WO2016187870A1 - 一种传递边缘分布的测量驱动目标跟踪方法与跟踪系统 - Google Patents
一种传递边缘分布的测量驱动目标跟踪方法与跟踪系统 Download PDFInfo
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- the invention belongs to the field of multi-sensor information fusion technology, and in particular relates to a measurement driving target tracking method and a tracking system for transmitting edge distribution.
- the multi-target Bayesian filtering method is an effective method for solving target detection and tracking.
- the multi-target Bayesian filtering method has the following two problems: First, it is necessary to wait until all the measurement data of one cycle is received before processing the measurement data, so that the sensor can be started. The measurement period is too long, and the measurement data is received at different times in one cycle. The received measurement data is not processed in time during the waiting period, which may cause serious information delay. Second, the recursion of the filter needs to know the initial position of the target. When the target initial position information cannot be obtained, the filter is difficult to use. The delay problem of information processing and the multi-target tracking problem under the initial position of unknown target are the key technical problems that multi-objective Bayesian filtering method needs to explore and solve.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a measurement driving target tracking method and a tracking system for transmitting edge distribution, aiming at solving the information delay problem caused by the newly received measurement data not being processed in time and the initial position of the unknown target.
- Multi-target tracking problem is implemented as follows:
- a measurement driven target tracking method for transmitting edge distribution includes the following steps:
- Step 1 When receiving new measurement data, calculate the time difference between the current time and the previous time, and obtain the edge distribution of the current time prediction and the existence probability according to the time difference and the edge distribution of the previous time and the existence probability thereof;
- Step 2 According to the edge distribution predicted by the current time and its existence probability, the Bayesian rule is used to sequentially process the measurement data received at the current time to obtain the current time. New edge distribution and its probability of existence;
- Step 3 Use the current time measurement data to generate the edge distribution of the new target at the current time, and assign the existence probability to it, and at the same time, the edge distribution of the new target at the current time and its existence probability are respectively updated with the current time distribution and its existence. Probabilistic merging, generating the edge distribution of the current moment and its existence probability;
- Step 4 The edge distribution with the probability of existence less than the first threshold is cut off from the edge distribution of the current time generated after the combination, and the reduced edge distribution and its existence probability are used as the recursive input of the next time filter.
- the edge distribution with the existence probability greater than the second threshold is extracted from the edge distribution after the clipping as the output of the current time, and the mean and variance of each output edge distribution are respectively used as the state estimation and the error estimation of the survival target.
- the previous time is represented by k-1, k represents the current time, t k-1 represents the time of the previous time, and t k represents the time of the current time;
- N is a Gaussian distribution
- x i,k-1 is the state of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment.
- m i,k-1 is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- P i,k-1 is the variance of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- n k-1 is the total number of the previous moment target, i Is the index number;
- the predicted edge distribution of each target at the current moment is N(x i,k ;m i,k
- k-1 ), i 1,2,...,n k-1 ;
- the existence probability of each target prediction edge distribution at the current time is ⁇ i,k
- k-1 F k-1 m i,k-1 Is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the current time;
- the surviving probability of the target; ⁇ t t k -t
- the steps of the Zeiss rule to sequentially process the measurement data received at the current time include:
- step 3 includes:
- Step 4 includes: trimming the edge distribution whose existence probability is less than the first threshold from the edge distribution of the current time generated after the combination, the reduced edge The distribution and its existence probability are used as the input of the recursive filter at the next moment.
- the edge distribution with the existence probability greater than the second threshold is extracted from the reduced edge distribution as the output of the current time.
- a measurement driven target tracking system that delivers edge distribution including:
- the prediction module when receiving the new measurement data, calculates the time difference between the current time and the previous time, and obtains the edge distribution of the current time prediction and the existence probability according to the time difference and the edge distribution of the previous time and the existence probability thereof;
- the update module performs sequential processing on the measurement data received at the current time by using the Bayes rule according to the edge distribution predicted by the current time and its existence probability, and obtains the edge distribution of the current time update and its existence probability;
- the current time edge distribution generation module generates the edge distribution of the new target at the current time by using the current time measurement data, and assigns the existence probability to the current time, and simultaneously increases the edge distribution of the new target at the current time and the existence probability thereof with the edge of the current time update.
- the distribution and its existence probability are combined to generate the edge distribution of the current moment and its existence probability;
- the edge distribution extraction module reduces the edge distribution having a probability less than the first threshold from the edge distribution of the current time generated after the merge, and distributes the edge after the reduction
- the existence probability is used as the recursive input of the next time filter.
