WO2016179718A1 - Tambor de aglomeración para el pretratamiento de minerales - Google Patents
Tambor de aglomeración para el pretratamiento de minerales Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016179718A1 WO2016179718A1 PCT/CL2016/050023 CL2016050023W WO2016179718A1 WO 2016179718 A1 WO2016179718 A1 WO 2016179718A1 CL 2016050023 W CL2016050023 W CL 2016050023W WO 2016179718 A1 WO2016179718 A1 WO 2016179718A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- agglomeration
- chamber
- drum
- main cylinder
- gases
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/12—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in rotating drums
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
- C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
- C22B15/0071—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing sulfur
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agglomeration drum and a mineral agglomeration process carried out inside said drum for the pretreatment of minerals, both used mainly in hydrometallurgy.
- Said drum and method employ a system and a gas recirculation stage as part of the invention.
- the process of chemical reactions occurring inside the agglomeration drum is included within the agglomeration process.
- the agglomeration drum, the agglomeration process and the reactive process make it possible to obtain uniform, stable and poorly degradable agglomerates, which have a greater agglomerate-reactive contact surface.
- the agglomerates or glomers produced in the agglomeration drum and according to the process of the invention increase the extractive yield of the subsequent leaching process, reducing the creation of preferential routes of the leaching solution in the leach piles. Additionally, the drum and method of the invention allow to avoid the release of gases to the environment, counting on a gas recirculation system that, when closed, keeps the gases inside the agglomeration drum and the process. This recirculation of gases allows not only avoid the release of the same to the environment, but also reduces the operating costs of using the recirculated gases as part of the agglomeration process. Background
- the hydrometallurgical processes include in their flow diagrams cylinders or agglomeration drums, which are commonly used to improve the leaching processes.
- Agglomeration drums are equipment mainly intended for the dry agglomeration of minerals of medium and fine granulometry, that is, with a particle size between 3/4 of an inch to 1 inch.
- agglomeration drums In these agglomeration drums, and through the supply of liquid reagents that are fed following the entry of the mineral, such as water and concentrated sulfuric acid, uniform agglomerates are produced, known as "glomers", which are used in processes later as leaching.
- the agglomeration cylinders or drums are equipment specially indicated for the agglomeration of copper, gold, nickel and zinc ores, among others.
- the agglomeration cylinder known in the art is formed by a single chamber open to the environment, being provided internally with lifting bars of rectangular section suitably spaced so that with the rotation of the cylinder a rolling movement of the material inside the same. Said rolling movement of the material, together with the humidification caused by the reactants provided in the feeding zone, produce the formation of a uniform and consistent "glomer".
- the speed of rotation of the agglomeration cylinder, the section of the elevators and their spacing, are studied in each specific case, according to the nature and size of the mineral particles to be agglomerated, and to the residence time necessary to produce the "glomer" "
- the agglomeration drums must withstand high mechanical stresses produced mainly by the movement of the material inside and by the weight and impact of the agglomeration load circulating inside the drum, which is why they must be constructed with resistant materials and framed in a structure of great robustness.
- the agglomeration drums, and mainly the interior thereof are subjected to large loads of wear caused both by the movement of the material, which generates abrasion on the surfaces, and by the presence of an environment that can be corrosive depending on the reagents used to produce the glomers, which is why they are preferably constructed of materials resistant to wear or coated with said materials.
- the agglomeration drums are supplied forming a compact and complete unit, including a feed chute, discharge box, gas outlet to the environment and acid dosing flutes in the feeding zone.
- the agglomeration drums of the prior art release the gases produced in the process directly to the environment, resulting in possible environmental and / or health risks, by the release of toxic gases, and limiting the use of desirable reagents. to its toxicity.
- US2004156765 and AU2010207893 disclose agglomeration processes and / or drums that are open to the environment and / or do not describe a system or stage of gas recirculation that is integrated into the process of agglomeration that occurs in the interior of the drum, so that these documents describe systems and processes are limited to the use of reagents that do not generate toxic substances that can be released into the environment.
- prior art documents that use reagents that can release toxic substances such as the application US2004156765, do not consider the treatment of said substances, so they do not solve the problem associated with their presence in the process.
- document EP1734137 refers to a process of agglomeration of iron ores that suppresses the emission of gases into the atmosphere, however, said process uses a system of recirculation of waste gases for its reincorporation into nozzles of a blast furnace as combustion gases.
- this type of process is widely known in the art, allowing considerably reduce the release of toxic gases to the environment, such as combustion, it is not possible to implement directly in agglomeration processes, since that said processes comprise rotary systems that allow to form the material glomers that are required.
- the simple recirculation of gases in an agglomeration equipment does not solve the problem of using said gases to favor the process that is carried out within the equipment, so that the agglomeration process would not be improved by including recirculation.
- the present invention relates to an agglomeration drum and an agglomeration process that produces uniform, stable and poorly degradable agglomerates with a greater agglomerate-reactive contact surface. Additionally, both the drum and the process of the invention allow to increase the extractive yield of subsequent processes, such as the leaching process and, at the same time, prevent the release of gases into the environment, reducing environmental and / or health risks and allowing the use of desirable reagents of high effectiveness. On the other hand, the invention also refers to the chemical process that occurs inside the agglomeration drum, which allows increasing the recovery of material in the subsequent extractive processes.
- the agglomeration drum of the invention comprises a hollow main cylinder, preferably constructed of thick laminated steel sheet, which is supported or supported by a support structure on which the main cylinder rotates during the process of agglomeration.
- Said master cylinder may comprise any hollow cylindrical shape, such as for example a rectangular cylinder, preferably a circumferential cylindrical shape being used.
- cylinder should be understood any geometric configuration formed by the displacement of a line called generatrix along a flat, closed curve, called directrix, where said guideline can have different closed polygonal shapes, such as a rectangle, a square, a triangle or a hexagon, among others, or circular shapes such as a circumference or ellipse, among others.
- the main cylinder of the agglomeration drum is preferably inclined, its inlet end having a greater height than its outlet end.
- Said inclination which according to a modality can be manually or automatically adjustable, allows the circulation of the material that enters the agglomeration drum by gravity and rotation inside the drum, moving said material from the entrance end, upstream from the agglomeration drum, towards the outlet end, downstream of the agglomeration drum.
- the inclination of the agglomeration drum has a direct impact on the residence time of the material inside the agglomeration drum, since as the inclination increases the material will move towards the exit end more quickly.
- the variation of the inclination of the agglomeration drum allows adapting the process to different types of materials to agglomerate and to different reagents to be used during the agglomeration, since for each material and each reagent require different residence and / or reaction times to achieve maximum pretreatment efficiency.
