WO2017008356A1 - 复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法及选型方法 - Google Patents

复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法及选型方法 Download PDF

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WO2017008356A1
WO2017008356A1 PCT/CN2015/085960 CN2015085960W WO2017008356A1 WO 2017008356 A1 WO2017008356 A1 WO 2017008356A1 CN 2015085960 W CN2015085960 W CN 2015085960W WO 2017008356 A1 WO2017008356 A1 WO 2017008356A1
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wind
composite insulator
wind speed
shed
deformation
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PCT/CN2015/085960
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English (en)
French (fr)
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贾志东
雷云泽
朱正一
王言
周军
邓桃
邓禹
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清华大学深圳研究生院
中国电力科学研究院
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Publication of WO2017008356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017008356A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels

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  • the invention relates to the field of high voltage transmission technology, in particular to a method for evaluating a starting wind speed of a composite insulator for high voltage external insulation, and a method for selecting a composite insulator.
  • Composite insulators are commonly used in high-voltage transmission lines. They are commonly used in transmission line towers and high-voltage power line connection towers to fix suspended conductors and to electrically insulate between towers and high-voltage conductors.
  • the composite insulator includes a core rod, a sheath and a plurality of sheds, and the outer side of the core rod is bonded with an integrally formed sheath and an umbrella skirt.
  • the main material of the mandrel is glass fiber
  • the material of the sheath and the shed is high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber
  • the silicone rubber has a lower elastic modulus
  • the texture is soft, resulting in a lower rigidity of the shed structure, so the resistance of the shed Bending and anti-vibration capabilities are extremely weak.
  • Composite insulators are used in outdoor environments, so inevitably encounter strong winds and climates. For example, in the northwestern part of China, there are only eight famous wind zones in Xinjiang, such as the famous "Thirty Miles" between Urumqi and Turpan. The area has an average maximum wind speed of 42m/s at a height of 10 meters. According to the natural wind speed profile curve, the maximum wind speed of the 750kV tower with an average call height of 46m reaches 50m/s, which is a huge challenge for the safe operation of composite insulators.
  • the aforementioned material of the composite insulator shed is a low elastic modulus silicone rubber, resulting in weak bending and vibration resistance. The vibration phenomenon of composite insulator under strong wind is a complicated process.
  • the wind speed when the composite insulator starts to oscillate greatly is called the oscillating wind speed, which is the most important index of the wind resistance of the composite insulator.
  • the large swing is defined as the adjacent upper/lower umbrella when the shed swings.
  • the swing or vibration of the skirt At present, wind tunnel test is the only direct means to measure the wind speed of composite insulators. The measurement results are accurate and reproducible, but the wind tunnel test period is long, costly, and wind tunnel resources are limited.
  • the existing selection methods of composite insulators do not include the evaluation of the wind speed of the composite insulator. Therefore, when the selected composite insulator is applied to the strong wind zone, the service life and performance of the composite insulator cannot be guaranteed, and the insulator umbrella is highly prone to occur.
  • the skirt swings violently, and the stress concentration problem at the root of the shed skirt is easy to cause the root tearing fault caused by the violent swing of the shed.
  • the present invention proposes a method for estimating the pulsating wind speed of a composite insulator based on the unit pressure of the shed under wind pressure. Derivation of deformation, and using the corresponding relationship between unit pressure deformation and pulsating wind speed, the starting wind speed of the composite insulator is evaluated, so that the insulator with weak wind resistance can be avoided to be applied to the strong wind area, so that the shed swings greatly and even tears Cracking and posing a threat to the security of the power system.
  • a method for evaluating a wind speed of a composite insulator wherein the composite insulator comprises a core rod and an integrally formed sheath and a plurality of sheds bonded to the outside of the core rod, and the method for evaluating the tempering wind speed comprises the following steps:
  • S2 preparing a loading piece: selecting a positive wind pressure concentration area including a first shed edge in the wind pressure distribution cloud image of the lower surface, and selecting a negative pressure covered by the positive wind pressure concentration area in the upper surface wind pressure distribution cloud image a wind pressure concentration zone, a loading piece having a shape conforming to the positive wind pressure concentration zone or the negative wind pressure concentration zone is formed, and an outer edge arc of the loading piece has the same diameter as the first umbrella skirt;
  • S3 calculating unit pressure deformation: if the composite insulator is an asymmetric umbrella type, attaching the loading sheet to the lower surface of the first shed and flipping the composite insulator such that the lower surface faces upward, if The composite insulator is a symmetrical umbrella type, and the loading piece is attached to the surface of the shed facing upward; then, the first shed is deformed by loading a load on the loading piece, and the deformation is obtained by measuring deformation. The first shed is deformed by a unit pressure under the load;
  • step S4 According to the correspondence between the unit pressure deformation and the starting wind speed, the unit obtained in step S3 is obtained. The pressure deformation is substituted into the corresponding relationship to obtain the starting wind speed of the composite insulator.