- the edge distribution with the existence probability greater than the second threshold is extracted from the reduced edge distribution as the output of the current time, and the mean and variance of each output edge distribution are respectively taken as State estimation and error estimates for surviving targets.
- k-1 represents a previous time
- k represents a current time
- t k-1 represents a time of a previous time
- t k represents a time of the current time
- N is a Gaussian distribution
- x i,k-1 is the state of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment.
- m i,k-1 is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- P i,k-1 is the variance of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- n k-1 is the total number of the previous moment target, i Is the index number;
- the predicted edge distribution of each target at the current moment is N(x i,k ;m i,k
- k-1 ), i 1,2,...,n k-1 ;
- the existence probability of each target prediction edge distribution at the current time is ⁇ i,k
- k-1 F k-1 m i,k-1 Is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the current time;
- the surviving probability of the target; ⁇ t t k -t
- the update module is specifically used to:
- the current time edge distribution generation module is specifically configured to:
- the edge distribution extraction module is specifically configured to: cut off an edge distribution whose existence probability is less than a first threshold from an edge distribution of a current time generated after the merge, and the edge after the clipping The distribution and its existence probability are used as the input of the recursive filter at the next moment.
- the edge distribution with the existence probability greater than the second threshold is extracted from the reduced edge distribution as the output of the current time.
- the present invention has the beneficial effects of: sequentially processing the measurement data at the current time, so that the received data can be processed in time, thereby avoiding the delay of information processing and improving the real-time performance of the target tracking;
- the measurement data of the moment generates the edge distribution of the new target at the current time, and the applicability of the present invention is expanded without grasping the target initial position information.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a measurement driving target tracking method for transmitting edge distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a connection block diagram of a measurement driving target tracking system for transmitting edge distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 3 is measurement data of 50 scan cycles of a sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is an average OFAC distance from existing GM-PHD and GM-CPHD filtering methods in accordance with the present invention.
- the invention obtains the edge distribution and the existence probability of the current time prediction by using the edge distribution obtained by the measurement data of the previous moment measurement data and the existence probability thereof, and sequentially processes the current time reception according to the predicted edge distribution and the existence probability by using the Bayesian rule.
- the obtained measurement data obtains the edge distribution of the current time update and its existence probability, and uses the measurement data of the current time to generate the edge distribution of the new target at the current time, so that the present invention can receive the current time without grasping the initial position of the target.
- the measured data is processed in time.
- a measurement driving target tracking method for transmitting edge distribution includes the following steps:
- Step 1 When receiving new measurement data, calculate the time difference between the current time and the previous time, and predict the edge distribution and the existence probability of the current time according to the time difference and the edge distribution of the previous time and its existence probability.
- step 1 k-1 represents the previous time, k represents the current time, t k-1 represents the time of the previous time, and t k represents the time of the current time;
- N is a Gaussian distribution
- x i,k-1 is the state of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment.
- m i,k-1 is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- P i,k-1 is the variance of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- n k-1 is the total number of the previous moment target, i Is the index number;
- the existence probability of each edge distribution at the previous moment is N(x i,k ;m i,k
- the existence probability of each edge distribution at the current time is ⁇ i,k
- k-1 F k-1 m i,k-1 , is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the current time;
- k-1 Q k-1 + F k-1 P i,k-1 F k-1 T , which is the variance of the i-th edge distribution at the current time;
- Step 2 According to the predicted edge distribution of the current time and its existence probability, the Bayesian rule is used to sequentially process the measurement data received at the current time to obtain the edge distribution and the existence probability of the current time update.
- the steps of sequentially receiving the measured data for sequential processing include:
- Step 3 Use the current time measurement data to generate the edge distribution of the new target at the current time, and assign the existence probability to it, and at the same time, the edge distribution of the new target at the current time and its existence probability are respectively updated with the current time distribution and its existence. The probabilities are combined to generate the edge distribution of the current moment and its existence probability.
- Step 3 specifically includes:
- Step 4 The edge distribution with the probability of existence less than the first threshold is cut off from the edge distribution of the current time generated after the combination, and the reduced edge distribution and its existence probability are used as the recursive input of the next time filter.
- the edge distribution with the existence probability greater than the second threshold is extracted from the edge distribution after the clipping as the output of the current time, and the mean and variance of each output edge distribution are respectively used as the state estimation and the error estimation of the survival target.
