WO2016208754A1 - 抗グリピカン-1-免疫抗原受容体 - Google Patents
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- WO2016208754A1 WO2016208754A1 PCT/JP2016/068924 JP2016068924W WO2016208754A1 WO 2016208754 A1 WO2016208754 A1 WO 2016208754A1 JP 2016068924 W JP2016068924 W JP 2016068924W WO 2016208754 A1 WO2016208754 A1 WO 2016208754A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for glypican-1 (GPC-1) and a nucleic acid encoding the same, a genetically modified cell expressing the CAR, and squamous cell carcinoma using the cell And / or methods for prevention and cell preparations.
- CAR chimeric antigen receptor
- Squamous cell carcinoma is a common form of cancer and is known as a very invasive and metastatic cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is relatively recurrent and results in significant mortality. Although squamous cell carcinoma can be diagnosed by biopsy, it is typically less clear than basal cell carcinoma or melanoma, making it difficult to detect and diagnose. Traditional treatment methods, ie surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy require continuous monitoring because the disease is metastatic. Therefore, development of another detection method and treatment method is desired.
- Non-Patent Document 1 there is a therapeutic method using CAR-T cells prepared by preparing an antibody against a molecule specifically expressed in cancer cells and introducing the gene of the variable region of the antibody into the T cell. 1). So far, anti-CD19-CAR-T cells have shown a dramatic clinical effect mainly on lymphocytic leukemia (Patent Document 1). However, it is only treatment for lymphocytic leukemia using the above-mentioned anti-CD19-CAR-T cells that CAR-T cells have actually shown a sufficient clinical effect. No genetically modified T cells have been reported for CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.
- the present invention provides a nucleic acid sequence that can be used for CAR-T therapy for solid tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma, a genetically modified T cell containing the nucleic acid sequence, and squamous cell carcinoma
- the object is to provide a method of treatment and / or prevention.
- glypican-1 (GPC-1) is specifically expressed in squamous cell carcinomas such as esophageal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer, which are solid tumors, and anti-GPC-1 An antibody was produced (WO2015 / 098112). Furthermore, using this anti-GPC-1 antibody gene, an anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cell has been successfully produced.
- the inventors have found that the present invention exhibits very high cytotoxic activity and have completed the present invention.
- a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor comprising an extracellular domain that binds to glypican-1 (GPC-1), a transmembrane domain, and one or more intracellular domains, comprising at least one intracellular A nucleic acid encoding the chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the domain is an intracellular domain comprising a primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence.
- the nucleic acid according to [1] above, wherein the extracellular domain that binds to GPC-1 includes a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) of an anti-GPC-1 antibody.
- VH heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- the light chain variable region wherein the base sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region of the anti-GPC-1 antibody comprises the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 95% or more of the same base sequence having the same function
- ITMA immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activity motif
- nucleic acid according to [4] above, wherein the intracellular domain containing ITAM is derived from CD3 ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD5, CD22, CD79a, CD79b, or CD66d.
- nucleic acid according to [6] above wherein the intracellular domain containing the secondary cytoplasmic signaling sequence is arranged on the N-terminal side of the intracellular domain containing the primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence.
- intracellular domain containing the secondary cytoplasmic signaling sequence is derived from CD2, CD4, CD5, CD8 ⁇ , CD8 ⁇ , CD28, CD134, CD137, ICOS, and / or CD154.
- a vector comprising the nucleic acid according to any one of [1] to [8] above.
- [11] A cell expressing a chimeric antigen receptor that has been gene-transferred using the vector according to [10] above.
- [12] The cell according to [11] above, wherein the cell is T cell or a cell population containing T cell.
- a cell preparation comprising the cell according to [12] above for treating and / or preventing a solid tumor expressing GPC-1.
- [14] The cell preparation described in [13] above, wherein the solid tumor is squamous cell carcinoma.
- the nucleic acid according to any one of [1] to [8] above, and the chimera according to [9] in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and / or preventing a solid tumor expressing GPC-1 Use of an antigen receptor, the vector according to [10], or the cell according to [11] or [12].
- a chimeric antigen receptor useful in the field of adoptive immunity gene therapy targeting GPC-1 antigen for squamous cell carcinoma, a nucleic acid encoding the chimeric antigen receptor, and a chimeric antigen receptor are expressed.
- Cells are provided.
- Cells into which the chimeric antigen receptor of the present invention has been introduced show high specificity and cytotoxic activity for squamous cell carcinoma cells.
- FIG. 6 shows GPC-1-specific IFN- ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ production from T cells expressing immune antigen receptors.
- FIG. 5 shows GPC-1 specific IL4 and IL5 production from T cells expressing immune antigen receptors.
- FIG. 6 shows GPC-1-specific cell lysis by T cells expressing immune antigen receptors.
- FIG. 6 shows GPC-1-specific IFN- ⁇ production from T cells expressing immune antigen receptors and GPC-1-specific cell lysis by the T cells.
- FIG. 6 shows suppression of tumor cell increase in vivo in mice transplanted with human esophageal cancer cell line (TE14) by T cells expressing immune antigen receptors.
- 2 shows suppression of tumor cell increase in vivo in a mouse colon cancer cell line (MC38) transplanted with GPC-1 forcibly expressed by T cells expressing an immune antigen receptor.
- the present invention provides a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cell for treating squamous cell carcinoma that specifically expresses glypican-1 (GPC-1), and uses the cell.
- CAR-T cell chimeric antigen receptor T cell
- CAR-T cell means a T cell in which the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is expressed.
- CAR has, for example, a single-chain antibody (scFv) in which a heavy chain (VH) and a light chain (VL) of a variable region of a monoclonal antibody specific for a tumor antigen are bound on the N-terminal side, and T cell receptor (TCR)
- scFv single-chain antibody
- VH heavy chain
- VL light chain
- TCR T cell receptor
- the T cell expressing CAR recognizes a tumor antigen in the scFv region, and then the recognition signal is subsequently transmitted into the T cell via the ⁇ chain.
- a costimulatory domain may be incorporated between the scFv and the ⁇ chain in the immune antigen receptor to enhance T cell activation.
- single chain antibody means an antibody-derived single chain polypeptide that retains the ability to bind to an antigen.
- an antibody polypeptide formed by recombinant DNA technology and linking the Fv regions of immunoglobulin heavy chain (H chain) and light chain (L chain) fragments via a spacer sequence is exemplified.
- Various methods for producing scFv are known, and examples include the methods described in US Pat. No. 4,694,778; Science, 242, 423-442 (1988); Nature, 334, 54454 (1989).
- domain refers to a region within a polypeptide that is folded (folded) into a specific structure independently of other regions.
- domain is used as “extracellular domain”, “transmembrane domain”, and “intracellular domain” depending on the position in the chimeric antigen receptor molecule.
- the CAR of the present invention includes, in order from the N-terminal side, (i) an extracellular domain that binds to glypican-1 (GPC-1), (ii) a transmembrane domain, and (c) at least one intracellular domain. It is characterized by.
- the CAR of the present invention has a high expression level in the cell, and the cell expressing the CAR of the present invention has a high cell growth rate and a high amount of cytokine production, and has a GPC-1 antigen to which CAR binds on the surface. High specificity and cytotoxic activity.