- the main cylinder of the agglomeration drum comprises driving means that transmit the rotation movement from a driving device to the main cylinder, allowing said cylinder to rotate on its axial axis driven by said driving device.
- the motor means of the main cylinder correspond to a transmission system that at least comprises a rack integrated to the cylinder, fixedly connected to it or forming part of its same structure, continuously transmitting the rotational movement from the driving device to the main cylinder.
- Other driving means may be used for the transmission of movement from the driving device, such as a system of belts, chains or other type of rotational movement transmission.
- the drive device may consist of any type of mechanism that prints rotational movement to the main cylinder, such as an electric motor.
- said driving device comprises means for meshing with the teeth of the rack of the main cylinder, transmitting the rotation of the motor to said rack and allowing the agglomeration drum to turn controlled.
- the speed of rotation of the main cylinder directly affects the agglomeration process, being dependent on the nature and size of the mineral particles to agglomerate and the residence time necessary to produce the "glomer".
- the present invention comprises that the speed of rotation of the main cylinder can be varied to maintain the agglomeration process at its most effective, where for example said variation can be carried out electronically, by means of a frequency converter of the driving device that also allows perform a progressive start of the agglomeration drum and the process.
- the driving device must be designed to allow the main cylinder to rotate, considering the load of the cylinder both during operation and in vacuum.
- the critical condition of the rotation driving device is a stoppage of the system during operation, since the driving device must print sufficient rotating force to overcome the inertia of the agglomeration drum loaded with material therein.
- the rotation of the main cylinder is carried out on the supporting structure of the agglomeration drum.
- the support structure has a system of wheels on which the main cylinder rests and rotates, arranged in structures called drum supports.
- the drum supports allow the wheels to rotate freely when coming into contact with the main cylinder, supporting the weight of this and maintaining its rotational movement.
- the wheels are assembled to existing drum guides in the external mantle or outer surface of the main cylinder, preventing said cylinder from moving longitudinally due to the inclination thereof.
- the support structure of the agglomeration drum comprises a series of feet that can be joined together by at least one upper beam and / or at least one transverse beam.
- the support structure of the agglomeration drum comprises at least one lower beam on which the drum supports comprising the wheel system on which the cylinder body rotates are arranged.
- Said lower beam is connected to the structure in a pivoting manner at one of its ends, for example to one of the feet or to a transverse beam and towards the entrance end of the agglomeration drum, where the other end of the lower beam is finds free and / or supported by a system of inclination.
- the combination of the pivoting connection in one of the ends and the implementation of the inclination system allow to vary the inclination of the beam lower, which in turn varies the inclination of the body of the cylinder that is supported by said lower beam, through the system of wheels and the drum supports.
- the inclination system can comprise any automatic or manual device that allows the controlled pivoting of the lower beam on its connection with the support structure, maintaining the weight of the main cylinder during the operation of the agglomeration drum.
- said tilting system is defined by at least one hydraulic cylinder arranged in the support structure, for example in one of the feet or in longitudinal beams between feet. Said at least one hydraulic cylinder operates horizontally at least one wedge, on which the at least one lower beam of the one supporting the main cylinder rests.
- Said at least one wedge is displaced by the action of the at least one hydraulic cylinder, for example on a rail, so that its displacement generates that the lower beam pivots in its connection with the support structure, varying its inclination and allowing control of the retention and circulation of the material inside the agglomeration drum, obtaining a more efficient product.
- the inclination system of the invention allows to modify the inclination thereof on the horizontal axis in a controlled manner and thus to be able to adjust the residence time of the material that is displaced by rotation and gravity to the interior of the drum.
- tilt system is possible to implement maintaining the qualities of the invention, that is, the support of the weight of the main cylinder and the variation of the inclination thereof, wherein said tilt systems can be automatic, as detailed above. , or manuals, such as a tilting system comprising the implementation of a lower beam support, such as a cross beam, on which the at least one lower beam rests during the operation, wherein said support can be mounted at different heights manually.
- a tilting system comprising the implementation of a lower beam support, such as a cross beam, on which the at least one lower beam rests during the operation, wherein said support can be mounted at different heights manually.
- this equipment comprises a feeder box located upstream and at the entrance end of the agglomeration drum, arranged to receive the material to be exposed to the agglomeration process inside the drum.
- Said feeder box can comprise any structure arranged to direct the material to be agglomerated inside the agglomeration drum, being relevant that the junction between the feeder box and the entrance of the agglomeration drum is such as to allow the continuous transfer of material, without loss thereof , while rotating the main cylinder.
- the connection between the feeder box and the main cylinder is rotary and preferably sealed to the gases circulating inside the drum, preventing them from leaving the environment and / or reducing their release.
- the connection uses a bearing that facilitates the rotation of the main cylinder on the feeder box and prevents the material entering the agglomeration drum from leaving the entrance end thereof, proposing a sealing system to keep the gases at inside the cylinder.
- connection between the feeder box and the main cylinder of the agglomeration drum must be such as to allow the inclination of the main cylinder while the feeder box is fixed, maintaining the condition of rotation and sealing against the gases present inside the drum and that are injected to it.
- the feeder box consists of a rigid column in which an inlet opening is formed, preferably circular and arranged in the area of greater height of the equipment, upstream of the agglomeration drum. Through this opening, the material that generally comes from a conveyor belt enters the agglomeration drum to initiate the agglomeration process inside it.
- a discharge chamber is provided for the evacuation of the agglomerated material and for the extraction of gases that are generated and / or they are present inside the agglomeration drum.
- the discharge chamber comprises both a discharge box, preferably located in the lower part of the camera, like a bell, located preferably in the upper part of the camera.
- the bell of the discharge chamber is in connection with a gas recirculation system in charge of extracting the gases from the discharge chamber and injecting them back into the agglomeration drum by means of at least one injection nozzle, preferably upstream of said drum, while the unloading box facilitates that the agglomerated material, output product of the agglomeration drum, is extracted from the equipment for later use in processes, such as for example the leaching process.
- the connection between the discharge chamber and the main cylinder is rotary and preferably sealed to the gases circulating inside the drum, making it easier for them to pass directly to the discharge chamber. preventing them from leaving the environment and / or reducing their release.
- connection uses a bearing that facilitates the rotation of the main cylinder on the discharge chamber, proposing a sealing system to prevent gases passing to the discharge chamber from being released into the environment.
- connection between the discharge chamber and the main cylinder of the agglomeration drum must be such that it allows the inclination of the main cylinder while the discharge chamber is fixed, maintaining the condition of rotation and sealing against the gases present inside the drum and passing to the discharge chamber for suction by the recirculation system.
- the gas recirculation system connected to the hood of the discharge chamber comprises a gas transport conduit that directs the gases from the discharge chamber (extraction point) and into the interior of the drum.
