WO2016188976A2 - Transfer-material für den sublimationsdruck - Google Patents
Transfer-material für den sublimationsdruck Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016188976A2 WO2016188976A2 PCT/EP2016/061630 EP2016061630W WO2016188976A2 WO 2016188976 A2 WO2016188976 A2 WO 2016188976A2 EP 2016061630 W EP2016061630 W EP 2016061630W WO 2016188976 A2 WO2016188976 A2 WO 2016188976A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transfer material
- material according
- receiving layer
- ink
- paper
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
- B41M5/0256—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet the transferable ink pattern being obtained by means of a computer driven printer, e.g. an ink jet or laser printer, or by electrographic means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
- B41M5/035—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet by sublimation or volatilisation of pre-printed design, e.g. sublistatic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/36—Backcoats; Back layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/38—Intermediate layers; Layers between substrate and imaging layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sheet-like transfer material for the dye sublimation transfer process of an inkjet print image with a support and a color receiving layer on the front side. Consequently, it relates in particular to a transfer paper which is provided for printing with sublimable dyes by the inkjet printing process and from which, after printing, the dyes are transferred under heat to a receiving material by sublimation.
- the invention also relates to the transfer method using the transfer material.
- transfer printing methods are suitable in which a flexible sheet-like transfer material is first printed and the printed image is printed on the latter
- Transfer material applied using printing inks which are evaporated after the drying of the pressure under the action of heat and imagewise on the gas phase on the final material to be printed again.
- the sublimation inks can be advantageously applied to the transfer material by digital printing, in particular the inkjet printing process, which allows individual and personalized prints, for example on textiles.
- Drucktit Inkjet printing processes with dyes which can be transferred to the final print substrate by sublimation are described, for example, in DE 102 46 209 A1.
- the transfer material on which the first printing step takes place by means of inkjet printing technology is preferably a paper transfer material.
- EP 1 101 682 Al a coated paper is described which has a low air permeability on the side to be printed. This is to avoid that in the
- Sublimation transfer step a portion of the sublimable dyes penetrate into the porous paper interior and thus lost for transfer to the final print material.
- Such papers with a low porosity on the page to be printed take up the inkjet ink liquid only very slowly and lead to a slow drying and bleeding of the ink on the surface and thus to an unsatisfactory printing sharpness, especially at high printing speeds.
- EP 2743091 A1 describes a transfer material and proposes to coat a less air-permeable substrate with a hydrophilic polymer or a salt of a hydrophilic polymer.
- the coating may also contain an inorganic oxide filler as filler in amounts of up to 10% by weight.
- Coating solutions always form a polymer film which may have voids at low application rates and rough substrates. Fast absorption and drying of ink applied by inkjet printing with sublimable dyes is not achieved.
- Transfer paper which contains silica and a relatively small amount of binder and thus has a considerable air permeability.
- a recording of the ink liquid is achieved, but it is not a loss of sublimable dye in the paper inside during transfer to the final material to be printed prevented.
- the invention has for its object to provide a transfer paper for the inkjet printing of sublimable dyes that a fast
- This object is achieved by a transfer material for the dye sublimation transfer method of an inkjet print image with a carrier and a
- Ink receiving layer is porous and the transfer material includes a barrier layer, which is disposed either on the back of the transfer material or between the support and the porous ink-receiving layer.
- the barrier layer can be arranged either between the porous ink-receiving layer and the paper carrier or on the surface of the paper carrier opposite the ink-receiving layer.
- the invention further relates to a method for transferring an image to a surface by printing an inventive transfer material with an image by the ink-jet printing process and transfers the image by sublimation on the surface.
- the transfer papers according to the invention comprise a paper support having a porous ink-receiving layer applied on the pressure side and a barrier layer, which is disposed between the ink receiving layer and the paper support and / or preferably on the opposite side of the ink receiving layer surface of the paper support.
- the backing paper is preferably an uncoated or surface sized paper.