- Extracellular domain The “extracellular domain that binds to glypican-1 (GPC-1)” used in the CAR of the present invention is an oligo or polypeptide that can bind to a target GPC-1 antigen.
- a domain comprising the antigen binding domain of an anti-GPC-1 antibody. This domain confers specificity to cells that express CAR by binding to and interacting with GPC-1 antigen, eg, GPC-1 antigen localized on the surface of cancer cells.
- Particularly useful extracellular domains in the present invention include antibodies (heavy chain (H chain) and light chain (L chain)), in particular, domains that bind to antigens, such as antibody Fab fragments, antibody variable regions (heavy chains).
- VH and VL can be used.
- scFv can be preferably used.
- VH and VL may be directly connected to each other in an arbitrary order, or may be indirectly connected via a spacer.
- the amino acid sequence and chain length of the spacer used for linking VH and VL are not limited, and can be appropriately adjusted and selected.
- the extracellular domain used in the present invention is any of a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 It is preferred to have scFv included in order.
- the extracellular domain of the CAR of the present invention has a property of binding to GPC-1 antigen.
- scFv of anti-GPC-1 antibody is preferable as described above.
- the anti-GPC-1 antibody derived from scFv used in the present invention may be an anti-GPC-1 antibody (PCT / JP2014 / 006455) previously produced by the present inventors, or Alternatively, a monoclonal anti-GPC-1 antibody newly prepared using a known technique using GPC-1 as an antigen may be used.
- the extracellular domain used in the present invention is further added to the extracellular domain having the property of binding to the GPC-1 antigen described above directly on the C-terminal side or indirectly through a spacer.
- Other extracellular domains may be linked.
- the extracellular domains of costimulatory molecules described later can also be used.
- the CAR of the present invention includes a transmembrane domain.
- the transmembrane domain may be derived from a natural polypeptide or may be artificially designed.
- a transmembrane domain derived from a natural polypeptide can be obtained from any membrane-bound or transmembrane protein (eg, a costimulatory molecule).
- a “costimulatory molecule” specifically binds to a costimulatory ligand on a target cell membrane, thereby causing a costimulatory response by T cells such as cell proliferation, cytolytic activity, cytokine secretion, etc.
- transmembrane domains Means a cognate binding partner on T cells that mediates
- CD2, CD4, CD5, CD8 ⁇ , CD8 ⁇ , CD28, CD134, CD137, ICOS, and CD154 transmembrane domains can be used as typical costimulatory molecules.
- artificially designed transmembrane domains are polypeptides that mainly contain hydrophobic residues such as leucine and valine.
- phenylalanine, tryptophan and valine triplets are preferably found at each end of the synthetic transmembrane domain.
- a short oligopeptide linker or polypeptide linker for example a linker consisting of an amino acid sequence of 2 to 10 in length, can be placed between the transmembrane domain and the intracellular domain described below.
- the transmembrane domain is CD28 (eg, NCBI RefSeq: NP A transmembrane domain having the sequence of amino acids 153-179) of 006130.1 can be used.
- the CAR of the present invention can arrange a spacer domain between the extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain, or between the intracellular domain and the transmembrane domain.
- the spacer domain means any oligopeptide or polypeptide that serves to link the transmembrane domain and extracellular domain and / or the transmembrane domain and intracellular domain.
- the spacer domain comprises up to 300 amino acids, preferably 10-100 amino acids, most preferably 25-50 amino acids.
- the intracellular domain used in the present invention is capable of transmitting a signal into a cell when an extracellular domain existing in the same molecule binds (interacts) with an antigen. Is a molecule.
- One of the features of the CAR of the present invention is that it contains a CD3 ⁇ intracellular domain as the intracellular domain.
- CD3 is a transmembrane polypeptide that associates with the T cell receptor (TCR) and forms the TCR-CD3 complex.
- CD3 has ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ chains as a polypeptide, and forms a heterodimer or a homodimer.
- Each polypeptide has a known base sequence and amino acid sequence. Therefore, in the present invention, information regarding the nucleotide sequence of the CD3 ⁇ intracellular domain can be obtained by searching the cDNA sequence of CD3 using a generally available nucleotide sequence database.
- the CD3 ⁇ intracellular domain may also include a variant thereof having the same function.
- mutant means any mutant comprising deletion, substitution or addition of one or several to a plurality of amino acids, and the mutant has the same function as the wild type. It is preferable to hold.
- a signal generated only through the TCR complex is often insufficient for T cell activation and may require a secondary signal (or costimulatory signal).
- Natural T cell activation acts in two different types of cytoplasmic signaling sequences: a sequence that initiates antigen-dependent primary activation via the TCR complex (primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence) and an antigen-independent manner. Are transmitted by sequences that provide secondary or costimulatory signals (secondary cytoplasmic signaling sequences).
- the CAR of the present invention contains the primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence and / or the secondary cytoplasmic signaling sequence as an intracellular domain.
- the primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence regulates the primary activation of the TCR complex.
- Primary cytoplasmic signaling sequences that stimulate activation may include a signaling motif known as an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) (see Nature, 338, 383-384, 1989).
- ITAM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
- suppressive primary cytoplasmic signaling sequences contain a signaling motif known as an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) (see J Immunol., 162, 897-902, 1999).
- ITAM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
- ITIM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
- an intracellular domain having ITAM or optionally ITIM may be used.
- Intracellular domains with ITAM that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, ITAMs derived from CD3 ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD5, CD22, CD79a, CD79b, and CD66d.
- CD3 ⁇ (NCBI RefSeq: NP 932170.1), amino acid numbers 51 to 164, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 004097.1) amino acid numbers 45 to 86, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 000130.1), amino acid numbers 201 to 244, CD3 ⁇ (NCBI RefSeq: NP) Amino acid numbers 139 to 182, and CD3 ⁇ (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 000723.1) amino acid numbers 128 to 171, CD3 ⁇ (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 000724.1) amino acid numbers 153-207, CD5 (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 055022.2), amino acid numbers 402 to 495, CD22 (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 001762.2) amino acid number 707-847, CD79a (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 001774.1) amino acid numbers 166 to 226, CD79b
- amino acid number based on the amino acid sequence information of NCBI RefSeq ID and GenBank described in this specification is a number given as a full length of each protein precursor (including signal peptide sequence and the like).
- numerator when using said specific molecule
- the chimeric antigen receptor of the present invention comprises one or more of the same or different ones containing a secondary cytoplasmic signaling sequence in addition to the intracellular domain containing the primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence. It may contain an intracellular domain.
- Intracellular domains containing secondary cytoplasmic signaling sequences that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, sequences derived from CD2, CD4, CD5, CD8 ⁇ , CD8 ⁇ , CD28, CD134, CD137, ICOS, and CD154. It is.