  • the above-mentioned oscillating wind speed evaluation method is based on the finite element simulation of the composite insulator under the strong wind, and gradually loads the heavy load in the wind pressure concentration area of the composite insulator, and is generated by measuring the wind pressure concentration area under various weight loads.
  • the shape variable, and calculate the unit pressure deformation, and then according to the correspondence between the unit pressure deformation and the starting wind speed, the starting wind speed can be estimated.
  • the method is easy to operate and can evaluate the starting wind speed of the composite insulator more accurately.
  • the shed Based on the starting wind speed, it can be selected to be applied to the strong wind zone without the large swing of the shed (the shed is swayed and touched adjacently) / Under the umbrella skirt can be called a large swing) or even the rug tearing composite insulator to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the composite insulator in the strong wind zone.
  • the loading piece is crescent-shaped, and the outer edge arc is a semi-circular arc.
  • the crescent-shaped load plate whose outer edge arc is a semi-circular arc is closer to the wind pressure concentration zone obtained by the above finite element simulation analysis, and the load piece is used to load the heavy object, which is closer to the wind pressure of the composite insulator in actual use. At the time of the force, the result of the initial wind speed assessment can be more accurate.
  • step S3 the outer edge arc of the loading piece is aligned with the first shed edge, and the outer edge of the outer edge of the loading piece has a suspension for suspending the load. point.
  • the corresponding relationship in step S4 is calculated by the following steps: S41. Selecting a plurality of different types of composite insulators having the same withstand voltage value respectively performs steps S1 to S3 to obtain corresponding unit pressures. Deformation; wind tunnel test is performed on a plurality of composite insulators selected to obtain corresponding plurality of starting wind speeds; S42, the unit pressure shape is changed to the horizontal axis, and the oscillating wind speed is the vertical axis, and the plurality of unit pressures in step S41 are deformed. And a plurality of scatter plots of the pulsating wind speed are linearly fitted to obtain the corresponding relationship between the pulsating wind speed and the unit pressure deformation.
  • the corresponding relationship can be obtained; when the corresponding relationship is applied to the aforementioned oscillating wind speed evaluation method, for the composite insulator to be evaluated, no wind tunnel test is needed, and only the unit pressure deformation is calculated, and then By substituting the obtained unit pressure deformation value into the corresponding relationship, the starting wind speed corresponding to the unit pressure deformation can be obtained.
  • the loading sheet is made of plastic or plexiglass and has a thickness of 2 to 5 mm.
  • the weight of the loading piece itself is negligible for the deformation of the shed, so the loading piece should be made of lighter hard material, and the thickness has certain requirements, too thin and easy to tear, too thick
  • the weight of the loaded sheet is too large, resulting in a decrease in the calculation accuracy of the unit pressure deformation.
  • the composite insulator is placed vertically perpendicular to the ground in step S3 to load the load.
  • the invention further provides a method for selecting a composite insulator, comprising: performing the foregoing method for estimating the tempering wind speed; and selecting, according to the highest wind speed of the composite insulator application environment, the oscillating wind speed estimated according to the tempering wind speed evaluation method is greater than or A composite insulator equal to the highest wind speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a symmetrical umbrella type composite insulator
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a portion A of the composite insulator of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a specific structure of a loading sheet
  • Figure 4-1 is a cloud diagram showing the wind pressure distribution on the upper surface of the shed by finite element simulation of the composite insulator
  • Figure 4-2 is a cloud diagram showing the wind pressure distribution on the lower surface of the shed under the finite element simulation of the composite insulator
  • Figure 5 is a corresponding relationship diagram between unit pressure deformation and pulsation wind speed
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for estimating a starting wind speed of a composite insulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the composite insulator includes a core rod 1, a sheath 2 and a plurality of sheds 3, and the outer surface of the core rod 1 is bonded with an integrally formed sheath 2 and an shed 3.