- agglomeration injection point
- the gas recirculation system connected to the hood of the discharge chamber comprises a gas transport conduit that directs the gases from the discharge chamber (extraction point) and into the interior of the drum.
- agglomeration injection point
- the zone of entry of material to the agglomeration drum that is to say, at the upstream end thereof.
- the gas recirculation system comprises a gas driving device, such as a fan, which sucks the gases from the extraction point, preferably said discharge chamber, and injects them into the injection point of the agglomeration drum, wherein said gas driving device separates the recirculation system in a first extraction part , located downstream of the agglomeration drum, and in a second injection part, located upstream of the agglomeration drum.
- the gas supply device arranged in the gas conduit, has the function of extracting the gases downstream of the agglomeration drum and of driving the extracted gases.
- the gas recirculation system forms a closed circuit of gases inside the main cylinder, preventing gases from being released into the environment or reducing their release.
- the extraction and injection of the gases into the agglomeration drum can be carried out in any section of the main cylinder, it being preferable to extract the gases towards the end downstream of the cylinder and inject the gases towards the water end. above the cylinder.
- the components of the gas recirculation system must be adapted both to extract all the gases generated and / or present in the discharge chamber, preventing them from escaping through the discharge box, and to withstand the corrosive conditions of the gas to be transported, which may comprise acids and / or moisture and be at high temperatures.
- the gas recirculation system comprises ducts and at least one gas driving device designed both to transport a gas mass flow determined by the amount of gas present in the agglomeration drum as a result of the reaction carried out in the inside the drum and the same recirculation, as to resist the corrosion generated by the transport of the gas on the surfaces of the recirculation system, for example by the implementation of stainless steels with anticorrosive finish.
- the gas recirculation system can comprise at least one particle filter located towards the extraction part of the system, wherein said at least one filter prevents material particles from being sucked from the discharge chamber, preventing them from damaging the filter. gas driving device and / or obstructing the injection nozzle.
- Said particulate filter which may be an electrostatic precipitator, a membrane filter or any other type of filter which, installed before the fan, preferably in the gas conduit and / or in the hood, allows to retain the particles of material that are sucked by the fan and, thereby, prevent them from coming into contact with the fan and / or re-entering the gas into a gasification chamber.
- the entrance opening of the feeder box is in direct communication with the first section of the main cylinder, where a gasification chamber is located.
- the gasification chamber comprises a preferably cylindrical surface separated and concentric to the main cylinder but of smaller diameter, forming an intermediate space between the gasification chamber and the interior surface of the main cylinder, maintaining the union between the gasification chamber and the main cylinder by means of internal supports and / or connections arranged in the intermediate space.
- the above allows the configuration of the intermediate space while the elements are held together to rotate together.
- the gasification chamber also has a preferably circular and concentric entry to the entrance opening of the feeder box, where said inlet is connected to the injection nozzle fixed to the feeder box, for example to the rigid column of the mailbox, and on which both the main cylinder as the gasification chamber rotates.
- connection between the main cylinder and the feeder box is not only arranged for the rotation of the main cylinder, but must also support the rotation of the gasification chamber through the implementation of the injection nozzle, which in connection with the gas recirculation system allows the injection of the gases extracted from the discharge chamber of the agglomeration drum into the gasification chamber.
- the gasification chamber has a rotation movement independent of the main cylinder, having an independent driving device to that of the main cylinder or with a movement transmission system that modifies the rotation rate of the main cylinder.
- the injection nozzle has nozzle holes that allow gas to enter the intermediate space formed between the main cylinder and the gasification chamber, while the gasification chamber has perforations of cameras located preferably on the face of the entrance of the chamber, where said perforations communicate the intermediate space with the interior of the gasification chamber.
- the chamber perforations may also be arranged in the mantle of the gasification chamber, however, the first arrangement or a combination of both is preferred in order to prevent the material placed inside the chamber from obstructing the perforations during the process of agglomeration. In this sense, the gas enters the interior of the gasification chamber through the chamber perforations, after the gas injected through the nozzle perforations passes into the intermediate space.
- the gasification chamber has an inlet face and an outlet face, being partially closed on both sides to allow controlled entry and evacuation of material.
- the gasification chamber is preferably constructed based on materials resistant to corrosion of gases entering it, such as titanium, stainless steel, steel with special coating, high density polymer or any other material that prevents pitting corrosion of the sheet of the gasification chamber.
- the gasification chamber comprises load lifters that allow the material and gas to be mixed inside the chamber as said material advances as a result of the rotary movement of the drum in combination with the angle of inclination that this one has
- the load lifters can be part of the structure of the internal surface of the gasification chamber or can be independent elements to allow their replacement in the event of deterioration due to abrasion and / or corrosion.
- Said load lifters can be located along the length of the gasification chamber or in other arrangements that facilitate mixing of the material and gas inside the chamber, such as, for example, forming a spiral around the inner surface of the chamber of gasification.
- the camera can include at least one retainer to contain part of the material entering the chamber and thus allow said material, as it enters the chamber, to slide over retained material and not directly onto the surface of the chamber. chamber, thus avoiding the wear and excessive deterioration of said surface due to the effects of sliding abrasion and / or impact of the material.
- Said at least one retainer is configured, preferably, as a projecting surface which is arranged transversely over the entire inner perimeter of the gasification chamber.
- the retainer can be part of the structure of the internal surface of the gasification chamber or be independent elements to allow their replacement if they present deterioration.
- the gasification chamber is in downstream connection with an agglomeration chamber into which the material previously mixed with gas enters the preceding chamber.
- the flow of the material between the gasification chamber and the agglomeration chamber is advantageously carried out by means of an impeller, however, it can be carried out directly from the gasification chamber to the agglomeration chamber.
- the presence of the impeller allows to increase the differentiation between the gasification chamber and the agglomeration chamber, increasing the residence of the gas in the gasification chamber, and in addition, it allows increasing the agitation of the material during the transfer from the gasification chamber to the agglomeration chamber.
- the impeller is inserted between the gasification chamber and the agglomeration chamber and coupled to the main cylinder to rotate together with it and, consequently, together with the gasification chamber, where the face upstream of the impeller faces the the gasification chamber, comprising its outlet face, and the face downstream of the impeller faces the agglomeration chamber, comprising its entrance face.
- the impeller has an independent movement both to the gasification chamber and to the main cylinder or is connected to one of them, either by means of a transmission system or by an independent impeller.
- the impeller comprises multiple blades, preferably in the form of straws, arranged to receive the mixture of material as it descends through the gasification chamber.