- CD2 NCBI RefSeq: NP 001758.2
- CD4 NCBI RefSeq: NP 06007.1
- CD5 NCBI RefSeq: NP 055022.2
- amino acid numbers 402 to 495 CD8 ⁇ (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 001759.3) amino acid numbers 207 to 235
- CD8 ⁇ GeneticBank: AAA356564
- amino acid numbers 196 to 210 CD28 (NCBI RefSeq: NP) 006130.1) amino acid numbers 181 to 220, CD137 (4-1BB, NCBI RefSeq: NP) 001552.2), amino acid numbers 214 to 255, CD134 (OX40, NCBI RefSeq: NP) 003318.1) amino acid numbers 241 to 277, ICOS (NCBI RefSeq: NP)
- peptides having the sequence of amino acid numbers 241 to 277 ICOS (
- the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) of the present invention comprises (i) an anti-GPC-1 antibody heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region (or light chain variable region) from the N-terminus to the C-terminus. And (ii) an intracellular domain, a transmembrane domain selected from CD2, CD4, CD5, CD8 ⁇ , CD8 ⁇ , CD28, CD134, CD137, ICOS, CD154, and combinations thereof And / or (iii) an intracellular domain selected from (iii) CD3 ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD5, CD22, CD79a, CD79b, and CD66d.
- the CAR of the present invention comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, (i) an anti-GPC-1 antibody heavy chain variable region (SEQ ID NO: 3) and light chain variable region (SEQ ID NO: 4) (or light chain An extracellular domain comprising a variable region and a heavy chain variable region), (ii) an intracellular domain of CD28, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain, and (iii) an intracellular domain of CD3 ⁇ (see Example 1).
- the heavy chain and light chain variable regions may also include variants having the same function.
- the term “mutant” means any mutant comprising deletion, substitution or addition of one or several to a plurality of amino acids, and the mutant has the same function as the wild type. It is preferable to hold.
- a CAR containing a plurality of intracellular domains can be linked by inserting an oligopeptide linker or a polypeptide linker between these intracellular domains.
- a linker consisting of 2 to 10 amino acids in length can be used.
- a linker having a continuous sequence of Gly-Ser can be used.
- nucleic acid encoding chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) of the present invention According to the present invention, a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence of CAR described in (1) above is provided. Unless otherwise specified, “nucleic acid (or base sequence) encoding an amino acid sequence” includes all base sequences that are degenerate from each other and encode the same amino acid sequence. As long as the nucleotide sequence encoding the protein can contain introns in some form, the phrase nucleotide sequence encoding protein and RNA can also include introns.
- a nucleic acid encoding CAR can be easily prepared from the identified CAR amino acid sequence by a conventional method. It is possible to obtain a base sequence encoding an amino acid sequence from NCBI RefSeq ID indicating the amino acid sequence of each domain described above or an Access number of GenBank, and using standard molecular biological and / or chemical procedures.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention can be prepared. For example, a nucleic acid can be synthesized based on these base sequences, and the nucleic acid of the present invention can be prepared by combining DNA fragments obtained from a cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also good.
- the nucleic acid encoding the extracellular domain used in the nucleic acid of the present invention encodes the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) encoding the heavy chain variable region of the anti-GPC-1 antibody and the light chain variable region.
- the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) is preferred.
- the base sequences encoding the heavy chain and light chain variable regions may be substantially homologous base sequences having the same function.
- substantially homologous encompasses two or more biomolecule sequences that are significantly similar to each other at the primary base sequence level.
- substantially homologous is at least about 75% identical, preferably at least about 80% identical, and more preferably at least about 85% identical or at least about 90% identical. And even more preferably means at least about 95% identical, more preferably at least about 97% identical, more preferably at least about 98% identical, more preferably at least about 99% identical. .
- the nucleic acid of the present invention can be linked to another nucleic acid so that it can be expressed under the control of an appropriate promoter.
- an appropriate promoter any of those that constitutively promote expression and those that are induced by drugs or the like (for example, tetracycline or doxorubicin) can be used.
- a promoter or other regulatory element cooperating with the transcription start site for example, a nucleic acid containing an enhancer sequence or terminator sequence may be linked.
- a gene that can serve as a marker for confirming the expression of the nucleic acid may be appropriately incorporated.
- a suitable promoter is the immediate early cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter sequence. This promoter sequence is a strong constitutive promoter sequence that can drive high level expression of any polynucleotide sequence operably linked thereto.
- CMV immediate early cytomegalovirus
- operably linked refers to a functional linkage that results in the latter expression between a regulatory sequence and a heterologous nucleic acid sequence.
- the first nucleic acid sequence when placed in a functional relationship with the second nucleic acid sequence, the first nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to the second nucleic acid sequence.
- a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects the transcription or expression of the coding sequence.
- functionally linked DNA sequences are contiguous and are within the same reading frame when two protein coding regions need to be joined.
- a suitable promoter is the elongation growth factor-1 ⁇ (EF-1 ⁇ ), simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) terminal repeat (LTR) promoter , MoMuLV promoter, avian leukemia virus promoter, Epstein-Birwiel immediate early promoter, Rous sarcoma virus promoter, and human gene promoters such as, but not limited to, actin promoter, myosin promoter, hemoglobin promoter, and creatine kinase promoter.
- Other non-limiting constitutive promoter sequences can also be used.
- the present invention should not be limited to the use of constitutive promoters.
- inducible promoters are also contemplated as part of the present invention.
- the use of an inducible promoter can turn on the expression of a polynucleotide sequence to which it is operably linked when such expression is desired or turn off expression when expression is not desired.
- molecular switch that can.
- inducible promoters include, but are not limited to, metallothionein promoter, glucocorticoid promoter, progesterone promoter, and tetracycline promoter.
- the method for producing a cell expressing CAR of the present invention introduces the nucleic acid encoding CAR described in (2) above into a cell. Process. This step is performed ex vivo. For example, it can be produced by transforming cells in vitro using a viral vector or non-viral vector containing the nucleic acid of the present invention.
- a mammal for example, a human-derived cell or a cell derived from a non-human mammal such as a monkey, mouse, rat, pig, cow, or dog can be used.
- a cell used for the method of this invention Arbitrary cells can be used.
- cells collected, isolated, purified and derived from blood peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, etc.
- body fluids such as bone marrow, tissues or organs can be used.
- PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- immune cells eg dendritic cells, B cells, hematopoietic stem cells, macrophages, monocytes, NK cells or blood cells (neutrophils, basophils)
- cord blood mononuclear Spheres fibroblasts, preadipocytes, hepatocytes, skin keratinocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose stem cells, various cancer cell lines or neural stem cells
- T cells T cell progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocyte progenitor cells, etc.) or cell populations containing these.
- T cells include CD8 positive T cells, CD4 positive T cells, regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.
- Cell populations containing T cells and / or T cell progenitors include PBMC.
- the cells may be any of those collected from a living body, those obtained by cultivating the cells, or those established as a cell line. When it is desired to transplant a cell expressing the produced CAR or a cell differentiated from the cell into a living body, it is preferable to introduce a nucleic acid into the cell itself or a cell collected from the same kind of living body.
- the nucleic acid encoding the CAR of the present invention can be inserted into a vector and the vector can be introduced into a cell.
- retrovirus vectors including oncoretrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, pseudotype vectors
- adenovirus vectors including oncoretrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, pseudotype vectors
- AAV adeno-associated virus
- simian virus vectors vaccinia virus vectors or Sendai virus vectors
- Epstein-Bar Viral vectors such as viral (EBV) vectors and HSV vectors
- ESV Epstein-Bar Viral vectors
- those lacking replication ability are preferable so that they cannot self-replicate in infected cells.