- Step 4 includes: trimming the edge distribution whose existence probability is less than the first threshold from the edge distribution of the current time generated after the combination, the edge distribution after clipping and its existence probability As the input of the recursive filter of the next time, at the same time, the edge distribution whose existence probability is greater than the second threshold is extracted from the reduced edge distribution as the output of the current time.
- the present invention further provides a measurement driving target tracking system for transmitting edge distribution, comprising: a prediction module 201, when receiving new measurement data, calculating a time difference between a current time and a previous time, and according to the time difference The edge distribution and the existence probability of the previous moment are used to predict the edge distribution of the current moment and its existence probability; the updating module 202 uses the Bayesian rule to receive the current time according to the predicted edge distribution of the current moment and its existence probability.
- the measurement data is sequentially processed to obtain an edge distribution updated at the current time and its existence probability;
- the current time edge distribution generation module 203 generates the edge distribution of the new target at the current time by using the measurement data of the current time, and specifies the existence probability thereof,
- the edge distribution of the new target at the current time and its existence probability are respectively merged with the edge distribution updated at the current time and the existence probability thereof to generate an edge distribution of the current time and its existence probability;
- the edge distribution extraction module 204 generates the generated from the combination.
- the edge distribution of the current moment will have a probability less than the first
- the edge distribution of a threshold is cut off, and the reduced edge distribution and its existence probability are used as the recursive input of the next time filter, and the edge distribution with the existence probability greater than the second threshold is extracted from the reduced edge distribution as the current
- the output of the moment, and the mean and variance of each output edge distribution are respectively used as the state estimation and error estimation of the surviving target.
- k-1 represents the previous time
- k represents the current time
- t k-1 represents the time of the previous time
- t k represents the time of the current time
- N is a Gaussian distribution
- x i,k-1 is the state of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment.
- m i,k-1 is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- P i,k-1 is the variance of the i-th edge distribution at the previous moment
- n k-1 is the total number of the previous moment target, i Is the index number;
- the existence probability of each edge distribution at the previous moment is N(x i,k ;m i,k
- the existence probability of each edge distribution at the current time is ⁇ i,k
- k-1 F k-1 m i,k-1 , is the mean of the i-th edge distribution at the current time;
- k-1 Q k-1 + F k-1 P i,k-1 F k-1 T , which is the variance of the i-th edge distribution at the current time;
- the surviving probability of the target; ⁇ t t k -t k-1 , which is the
- the predicted edge distribution at time k is N(x i,k ;m i,k
- k-1 ), i 1,2,...,n k- 1.
- the existence probability of each predicted edge distribution is ⁇ i,k
- k-1 , i 1,2,...,n k-1 ;
- the update module 202 sequentially processes each measurement data received at the current time by using a Bayes rule, and the processing method is as follows:
- the edge distribution extraction module 204 is specifically configured to: cut off the edge distribution whose existence probability is less than the first threshold from the edge distribution of the current time generated after the combination, and reduce the edge distribution and the existence probability as the next time filter recursively Input, at the same time, extract the edge distribution whose existence probability is greater than the second threshold from the reduced edge distribution as the output of the current time.
- the measurement driving target tracking method for transmitting edge distribution of the present invention sequentially processes the measurement data of the current time to obtain the edge distribution of the current time update and its existence probability, and generates the new target of the current time by using the measurement data of the current time.
- the edge distribution makes it possible to timely process the measurement data received at the current time without grasping the initial position of the target, thereby avoiding the delay of information processing, improving the real-time performance of the target tracking, and expanding the applicability of the present invention.
- a target of uniform motion in a two-dimensional space [-1000 m, 1000 m] ⁇ [-1000 m, 1000 m] is considered.
- the target state consists of position and velocity, expressed as Where x and y represent positional components, respectively.
- the process noise variance matrix is
- GM-PHD filter Gaussian Mixture probability hypothesis density filter
- Gaussian Mixture cardinalized probability hypothesis density filter Gaussian Mixture cardinalized probability hypothesis density filter
- the first threshold is 10 -3 and the second threshold is 0.5.
- 4 is a result of processing the simulation data of FIG. 3 using the method of the present invention.
- the present invention is processed with the existing GM-PHD filter and the GM-CPHD filter for the simulation data shown in FIG. 3, and the average OFAP (Optimal Subpattern Assignment) distance obtained by 100 Monte Carlo experiments is as follows.