  • FIG. 2 (a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section at a portion A of the composite insulator in FIG. 1 )
  • an angle ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 is formed between the upper and lower surfaces of the shed 3 and the sheath 2, and the root chamfer is formed.
  • the radius is r1 and r2 respectively.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating a starting wind speed of a composite insulator (hereinafter referred to as an evaluation method).
  • the evaluation method includes the following steps:
  • S1 performing finite element simulation on the composite insulator to simulate a wind pressure distribution cloud diagram when subjected to wind pressure in a natural environment, specifically: selecting a composite insulator to evaluate the starting wind speed, and modeling in the finite element simulation software, Simulating the actual operating conditions, that is, applying a wind force to the composite insulator to obtain a cloud profile of the upper and lower surfaces of the first shed having the largest diameter; wherein, if the sheds of the composite insulator are equal in diameter, The first shed is either one of the sheds.
  • S2 preparing a loading piece: selecting a positive wind pressure concentration area including a first shed edge in the wind pressure distribution cloud image of the lower surface, and selecting a negative pressure covered by the positive wind pressure concentration area in the upper surface wind pressure distribution cloud image
  • a loading piece having a shape conforming to the positive wind pressure concentration zone or the negative wind pressure concentration zone is formed, and the outer edge arc of the loading piece has the same diameter as the first umbrella skirt.
  • the crescent-like area surrounded by the black lines on the lower surface of the large shed is a positive wind pressure concentration zone (roughly the wind pressure is 1.741e+002 to 6.938e+ Between 002), as shown in Figure 4-1, the area corresponding to the upper surface has a negative wind pressure concentration zone (roughly the wind pressure is between -6.055e + 002 and -1.125), and the wind pressure in these two parts
  • the absolute value is larger and closer to the edge of the shed, which belongs to the area of the shed that is susceptible to wind-induced deformation. It can be used to form the positive wind pressure on the windward surface (the lower surface of the shed).
  • the loading piece with the same shape of the concentrated area is used to load the load to measure the deformation; or, the loading piece whose shape is consistent with the negative wind pressure concentration area can be made (but the preferred solution is to make the shape of the loading piece closer to the lower surface of the shed Positive wind pressure concentration zone).
  • the shape of the loading piece may be like a crescent shape, as shown in FIG. 3, the contour of the crescent-shaped loading piece includes an outer circular arc 10, which preferably has the same diameter D as the shed 3, and the outer
  • the area of the loading piece is S, that is, when loading the load on the shed,
  • the effective effective area of the force is S. It should be noted that the shape of the loading piece is not limited to that shown in FIG.
  • the material of the loading sheet is preferably a lighter and harder material such as plastic or plexiglass, and the thickness is preferably between 2 and 5 mm.
  • S3 calculating unit pressure deformation: if the composite insulator is an asymmetric umbrella type, attaching the loading sheet to the lower surface of the first shed and flipping the composite insulator such that the lower surface faces upward, if The composite insulator is a symmetrical umbrella type, and the loading sheet is pasted on the upward facing surface; then, the first shed is deformed by loading a load on the loading sheet, and the deformation is obtained by measuring the deformation. The first shed is deformed by the unit pressure under the load.
  • step S4 According to the correspondence relationship between the unit pressure deformation and the pulsation wind speed, the unit pressure deformation obtained in step S3 is substituted into the corresponding relationship, and the pulsating wind speed of the composite insulator is obtained.
  • the correspondence between the unit pressure deformation and the pulsation wind speed can be obtained by the following methods:
  • Wind tunnel tests were carried out on each of the 8 composite insulators, and the vibration of each of the 8 composite insulators was obtained. Wind speed
  • the eight sets of data of the eight composite insulators are depicted as scatter plots, wherein the unit pressure shape becomes the abscissa and the oscillating wind speed is the ordinate. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that the pulsating wind speed of the composite insulator monotonously decreases as the unit pressure of the shed skirt increases, and is approximately straight.
  • the relationship is universal, depending on the correspondence.
  • the edge unit pressure deformation t value of the composite insulator is below 6.39 mm/kPa.
  • the starting wind speed of the composite insulator will be higher than 50m/s, which is considered to meet the long-term operating conditions of the strong wind zone of 50m/s.
  • the pressure deformation of the umbrella skirt is selected to be 23.41 mm/kPa, 15.72 mm/kPa, 10.45 mm/kPa, 5.40 mm/kPa, 3.96 mm/kPa, respectively.