- a preferred front cover of circular shape and smaller diameter than the impeller is provided on the blades, leaving openings between each blade and between the perimeter of the impeller and the perimeter of the lid, wherein The front cover is disposed on the face of the impeller facing the gasification chamber and acts as a material flow restrictor, allowing the material to be taken only near the ends of the impeller through its openings.
- the impeller blades extend converging toward the center of the impeller in a central axis facing the agglomeration chamber, where said central axis is smaller in diameter than the front cover located directly upstream.
- This configuration allows the material taken by the blades to rotate together with the impeller and, as it reaches a greater height, it descends by the blades towards the central axis and then falls into the agglomeration chamber.
- the front cover prevents the material transported in the blades are returned to the gasification chamber.
- the impeller has a back cover that covers part of the blades to avoid that the material already contained in the agglomeration chamber is returned to the gasification chamber.
- the impeller like the gasification chamber, is preferably constructed based on corrosion-resistant materials such as titanium, stainless steel, special-coated steel or some high-density polymer.
- the agglomeration chamber unlike the gasification chamber, this does not correspond to a chamber independent of the main cylinder, but is formed by the interior space of said cylinder.
- said interior space of the main cylinder has a coating preferably of elastomeric material and vulcanized to the inner mantle of the main cylinder.
- the agglomeration chamber may also include load lifters and / or retainers of either fixed or removable type.
- a fluid injection system is formed within the agglomeration chamber comprising at least one pipe arranged along the cylinder, fed at one end through the discharge chamber and supported on the other end by the central axis of the impeller.
- Said at least one pipe has multiple perforations for dispensing liquids into the agglomeration chamber.
- the pipes are at least two, injecting different types of fluids into the agglomeration chamber in different areas within it.
- the perforations of each pipe can be distributed in different ways along the same, depending on whether the fluids are desired to enter upstream in the agglomeration chamber, downstream thereof or along of the whole camera.
- the distribution of pipes and perforations therein allows to configure different fluid injection options in the agglomeration process, being possible to define, in addition to the type of fluid that is injected, different types of injection, for example by drip or spray, and / or injection positions, given by the location of the perforations inside the chamber.
- the at least one pipe is connected to the central axis of the impeller by means of a stationary support mounted on a bearing on the central axis of the impeller, so that said support remains fixed during the rotation of the impeller without forcing to torsion the pipes that transport the liquid.
- the liquid injection system preferably has a protection element formed in the form of a cylindrical mantle and located on the central axis 304 of the impeller, preventing the material that enters the agglomeration chamber from the impeller from directly hitting the pipes when it falls from the blades towards the agglomeration chamber when covering them in the vicinity of the impeller.
- the discharge mailbox is located in the lower part of the chamber, facilitating that the solid material coming from the agglomeration drum is extracted from the equipment by gravity.
- the discharge box includes at least one retainer of material similar to that used in the gasification chamber so that the material that is received in the discharge chamber does not fall directly on the bottom of the discharge box, thus preventing excessive wear due to abrasion and impact.
- the agglomeration process that occurs inside thereof comprises a first step in which the mineral together with a reagent, for example a solid reagent, is added to the interior of the agglomeration drum, through the entrance opening of the feeder box.
- a reagent for example a solid reagent
- the ore and reagent enter the gasification chamber where, as a result of drum rotation and assisted by the load lifters, the mineral is mixed with the reagent and with the gas entering the gasification chamber, example by means of the chamber perforations and through the nozzle perforations.
- a fraction of the gas is fixed to the mineral due to its humidity (preferably 3 to 5%) producing the chemical attack on the material.
- the addition of water and / or acid to the interior of the agglomeration chamber can be simultaneous or one before the other, depending on the position of the perforations along the pipes that inject the fluid into the interior of the agglomeration chamber.
- the pipe of the fluid injection system that injects water has perforations distributed upstream of the agglomeration chamber, while the injection system pipe that injects acid has perforations distributed downstream of the chamber of agglomeration, allowing the Water or refining is spread to the material that circulates through the agglomeration chamber prior to the sulfuric acid coming into contact with the material.
- temperatures are generated in the agglomeration chamber. 50 ° C and 80 ° C.
- the agglomeration of the material is produced and the formation of gas begins as a product of the reaction, the excess of which, in conjunction with the unreacted gas, is collected in the hood of the discharge chamber and is driven, by means of the drive device of the recirculation system and through the gas conduit, to the gasification chamber to combine it with the ore and the incoming reagent in a closed recirculation circuit.
- the solid agglomerate material advances towards the discharge chamber and descends through the discharge box to leave the agglomeration drum, said agglomerated material being used in subsequent extractive processes, such as leaching.
- a pre-treatment is carried out using the agglomeration drum, which allows to achieve the chemical transformation of the reaction products in soluble metal polyslufides and sulfur compounds linked to sodium, which avoid the formation of elemental sulfur, with a liquid and gaseous porosity, significantly superior to that found in a sulphate medium.
- an unequivocal sequence of suitable additions is followed whose order is: i) mineral, ii) solid sodium chloride, iii) water (refine, fresh water, sea, or a mixture of these), and iv) concentrated sulfuric acid,
- reaction (1) tends to occur, while on this temperature the global reaction occurs (2), producing the following global reaction (3).
- the inventors of the present application have observed that for said reaction (3) to occur, it must be satisfied that the addition of NaCl is proportional to the total sulfur content in the mineral, that is, the addition will be greater as the total sulfur content in the mineral. Also, the iron present in the mineral plays an important role in the morphology crystalline sodium sulfate. According to the analysis of DRX and SEM, pyrite (FeS 2 ) and pyrrhotite (FeS) contained in the ore or concentrate, favor a crystal structure of the needle type and in its absence a more acicular crystal structure is observed (see Figure 13).
- This crystalline structure is a very important feature for the process of the present invention, since the needle-like structure has been associated with a more porous material, whose presence allows the subsequent leaching to increase the liquid / gas permeability and thereby increase the kinetics of metal extraction contained in the ore or concentrate.
- Peak A2 can be associated with the oxidation of chalcocite to a non-stoichiometric sulfide
- the peak A2 can also correspond to the oxidation of the polysulfide formed in the Al peak according to the following reaction (7) [Eghbalnia, 2011]:
- the A3 peak corresponds to the oxidation of H 2 S to SO, additionally all the metallic copper formed in the cathodic sweep, will be oxidized to Cu 2+ in this region of potentials [Price, 1986; Lu, 2000].
- the peaks Cl and C2 reflect the reduction of the products formed in the Al and A2 peaks.
- the area differences between the anode peaks Al, A2 and cathode spikes Cl and C2 indicate that the reaction is not completely reversible. This observation is consistent with the results suggested by other researchers [Lázaro, 1995; Lu, 2000]. Therefore, both peaks observed can be associated with the reductions of polysulfides formed.