- Non-viral vectors are also used in the present invention in combination with liposomes and condensing agents such as cationic lipids described in WO96 / 10038, WO97 / 18185, WO97 / 25329, WO97 / 30170 and WO97 / 31934. be able to.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention can be introduced into cells by calcium phosphate transfection, lipofection, DEAE-dextran, electroporation, and particle bombardment.
- retroviral particles when a retroviral vector is used, an appropriate packaging cell is selected based on the LTR sequence and the packaging signal sequence possessed by the vector, and retroviral particles are prepared and used. Can do. For example, PG13 (ATCC CRL-10686), PA317 (ATCC CRL-9078), GP + E-86 and GP + envAm-12 (US Pat. No. 5,278,056), Psi-Crip (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA) , Vol. 85, p. 6460-6464 (1988)). Retroviral particles can also be produced using 293 cells or 293T cells with high transfection efficiency. Retroviral vectors produced based on many types of retroviruses and packaging cells that can be used for packaging the vectors are widely available from various companies.
- a functional substance that improves the introduction efficiency can also be used (for example, WO95 / 26200, WO00 / 01836).
- substances that improve the introduction efficiency include substances that have an activity of binding to viral vectors, such as fibronectin or fibronectin fragments.
- a fibronectin fragment having a heparin binding site for example, a fragment commercially available as retronectin (RetroNectin, CH-296, Takara Bio) can be used.
- retronectin Rostin, CH-296, Takara Bio
- polybrene, fibroblast growth factor, type V collagen, polylysine, or DEAE-dextran which is a synthetic polycation having an effect of improving the infection efficiency of retrovirus cells, can be used.
- Cells expressing the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) of the present invention are introduced and expressed by the nucleic acid encoding the CAR of (2) above by the production method of (3) above. Cells.
- the cell of the present invention is activated by transmitting a signal into the cell by binding to a specific antigen via CAR.
- Activation of cells that express CAR varies depending on the type of host cell and / or the intracellular domain of CAR. For example, confirmation of cytokine release, improvement of cell proliferation rate, changes in cell surface molecules, etc. as indicators Can do.
- the release of cytotoxic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin, etc.) from activated cells results in the destruction of target cells that express the antigen (specifically, squamous cell carcinoma cells).
- other immune cells such as B cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, macrophages are stimulated by cytokine release and changes in cell surface molecules.
- a cell expressing a chimeric antigen receptor is used to treat and / or prevent a disease.
- CAR chimeric antigen receptor
- cell preparations and pharmaceutical compositions can be provided.
- treatment includes alleviation of symptoms or associated symptoms characteristic of the target disease (mildness), prevention or delay of deterioration of symptoms, etc. Is also included.
- prevention refers to preventing or delaying the onset / onset of a disease (disorder) or its symptoms, or reducing the risk of onset / onset.
- the cell preparation of the present invention contains the cell of the present invention expressing CAR as an active ingredient, and may further contain a suitable excipient and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains an effective amount of the nucleic acid, CAR, vector, and / or cell of the present invention as an active ingredient, and further contains a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and the like. But you can. Excipients included in the cell preparation and pharmaceutical composition include various cell culture media, phosphate buffered saline, isotonic saline and the like.
- Examples of diseases that can be treated by cells that express CAR include solid tumors that specifically express GPC-1, and more specifically, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, brain tumor, and various squamous cell carcinoma cancers. is there.
- Squamous cell carcinoma includes, but is not limited to, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer.
- the treatment target having the disease is not limited, but mammals such as primates, humans, dogs, cats, cows, horses, pigs, sheep, and the like are intended, and preferably humans.
- the therapeutically effective amount of the cell preparation of the present invention is administered to the patient.
- “effective amount” means an amount that provides a therapeutic or prophylactic benefit.
- the route of administration is not limited, but parenteral administration, for example, by injection or infusion, intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, intraarterial, intravenous, Examples include administration into tumors or imported lymphatic vessels.
- Example 1 Preparation of Anti-GPC-1-CAR Gene-Loaded Virus Vector
- the base sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region of the anti-GPC-1 antibody is based on a pharmaceutical platform that is one of the applicants. It was identified from the base sequence information of the heavy chain and light chain parts of a monoclonal anti-GPC-1 antibody (WO2015 / 098112) produced using chickens at the Institute of Health and Nutrition.
- a double-stranded DNA of Kozak sequence-LS (leader sequence) -VL-linker-VH sequence (Type A) or -LS-VH-linker-VL sequence (Type B) is synthesized, and a CAR expression vector (pMS3-F) (Fig. 1).
- This recombinant retroviral vector was transfected into G3T-hi cells together with pGP vector and pE-Eco vector to prepare a retroviral vector solution for infection.
- This solution was infected with PG13 cells (GaLV env.) To produce producer cells. From these cells, anti-GPC-1-CAR gene-loaded retroviral vector solutions (two types of Type A and Type B) were prepared.
- Example 2 Preparation of anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells Blood was collected from humans and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated using Lymphoprep (Axis-Shield # 1114544). The separated PBMC, in AIM-V (Life Technologies # 087-0112DK ) + 10% human AB serum (Gemini # 100-512), were prepared at a cell concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 6 / 2ml / well . Human rIL2 (500 IU / ml) and anti-human CD3 antibody (OKT-3) (50 ng / ml) were added, seeded on 24-well plates, and cultured at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 for 2 days.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- Retronectin (Takara Bio # T100B) (1 mg / ml) 10 ⁇ L + PBS 400 uL / well was placed in another no-treatment 24-well plate (BD # 351147) and allowed to stand overnight at 4 ° C. On the next day, this retronectin-coated plate was washed with 1 ml of PBS, developed with 3% BSA / PBS at 500 uL / well, allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then washed with 1 ml of PBS.
- the retroviral vector solution (Type A or Type B) carrying the anti-GPC-1-CAR gene prepared in Example 1 was diluted 2 to 5 times and added to the plate coated with retronectin at 1 ml / well.
- the plate was centrifuged at 3044 rpm and 32 ° C. for 2 hours to adsorb the virus to retronectin on the bottom of the plate. After centrifugation, except virus solution was added PBMC cultured 2 days earlier with 5 ⁇ 10 5 / 500 ⁇ L (AIM -V + 10% human AB serum) / well, was added human rIL2 (500IU / ml). After centrifugation at 2153 rpm for 10 minutes, cultivation was started at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . The next day, 1.5 ml of AIM-V + 10% human AB serum and human rIL2 (500 IU / ml) were added. Thereafter, each time the cells became confluent, the number of wells to be cultured was doubled.
- Example 3 IFN- ⁇ production test After infecting human activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a retroviral vector (Type A or Type B) carrying the GPC-1-CAR gene, anti-human CD8 antibody, anti-human CD4 antibody, anti-antibody Staining was performed using chicken IgY antibody to confirm the expression of GPC-1-CAR (FIG. 2). Next, CD8 positive anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells and CD4 positive anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells were separated using a cell sorter.