- the backing paper can be next to pulp fibers, sizing agents such as
- the base paper can be surface-sized. For this purpose, suitable sizing agents are
- the base paper can be produced on a Fourdrinier or a Yankee paper machine (cylinder paper machine).
- the basis weight of the base paper may be 30 to 200 g / m 2 , in particular 40 to 120 g / m 2 .
- the raw paper can be used in uncompacted or compacted form (smoothed). Particularly well suited
- the smoothing can be done in the usual way with a calendering.
- the pulp for papermaking is preferably a eucalyptus pulp with a pulp content of less than 200 ⁇ m after grinding of 10 to 35% by weight and an average fiber length of 0.5 to 0.75 mm. It has been shown that the use of a pulp with a limited proportion of fibers less than 200 ⁇ reduces the stiffness loss occurring when using filler.
- Hardwood pulps (NBHK - Northern Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulp) and softwood pulps may also be used.
- pulp fibers it is also possible to use fractions of other natural or synthetic fibers for the production of
- Carrier papers are used.
- the proportion of other fibers on the total fiber mass below 40 wt .-%, particularly preferred are proportions of other fibers below 20 wt .-%.
- fillers for sheet production for example, kaolins, calcium carbonate in its natural form such as limestone, marble or dolomite stone, precipitated calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, talc, silica,
- Alumina and mixtures thereof are used in the base paper.
- Particularly suitable is calcium carbonate with a particle size distribution in which at least 60% of the particles are smaller than 2 ⁇ and at most 40% are smaller than 1 ⁇ .
- calcite is used with a numerical particle size distribution, in which about 25% of the particles a
- Particle sizes of less than 1 ⁇ and about 85% of the particles have a particle size of less than 2 ⁇ . According to another embodiment of the
- a calcium carbonate can be used with a numerical particle size distribution, wherein at least 70%, preferably at least 80% of the
- Particles are smaller than 2 ⁇ and at most 70% of the particles are smaller than 1 ⁇ .
- One or more further layers may be arranged between the carrier paper and the ink receptive layer and / or barrier layer.
- this involves a hydrophilic binder-containing layers.
- the dye-receiving layer which is arranged on the side to be printed on the carrier paper, according to the invention is porous. It preferably contains inorganic pigment and binder. Particular preference is given to inorganic pigments having an anionic, neutral or only weakly cationic surface, such as silica,
- Calcium carbonate kaolin, talc, bentonite or aluminum oxides or
- the ink receptive layer may also be a mixture of two or more pigments contain.
- the pigments preferably have an average particle size of 100 nm to 30 ⁇ , more preferably from 200 nm to 10 ⁇ .
- the dye-receiving layer preferably additionally contains a polymeric binder, preferably a hydrophilic polymeric binder.
- the binder may be a water-soluble or water-dispersed binder. preferred
- Binders are styrene copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, modified starch, polyvinyl acetate, acrylates or polyurethane dispersoids.
- the mass ratio of pigment to binder is 100: 1 to 100: 50, preferably 100: 40 to 100: 2.
- the dye-receiving layer is preferably prepared by application of an aqueous
- Spreading applied to the paper carrier whereby all customary in the paper industry application method can be used.
- Particularly preferred is an application by means of blade, doctor blade, film press or curtain casting.
- the coating composition may contain other conventional additives such as wetting agents, thickeners, rheology aids, dyes and optical brighteners.
- Coating weight of the dye-receiving layer is preferably 1 g / m 2 to 50 g / m 2 , more preferably 3 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 .
- Color receiving layer measured according to Bendtsen, is greater than 100 ml / min, preferably 200 ml / min to 700 ml / min.
- the dye-receiving layer has pores which may have an average pore diameter of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ , preferably from 100 nm to 1.5 ⁇ and particularly preferably from 500 nm to 1 ⁇ .