- the reduction peak C3 is attributed to the reduction of the chalcopyrite that remained unreacted, forming as an intermediate the talkanite (CugFegSió) or the bornite (CusFeS 4 ) according to the following equations (8) and ( 9) [Biegler, 1976; Lazaro, 1995; Lu, 2000; Eghbalnia, 2011].
- Figures 18 to 20 show the importance of rest to fix the sodium ion in the product layer. Indeed, it is observed that at 30 days of rest it is possible to identify through the SEM analysis the presence of this ion, which contrasted with the XRD analysis shown in Figure 17, suggest the formation of sulfur compounds and sodium sulphates. . In addition, the presence of the chlorine element or compounds in which it participates is not evident in the reaction products. This would validate the occurrence of the reaction (13).
- Figure 1 Shows a representative diagram of a mode of the agglomeration drum of the invention seen from its side face.
- Figure 2 shows an external view of the feeder mailbox according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a view of the entrance to the gasification chamber in longitudinal section according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 shows a view of the gasification chamber in longitudinal section according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5. Shows a view of the impeller from the loading face of material from the gasification chamber according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6. Shows a view of the impeller from the discharge side of material towards the agglomeration chamber according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 7. Shows a view of the agglomeration chamber in longitudinal section according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 8. Shows a view of the stationary support mounted on the central axis of the impeller and supporting the fluid injection system according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 9. Shows a view of the impeller from the discharge side of material, including the protective element on the central axis of the impeller according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 10 Shows an external view of the discharge chamber according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 11 Shows a view of the inclination system according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 12 Shows a representative diagram of the agglomeration drum in vertical longitudinal section, where the main cylinder is also represented with a horizontal longitudinal cut, allowing to visualize the interior of the agglomeration drum.
- Figure 13 Microphotograph showing the formation of sodium sulphate on mineral particles and chalcopyrite concentrate (6000X), with 15 kg NaCl / ton of mineral and 20% H 2 S0 4 on stoichiometric consumption.
- Figure 16 Graph that reflects the cyclic voltammetry CPE-CPY with pre-treatment, in solution of H2S04 0,1M and Cl- 70 g / 1, at 70 ° C, with different resting times: a) 15 days, b) 30 days.
- Figure 20 Image and data of the SEM analysis of calcopyritic concentrate with pre-treatment and 30-day rest.
- Figure 21 Graph showing the kinetics of copper extraction of chalcopyrite concentrate, pre-treated with different doses of solid NaCl and 30-day rest.
- Figure 23 shows a diagram representative of a mode of the agglomeration drum of the invention seen from its side face, including the injection system.
- Figure 24 Shows a diagram representative of a mode of the agglomeration drum of the invention seen from its front face.
- Figure 25 Shows a representative diagram of a mode of the agglomeration drum of the invention seen from its rear face.
- Figure 26 Shows a representative diagram of a mode of the agglomeration drum of the invention seen in perspective.
- Figure 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the agglomeration drum, object of the present invention, which comprises a feeder box 100 located upstream at one of its ends to receive the material to be introduced in the agglomeration drum, which is preferably inclined and divided into two sections separated by a rack 201.
- a first section of the agglomeration drum is situated upstream of the rack 201 and a second section of the agglomeration drum is situated downstream of the rack 201.
- a discharge chamber 400 is provided for the evacuation of the heavy material and the extraction of gases that are generated and / or which are present inside the agglomeration drum.
- the discharge chamber 400 is composed of a discharge box 410 preferably located in the lower part of the discharge chamber and of a hood 420 preferably located in the upper part of the discharge chamber, wherein the hood is in connection with a gas recirculation system 500 which according to the present embodiment comprises a gas transport pipe 510 which directs the gases extracted by the bell 420 again towards the interior of the agglomeration drum, preferably to the zone of entry of the material to the agglomeration drum, that is to say, at the end upstream thereof.
- the transport of the gases into the duct 510 is carried out by means of a fan 520 that extracts the gases from the downstream end of the agglomeration drum and injects them into the upstream end of said drum.
- the agglomeration drum comprises a main cylinder 200 preferably constructed with thick sheet steel sheet, which is supported by a support structure 600 composed mainly of 610 feet joined by an upper beam 620 and a lower beam 630 pivoting on one of the feet 610, wherein said lower beam has drum supports 640 that support the main cylinder 200 by means of wheels 650 located on the drum supports 640 and assembled to the drum guides 202 arranged in the outer mantle of the main cylinder 200.
- the main cylinder 200 of the agglomeration drum rotates on its axial axis driven by means of a drive or motor device (not shown) comprising means for meshing with the teeth of the rack 201, transmitting the rotation of the motor to said rack 201 and allowing that the drum rotates controlled on the 650 wheels.
- a drive or motor device (not shown) comprising means for meshing with the teeth of the rack 201, transmitting the rotation of the motor to said rack 201 and allowing that the drum rotates controlled on the 650 wheels.
- the agglomeration drum of the invention also has a tilting system 700 to controlly modify the inclination thereof on the horizontal axis and thus be able to adjust the residence time of the material inside the drum.
- said system of inclination 700 acts on the lower beam 630, which pivots in its connection with at least one foot 610, varying the inclination of the drum.
- the feeder box 100 consists of a rigid foot 110 in which an inlet opening 120 is formed, preferably circular and arranged in the area of highest height of the equipment, upstream of the agglomeration drum. By means of this opening, the solid material that generally comes from a conveyor belt enters the agglomeration drum.
- the inlet opening 120 of the feeder box 100 is in direct communication with the first section of the cylinder where a gasification chamber 210 is located.
- This chamber preferably has a cylindrical surface separated and concentric to the mantle. of the main cylinder 200 but both elements being joined to rotate as a whole and preferably forming an intermediate space 211 between the gasification chamber 210 and the mantle of the main cylinder 200.
- the gasification chamber 210 also has a preferably circular and concentric entry to the entrance opening of the feeder box 100, where said inlet assembles with an injection nozzle 130 fixed to the rigid column 110 of the mailbox, and on which both the main cylinder 200 and the gasification chamber 210 rotate.
- This injection nozzle 130 allows, on the one hand, to connect the gasification chamber 210 with the inlet box 100 and, on the other hand, to allow the entry of gas into said chamber.
- the injection nozzle 130 has nozzle bores 131 that allow gas to enter the intermediate space 211 formed between the main cylinder 200 and the gasification chamber 210.
- the gasification chamber 210 has chamber perforations 212 preferably located on the face of the chamber inlet.