  • the wind speeds measured by wind tunnel test are shown in the following table:
  • the estimated wind speed of the composite insulator can be estimated by the aforementioned evaluation method, according to the highest wind speed of the application area. Selecting, selecting a composite insulator with a starting wind speed above the maximum wind speed, The safe operation of the composite insulator in this strong wind zone can be guaranteed.

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Abstract

一种复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法及选型方法，包括：对复合绝缘子进行有限元仿真，获取伞裙（3）上、下表面风压分布云图；选取下表面风压分布云图中包括第一伞裙边缘的正风压集中区域，选取下表面风压分布云图中覆盖正风压集中区域的负风压集中区域，制作形状与负风压集中区域一致的加载片；将加载片粘贴于伞裙（3）表面的相应位置，在加载片上加载重物负荷以使伞裙（3）产生形变，并测量形变，然后计算单位压强形变；根据单位压强形变与起振风速之间的对应关系，将单位压强形变代入所述对应关系，即得复合绝缘子的起振风速。本方法容易操作实施，可较准确评估复合绝缘子的起振风速，供选出能安全运行于强风区的复合绝缘子。

Description

复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法及选型方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高压输电技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于高电压外绝缘的复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法，以及复合绝缘子的选型方法。
背景技术
复合绝缘子是高压输电线路中经常用到的器件，常见于输电线路杆塔、高压电线连接塔，用于固定悬挂导线以及在杆塔和高压导线之间起电气绝缘的作用。
复合绝缘子包括芯棒、护套和多个伞裙，芯棒的外侧粘结有一体成型的护套和伞裙。其中，芯棒主要材料为玻璃纤维，护套和伞裙的材料为高温硫化硅橡胶，硅橡胶具备较低的弹性模量，质地柔软，导致伞裙结构具备较低刚度，因此伞裙的抗弯及抗振能力极其薄弱。
复合绝缘子是用于户外环境中，因此不可避免地会遇到强风气候环境，比如我国西北地区，仅在新疆地区就存在八大著名风区，例如位于乌鲁木齐与吐鲁番之间著名的“三十里风区”，其在10米高度处平均最高风速达42m/s，根据自然风速剖面曲线推算到750kV杆塔平均呼称高46m处的最高风速达到50m/s，这对复合绝缘子的安全运行是一个巨大挑战：前述提及复合绝缘子伞裙的材料为低弹性模量的硅橡胶，导致其抗弯和抗振能力较弱。复合绝缘子在强风下的振动现象是一个复杂的过程，随着施加风速的逐步提高，通常包括轻微形变、边缘颤振、大幅摆动、大幅形变等过程，在伞裙发生轻微形变和边缘颤振时，由于伞裙根部应力尚不足以到达硅橡胶的疲劳极限，因此不会发生影响绝缘子寿命的疲劳破坏现象，而当风速进一步增大时，伞裙出现大幅度的摆动，根部受到应力反复作用和释放，使得硅橡胶材料发生疲劳现象，逐渐发生撕裂，最终使复合绝缘子损坏报废。大幅形变导致伞裙根部倒角处产生严重的应力集中，长期的周期性应力作用导致该区域硅橡胶材料疲劳松弛，甚至发展成撕裂故障。目前该故障已经成为强风区复合绝缘子外绝缘子故障的主要防备对象之一，已对电力系统经济、安全运行造成巨大威胁。
复合绝缘子开始发生大幅摆动时的风速称为起振风速，它是复合绝缘子抗风性能最重要的指标，其中，所述大幅摆动定义为伞裙摆动时会碰到相邻上/下伞 裙的摆动或振动。目前，风洞试验是测量复合绝缘子起振风速的唯一直接手段，测量结果准确，可重复性高，但风洞试验周期长、耗资高，且风洞资源有限。