- Pore diameters of porous dye-receiving layers can be determined by mercury porosimetry. The method of mercury porosimetry for
- the mercury porosimetry for determining the pore size of the dye-receiving layer was carried out with the porosimeter PASCAL 440 from Porotec / Thermo Fisher Scientific. Between the ink receiving layer and the paper carrier and / or on the back of the paper carrier, a barrier layer is arranged according to the invention.
- Barrier layer is characterized by a low permeability to air and gases as well as water vapor.
- the air permeability of the barrier layer measured according to Bendtsen, is less than 100 ml / min, preferably less than 10 ml / min.
- the barrier layer preferably contains one or more polymeric compounds.
- the barrier layer contains one or more thermoplastic polymers, wherein high-melting thermoplastic polymers such as polyester or polymethylpentene are particularly preferred. In this
- the barrier layer can be applied by the melt extrusion coating method.
- Barrier layer formed by applying an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion of one or more water-soluble or water-dispersed polymers.
- Preferred polymers are styrene copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols or polyvinyl acetate.
- the barrier layer contains polymers based on renewable raw materials, such as starch, modified starch and / or cellulose derivatives, for example
- CMC Carboxymethylcellulose
- the coating weight of the barrier layer is preferably 1 g / m 2 to 40 g / m 2 , more preferably 2 g / m 2 to 20 g / m 2 .
- the transfer material according to the invention is particularly suitable for transferring a printed image onto a surface selected from polyester fabric, polyester nonwoven fabric, a surface coated with a polyester layer or a polyester surface.
- Pulp fibers in the thin was 1 wt .-%, based on the mass of
- Pulp suspension The thinner added further additives such as a neutral sizing agent alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in an amount of 0.23 wt .-%,
- AKD neutral sizing agent alkyl ketene dimer
- Wet strength agents polyamine-polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin (Kymene ®) in an amount of 0.60 wt .-%, starch (C-Bond HR 35845] in an amount of 1.0 wt .-%, and a natural ground CaC0 3 in an amount of 15% by weight.
- the amounts given refer to the pulp mass.
- the thinstock whose pH was adjusted to about 7.5, was transferred from the head box to the wire of the paper machine, followed by sheet formation by dewatering the web in the wire section of the paper machine.
- the further dewatering of the paper web to a water content of 60 wt .-%, based on the web weight. Further drying took place in the dryer section of the
- Paper machine with heated drying cylinders The result was a base paper with a basis weight of 90 g / m 2 , a filler content of 10 wt .-% and a humidity of about 5.5%.
- the base paper is surface-sized on both sides in a size press containing 3% by weight C-Film 05731 starch from Cargill and water.
- the amount of starch applied on both sides is about 1.5 g / m 2 .
- the carrier paper thus obtained has an air permeability, measured according to the Bendtsen method according to DIN 53120-1, of 700 ml / min. 2.
- the reference material used is a commercially available transfer material with a release and barrier layer (Transjet Classic 831-100 g / m 2 ). This comparative material has no porous coating on the pressure side.
- Example 2 It is applied to the carrier paper prepared according to Example 1, the coating composition of Example 2 with a knife and dried. The dry application is 15 g / m 2 .
- Ink receiving layer and backing paper On the carrier paper of Example 1, the coating composition for the barrier layer of Example 3 is applied with a doctor blade and dried. The dry application was 5 g / m 2 . Subsequently, the coating composition from Example 2 is applied to the barrier layer thus obtained using a doctor blade and dried. The dry application of this layer is 20 g / m 2 .
- Example 2 applied with a doctor and dried.
- the dry application is 15 g / m 2 .
- Carrier paper the coating composition for the barrier layer of Example 3 was applied with a doctor blade and dried. The dry application was 5 g / m 2 .
- the resulting transfer materials were printed with a color image using the inkjet printer EPSON WP4015 with Sublijet IQ sublimation inks from Sawgrass.