- the chamber perforations 212 may also be arranged in the mantle of the gasification chamber 210, without However, the first arrangement or a combination of both is preferred in order to prevent the material disposed inside the chamber from obstructing the perforations. In this sense, the gas enters the interior of the gasification chamber through the chamber perforations 212, after the gas injected through the nozzle perforations 131 passes into the intermediate space 211.
- the gasification chamber 210 is preferably constructed based on materials resistant to corrosion of the gases entering it, such as titanium, stainless steel, steel with special coating, high density polymer or any other material that prevents corrosion by chopping of the sheet of the gasification chamber 210
- the gasification chamber comprises load lifters 213 that allow the material and gas to be mixed inside the chamber, as said material advances product of the rotary movement of the drum in combination with the angle of inclination that it has.
- the load lifters 213 can form part of the structure of the internal surface of the gasification chamber or can be independent elements to allow their replacement in the event of deterioration.
- Said load lifters 213 can be located along the length of gasification chamber 210 or in other arrangements that facilitate the mixing of material and gas into the interior of the chamber, such as, for example, by spiraling around the internal surface of the chamber. the gassing chamber 210.
- the camera includes at least one retainer 214 for containing part of the material entering the chamber and thus allowing said material, as it enters the chamber, to slide on retained material and not directly on the surface of the chamber, thus avoiding wear and excessive deterioration of said surface.
- Said at least one retainer 214 is preferentially configured as a protruding surface which is arranged transversely over the entire inner perimeter of the gasification chamber 210.
- the retainer 214 can be part of the structure of the internal surface of the gasification chamber or be independent elements to allow its replacement in case that these present deterioration.
- the gasification chamber 210 is in downstream connection with an agglomeration chamber 220 into which the material previously mixed with gas enters the preceding chamber.
- the flow of the material between the gasification chamber 210 and the agglomeration chamber 220 is advantageously carried out by means of an impeller 300, which may or may not be present depending on the embodiment of the invention.
- This element is inserted between the gasification chamber 210 and the agglomeration chamber 220 and coupled to the main cylinder 200 to rotate together with it and, consequently, together with the gasification chamber.
- the impeller 300 Seen from the side of the gasification chamber 210, the impeller 300 comprises multiple blades
- a front cover 302 which is preferably circular in shape and smaller in diameter than the impeller which acts as a restrictor flow of material and allows the material to be taken only near the ends of the impeller through the impeller openings 303.
- the impeller has a rear cover 305 that covers part of the blades 301 to prevent the material already contained in the agglomeration chamber 220 from being returned to the gasification chamber 210.
- the impeller 300 as well as the gasification chamber 210 is preferably constructed based on corrosion resistant materials such as titanium, stainless steel, special coated steel or some high density polymer.
- Figure 7 illustrates a view of the agglomeration chamber 220 which, unlike the gasification chamber 210, does not correspond to a chamber independent of the main cylinder 200, but is formed by a coating preferably of elastomeric material and vulcanized to the mantle inside the main cylinder 200.
- the agglomeration chamber 220 may also include load lifters and / or retainers of either the fixed or removable type.
- a relevant aspect of the invention is that a liquid injection system is formed inside the agglomeration chamber 230, consisting of two pipes 230, 231 disposed along the cylinder, fed at one end through the discharge chamber. 400 and supported at the other end by the central axis 304 of the impeller.
- Said pipes have multiple perforations for the dispensing of independent liquids to the interior of the agglomeration chamber, where said perforations can be distributed in different ways along the pipes, depending on whether the fluids are desired to enter upstream in the agglomeration chamber , downstream of it or throughout the entire chamber.
- Figure 8 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the pipes 230, 231 are connected to the central axis 304 of the impeller by means of a stationary support 232, mounted on a bearing 233 so that the support remains fixed during the rotation of the device and do not force torsion the pipes that transport the liquid.
- the injection system of The liquid preferably has a protection element 234, preferably formed in the shape of a cylindrical mantle ( Figure 9) and located on the central axis 304 of the impeller, preventing the material from hitting the pipes directly when it falls from the blades 301 of the impeller 300 towards the agglomeration chamber 220.
- the discharge chamber 400 is illustrated in greater detail in Figure 10. It is seen in it that it comprises two parts.
- the discharge box 410 located at the bottom and through which the solid material coming from the agglomeration drum is extracted from the equipment.
- at least one retainer of material similar to that used in the gasification chamber is included in the discharge zone of the material so that the material that is received in the discharge chamber 400 does not fall directly on the bottom of the discharge mailbox 400, thus preventing excessive wear.
- the hood 420 recovers the gases generated inside the main cylinder 200 product of the chemical reactions and coming from the gasification chamber, which also have high temperatures, thus helping the extraction process. For this reason, the bell 420 is disposed in the upper part of the discharge box 400 since said gases tend to rise and not descend together with the solid material. In order to be a complete extraction and there is no possibility of the gases escaping, a ventilation system suitable for the transport of said gases is incorporated. In the same way, the gas transport pipe 510 that transfers the gases from the hood 420 to the gasification chamber must have the necessary conditions to support the transport of these gases that generally contain acids and moisture.
- the invention comprises a particulate filter which may be an electrostatic precipitator, a membrane filter or any other type of filter which, installed before the fan 520, preferably in the gas line 510 and / or in the hood 420, allows to retain the particulates that are sucked by the fan and, thereby, prevent them from coming into contact with the fan and / or re-entering next to the gas into the gasification chamber, resulting in possible obstruction of the nozzle bores 130 and / or chamber 212.
- a particulate filter which may be an electrostatic precipitator, a membrane filter or any other type of filter which, installed before the fan 520, preferably in the gas line 510 and / or in the hood 420, allows to retain the particulates that are sucked by the fan and, thereby, prevent them from coming into contact with the fan and / or re-entering next to the gas into the gasification chamber, resulting in possible obstruction of the nozzle bores 130 and / or chamber 212.
- the fan 520 arranged in the gas conduit 510 in turn has the function of driving the recirculated gases, extracting said gases from the agglomeration chamber 220 and through the hood 420 and injecting the gases into the gasification chamber 210 through the assembly of perforations 130 and 212.
- the tilt system 700 consists of a pair of hydraulic cylinders 701 each located on a lifting beam 710 that is disposed on each side of the drum.
- the hydraulic cylinders 701 horizontally act a wedge 702, on which the inclined lower beam 630 supporting the main cylinder 200 rests. Said wedge moves on a rail 703 so that its displacement causes the lower beam 630 to pivot on one of the feet 610 of the support structure, varying its inclination, thus being able to control the retention and circulation of the material inside the drum to obtain a more efficient product.
- Figure 12 shows a diagram in section of the agglomeration drum, identifying the internal components and their location inside the agglomeration drum.
