Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
  • B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
  • B01J8/0214—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
  • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
  • B01J8/0257—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
  • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
  • B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
  • B01J8/0461—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
  • B01J8/0469—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
  • C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
  • C10G65/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
  • C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
  • C10G65/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
  • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
  • B01J2208/00805—Details of the particulate material
  • B01J2208/00814—Details of the particulate material the particulate material being provides in prefilled containers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
  • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
  • B01J2208/00884—Means for supporting the bed of particles, e.g. grids, bars, perforated plates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
  • B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
  • B01J2208/023—Details
  • B01J2208/024—Particulate material
  • B01J2208/025—Two or more types of catalyst
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects

Definitions

• the present invention relates to catalyst reactor baskets.
• Catalyst reactor systems having differing designs are known in various documents, including, among others, U.S. Design Patent No. D257,281 entitled “Fossil Fuel Catalyst Generator” and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2004/0018124 entitled “Comprises cylindrical basket suitable for containing predetermined amount of catalyst; improved materials handling.”
• the specific designs and features of the catalyst baskets described in these documents can best be appreciated by a review of their respective disclosures.
• Fig. 1A is a top perspective view of the catalyst reactor basket with a cover attached according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. IB is an exploded, top perspective view of the catalyst reactor basket
• Fig. 2 is a side perspective view of the catalyst reactor basket with the cover removed;
• Fig. 3 is a top perspective view close up of the aperture of the catalyst basket.
• Fig. 4 is a top perspective view of the catalyst reactor basket according to another aspect of the invention.
• a catalyst reactor basket includes an outer side wall extending along the outer circumferential periphery of the basket and extending in an axial direction to define a generally cylindrical inner volume of the basket. At least a portion of the outer side wall is fluid permeable.
• the catalyst basket includes an inner side wall disposed within the outer side wall. The inner side wall extends circumferential and axially to define an aperture that defines a inner boundary of the volume of the basket. The aperture is sized and shaped to allow a fluid to flow axially with respect to the basket. At least a portion of the inner side wall is fluid permeable.
• First and second covers are disposed on opposite ends of the outer side wall and inner side wall.
• the first and second covers define respective ends of the inner volume of the basket, at least a portion of the first and second covers being fluid permeable.
• a dividing wall is disposed between the first and second covers. The dividing wall defines a first and second chamber within the inner volume of the basket. At least a portion of the dividing wall is fluid permeable.
• a plurality of partitions are disposed within the first and second chambers. Each partition extends radially between the outer side wall and the inner side wall and extends axially between the dividing wall and a respective cover. The plurality of partitions define a plurality of compartments within the first and second chambers, each compartment being sized and shaped to receive a catalyst.
• a first compartment in the first chamber is aligned with a second compartment in the second chamber along an axis of the basket such that any fluid can flow through the first compartment and subsequently flow through the second compartment.
• the first compartment is sized to receive a first catalyst and the second compartment is sized to receive a second catalyst such that the fluid first contacts the first catalyst and subsequently contacts a second catalyst along an axial flow path of the fluid.
• the first catalyst has properties that are different from the second catalyst.
• the partitions provide a fluid barrier between adjacent compartments.
• At least one compartment is sized to receive a first catalyst that has different properties than a second catalyst in an adjacent compartment.
• the catalyst basket includes a support frame wherein the outer wall, inner wall, and dividing wall are supported by the frame.
• the catalyst reactor basket includes clips that removablely secure the covers to respective ends of the basket.
• hooks are coupled to the basket, the hooks being sized and shaped to support the basket such that the basket hangs from the hooks.
• At least a portion of the inner side wall is fluid permeable.
• At least a portion of the outer wall is fluid permeable.
• a catalyst reactor basket 10 is shown.
• the basket is generally cylindrical in shape and has a generally circular aperture 12 that extends axially through the basket.
• a cover 14 is provided at the top end of the basket.
• a cover is also provided at the bottom end the basket.
• the cover includes an outer rim 16 and an inner rim 18.
• the rims 16, 18 extend around the periphery of the covers and provide structural rigidity to the cover.