- Drying after inkjet printing was evaluated by two test methods: a) smearfastness: After a defined time (fresh, 30sec, 1min, 3min, 5min), the finger is used to print over 4 full-color printing fields in the colors cyan, magenta, Yellow and black painted and the smearing of the colors rated.
- the image side of the printed transfer material is brought into contact with a Berger-Backlight satin FR + w polyester fabric, on the back side of the transfer material is additionally a sheet of office paper with a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 for evaluation the color breakdown inserted.
- a level 30 contact pressure is applied for 30 seconds according to the height indicator scale of the press. Thereafter, the tissue and the copy paper of the
- the print definition is visually and with a microscope both on the
- Transfer materials have a very good drying behavior after inkjet printing, show a high line sharpness even in the image transferred to the tissue, transfer the sublimation dye in the Sublimationsübertagungsvorgang highly to the tissue and give very little dye through the back.
- the pore size was determined using a porosimeter PASCAL 440 from Porotec / Thermo Fisher Scientific. Mercury was used as the pressure medium. The sample weight was 1.0 g, the maximum pressure was 400 MPa and the temperature was 22.7 ° C.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020177037616A KR20180008801A (ko) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | 승화 인쇄용 전사 재료 |
CN201680031079.1A CN107690389A (zh) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | 用于升华印刷的转印材料 |
JP2017561712A JP2018522758A (ja) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | 昇華印刷用の転写材料 |
EP16726062.9A EP3302991A2 (de) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | Transfer-material für den sublimationsdruck |
BR112017025584A BR112017025584A2 (pt) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | material de transferência para a impressão por sublimação |
US15/576,410 US20180154666A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | Transfer material for sublimation printing |
CONC2017/0012217A CO2017012217A2 (es) | 2015-05-28 | 2017-11-28 | Material de transferencia para la impresión por sublimación de materias colorantes con un sustrato y una capa de absorción de color |
HK18106326.2A HK1246740A1 (zh) | 2015-05-28 | 2018-05-16 | 用於升華印刷的轉印材料 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15169650.7A EP3098085A1 (de) | 2015-05-28 | 2015-05-28 | Transfer-material für den sublimationsdruck |
EP15169650.7 | 2015-05-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016188976A2 true WO2016188976A2 (de) | 2016-12-01 |
WO2016188976A3 WO2016188976A3 (de) | 2017-01-19 |
Family
ID=53264596
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/061630 WO2016188976A2 (de) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-24 | Transfer-material für den sublimationsdruck |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180154666A1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP3098085A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2018522758A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20180008801A (de) |
CN (1) | CN107690389A (de) |
BR (1) | BR112017025584A2 (de) |
CO (1) | CO2017012217A2 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1246740A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016188976A2 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110168162A (zh) * | 2017-01-25 | 2019-08-23 | 三菱制纸株式会社 | 纸印染法中使用的印染用纸 |
US11619009B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2023-04-04 | Schoeller Technocell Gmbh & Co. Kg | Prepeg with improved flatness |
US11720767B2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2023-08-08 | Felix Schoeller Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for controlling a decorative printing process |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102295248B1 (ko) | 2018-01-24 | 2021-08-27 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 중합체, 이를 포함하는 코팅 조성물 및 이를 이용한 유기 발광 소자 |
EP3590721A1 (de) | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-08 | Sihl AG | Übertragungsmedien zur übertragung von funktionellen wirkstoffen |
CN109094234A (zh) * | 2018-08-26 | 2018-12-28 | 苏州爱得拉装饰材料有限公司 | 一种聚酯纤维板热转印印花的工艺 |
WO2021085058A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | 転写捺染用紙及び転写捺染法 |
EP4053333B8 (de) | 2021-03-02 | 2024-02-21 | Felix Schoeller GmbH & Co. KG | Transfermaterial für den sublimationsdruck basierend auf papier als träger mit sperrfunktion gegenüber tinten |