- Figure 5 shows. As can be seen from FIG.
- the multi-target tracking method of the present invention can obtain more in the presence of correlation uncertainty, detection uncertainty, and clutter.
- its OFAC distance is smaller than the existing SPAC distance obtained by the two methods.
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- 一种传递边缘分布的测量驱动目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤1:当接收到新测量数据时,计算当前时刻与前一时刻的时间差,并根据该时间差与前一时刻的边缘分布及其存在概率得到当前时刻预测的边缘分布及其存在概率;步骤2:根据当前时刻预测的边缘分布及其存在概率,利用贝叶斯规则对当前时刻接收到的测量数据进行序贯处理,得到当前时刻更新的边缘分布及其存在概率;步骤3:利用当前时刻的测量数据生成当前时刻新生目标的边缘分布,并为其指定存在概率,同时,将当前时刻新生目标的边缘分布及其存在概率分别与当前时刻更新的边缘分布及其存在概率合并,生成当前时刻的边缘分布及其存在概率;步骤4:从合并后所生成的当前时刻的边缘分布中将存在概率小于第一阈值的边缘分布裁减掉,并将裁减后的边缘分布及其存在概率作为下一时刻滤波器递归的输入,同时,从裁减后的边缘分布中提取存在概率大于第二阈值的边缘分布作为当前时刻的输出,并将各个输出边缘分布的均值与方差分别作为存活目标的状态估计与误差估计。
- 根据权利要求1所述的目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中,以k-1表示前一时刻,k表示当前时刻,tk-1表示前一时刻的时间,tk表示当前时刻的时间;已知前一时刻的边缘分布为N(xi,k-1;mi,k-1,Pi,k-1),i=1,2,…,nk-1;前一时刻各边缘分布的存在概率为ρi,k-1,i=1,2,…,nk-1;其中,N为高斯分布,xi,k-1为前一时刻第i个边缘分布的状态,mi,k-1为前一时刻第i个边缘分布的均值,Pi,k-1为前一时刻第i个边缘分布的方差,nk-1为前一时刻目标的总数,i为索引号;由前一时刻的边缘分布,前一时刻各边缘分布的存在概率,以及当前时刻与前一时刻的时间差得到当前时刻各目标的预测边缘分布为N(xi,k;mi,k|k-1,Pi,k|k-1),i=1,2,…,nk-1;当前时刻各目标预测边缘分布的 存在概率为ρi,k|k-1=pS,k(tk,tk-1)ρi,k-1,i=1,2,…,nk-1;其中,mi,k|k-1=Fk-1mi,k-1,为当前时刻第i个边缘分布的均值;Pi,k|k-1=Qk-1+Fk-1Pi,k-1Fk-1 T,为当前时刻第i个边缘分布的方差;为目标的幸存概率;Δt=tk-tk-1,为当前时刻与前一时刻的时间差;δ为已知常数;T为采样周期;
为前一时刻的状态转移矩阵;Qk-1为前一时刻的过程噪声方差矩阵;上标T表示矩阵的转置。 - 根据权利要求2所述的目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中,设当前时刻接收到的测量数据为yk=(y1,k,…,yM,k),其中,M为当前时刻接收到的测量数据总数;利用贝叶斯规则对当前时刻接收到的测量数据进行序贯处理的步骤包括:步骤B:利用贝叶斯规则依次对第1至M个测量数据进行处理:设第j个测量数据在处理前的边缘分布为i=1,2,…,nk-1,第j个测量数据在处理前的各边缘分布的存在概率为i=1,2,…,nk-1,其中,1≤j≤M;由和求得用第j个测量数据更新时的存在概率
滤波器增益 均值向量 协方差矩阵其中,Hk为观测矩阵,Rk为观测噪声的方差矩阵,pD,k为目标的检测概率,λc,k为杂波密度,yj,k为当前时刻接收到的第j个测量数据,I表示单位矩阵,上标T表示矩阵或向量的转置; - 根据权利要求4所述的目标跟踪方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中,当前时刻更新的边缘分布为N(xi,k;mi,k,Pi,k),i=1,2,…,nk,各边缘分布的存在概率为ρi,k,i=1,2,…,nk;步骤4包括:从合并后所生成的当前时刻的边缘分布中裁减掉存在概率小于第一阈值的边缘分布,裁减后的边缘分布及其存在概率作为下一时刻滤波器递归的输 入,同时,从裁减后的边缘分布中提取存在概率大于第二阈值的边缘分布作为当前时刻的输出。