- Figure 12 shows the main components of the agglomeration drum, which described from upstream to downstream and depending on the circulation of the material to be agglomerated comprise: feeder mailbox 100, from where the material to be agglomerated enters; main cylinder 200; gasification chamber 210, which is located inside the main cylinder 200, particularly towards the upstream end of said cylinder, receiving the material to be agglomerated for mixing with the gases; impeller 300, which is located separating the gasification chamber 210 from the agglomeration chamber 220, allowing the material to pass from said gasification chamber and into said agglomeration chamber; agglomeration chamber, where the material is subjected to mixing with liquids that enter through pipes 230, 231, generating the reactions that will increase the effectiveness of the agglomeration process; discharge chamber 400, which receives the agglomerated material that leaves from the a
- the support structure 600 can be seen, which supports the agglomeration drum and its components, providing a lower beam 630 that varies its inclination thanks to a tilting system 700, and the air recirculation system 500 , which in connection with the bell 420 and the entrance of the agglomeration drum, allows the recirculation of the gases generated inside the drum during the agglomeration process.
- Figure 12 also shows the pipes 230, 231, which enter fluids into the agglomeration chamber
- Figure 12 shows the rack 201 as the element that transmits the movement of rotation from an impeller to the cylinder main, allowing the entire agglomeration drum rotate to generate circulation and mixing of the material inside.
- figure 23 like figure 1, shows a diagram of the agglomeration drum seen from its side face, this time showing the injection system by means of pipes 230, 231 coming out from discharge chamber 400 towards the outside of the agglomeration drum.
- Figure 24 shows a front view of the agglomeration drum, showing its support structure arrangement 600 comprising the feet 610, an upper beam 620, shown in figure 23, which joins the feet 610 by means of at least one transverse beam 680. Additionally, Figure 24 shows a modality with transverse entry beams 670 and exit beams 660, where the transverse exit beams 660 are arranged at a lower height than the transverse entry beams 6760, since in the latter it pivots the at least a lower beam 630 supporting the main cylinder 200, see figure 23, where on the transverse exit beam 660 the inclination system 700 allows the pivoting of the lower beam 630.
- Figure 25 shows a rear view of the agglomeration drum, showing the outlet of the pipes 230, 231 belonging to the injection system from the discharge chamber 400.
- Figure 26 allows to see a general scheme of the agglomeration drum of the invention by a perspective view, appreciating both its main components, for example the main cylinder 200, and its secondary components, for example the wheels 650, both seen from the outside of the drum.
- main components for example the main cylinder 200
- secondary components for example the wheels 650
- the mineral together with solid NaCl is added to the interior of the agglomeration drum, through the entrance opening 120 of the feeder box 100.
- the material enters the gasification chamber 210 where, product of the rotation of the drum and aided by the load lifters 213, the ore is mixed with the solid NaCl and with gaseous HCl that enters under pressure into the gasification chamber 210 by means of the chamber perforations 211 and through the nozzle perforations 130.
- a fraction of the HCl is fixed to the mineral due to its humidity (preferably 3 to 5%) producing the chemical attack.
- the pipe 230 has perforations distributed upstream of the agglomeration chamber 220, while the pipe 231 has perforations distributed downstream of the chamber of agglomeration, allowing the water or refine to spread to the material that circulates through the agglomeration chamber prior to the sulfuric acid coming into contact with the material.
- temperatures are generated in the agglomeration chamber. 50 and 80 ° C.
- the agglomeration of the material is produced and the formation of the gaseous HCl begins, the excess of which is collected in the hood 420 of the discharge chamber 400 and driven by the fan 520 and through the gas conduit 510 towards the chamber of gasification 210 to combine it with the ore and solid incoming NaCl in a closed recirculation circuit.
- the solid agglomerate material advances towards the discharge chamber 400 and descends through the discharge box 410 to leave the equipment.
- an agglomeration drum was constructed as illustrated in Figure 1 with a total length of 19826 mm, measured horizontally from the end of the feeder box to the end of the discharge chamber, a width total of 10601 mm measured horizontally from the far ends of the feet and a total height of 10396 mm, measured vertically from the base of the feet to the upper beam.
- the main cylinder was built in sheet steel of a thickness of 400 mm, using thicknesses and materials that allow to resist the work load inside the cylinder, where the working length of the main cylinder is 14200 mm and its external diameter is 3500 mm, describing inlet and outlet ports of internal diameters 1500 mm and 2300 mm, respectively, whose lengths are 300 mm and 1485 mm, respectively.
- the gasification chamber was constructed from titanium, of a thickness and material that allows to resist the work load inside the chamber, with a total length of 5050 mm and an outer diameter of 2700 mm. This camera included fixed load lifters separated by a distance of 396 mm, 50 mm thick and 50 mm high.
- the chamber perforations were made with a diameter of 10 mm for the passage of the recirculated gas that is injected through the injection nozzle.
- the intermediate space between the gasification chamber and the main cylinder is 400 mm, for the circulation of the gas injected from the injection nozzle and towards the chamber perforations.
- the injection nozzle which has a diameter greater than 2200 mm and a connection with the feeder box of 1800 mm in diameter, has perforations of 20 mm in diameter arranged radially at a distance of 1437 mm from the center of the nozzle , which includes a connection to the gas recirculation system that is described as a square perforation of 200 mm edge present in the upper part of the nozzle.
- the agglomeration chamber maintained a total length of 9200 mm and an outer diameter of 2900 mm, which was coated with a vulcanized elastomer material on the inner wall of the main cylinder.
- the impeller was made of titanium with an outer diameter of 3100 mm and width 205 mm, with a front cover of radius 1000 mm and 8 blades spaced at 45 ° and attached to a central axis of 500 mm radius, each of them comprising a concave shaped layer arranged to capture the material inside and lift it together with the rotation of the blades.
- the openings between the front cover and the periphery of the impeller are 350 mm in height, being described between the impeller and the impeller for the lifting of the material and its subsequent deposit towards the central axis.
- Said runner acts as a mixing and conveying element of the material from the gasification chamber to the agglomeration chamber.
- a motor device with a power of 220 hp was used, considering mainly for its design the speed required to have an efficient glomeric quality. In this sense, historical data corresponding to critical and optimum rotation speed were used, values dependent on the diameter of the drum. In addition, the determination of the moment of inertia of the drum was required, considering that said moment is the one that must be overcome to start the drum rotation. Then, obtaining the required torque to start the movement of the drum, the working power can be calculated and, together with it, estimate the required power of the driving device.
- the fan used in the gas recirculation system corresponds to a power fan between 0.09 and 1.1 kW, considering as a design parameter mainly that the fan must extract all or most of the mass flow of gas that is generated inside the agglomeration drum.