- a retroviral vector Type A or Type B carrying the GPC-1-CAR gene
- anti-human CD8 antibody, anti-human CD4 antibody, anti-antibody Staining was performed using chicken IgY antibody to confirm the expression of GPC-1-CAR (FIG. 2).
- CD8 positive anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells and CD4 positive anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells were separated using a cell sorter.
- T cells 1-2 ⁇ 10 5 cells
- GPC-1 forced expression cell line LK-GPC1 (G11)
- GPC-1 non-expressing cell line LK-MOCK
- IFN- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , IL-4, and IL-5 were measured by ELISA.
- Production of IFN- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , IL-4, and IL-5 from genetically modified T cells was GPC-1 specific and highly expressed (see FIGS. 3 and 4).
- Example 4 Cytotoxicity test As a target cell, a GPC-1 forced expression cell line (LK-GPC1 (G11)) or a GPC-1 non-expressing cell line (LK-MOCK) was labeled with Calcein-AM, and then 5 ⁇ 10 3 cells were seeded on 96-well plates. 40-fold, 20-fold, 10-fold, 5-fold, and 2.5-fold CD8-positive anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells or CD4-positive anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells were added as effector cells. After incubation for 4 hours, Calcein-AM in the supernatant was measured with a fluorimeter, and the percentage of cells damaged by T cells was calculated. Compared to Mock, anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells lysed cells at a very high rate specifically for GPC-1 (FIG. 5).
- Example 5 Recognition and killing effect of esophageal cancer cells by anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells Using the test methods described in Examples 3 and 4, an esophageal cancer cell line ("TE8") expressing GPC-1 And anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells were recognized and killed. Examples of tests other than esophageal cancer cell lines include GPC-1 forced expression cell lines ("LK2-GPC1 (G11)” and “LK2-GPC1 (G52)”), GPC-1 non-expressing cell lines (“LK-MOCK ( E4) ”, and a system without the addition of anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells (“ no stimulator ”). As shown in FIG.
- control T cells control T cells
- no T cells without stimulation by T cells
- the cytotoxicity test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 4 using “TE8” and “LK2-MOCK” among the cells to be tested.
- TE8 expressing GPC-1
- the ratio of anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells added increases, the lysis rate of TE8 increases, and anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells Cells were specifically lysed (FIG. 6B).
- control T cells control T cells
- GPC-1 non-expressing cell line (“LK-MOCK”) were used as added cells, cell lysis was not observed. (FIG. 6C).
- Example 6 Treatment Model of Human Esophageal Cancer Cell Line Human esophageal cancer cell line TE14 (3 ⁇ 10 6 cells) was subcutaneously transplanted into NOG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rggtm1Sug / Jic) mice (each group). After 9 days (confirmation of TE14 engraftment), 2.5 ⁇ 10 7 anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells or activated T cells not transfected with the CAR gene (negative control group) each It was administered intraperitoneally. Over time, the tumor volume (mm 3 ) in each mouse was calculated by calculating the major axis ⁇ minor axis ⁇ minor axis / 2, and the results are shown in FIG.
- the negative control group is a system administered with activated T cells into which the CAR gene has not been introduced, and the tumor volume increases with time (FIG. 7A).
- “aGPC-1-CAR-T 1 ”and“ aGPC-1-CAR-T 2 represents “GPC-1-CAR” described in FIG. LH "and" GPC-1-CAR It can be seen that when these cells are used, the increase in tumor volume is suppressed (FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively).
- FIG. 7D shows the change in tumor volume in each group as mean ⁇ standard deviation. It can be seen that in any system to which anti-GPC-1-CAR-T cells were added, the increase in tumor volume was significantly suppressed as compared to the negative control group.
- Example 7 GPC-1 Forced Expression Mouse Colon Cancer Cell Line Treatment Model GPC-1 of the Present Invention Since the CAR gene can recognize human and mouse GPC-1, in the following, a therapeutic experiment was conducted using mouse cells.
- Mouse GPC-1 was introduced into mouse colon cancer cell line MC38 using a lentiviral vector to produce a forced expression line (MC38-GPC-1).
- An ecotropic retroviral vector of GPC-1-CAR gene was prepared using the plasmid shown in FIG. 1, and mouse GPC-1-CAR-T cells were prepared.
- mouse spleen cells (2 ⁇ 10 6 cells) were completely RPMI 1640 medium containing ConA (2 ⁇ g / ml), mouse IL-7 (1 ng / ml), human IL-2 (500 IU / ml) ( Final concentration 10% FCS, 10 mM HEPES, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1% MEM NEAA (Non-essential amino acids) (Gibco, # 11140-050) in basal medium RPMI 1640, 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.05 mM 2-mercapto Activated for 24 hours to prepare activated mouse T cells.
- the GPC-1-CAR gene (“GPC-1-CAR” in FIG.
- the prepared CAR-T cells were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 medium containing human IL-2 (500 IU / mL), and cultured for 5 to 7 days while the wells were doubled each time the cells became confluent.
- the introduction efficiency of the GPC-1-CAR gene was about 20%.
- 5 ⁇ 10 5 MC38-GPC-1 were subcutaneously implanted into C57BL / 6 mice, and radiation was irradiated at 5 Gy 3 days later (engraftment was confirmed).
- the previously prepared GPC-1-CAR-T cells (2 ⁇ 10 7 cells) were intraperitoneally administered. From the same day, IL2 was intraperitoneally administered twice a day for 3 consecutive days (50000 IU / mouse / time).
- FIG. 8A and 8B show the change in tumor volume for each mouse in the negative control group and the GPC-1-CAR-T cell administration group, respectively
- FIG. 8C shows the change in tumor volume in each group as the mean ⁇ standard. It is expressed as a deviation.
- FIG. 8C it can be seen that the increase in tumor volume is significantly suppressed in the mice administered with GPC-1-CAR-T cells as compared with the control group.
- mice were not affected at all by side effects, and an antitumor effect was observed only in cancer model animals. Since the above model is an in vivo model in which the immune system functions normally, it can be said that it reproduces the human clinical scene. Such an experimental system cannot be constructed with other CRT-T cells.
- the chimeric antigen receptor of the present invention and genetically modified cells that express the same are useful for the treatment and / or prevention of solid tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma without side effects.