复合绝缘子现有的各种选型方法中，并不包括复合绝缘子起振风速的评估，因此当选出的复合绝缘子应用于强风区时，无法保证复合绝缘子的使用寿命和性能，极易出现绝缘子伞裙剧烈摆动，伞裙根部应力集中问题，即容易发生伞裙剧烈摆动引起的根部撕裂故障。
发明内容
经研究发现，复合绝缘子伞裙在风压作用下的单位压强形变和起振过程关系密切，因此本发明提出一种复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法，基于对伞裙在风压下的单位压强形变的推算，并利用单位压强形变与起振风速的对应关系，评估出复合绝缘子的起振风速，从而避免将抗风能力较弱的绝缘子应用于强风区而使得伞裙大幅摆动、甚至造成撕裂而对电力系统安全造成威胁。
本发明通过以下技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法，其中复合绝缘子包括芯棒以及粘结于芯棒外且一体成型的护套和多个伞裙，所述起振风速评估方法包括以下步骤：
S1、对所述复合绝缘子进行有限元仿真：施加风力于所述复合绝缘子，并获取第一伞裙的上、下表面风压分布云图；当所述多个伞裙直径不相等时，所述第一伞裙为所述多个伞裙中直径最大的伞裙，当所述多个伞裙直径相等时，所述第一伞裙为所述多个伞裙中的任意一个伞裙；
S2、制作加载片：选取所述下表面风压分布云图中包括第一伞裙边缘的正风压集中区，选取所述上表面风压分布云图中被所述正风压集中区覆盖的负风压集中区，制作形状与所述正风压集中区或所述负风压集中区一致的加载片，且所述加载片的外边缘圆弧具有与所述第一伞裙相同的径；
S3、计算单位压强形变：若所述复合绝缘子为非对称伞型，则将所述加载片粘贴于所述第一伞裙下表面并翻转所述复合绝缘子以使所述下表面朝上，若所述复合绝缘子为对称伞型，则将所述加载片粘贴于伞裙朝上的表面上；然后，通过在所述加载片上加载负荷使所述第一伞裙产生形变，通过测量形变，得到所述第一伞裙在所述负荷作用下的单位压强形变；
S4、根据单位压强形变与起振风速之间的对应关系，将步骤S3所得的单位 压强形变代入所述对应关系，即可得到所述复合绝缘子的起振风速。
上述起振风速评估方法，根据复合绝缘子在强风下的受力情况进行有限元仿真，在复合绝缘子的风压集中区逐渐加载重物负荷，通过测量多种重量负荷下该风压集中区所产生的形变量，并计算单位压强形变，然后根据单位压强形变与起振风速之间的对应关系，即可估算出起振风速。方法容易操作实施，可以较为准确地评估复合绝缘子的起振风速，基于该起振风速，即可选出能够应用于强风区而不会出现伞裙大幅摆动(伞裙摆动时碰到相邻上/下的伞裙可称为大幅摆动)甚至伞裙撕裂的复合绝缘子，以保证复合绝缘子在强风区的安全可靠运行。
在更加优选的技术方案中，所述加载片为月牙状，并且外边缘圆弧为半圆弧。月牙状的、外边缘圆弧为半圆弧的加载片更加接近于通过上述有限元仿真分析得到的风压集中区，使用该加载片来加载重物，更加接近复合绝缘子实际使用中受风压时的受力情况，最终能使起振风速评估结果更为准确。
在更加优选的技术方案中，步骤S3中，所述加载片的外边缘圆弧与第一伞裙边缘对齐，所述加载片的外边缘圆弧中点处具有用于悬挂所述负荷的悬挂点。
在更加优选的技术方案中，步骤S3中通过测量形变得到单位压强形变的过程具体包括：S31、在所述悬挂点上逐渐增加所述负荷的重量，测量得到多个对应不同重量的伞裙形变值；S32、以重量为横轴、伞裙形变值为纵轴，将步骤S31中的多个重量及其对应的伞裙形变值的散点图进行线性拟合，得到形变——负荷重量关系线，并求取该形变——负荷重量关系线的斜率K；S33、计算单位压强形变t＝KS/g，其中S为所述加载片的面积，g为重力加速度。
在更加优选的技术方案中，步骤S4中的所述对应关系通过以下步骤推算出：S41、选取同样耐压值的多个不同型号复合绝缘子分别执行步骤S1至S3，得到相应的多个单位压强形变；对选取的多个复合绝缘子进行风洞试验，得到相应的多个起振风速；S42、以单位压强形变为横轴、起振风速为纵轴，将步骤S41中的多个单位压强形变以及多个起振风速的散点图进行线性拟合，得到起振风速与单位压强形变之间的所述对应关系。通过本方案获取所述对应关系，仅需选取某种耐压值的多个不同型号的复合绝缘子来进行实验即可推算出：针对选出的多支复合绝缘子进行前述的单位压强形变计算以及风洞试验获取起振风速，根据得出的这些绝缘子的多个单位压强以及多个起振风速，描绘散点图，再对散点图进行 线性拟合，即可得出所述对应关系；将该对应关系应用于前述起振风速评估方法中时，针对需要评估的复合绝缘子，无需再进行风洞试验，只需计算单位压强形变，然后将得到的单位压强形变值代入到所述对应关系中，即可得出单位压强形变所对应的起振风速。
