定部106は、図4に示す状態のページP21を用いて判定処理を実行する場合を説明するが、使用する画像の状態に応じて文字判定の方法を変えるようにすれば、図6や図9に示す状態のページP21を用いてもよい。
図17は、電子書籍表示装置1において実行される処理の一例を示すフロー図である。図17に示す処理は、制御部10が、記憶部11に記憶されたプログラムに従って動作することによって実行される。本実施形態では、下記に説明する処理が実行されることにより、図2に示す機能ブロックが実現される。例えば、ユーザが操作部13を用いて、プログラムの起動を指示した場合に、下記の処理が実行される。
次に、本発明の別実施形態について説明する。実施形態1では、あるページPNが表示部14に表示される前に、文字領域候補を予め抽出してページ関連データとして生成し、当該ページPNが表示部14に表示された後に、ユーザが指定した文字領域候補に対して文字判定を実行する場合を説明した。実施形態2では、ページPNが表示部14に表示される前に、文字領域候補ではなく、当該ページPNの各領域に対して文字判定まで予め完了する。即ち、実施形態2では、ページPNが表示部14に表示される前に、文字と判定した領域である文字領域の抽出まで完了し、ページ関連データとして生成する場合を説明する。
図19は、実施形態2の機能ブロック図である。実施形態2では、ページPNの表示前に文字判定を完了するので、図19に示すように、電子書籍表示装置1は、操作後文字判定部106を含まない。なお、実施形態1の機能ブロックの説明時と同様、ここでは、表示制御部103がページP20を表示部14に表示させた場合に、次のページP21が表示部14に表示される前に、ページ関連データ生成部104がページP21のページ関連データを生成する場合を例に挙げて説明する。
図21は、実施形態2のフロー図である。図21に示すように、S21~S23は、S1~3と同様である。S24は、最初のページP1のページ関連データを生成する点はS4と同様であるが、ページ関連データは、実施形態1では文字領域候補を示し、実施形態2では文字領域を示すので、S24の処理内容は、S4と異なる。
なお、本発明は、以上に説明した実施の形態に限定されるものではない。本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、適宜変更可能である。
Claims (19)
- 複数のページからなる電子書籍データを記憶する手段に記憶された前記電子書籍データを取得するデータ取得手段と、
前記データ取得手段により取得された電子書籍データに基づいて、前記複数のページのうち指定された1又は複数のページを表示手段に表示させる表示制御手段と、
前記表示手段に表示された前記1又は複数のページよりも前及び後の少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示される前に、前記少なくとも一方のページに基づいてページ関連データを生成して記憶手段に記録するページ関連データ生成手段と、
を含むことを特徴とする電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示される前に、前記少なくとも一方のページ内の文字領域候補を抽出して前記ページ関連データとして生成して記録し、
前記電子書籍表示装置は、
前記少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示された場合に、前記文字領域候補の指定操作を受け付ける受付手段と、
前記受付手段により前記指定操作が受け付けられた後に、前記指定操作により指定された文字領域候補に文字が含まれるか否かを判定する操作後文字判定手段と、
を更に含み、
前記表示制御手段は、前記操作後文字判定手段により文字が含まれると判定された文字領域候補内を拡大して前記表示手段に表示させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記電子書籍表示装置は、前記受付手段により前記指定操作が受け付けられる前に、前記文字領域候補に対して第1の文字判定処理を実行する操作前文字判定手段を更に含み、
前記操作後文字判定手段は、前記操作前文字判定手段により文字が含まれると判定された文字領域候補が前記指定操作により指定された場合に、前記第1の文字判定処理よりも精度の高い第2の文字判定処理を実行する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記少なくとも一方のページ内の前記文字領域候補の数が基準未満である場合、前記少なくとも一方のページの次のページの文字領域候補を更に抽出してページ関連データとして生成して記録する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記電子書籍表示装置は、前記文字領域候補の輪郭又は前記文字領域候補自身の大きさが基準以上であるか否かを判定する大きさ判定手段を更に含み、
前記操作後文字判定手段は、前記大きさ判定手段により基準未満の大きさと判定された前記文字領域候補は判定対象とせず、前記大きさ判定手段により基準以上の大きさと判定された前記文字領域候補に文字が含まれるか否かを判定する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2~4の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、
前記少なくとも一方のページの下部領域は文字領域候補を抽出せずに上部領域内の文字領域候補を抽出する手段と、
前記少なくとも一方のページ内の各文字領域の読み順に、基準数になるまで文字領域候補を抽出する手段と、
の少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項2~5の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示される前に、前記少なくとも一方のページ内の文字領域を抽出して前記ページ関連データとして生成して記録し、
前記電子書籍表示装置は、前記少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示された場合に、前記文字領域の指定操作を受け付ける受付手段を更に含み、
前記表示制御手段は、前記受付手段により前記指定操作が受け付けられた場合に、前記指定操作により指定された文字領域内を拡大して前記表示手段に表示させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示される前に、前記少なくとも一方のページ内の文字領域候補を抽出する手段を含み、当該文字領域候補に文字が含まれるか否かを判定することによって、前記文字領域を抽出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示される前に、前記文字領域候補に対して第1の文字判定処理を実行し、当該第1の文字判定処理により文字が含まれると判定された文字領域候補に対して、前記第1の文字判定処理よりも精度の高い第2の文字判定処理を実行することによって、前記文字領域を抽出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記文字領域候補の輪郭又は前記文字領域候補自身の大きさが基準以上であるか否かを判定する大きさ判定手段を含み、前記大きさ判定手段により基準未満の大きさと判定された前記文字領域候補は判定対象とせず、前記大きさ判定手段により基準以上の大きさと判定された前記文字領域候補に文字が含まれるか否かを判定することによって、前記文字領域を抽出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記少なくとも一方のページ内の前記文字領域の数が基準未満である場合、前記少なくとも一方のページの次のページ内の文字領域を更に抽出してページ関連データとして生成して記録する、