• the rims can include relief cuts 16a and 18a in order to aid in forming the rims into circular rings.
• the relief cuts can vary in size and shape.
• a mesh 20 extends between the rims 16 and 18.
• the mesh 20 is sized and shaped to provide holes that allow fluid to pass through the mesh during use of the catalyst basket while also preventing catalyst particles from passing through the mesh. As such, the catalyst particles are retained within the basket.
• the mesh 20 can be attached the rims 16 and 18 by, for example, welding the mesh to the rims such as by spot welding. Other suitable attachments are possible.
• the basket 10 includes a support frame 22.
• the support frame 22 can be arranged in layers such that the basket 10 includes an upper support frame layer 24 and a lower support frame layer 26.
• an intermediate support frame layer 25 (See Fig. 2) that is disposed between the upper and lower support frame layers can be included.
• Each support frame layer includes an outer ring 28 and an inner ring 30.
• the support frame 22 can include vertical supports 32 that can extend between the rings of the different layers of the support frame.
• the support frame can also include radial supports 34 that extend between the outer and inner rings of a respective layer. As shown in Fig. IB, for example, four vertical supports 32 extend between the outer ring 28 of the upper layer and the outer ring of the intermediate layer.
• each vertical supports 32 extend between the inner ring 30 of the upper layer and the inner ring of the intermediate layer.
• the vertical supports that connect the inner rings and the outer rings of the upper and intermediate layers are preferably the same length such that the upper and intermediate layers are maintained in generally parallel planes.
• vertical supports connect the outer and inner rings of the intermediate layer and the bottom layer.
• radial supports 34 extend between the outer ring 28 and the inner ring 30 of the intermediate layer.
• the arrangement shown in Fig. IB is structured such that radial supports are not required in the upper and lower layers, but they can optionally be included.
• the support frame elements e.g., inner rings, outer rings, vertical supports and radial supports
• the support frame elements can be connected using suitable fasteners and/or fastening methods, such as welding, for example.
• the outer wall 36 of the basket 10 is supported by the outer rings 28 of each of the layers of the support frame.
• the outer wall 36 of the basket extends cylindrically around the basket to define the outer circumferential periphery thereof. Accordingly, the outer wall defines the outer limit of the cylindrical volume of the catalyst basket.
• the inner wall 38 of the basket is supported by the inner rings 28 of each of the layers of the support frame.
• the inner wall 38 of the basket extends cylindrically to define the inner boundary of the cylindrical volume of the catalyst basket.
• the inner wall 38 of the basket extends also defines the circumferential periphery of the aperture 12.
• the outer wall 36 is preferably permeable such that liquids can flow through the outer wall so that fluid can be exchanged between the interior and exterior of the basket.
• the inner wall 38 is preferably permeable such that liquids can flow through the inner wall so that fluid can be exchanged between the interior and exterior of the basket.
• the outer and inner walls can be made from a mesh material, such as a woven steel mesh.
• the outer, inner and dividing walls, or at least a portion thereof can alternatively be made from non-permeable steel plate to prevent liquid entering and exiting the basket.
• the liquid flow is axial therefore no flow is expected to flow through the outer and inner walls and, therefore, surfaces, or at least portions thereof, that are parallel to the axial flow direction can be non- permeable.
• the mesh can be steel wire cloth, woven, 14 x 14 mesh with a .020 inch wire diameter.
• the wire mesh of the inner and outer walls can be secured to the support frame member using wire 39.
• Other suitable attachment means and methods are also contemplated.
• a dividing wall 40 can extend between the outer ring 28 and the inner ring 30 and can be secured to the intermediate layer 25. As can be seen in Figs. IB and 2, the dividing wall 40 divides the interior of the basket into first and second chambers 42 and 44, respectively.
• the dividing wall 40 is fluid permeable so that fluid can flow through the dividing wall in an axial direction along the length (height) of the basket.
• the dividing wall can be made of the same woven mesh as the inner and outer walls.
• partitions 46 can extend radially between the inner and outer rings of the support frames. As shown in Fig. IB, four partitions 46 are provided in each of the upper and lower chambers, for example.
• the partitions 46 define compartments 48 in the upper and lower chambers.
• the compartments 48 can receive materials such as catalyst material.
• the partitions 46 are preferably not fluid permeable so that effect of material in one compartment can be more readily isolated from the material in an adjacent compartment.
• the partitions can be solid steel sheet material.
• the partitions can define four compartments in each of the upper and lower chambers, respectively, for example. Partitions can be added or removed to increase or decrease the number of compartments. Accordingly, the partitions 46 and the dividing wall 40 define the interior of the basket such that the basket has an upper chamber with four compartments and a lower chamber with four compartments, as illustrated.
• the partitions in the upper and lower chambers are aligned so that a compartment in the lower chamber is aligned with a corresponding compartment in the upper chamber and are sized and shaped to be coextensive, without overlap.