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Abstract
Description
[1]グリピカン-1(GPC-1)に結合する細胞外ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン及び1つ又は複数個の細胞内ドメインを含むキメラ抗原受容体をコードする核酸であって、少なくとも1つの細胞内ドメインが、一次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインである、上記キメラ抗原受容体をコードする核酸。
[2]GPC-1に結合する細胞外ドメインが、抗GPC-1抗体の重鎖可変領域(VH)と軽鎖可変領域(VL)を含む、上記[1]に記載の核酸。
[3]抗GPC-1抗体の重鎖可変領域をコードする塩基配列が配列番号1に記載の塩基配列又は同一の機能を有する、95%以上の同一の塩基配列を含み、及び軽鎖可変領域をコードする塩基配列が配列番号2に記載の塩基配列又は同一の機能を有する、95%以上の同一の塩基配列を含む、上記[2]に記載の核酸。
[4]一次細胞質シグナル伝達配列が、免疫受容体チロシンベース活性モチーフ(ITMA)を含む、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の核酸。
[5]ITAMを含む細胞内ドメインが、CD3ζ、FcRγ、FcRβ、CD3γ、CD3δ、CD3ε、CD5、CD22、CD79a、CD79b、又はCD66d由来である、上記[4]に記載の核酸。
[6]キメラ抗原受容体が、二次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む、同一又は異なっている、1つ又は複数個の細胞内ドメインをさらに含む、上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の核酸。
[7]二次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインが、一次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインのN末端側に配置される、上記[6]に記載の核酸。
[8]二次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインが、CD2、CD4、CD5、CD8α、CD8β、CD28、CD134、CD137、ICOS、及び/又はCD154由来である、上記[6]又は[7]に記載の核酸。
[9]上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の核酸によってコードされたキメラ抗原受容体。
[10]上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の核酸を含むベクター。
[11]上記[10]に記載のベクターを用いて遺伝子導入されたキメラ抗原受容体を発現する細胞。
[12]細胞がT細胞又はT細胞を含有する細胞集団である、上記[11]に記載の細胞。
[13]GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防するための、上記[12]に記載の細胞を含む細胞製剤。
[14]固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、上記[13]に記載の細胞製剤。
[15]上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の核酸、[9]に記載のキメラ抗原受容体、[10]に記載のベクター、又は[11]若しくは[12]に記載の細胞と、医薬として許容される賦形剤とを含む医薬組成物。
[16]GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防するための、上記[15]に記載の医薬組成物。
[17]固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、上記[16]に記載の医薬組成物。
[18]GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防するための薬剤の製造における、上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の核酸、[9]に記載のキメラ抗原受容体、[10]に記載のベクター、又は[11]若しくは[12]に記載の細胞の使用。
[19]固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、上記[18]に記載の使用。
[20]治療を必要とする対象に、上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の核酸、[9]に記載のキメラ抗原受容体、[10]に記載のベクター、[11]若しくは[12]に記載の細胞、[13]若しくは[14]に記載の細胞製剤、又は[15]~[17]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物を投与することを特徴とする、GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防する方法。
[21]固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、上記[20]に記載の方法。
本発明のCARは、N末端側から順に、(i)グリピカン-1(GPC-1)に結合する細胞外ドメイン、(ii)膜貫通ドメイン、及び(c)少なくとも1つの細胞内ドメインを含むことを特徴とする。本発明のCARは、細胞において発現量が高く、本発明のCARを発現する細胞は、細胞の増殖率、サイトカインの産生量が高く、CARが結合するGPC-1抗原を表面に有する細胞に対して高い特異性と細胞傷害活性を有する。
本発明のCARに使用される「グリピカン-1(GPC-1)に結合する細胞外ドメイン」は、標的とするGPC-1抗原に結合することができるオリゴ又はポリペプチドを含むドメインであり、典型的には、抗GPC-1抗体の抗原結合ドメインが含まれる。このドメインは、GPC-1抗原、例えば、癌細胞表面に局在するGPC-1抗原と結合し、相互作用することにより、CARを発現する細胞に特異性を付与する。本発明において、特に有用な細胞外ドメインとしては、抗体(重鎖(H鎖)及び軽鎖(L鎖))、特に、抗原に結合するドメイン、例えば、抗体Fabフラグメント、抗体可変領域(重鎖可変領域(VH)及び軽鎖可変領域(VL))を使用することができる。特にscFvが好適に使用できる。また、scFvにおいて、VH及びVLを互いに任意の順で直接的に連結させたものであってもよく、又はスペーサーを介して間接的に連結させたものであってもよい。ここで、VH及びVLを連結させるために使用されるスペーサーのアミノ酸配列及び鎖長は限定されず、適宜調整して選択することができる。具体的な態様において、本発明に使用される細胞外ドメインとしては、配列番号3に記載のアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変領域と配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖可変領域を任意の順番で含むscFvを有することが好ましい。
本発明のCARは、膜貫通ドメインを含む。膜貫通ドメインは、天然のポリペプチドに由来するものでもよく、人為的に設計したものでもよい。天然のポリペプチド由来の膜貫通ドメインは、任意の膜結合又は膜貫通タンパク質(例えば、共刺激分子など)から取得することができる。本明細書で使用するとき、「共刺激分子」とは、標的細胞膜上の共刺激リガンドに特異的に結合し、それによって、細胞増殖、細胞溶解活性、サイトカイン分泌などのT細胞による共刺激応答を媒介する、T細胞上の同族結合パートナーを意味する。典型的な共刺激分子として、例えば、CD2、CD4、CD5、CD8α、CD8β、CD28、CD134、CD137、ICOS、及びCD154の膜貫通ドメインを使用することができる。また、人為的に設計された膜貫通ドメインは、ロイシン及びバリンなどの疎水性残基を主に含むポリペプチドである。また、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン及びバリンのトリプレットが、合成膜貫通ドメインの各末端に見出されることが好ましい。場合により、短いオリゴペプチドリンカー又はポリペプチドリンカー、例えば長さが2~10個のアミノ酸配列からなるリンカーを、膜貫通ドメインと後述の細胞内ドメインとの間に配置することができる。
本発明に使用される細胞内ドメインは、同一分子内に存在する細胞外ドメインが、抗原と結合(相互作用)した際に、細胞内にシグナルを伝達することが可能な分子である。本発明のCARは、細胞内ドメインとしてCD3ζ細胞内ドメインを含むことを特徴の1つとする。CD3は、T細胞受容体(TCR)に会合する膜貫通型ポリペプチドであり、TCR-CD3複合体を形成する。CD3は、ポリペプチドとしてγ、δ、ε、ζ鎖を有し、ヘテロ二量体又はホモ二量体を形成する。いずれのポリペプチドも、その塩基配列及びアミノ酸配列は公知である。したがって、本発明においては、CD3ζ細胞内ドメインの塩基配列に関する情報は、一般に利用可能な塩基配列データベースを用いてCD3のcDNA配列等を検索することにより得ることができる。