DE102021118319A1 (de) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-01-19 | Koehler Innovation & Technology Gmbh | Thermosublimationspapier und bedrucktes Thermosublimationspapier |
CA3167472A1 (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-01-21 | Swm Luxembourg | Low diffusivity paper for sublimation printing |
Citations (4)
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EP1101682A1 (de) | 1999-04-21 | 2001-05-23 | Nippon Shooter Ltd. | Fördersystem |
DE10246209A1 (de) | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-15 | Basf Ag | Farbstoffzubereitungen |
US20080229962A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Matthew Warren Shedd | Sublimation transfer paper, method of making, and method for sublimation printing |
EP2743091A1 (de) | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | Martinovic Zvonimir | Verbessertes Übertragungsmedium |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5759672A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-06-02 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Transfer sheet for electrophotography |
CN1136104C (zh) * | 1998-07-29 | 2004-01-28 | W·A·桑德斯造纸科尔登霍夫有限公司 | 用于喷墨印刷的转印纸 |
JP2001277706A (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-10 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | インクジェット被記録媒体及びプリント媒体への転写記録方法 |
JP2001277707A (ja) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-10 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | インクジェット被記録媒体及びプリント媒体への転写記録方法 |
JP2002292995A (ja) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-09 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 昇華インク用インクジェット被記録媒体及び転写記録方法 |
GB0600576D0 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2006-02-22 | Ici Plc | Thermal transfer printing |
JP2008129431A (ja) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-06-05 | Fujifilm Corp | 感光性転写材料、カラーフィルタ及び表示装置 |
-
2015
- 2015-05-28 EP EP15169650.7A patent/EP3098085A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-05-24 EP EP16726062.9A patent/EP3302991A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-05-24 BR BR112017025584A patent/BR112017025584A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-05-24 JP JP2017561712A patent/JP2018522758A/ja active Pending
- 2016-05-24 KR KR1020177037616A patent/KR20180008801A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-05-24 CN CN201680031079.1A patent/CN107690389A/zh active Pending
- 2016-05-24 WO PCT/EP2016/061630 patent/WO2016188976A2/de active Application Filing
- 2016-05-24 US US15/576,410 patent/US20180154666A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2017
- 2017-11-28 CO CONC2017/0012217A patent/CO2017012217A2/es unknown
-
2018
- 2018-05-16 HK HK18106326.2A patent/HK1246740A1/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
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EP1101682A1 (de) | 1999-04-21 | 2001-05-23 | Nippon Shooter Ltd. | Fördersystem |
DE10246209A1 (de) | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-15 | Basf Ag | Farbstoffzubereitungen |
US20080229962A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Matthew Warren Shedd | Sublimation transfer paper, method of making, and method for sublimation printing |
EP2743091A1 (de) | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | Martinovic Zvonimir | Verbessertes Übertragungsmedium |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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B. THOMPSON, PRINTING MATERIALS - SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1998, pages 468 |
M.J. MOURAA; P.J. FERREIRAB; M.M. FIGUEIREDOB: "Mercury intrusion porosimetry in pulp and paper technology", POWDER TECHNOLOGY, vol. 160, no. 2, 2005, pages 61 - 66 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110168162A (zh) * | 2017-01-25 | 2019-08-23 | 三菱制纸株式会社 | 纸印染法中使用的印染用纸 |
US11619009B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2023-04-04 | Schoeller Technocell Gmbh & Co. Kg | Prepeg with improved flatness |
US11720767B2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2023-08-08 | Felix Schoeller Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for controlling a decorative printing process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2018522758A (ja) | 2018-08-16 |
EP3098085A1 (de) | 2016-11-30 |
EP3302991A2 (de) | 2018-04-11 |
WO2016188976A3 (de) | 2017-01-19 |
US20180154666A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
KR20180008801A (ko) | 2018-01-24 |
CN107690389A (zh) | 2018-02-13 |
CO2017012217A2 (es) | 2018-04-19 |
HK1246740A1 (zh) | 2018-09-14 |
BR112017025584A2 (pt) | 2018-08-07 |
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