• the partitions in the upper and lower chambers can be arranged such that a compartment in one chamber is sized, shaped, and positioned such that there is overlap between compartments along the axial direction.
• each chamber includes multiple compartments allows for testing several different catalysts at the same time.
• dividing the basket into an upper chamber and a lower chamber allows for two-stage reactions in a single pass of the fluid in the axial direction along the basket.
• a first catalyst is provided in one compartment of one chamber.
• a second catalyst is provided in a second, corresponding compartment in the other chamber (i.e., the second compartment is axially aligned with the first compartment) a second catalyst is provided.
• fluid can pass through two layers of catalyst having differing properties.
• the liquid can pass through the first compartment and come into contact with the catalyst contained therein.
• the catalyst in the first compartment can be one that hydrotreats the fluid by removing sulfur and hydrogen from the fluid.
• the second compartment can include a different catalyst that can be used for cracking or further hydrogenation of the liquid as it comes into contact with the catalyst contained in the compartment. Two-stage reactions can thus be achieved with the catalyst basket of the present invention.
• the design is made to simulate a once-thru hydrocracking unit with two reactors in series of a single pass of the fluid through the basket.
• adjacent compartments can contain different catalyst materials so that different catalyst combinations can be tested simultaneously using the same reactor basket.
• the two layer, multi-compartment design of the catalyst basket allows different combinations of catalysts to be tested using the same basket.
• two different compartments in the first layer can contain catalysts Al and A2.
• two different compartments in the second layer can contain catalysts Bl and B2. Accordingly, as the fluid passes through the reactor basket, the fluid is exposed to different combinations of catalysts.
• one fluid flow path through the basket can first expose the fluid to the catalyst Al contained in one compartment in the first layer of the basket. After the fluid is exposed to the catalyst Al, it passes into the second layer of the basket whereupon it is exposed to the second catalyst B l contained in a compartment in the second layer of the basket.
• the fluid can progress through another flow path in which the fluid is exposed to catalyst A2 in another compartment in the first layer of the basket and then is exposed to catalyst B2 in another compartment in the second layer of the basket.
• the fluid flowing through the reactor basket and be exposed to a combination of catalysts Al and Bl and, using the same catalyst basket in the same reactor, the fluid simultaneously can be exposed to the combination of catalysts A2 and B2. Accordingly, multiple combinations of catalysts can be tested in the same chamber using the same basket simultaneously.
• the basket design allows for efficient and effective testing of many catalysts and combinations so that more suitable and effective catalysts can be identified and employed in future reactions.
• the covers 14 can be removed from the top and bottom ends of the basket to allow for filling the compartments with catalyst material.
• Clips can be provided on the sides of the basket for selectively attaching the covers to the ends of the basket. For example, the clips can be detached from a first cover and the cover can be removed to expose the compartments in the first chamber. Various catalyst materials can be added to the exposed compartments and the cover can be re-secured using the clips. Then the basket can be flipped so that the second cover at the other end of the basket can be removed to expose the compartment of the second chamber. Various catalyst materials can be added to the exposed compartments of the second chamber and the second cover can be re-secured using the clips. Accordingly, the two-layer, multi-compartment catalyst reactor basket can be loaded with catalyst.
• Hooks 50 can optionally be connected to the frame of the basket.
• the hooks can support the basket and couple the basket to the internals of the reactor.
• the hooks can also be used to support the basket during loading and unloading of the catalyst at the end of the reactor cycle.
• the catalysts are usually vacuumed at the end of the cycle. By hanging the basket, the basket will be untacked during the catalyst vacuuming.
• Fig. 4 illustrates a catalyst basket having a single layer with four chambers.
• the four chamber can contain catalyst that allows axial flow through in a similar manner as described above.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=56148649

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (10)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (30)

• 2015
  • 2015-05-18 US US14/714,798 patent/US9463427B1/en active Active
• 2016
  • 2016-05-12 CN CN201680028397.2A patent/CN107635654B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2016-05-12 SG SG11201708669WA patent/SG11201708669WA/en unknown
  • 2016-05-12 KR KR1020177035926A patent/KR20180008618A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2016-05-12 JP JP2017558696A patent/JP6661875B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2016-05-12 WO PCT/US2016/031987 patent/WO2016186941A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2016-05-12 EP EP16730931.9A patent/EP3297754B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2016-05-12 EP EP19155981.4A patent/EP3501634A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-10-03 US US15/284,046 patent/US9802173B2/en active Active
• 2017
  • 2017-10-25 SA SA517390232A patent/SA517390232B1/ar unknown

Patent Citations (5)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events