在更加优选的技术方案中，所述加载片的材质为塑胶或有机玻璃，且厚度为2～5mm。由于单位压强形变的计算中，加载片本身重量对伞裙的形变是忽略不计的，因此加载片宜采用较轻的硬质材料，并且厚度有一定的要求，太薄容易撕裂，太厚又使得加载片重量过大，导致单位压强形变的计算准确度降低。
在更加优选的技术方案中，步骤S3中所述复合绝缘子垂直于地面竖直放置以加载负荷。
本发明另还提出复合绝缘子的选型方法，包括：执行前述的起振风速评估方法；以及根据复合绝缘子应用环境的最高风速，选取根据所述起振风速评估方法评估出的起振风速大于或等于所述最高风速的复合绝缘子。
附图说明
图1是一种对称伞型复合绝缘子的结构示意图；
图2是图1中复合绝缘子的局部A的纵切剖面示意图；
图3是加载片的一种具体结构示意图；
图4-1是对复合绝缘子进行有限元仿真得出的伞裙上表面风压分布云图；
图4-2是对复合绝缘子进行有限元仿真得出的伞裙下表面风压分布云图；
图5是单位压强形变与起振风速的对应关系图；
图6是本发明具体实施方式提供的复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和优选的实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，复合绝缘子包括芯棒1、护套2和多个伞裙3，芯棒1的外表面粘结有一体成型的护套2和伞裙3。同时参考图2(为图1中复合绝缘子的局部A处的纵切剖面示意图)，图2中，伞裙3上、下表面与护套2之间分别形成夹角α1、α2，根部倒角半径分别为r1、r2，当α1＝α2且r1＝r2时，为对称伞型结构，即伞裙上、下表面对称；相对地，当α1≠α2或r1≠r2时，为非对称伞型结构，此时通常把与护套2形成的夹角较大的一面称为伞裙的上表面，而将夹角较 小的一侧称为下表面。另外，对于伞裙结构，也有等径结构和非等径结构之分。所述等径结构，即复合绝缘子中各伞裙的伞裙直径相等，如图1中所示，即为等径结构。否则，即为非等径结构。
本发明的具体实施方式提出一种复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法(以下简称评估方法)，可参考图6，该评估方法包括以下步骤：
S1、对所述复合绝缘子进行有限元仿真，模拟其在自然环境中受风压时的风压分布云图，具体为：选取所要评估起振风速的复合绝缘子，在有限元仿真软件中建模，模拟实际运行工况，即施加风力于所述复合绝缘子，得到直径最大的第一伞裙的上、下表面风压分布云图；其中，若所述复合绝缘子的各伞裙等径，则所述第一伞裙为其中任一伞裙。
例如：选取某种常见型号的耐压为750kV的复合绝缘子，在有限元仿真软件中进行建模，施加一定的风速，得到大伞裙(即直径最大的伞裙)上、下表面的风压分布云图分别为图4-1、图4-2所示。
S2、制作加载片：选取所述下表面风压分布云图中包括第一伞裙边缘的正风压集中区，选取所述上表面风压分布云图中被所述正风压集中区覆盖的负风压集中区，制作形状与所述正风压集中区或所述负风压集中区一致的加载片，且所述加载片的外边缘圆弧具有与所述第一伞裙相同的直径。
接着上例，从图4-2中可以看出，该大伞裙下表面黑色线条围成的类似月牙状的区域为正风压集中区(大致是风压为1.741e+002到6.938e+002之间)，从图4-1看出，上表面相对应的区域有负风压集中区(大致是风压为-6.055e+002到-1.125之间)，这两部分区域风压的绝对值较大且较为靠近伞裙边缘，是属于伞裙中容易受风压形变起振的区域，可以迎风面(伞裙下表面)的正风压集中区为准，制作与该正风压集中区形状一致的加载片用以加载负荷来测量形变；或者，也可以制作形状与负风压集中区一致的加载片(但较优选的方案是使加载片的形状较接近于伞裙下表面的正风压集中区)。
例如，加载片的形状可以如月牙形，如图3所示，月牙形的加载片的轮廓包括外圆弧10，该外圆弧10优选地具有与伞裙3相同的直径D，并且该外圆弧10为半圆弧(即圆心角为180°)，更加优选地，加载片的内圆弧20的半径R＝0.707D(即内圆弧20的圆心角为90°)。加载片的面积为S，即加载负荷于伞裙上时， 力的有效作用面积为S。需要说明，加载片的形状不限于图3所示，只要根据有限元建模分析，制作形状与正风压集中区或负风压集中区尽可能一致的加载片即可。为了更方便加载负荷(例如砝码)，在加载片的外圆弧的中点制作一个悬挂点用于悬挂砝码。另外，加载片的材质优选采用较轻、较硬的材料，例如塑胶或有机玻璃，厚度优选在2～5mm之间。