- 一种传递边缘分布的测量驱动目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,包括:预测模块,当接收到新测量数据时,计算当前时刻与前一时刻的时间差,并根据该时间差与前一时刻的边缘分布及其存在概率得到当前时刻预测的边缘分布及其存在概率;更新模块,根据当前时刻预测的边缘分布及其存在概率,利用贝叶斯规则对当前时刻接收到的测量数据进行序贯处理,得到当前时刻更新的边缘分布及其存在概率;当前时刻边缘分布生成模块,利用当前时刻的测量数据生成当前时刻新生目标的边缘分布,并为其指定存在概率,同时,将当前时刻新生目标的边缘分布及其存在概率分别与当前时刻更新的边缘分布及其存在概率合并,生成当前时刻的边缘分布及其存在概率;边缘分布提取模块,从合并后所生成的当前时刻的边缘分布中将存在概率小于第一阈值的边缘分布裁减掉,并将裁减后的边缘分布及其存在概率作为下一时刻滤波器递归的输入,同时,从裁减后的边缘分布中提取存在概率大于第二阈值的边缘分布作为当前时刻的输出,并将各个输出边缘分布的均值与方差分别作为存活目标的状态估计与误差估计。
- 根据权利要求6所述的目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,在所述预测模块中,以k-1表示前一时刻,k表示当前时刻,tk-1表示前一时刻的时间,tk表示当前时刻的时间;已知前一时刻的边缘分布为N(xi,k-1;mi,k-1,Pi,k-1),i=1,2,…,nk-1;前一时刻各边缘分布的存在概率为ρi,k-1,i=1,2,…,nk-1;其中,N为高斯分布,xi,k-1为前一时刻第i个边缘分布的状态,mi,k-1为前一时刻第i个边缘分布的均值,Pi,k-1为前一时刻第i个边缘分布的方差,nk-1为前一时刻目标的总数,i为索引号;由前一时刻的边缘分布,前一时刻各边缘分布的存在概率,以及当前时刻与前一时刻的时间差得到当前时刻各目标的预测边缘分布 为N(xi,k;mi,k|k-1,Pi,k|k-1),i=1,2,…,nk-1;当前时刻各目标预测边缘分布的存在概率为ρi,k|k-1=pS,k(tk,tk-1)ρi,k-1,i=1,2,…,nk-1;其中,mi,k|k-1=Fk-1mi,k-1,为当前时刻第i个边缘分布的均值;Pi,k|k-1=Qk-1+Fk-1Pi,k-1Fk-1 T,为当前时刻第i个边缘分布的方差;为目标的幸存概率;Δt=tk-tk-1,为当前时刻与前一时刻的时间差;δ为已知常数;T为采样周期;
为前一时刻的状态转移矩阵;Qk-1为前一时刻的过程噪声方差矩阵;上标T表示矩阵的转置。 - 根据权利要求7所述的目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,所述更新模块中,设当前时刻接收到的测量数据为yk=(y1,k,…,yM,k),其中,M为当前时刻接收到的测量数据总数;所述更新模块具体用于:利用贝叶斯规则依次对第1至M个测量数据进行处理:设第j个测量数据在处理前的边缘分布为i=1,2,…,nk-1,第j个测量数据在处理前的各边缘分布的存在概率为i=1,2,…,nk-1,其中,1≤j≤M;由和求得第j个测量数据更新的存在概率
滤波器增益 均值向量 协方差矩阵其中,Hk为观测矩阵,Rk为观测噪声的方差矩阵,pD,k为目标的检测概率,λc,k为杂波密度,yj,k为当前时刻接收到的第j个测量数据,I表示单位矩阵,上标T表示矩阵或向量的转置; - 根据权利要求9所述的目标跟踪系统,其特征在于,当前时刻更新的边缘分布为N(xi,k;mi,k,Pi,k),i=1,2,…,nk,各边缘分布的存在概率为ρi,k,i=1,2,…,nk;所述边缘分布提取模块具体用于:从合并后所生成的当前时刻的边缘分布中裁减掉存在概率小于第一阈值的边缘分布,裁减后的边缘分布及其存在概率作为下一时刻滤波器递归的输入,同时,从裁减后的边缘分布中提取存在概率大于第二阈值的边缘分布作为当前时刻的输出。
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| CN103679753A (zh) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-26 | 深圳大学 | 一种概率假设密度滤波器的轨迹标识方法及轨迹标识系统 |
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