本発明によれば、上記(1)に記載するCARのアミノ酸配列をコードする核酸が提供される。別段の規定がない限り、「アミノ酸配列をコードする核酸(又は塩基配列)」には、相互に縮重型であり、同じアミノ酸配列をコードするすべての塩基配列が含まれる。タンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列がある型でイントロンを含み得る限り、タンパク質及びRNAをコードするヌクレオチド配列という語句はまた、イントロンを含み得る。
本発明のCARを発現する細胞の製造方法は、上記(2)に記載するCARをコードする核酸を細胞に導入する工程を含む。該工程は、生体外(ex vivo)で実施される。例えば、本発明の核酸を含むウイルスベクター又は非ウイルスベクターを利用して、細胞を生体外で形質転換することにより製造することができる。
本発明のCARを発現する細胞は、上記(3)の製造方法により、上記(2)のCARをコードする核酸が導入及び発現された細胞である。
本発明によれば、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現する細胞は、疾患を治療及び/又は予防するために使用することができ、典型的には、細胞製剤及び医薬組成物が提供され得る。ここで、「治療」とは、標的疾患に特徴的な症状又は随伴症状を緩和すること(軽症化)、症状の悪化を阻止ないし遅延することなどが含まれ、治療の中には疾患の改善も含まれる。「予防」とは、疾病(障害)又はその症状の発症/発現を防止若しくは遅延すること、又は発症/発現の危険性を低下させることをいう。一態様において、本発明の細胞製剤は、CARを発現する本発明の細胞を活性成分として含み、さらに、適切な賦形剤などを含んでもよい。別の態様において、本発明の医薬組成物は、有効量の本発明の核酸、CAR、ベクター、及び/又は細胞を活性成分として含み、さらに、適切な医薬として許容される賦形剤などを含んでもよい。該細胞製剤及び医薬組成物に含まれる賦形剤には、種々の細胞培養培地、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、等張食塩水などが挙げられる。CARを発現する細胞等によって治療対象となり得る疾患としては、GPC-1を特異的に発現している固形腫瘍が挙げられ、より具体的には、膵癌、乳癌、脳腫瘍及び各種扁平上皮癌がんである。扁平上皮癌としては、限定されないが、食道癌、肺癌、子宮頸癌が含まれる。該疾患を有する治療対象は、限定されないが、霊長類、ヒト、イヌ、ネコ、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ、ヒツジなどの哺乳動物が意図され、好ましくはヒトである。上記疾患の治療においては、本発明の治療有効量の細胞製剤が患者に投与される。本明細書で使用するとき、「有効量」とは、治療的又は予防的な利点を提供する量を意味する。なお、投与経路としては、当業者が認識するように、限定されないが、非経口投与、例えば、注射又は注入により、皮内、筋肉内、皮下、腹腔内、鼻腔内、動脈内、静脈内、腫瘍内、又は輸入リンパ管内などに投与することが挙げられる。
抗GPC-1抗体の重鎖可変領域(VH)及び軽鎖可変領域をコードする塩基配列は、出願人の一人である医薬基盤・健康・栄養研究所でニワトリを用いて作製されたモノクローナル抗GPC-1抗体(WO2015/098112)の重鎖及び軽鎖部分の塩基配列情報より特定した。Kozak配列-LS(leader sequence)-VL-linker-VH配列(TypeA)又は、-LS-VH-linker-VL配列(TypeB)の二本鎖DNAを合成し、CAR発現用ベクター(pMS3-F)にクローニングした(図1)。この組換えレトロウイルスベクターを、pGPベクター、pE-Ecoベクターと共にG3T-hi細胞にトランスフェクションし、感染用レトロウイルスベクター溶液を調製した。この溶液をPG13細胞(GaLV env.)に感染させ、プロデューサー細胞を作製した。この細胞より、抗GPC-1-CAR遺伝子搭載レトロウイルスベクター溶液(TypeAとTypeBの2種類)を調製した。
ヒトより採血し、末梢血単核球(PBMC)を、Lymphoprep(Axis-Shield社 # 1114544)を用いて分離した。分離したPBMCを、AIM-V(Life Technologies #087-0112DK)+10%ヒトAB血清(Gemini #100-512)に、2×106/2ml/wellの細胞濃度で調製した。ヒトrIL2(500IU/ml)と抗ヒトCD3抗体(OKT-3)(50ng/ml)を添加し、24-wellプレートに播種し、37℃、5%CO2で2日間培養した。翌日、別のノートリートメント24wellプレート(BD #351147)にレトロネクチン(タカラバイオ #T100B)(1mg/ml)10μL+PBS400uL/wellを入れ、4℃にて一晩静置した。その翌日、このレトロネクチンをコートしたプレートを、PBS 1mlで洗浄後、3%BSA/PBSを500uL/wellで展開し、室温にて30分静置後、PBS 1mlで洗浄した。実施例1で調製した抗GPC-1-CAR遺伝子を担持したレトロウイルスベクター溶液(Type A又はType B)を2~5倍に希釈し、レトロネクチンをコートしたプレートに、1ml/wellで添加した。このプレートを3044rpm、32℃、2時間遠心し、ウイルスをプレート底面のレトロネクチンに吸着させた。遠心後、ウイルス溶液を除き、先の2日間培養したPBMCを5×105/500μL(AIM-V+10%ヒトAB血清)/wellで添加し、ヒトrIL2(500IU/ml)を加えた。2153rpmで10分遠心後、37℃、5%CO2で培養を開始した。翌日、AIM-V+10%ヒトAB血清1.5mlとヒトrIL2(500IU/ml)を添加した。以後、細胞がコンフルエントになるたびに、培養するwellの数を倍量に増やした。
GPC-1-CAR遺伝子を担持したレトロウイルスベクター(TypeA又はTypeB)をヒト活性化末梢血単核球に感染後、抗ヒトCD8抗体、抗ヒトCD4抗体、抗ニワトリIgY抗体を用いて染色し、GPC-1-CARの発現を確認した(図2)。次に、セルソーターを用いてCD8陽性抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞及びCD4陽性抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞をそれぞれ分離した。これらのT細胞(1~2×105cell)とGPC-1強制発現細胞株(LK-GPC1(G11))又はGPC-1非発現細胞株(LK-MOCK)(1×105cell)を200μlのAIM-V+10%ヒトAB血清に懸濁し、96wellプレートに播種した。24時間後、培養上清を回収し、ELISA法でIFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-5の濃度を測定した。遺伝子改変されたT細胞からのIFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、及びIL-5の産生は、GPC-1特異的であり、高発現であった(図3及び図4参照)。
ターゲット細胞として、GPC-1強制発現細胞株(LK-GPC1(G11))又はGPC-1非発現細胞株(LK-MOCK)をCalcein-AMで標識した後、5×103cellを96wellプレートに播種した。そこに、40倍、20倍、10倍、5倍、2.5倍量のCD8陽性抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞又はCD4陽性抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞をエフェクター細胞として加え、4時間培養後、上清中のCalcein-AMを蛍光光度計で測定し、T細胞によって傷害された細胞の割合を計算した。Mockと比較して、抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞は、GPC-1特異的に細胞を非常に高い割合で溶解した(図5)。
実施例3及び4に記載の試験方法を用いて、GPC-1を発現する食道癌細胞株(「TE8」及び「TE14」)に対する抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞の認識及び殺傷効果について検討した。食道癌細胞株以外の試験例として、GPC-1強制発現細胞株(「LK2-GPC1(G11)」及び「LK2-GPC1(G52)」)、GPC-1非発現細胞株(「LK-MOCK(E4)」、及び抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞の添加なしの系(「no stimulator」)を用いた。図6Aに示されるように、GPC-1を発現する細胞(「TE8」、「TE14」、「LK2-GPC1(G11)」、及び「LK-GPC1(G52)」)に対しては、抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞はIFN-γを産生させた。一方、陰性対照として使用した「LK2-MOCK(E4)」及び「no stimulator」では、抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞によるIFN-γ産生は見られなかった。また、抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞ではなく、対照T細胞(「control T cells」)及びT細胞による刺激なし「no T cells」では、いずれもIFN-γ産生は見られなかった。このことから、抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞によるIFN-γ産生誘導は、GPC-1特異的であることが分かる。