S3、计算单位压强形变：若所述复合绝缘子为非对称伞型，则将所述加载片粘贴于所述第一伞裙下表面并翻转所述复合绝缘子以使所述下表面朝上，若所述复合绝缘子为对称伞型，则将所述加载片粘贴于朝上的表面上；然后，通过在所述加载片上加载负荷使所述第一伞裙产生形变，通过测量形变，得到所述第一伞裙在所述负荷作用下的单位压强形变。
接着上例，以图1所示的复合绝缘子为例，将加载片粘贴于伞裙的任一表面(但应保证粘贴的表面朝上)并且加载片的外圆弧与伞裙边缘对齐(如果是非对称伞型，则粘贴于伞裙下表面，然后将复合绝缘子倒过来使下表面朝上)，将复合绝缘子垂直于地面竖直放置，将不同质量的砝码按质量从小到大依次悬挂于加载片的悬挂点，并分别测量每种质量的砝码所对应的伞裙产生的形变值。得到多组伞裙形变——负荷质量数据，以形变为纵轴、负荷质量为横轴进行描点，得到散点图，再将散点图进行线性拟合，得到的直线斜率为K。
假设当悬挂的砝码质量为m时，伞裙产生的形变为h，则单位压强形变t＝h/P，其中压强P＝mg/S，g为重力加速度，S为作用面积(即加载片的面积)，从而t＝hS/mg，而前述直线斜率K＝h/m，因此，单位压强形变t＝KS/g。
S4、根据单位压强形变与起振风速之间的对应关系，将步骤S3所得的单位压强形变代入所述对应关系，即可得到所述复合绝缘子的起振风速。单位压强形变与起振风速之间的对应关系可以通过以下方法得到：
选取若干支(例如此例中选取8支)不同型号、多个厂家生产的耐压为750kV(也可以是其他耐压值)的复合绝缘子，分别用1#，2#，3#，4#，5#，6#，7#和8#进行编号，然后：
对8支复合绝缘子，都分别进行上述步骤S1至S3，可以得到对应的8个单位压强形变值；
对8支复合绝缘子，都分别进行风洞试验，得出8支复合绝缘子各自的起振 风速；
然后对这8支复合绝缘子的8组数据进行散点图描绘，其中，单位压强形变为横坐标，起振风速为纵坐标。从图5中可得到，复合绝缘子的起振风速随着伞裙边缘单位压强形变的增大而单调地下降，并近似呈一条直线。对该散点图进行线性拟合，即可得到所述对应关系v＝60.018-1.568t(即起振风速与单位压强形变之间的关系)，该关系是通用的，依赖于该对应关系，进行复合绝缘子的起振风速评估时，无需再次进行风洞试验，只要测得待评估的复合绝缘子的单位压强形变t，将t值代入到该对应关系v＝60.018-1.568t中，即可估算出起振风速v。
依据所述对应关系，可见，复合绝缘子的伞裙单位压强形变越大，其起振风速相应地越小，经过计算得出，当复合绝缘子的边缘单位压强形变t值在6.39mm/kPa以下时，复合绝缘子的起振风速将高于50m/s，认为其可以满足强风区50m/s长期运行条件。
为了验证本评估方法的准确性，在此提供一种实验：选取伞裙单位压强形变分别为23.41mm/kPa、15.72mm/kPa、10.45mm/kPa、5.40mm/kPa、3.96mm/kPa的5支复合绝缘子，通过风洞试验测量其起振风速分别如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2015085960-appb-000001
从上表可以看出，当复合绝缘子的伞裙单位压强形变越小，其起振风速越大，尤其是，当单位压强形变在5.40mm/kPa以下时，起振风速在50.52m/s以上，根据上表数据绘制类似图5的散点图再进行线性拟合后，得到与图5几乎一致的关系图，验证了复合绝缘子的伞裙单位压强形变在6.39mm/kPa以下时，其可应用于强风区(风速50m/s以上)，在强风区工作也不出现伞裙撕裂问题并能够可靠运行。可见，本发明提供的起振风速评估方法能够较为准确地评估复合绝缘子的起振风速。