- the chemical reaction that occurs inside the drum has an efficiency of approximately 98%, that is, where 2% of the reactants do not react and the rest is transformed into hydrochloric acid with an approximate concentration of 38%
- estimating mass material flows it is estimated that the amount of acid generated is 60000 kg / h. In this sense, and by means of the density of the hydrochloric acid at the indicated concentration, it is obtained that the flow of gas is approximately 50 cubic meters per hour.
- water and HC1 are injected independently, that is, water is injected through a first pipe and acid is injected through a second pipe.
- the injection of water is carried out by perforations in the water pipe located upstream in the agglomeration chamber, while the injection of acid is carried out by perforations in the acid pipe located downstream of the agglomeration chamber.
- the material is moistened and, after a certain space of residence and displacement in the agglomeration chamber, the acid is injected for the reaction.
- the treatments of different samples were carried out in a scale prototype of the reactor of the invention, using low grade copper ores, denominated MI, M2 and M3, where specifically the MI sample is dominated mineralogically by chalcopyrite. (CuFeS 2 ) and calcosine (Cu 2 S).
- the M2 sample is abundant in calcosin (Cu 2 S) and covelin (CuS).
- M3 is mainly chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ).
- the experimental scale model of the reactor of the invention 100 g of different minerals (MI, M2 and M3), of low grade of copper and with a granulometry of 100% -70 mesh ASTM, were charged independently, together with NaCl 15 g / kg mineral, in a reactor, adding water to produce 20% of total humidity and together with the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid considering 100% of the standard acid consumption determined for each sample.
- the agglomerator prototype used in this experiment contains a system for recirculating the gases generated in the central agglomeration chamber of said prototype, where the mixture is kept in constant agitation. The components were mixed for 5 minutes and rest was allowed for a variable time (0, 15 and 30 days).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA2985856A CA2985856A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-05-12 | Agglomeration drum and mineral agglomeration procedure for the pretreatment of minerals |
US15/573,677 US10544480B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-05-12 | Agglomeration drum for pre-treating minerals |
CN201680038417.4A CN107847889B (zh) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-05-12 | 用于预处理矿物的附聚转筒 |
AU2016262178A AU2016262178B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-05-12 | Agglomeration drum for pre-treating minerals |
ZA2017/08260A ZA201708260B (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2017-12-05 | Agglomeration drum for pre-treating minerals |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CL2015001298A CL2015001298A1 (es) | 2015-05-13 | 2015-05-13 | Tambor de aglomeración y procedimiento de aglomeración de mineral para el pretratamiento de minerales. |
CL1298-2015 | 2015-05-13 |
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WO2016179718A1 true WO2016179718A1 (es) | 2016-11-17 |
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PCT/CL2016/050023 WO2016179718A1 (es) | 2015-05-13 | 2016-05-12 | Tambor de aglomeración para el pretratamiento de minerales |
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US (1) | US10544480B2 (es) |
CN (1) | CN107847889B (es) |
AR (1) | AR104611A1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2016262178B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2985856A1 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2015001298A1 (es) |
PE (1) | PE20180370A1 (es) |
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Cited By (2)
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WO2019193403A1 (es) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-10 | Nova Mineralis S.A. | Procedimiento para la solubilización de metales de cobre metalogénicamente primario a partir de minerales y/o concentrados calcopiríticos que lo contienen |
WO2020099912A1 (es) | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | Nova Mineralis S.A. | Método sólido-líquido-sólido para la solubilización de minerales y concentrados de cobre, independiente del potencial redox y con bajo consumo de agua y ácido |
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CL2017001777A1 (es) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-06-29 | Tecnologias Exponenciales En Minerales Spa | Método de extracción de metales base y preciosos mediante un pre tratamiento conducente a la solubilización de sus matrices refractarias o hypexgoldest. |
CN109569379B (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2023-07-11 | 江西希尔康泰制药有限公司 | 一种软膏高效均化生产设备 |
CN113797879B (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-11 | 大余县海龙环保设备有限公司 | 一种卧式湿法冶炼旋转反应釜 |
CL2023002242A1 (es) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-12-29 | Tech Resources Pty Ltd | Lixiviación en pilas asistida por microbios |
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KR100906032B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-29 | 2009-07-02 | 가부시키가이샤 나라기카이세이사쿠쇼 | 분립체의 회전 유동 처리 장치 |
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BE1016644A3 (fr) | 2005-06-17 | 2007-03-06 | Ct Rech Metallurgiques Asbl | Procede d'agglomeration de minerais de fer avec suppression totale d'emissions polluantes vers l'atmosphere. |
CN101506395B (zh) * | 2006-05-12 | 2012-05-30 | Bhp比尔顿有限公司 | 氯化物堆积浸提 |
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- 2016-05-12 PE PE2017002420A patent/PE20180370A1/es unknown
- 2016-05-12 CA CA2985856A patent/CA2985856A1/en active Pending
- 2016-05-12 US US15/573,677 patent/US10544480B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-12 CN CN201680038417.4A patent/CN107847889B/zh active Active
- 2016-05-12 AU AU2016262178A patent/AU2016262178B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-12 WO PCT/CL2016/050023 patent/WO2016179718A1/es active Application Filing
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US3362809A (en) * | 1965-02-03 | 1968-01-09 | Continental Oil Co | Apparatus for granulating fertilizer |
GB1099856A (en) * | 1965-06-15 | 1968-01-17 | Cominco Ltd | Granulation process and apparatus |
GB1236974A (en) * | 1967-07-12 | 1971-06-23 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Apparatus for agglomerating dusts and the like |
US5236492A (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1993-08-17 | Fmc Gold Company | Recovery of precious metal values from refractory ores |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2019193403A1 (es) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-10 | Nova Mineralis S.A. | Procedimiento para la solubilización de metales de cobre metalogénicamente primario a partir de minerales y/o concentrados calcopiríticos que lo contienen |
WO2020099912A1 (es) | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | Nova Mineralis S.A. | Método sólido-líquido-sólido para la solubilización de minerales y concentrados de cobre, independiente del potencial redox y con bajo consumo de agua y ácido |
WO2020099966A1 (es) | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | Nova Mineralis S.A. | Método hidrometalúrgico sólido-líquido-sólido para la solubilización de metales a partir de minerales y/o concentrados sulfurados de cobre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN107847889B (zh) | 2020-10-30 |
CA2985856A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
CL2015001298A1 (es) | 2016-05-20 |
US20180119247A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
AU2016262178B2 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
AR104611A1 (es) | 2017-08-02 |
CN107847889A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
US10544480B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
PE20180370A1 (es) | 2018-02-22 |
AU2016262178A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
ZA201708260B (en) | 2019-05-29 |
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