ヒト食道癌細胞株TE14(3×106個)をNOG(NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug/Jic)マウス(各群)に皮下移植した。9日後(TE14の生着を確認している)に、抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞又はCAR遺伝子を導入していない活性化T細胞(陰性対照群)をそれぞれ2.5×107個腹腔内投与した。経時的に、各マウスにおける腫瘍体積(mm3)を長径×短径×短径/2で計算して求め、結果を図7に示す。陰性対照群は、CAR遺伝子を導入していない活性化T細胞が投与された系であり、経時的に腫瘍体積が増加している(図7A)。一方、抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞を投与した系に関して、「aGPC-1-CAR-T 1」及び「aGPC-1-CAR-T 2は、それぞれ、図2に記載の「GPC-1-CAR L-H」及び「GPC-1-CAR H-L」に相当し、これらの細胞を用いた場合、腫瘍体積の増加が抑制されていることが分かる(それぞれ、図7A及び7B)。図7Dは、それぞれの群における腫瘍体積の変化を平均±標準偏差として表したものである。抗GPC-1-CAR-T細胞を添加したいずれの系の場合にも、陰性対照群と比較して、腫瘍体積の増加が顕著に抑制されていることが分かる。
本発明のGPC-1 CAR遺伝子は、ヒトとマウスのGPC-1を認識することができるため、以下では、マウスの細胞を用いて治療実験を行った。マウス大腸癌細胞株MC38にレンチウイルスベクターを用いてマウスGPC-1を遺伝子導入し、強制発現株を作製した(MC38-GPC-1)。図1に示すプラスミドを用いて、GPC-1-CAR遺伝子のエコトロピックレトロウイルスベクターを作製し、マウスGPC-1-CAR-T細胞を作製した。具体的には、まず、マウス脾臓細胞(2×106個)をConA(2μg/ml)、マウスIL-7(1ng/ml)、ヒトIL-2(500IU/ml)を含む完全RPMI1640培地(基礎培地RPMI1640に最終濃度10%FCS、10mM HEPES、1mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、1%MEM NEAA(Non-essential amino acids)(Gibco社、#11140-050)、2mM L-グルタミン、0.05mM 2-メルカプトエタノールを添加した)で24時間培養し、活性化マウスT細胞を作製した。次に、前述のレトロウイルスを用いて、この活性化マウスT細胞にGPC-1-CAR遺伝子(図2の「GPC-1-CAR L-H」)を導入し、GPC-1-CAR-T細胞を作製した。導入方法は、実施例2に記載した手順による。ただし、レトロネクチンコートプレートの1ウェルに入れる活性化マウスT細胞数を2×106個とした。感染後、ヒトIL-2(500IU/mL)、抗マウスCD3抗体(1μg/mL)、抗マウスCD28抗体(1μg/mL)を含む完全RPMI1640培地で培養し、翌日同様の手順でもう一回行った。その後、作製したCAR-T細胞はヒトIL-2(500IU/mL)を含む完全RPMI1640培地で培養し、細胞がコンフルエントになるたびに、ウェルを倍々に増やしながら、5~7日間培養した。なお、GPC-1-CAR遺伝子の導入効率は20%程度であった。次に、C57BL/6マウスに5×105個のMC38-GPC-1を皮下移植し、3日後(生着を確認している。)に、放射線を5Gy照射した。その後、前述の作製したGPC-1-CAR-T細胞(2×107個)を腹腔内投与した。同日より、1日2回、連続3日間、IL2を腹腔内投与した(50000IU/マウス/回)。陰性対照群には、CAR遺伝子を導入していない活性化T細胞が投与された。各マウスにおける腫瘍体積(mm3)を長径×短径×短径/2で計算して求めた。各群における腫瘍体積の変化を経時的に記録した結果を図8に示す。図8A及び8Bは、それぞれ、陰性対照群及びGPC-1-CAR-T細胞投与群のマウス個体ごとの腫瘍体積の変化を示し、図8Cは、それぞれの群における腫瘍体積の変化を平均±標準偏差として表したものである。図8Cの結果から明らかなように、対照群と比較して、GPC-1-CAR-T細胞を投与されたマウスでは、腫瘍体積の増加が顕著に抑制されていることが分かる。また、正常マウスには、副作用などの影響が全くなく、癌モデル動物でのみ抗腫瘍効果が観察された。なお、上記のモデルは、免疫系が正常に機能しているインビボのモデルであるため、ヒトの臨床場面を再現していると言える。このような実験系は、他のCRT-T細胞では構築することはできない。
Claims (21)
- グリピカン-1(GPC-1)に結合する細胞外ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン及び1つ又は複数個の細胞内ドメインを含むキメラ抗原受容体をコードする核酸であって、少なくとも1つの細胞内ドメインが、一次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインである、上記キメラ抗原受容体をコードする核酸。
- GPC-1に結合する細胞外ドメインが、抗GPC-1抗体の重鎖可変領域(VH)と軽鎖可変領域(VL)を含む、請求項1に記載の核酸。
- 抗GPC-1抗体の重鎖可変領域をコードする塩基配列が配列番号1に記載の塩基配列又は同一の機能を有する、95%以上の同一の塩基配列を含み、及び軽鎖可変領域をコードする塩基配列が配列番号2に記載の塩基配列又は同一の機能を有する、95%以上の同一の塩基配列を含む、請求項2に記載の核酸。
- 一次細胞質シグナル伝達配列が、免疫受容体チロシンベース活性モチーフ(ITMA)を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の核酸。
- ITAMを含む細胞内ドメインが、CD3ζ、FcRγ、FcRβ、CD3γ、CD3δ、CD3ε、CD5、CD22、CD79a、CD79b、又はCD66d由来である、請求項4に記載の核酸。
- キメラ抗原受容体が、二次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む、同一又は異なっている、1つ又は複数個の細胞内ドメインをさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の核酸。
- 二次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインが、一次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインのN末端側に配置される、請求項6に記載の核酸。
- 二次細胞質シグナル伝達配列を含む細胞内ドメインが、CD2、CD4、CD5、CD8α、CD8β、CD28、CD134、CD137、ICOS、及び/又はCD154由来である、請求項6又は7に記載の核酸。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の核酸によってコードされたキメラ抗原受容体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の核酸を含むベクター。
- 請求項10に記載のベクターを用いて遺伝子導入されたキメラ抗原受容体を発現する細胞。
- 細胞がT細胞又はT細胞を含有する細胞集団である、請求項11に記載の細胞。
- GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防するための、請求項12に記載の細胞を含む細胞製剤。
- 固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、請求項13に記載の細胞製剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の核酸、請求項9に記載のキメラ抗原受容体、請求項10に記載のベクター、又は請求項11若しくは12に記載の細胞と、医薬として許容される賦形剤とを含む医薬組成物。
- GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防するための、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防するための薬剤の製造における、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の核酸、請求項9に記載のキメラ抗原受容体、請求項10に記載のベクター、又は請求項11若しくは12に記載の細胞の使用。
- 固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、請求項18に記載の使用。
- 治療を必要とする対象に、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の核酸、請求項9に記載のキメラ抗原受容体、請求項10に記載のベクター、請求項11若しくは12に記載の細胞、請求項13若しくは14に記載の細胞製剤、又は請求項15~17のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物を投与することを特徴とする、GPC-1を発現している固形腫瘍を治療及び/又は予防する方法。
- 固形腫瘍が扁平上皮癌である、請求項20に記載の方法。
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