综上可见，当我们需要确定某些复合绝缘子中，哪些能够安全用于某区域尤其是强风区，可以通过前述的评估方法估算出复合绝缘子的起振风速后，根据该应用区域的最高风速来选型，选出起振风速在所述最高风速以上的复合绝缘子， 即可保证复合绝缘子在该强风区的安全运行。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干等同替代或明显变型，而且性能或用途相同，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 复合绝缘子的起振风速评估方法，其中复合绝缘子包括芯棒以及粘结于芯棒外且一体成型的护套和多个伞裙，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    S1、对所述复合绝缘子进行有限元仿真：施加风力于所述复合绝缘子，并获取第一伞裙的上、下表面风压分布云图；当所述多个伞裙直径不相等时，所述第一伞裙为所述多个伞裙中直径最大的伞裙，当所述多个伞裙直径相等时，所述第一伞裙为所述多个伞裙中的任意一个伞裙；
    S2、制作加载片：选取所述下表面风压分布云图中包括第一伞裙边缘的正风压集中区，选取所述上表面风压分布云图中被所述正风压集中区覆盖的负风压集中区，制作形状与所述正风压集中区或所述负风压集中区一致的加载片，且所述加载片的外边缘圆弧具有与所述第一伞裙相同的直径；
    S3、计算单位压强形变：若所述复合绝缘子为非对称伞型，则将所述加载片粘贴于所述第一伞裙下表面并翻转所述复合绝缘子以使所述下表面朝上，若所述复合绝缘子为对称伞型，则将所述加载片粘贴于伞裙朝上的表面上；然后，通过在所述加载片上加载负荷使所述第一伞裙产生形变，通过测量形变，得到所述第一伞裙在所述负荷作用下的单位压强形变；
    S4、根据单位压强形变与起振风速之间的对应关系，将步骤S3所得的单位压强形变代入所述对应关系，即可得到所述复合绝缘子的起振风速。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的起振风速评估方法，其特征在于：所述加载片为月牙状，并且外边缘圆弧为半圆弧。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的起振风速评估方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中，所述加载片的外边缘圆弧与第一伞裙边缘对齐，所述加载片的外边缘圆弧中点处具有用于悬挂所述负荷的悬挂点。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的起振风速评估方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中通过测量形变得到单位压强形变的过程具体包括：
    S31、在所述悬挂点上逐渐增加所述负荷的重量，测量得到多个对应不同重量的伞裙形变值；
    S32、以重量为横轴、伞裙形变值为纵轴，将步骤S31中的多个重量及其对应的伞裙形变值的散点图进行线性拟合，得到形变——负荷重量关系线，并求取该形变——负荷重量关系线的斜率K；
    S33、计算单位压强形变t＝KS/g，其中S为所述加载片的面积，g为重力加速度。
  5. 如权利要求1或2或4所述的起振风速评估方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中的所述对应关系通过以下步骤推算出：
    S41、选取同样耐压值的多个不同型号复合绝缘子分别执行步骤S1至S3，得到相应的多个单位压强形变；对选取的多个复合绝缘子进行风洞试验，得到相应的多个起振风速；
    S42、以单位压强形变为横轴、起振风速为纵轴，将步骤S41中的多个单位压强形变以及多个起振风速的散点图进行线性拟合，得到起振风速与单位压强形变之间的所述对应关系。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的起振风速评估方法，其特征在于：所述加载片的材质为塑胶或有机玻璃，且厚度为2～5mm。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的起振风速评估方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述复合绝缘子垂直于地面竖直放置以加载负荷。
  8. 复合绝缘子的选型方法，其特征在于：包括：
    执行如权利要求1至7任一项所述的起振风速评估方法；
    根据复合绝缘子应用环境的最高风速，选取根据所述起振风速评估方法评估出的起振风速大于或等于所述最高风速的复合绝缘子。
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