ことを特徴とする請求項7~10の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、
前記少なくとも一方のページの下部領域は文字領域を抽出せずに上部領域内の文字領域を抽出する手段と、
前記少なくとも一方のページ内の各文字領域の読み順に、基準数になるまで文字領域を抽出する手段と、
の少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項7~11の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記電子書籍表示装置は、当該電子書籍表示装置のユーザによる前記指定操作の履歴に関する履歴データを記憶する手段に記憶された前記履歴データを取得する手段を更に含み、
前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記履歴データに基づいて、前記ユーザによる前記指定操作の頻度が基準以上であるか否かを判定する頻度判定手段を含み、前記頻度判定手段により基準以上であると判定された場合に前記ページ関連データを生成して記録する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2~12の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記電子書籍表示装置は、当該電子書籍表示装置のユーザにより前記指定操作が行われたページに関するページデータを記憶する手段に記憶された前記ページデータを取得する手段を更に含み、
前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記ページデータに基づいて、前記ユーザにより前記少なくとも一方のページに対して過去に前記指定操作が行われたか否かを判定する過去判定手段を含み、前記過去判定手段により前記指定操作が行われたと判定された場合に前記ページ関連データを生成して記録する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2~13の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記電子書籍表示装置は、当該電子書籍表示装置のユーザ以外の他のユーザにより前記指定操作が行われたページに関するページデータを記憶する手段に記憶された前記ページデータを取得する手段を更に含み、
前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記ページデータに基づいて、前記他のユーザにより前記少なくとも一方のページに対して過去に前記指定操作が行われたか否かを判定する過去判定手段を含み、前記過去判定手段により前記指定操作が行われたと判定された場合に前記ページ関連データを生成して記録する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2~14の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記電子書籍表示装置は、当該電子書籍表示装置のユーザの年齢に関する年齢情報を取得する手段を更に含み、
前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記年齢情報に基づいて、前記ユーザの年齢が基準以上であるか否かを判定する年齢判定手段を含み、前記年齢判定手段により基準以上であると判定された場合に前記ページ関連データを生成して記録する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2~15の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 前記電子書籍表示装置は、前記表示手段の画面サイズに関するサイズ情報を取得する手段を更に含み、
前記ページ関連データ生成手段は、前記サイズ情報に基づいて、前記表示手段の画面サイズが基準未満であるか否かを判定するサイズ判定手段を含み、前記サイズ判定手段により基準未満であると判定された場合に前記ページ関連データを生成して記録する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2~16の何れかに記載の電子書籍表示装置。 - 複数のページからなる電子書籍データを記憶する手段に記憶された前記電子書籍データを取得するデータ取得ステップと、
前記データ取得ステップにより取得された電子書籍データに基づいて、前記複数のページのうち指定された1又は複数のページを表示手段に表示させる表示制御ステップと、
前記表示手段に表示された前記1又は複数のページよりも前及び後の少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示される前に、前記少なくとも一方のページに基づいてページ関連データを生成して記憶手段に記録するページ関連データ生成ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする電子書籍表示方法。 - 複数のページからなる電子書籍データを記憶する手段に記憶された前記電子書籍データを取得するデータ取得手段、
前記データ取得手段により取得された電子書籍データに基づいて、前記複数のページのうち指定された1又は複数のページを表示手段に表示させる表示制御手段、
前記表示手段に表示された前記1又は複数のページよりも前及び後の少なくとも一方のページが前記表示手段に表示される前に、前記少なくとも一方のページに基づいてページ関連データを生成して記憶手段に記録するページ関連データ生成手段、
としてコンピュータを機能させるためのプログラム。
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| TW (1) | TWI592859B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2017009908A1 (ja) |
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| US11474781B2 (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-10-18 | Asianlink Technology Incorporation | Electronic book system using electromagnetic energy to detect page numbers |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180329872A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
| CA2991100A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
| TW201706821A (zh) | 2017-02-16 |
| JPWO2017009908A1 (ja) | 2017-07-13 |
| JP5991704B1 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
| CA2991100C (en) | 2023-10-17 |
| TWI592859B (zh) | 2017-07-21 |
| US11132496B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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