WO2016174943A1 - Method for forming fertilizer of crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks, and fertilizer of crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks - Google Patents
Method for forming fertilizer of crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks, and fertilizer of crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016174943A1 WO2016174943A1 PCT/JP2016/057880 JP2016057880W WO2016174943A1 WO 2016174943 A1 WO2016174943 A1 WO 2016174943A1 JP 2016057880 W JP2016057880 W JP 2016057880W WO 2016174943 A1 WO2016174943 A1 WO 2016174943A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pineapple
- pineapple leaf
- leaf stem
- fermentation
- crushed
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- 241000234671 Ananas Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 248
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 248
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000219998 Philenoptera violacea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a pineapple leaf / stalk crushed fertilizer and a pineapple leaf / stalk crushed fertilizer formed by the formation method.
- Pineapple rice cake also called pineapple rice cake
- Pineapple rice cake is distributed as a factory by-product and used as livestock feed.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a pineapple waste is formed into a carbide through several steps.
- Patent Document 2 describes that raw garbage is thrown into a container-type composting device, loaded, transported to the vicinity of the demand area, and composting is performed during transport.
- Patent Document 3 describes that plant waste is kept at a moisture content of a certain value or less, and moisture is added and temperature is adjusted according to a program to continue fermentation.
- JP 2012-228883 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-171676 JP 2001-252641 A
- pineapple production area for example in the Philippines, a large amount of pineapple leaf stems after harvesting pineapple fruit are embedded in the pineapple field, causing acidification of the field and causing soil It is a cause of contamination.
- the inventors of the present invention cut pineapple leaf stems after harvesting pineapple fruits with a reaper, crush them, deposit them in a fermentation pool measuring 1m in length, 1m in width and 1m in depth. Attempted fermentation. After about 10 days to 2 weeks, a phenomenon was observed in which water was accumulated at the bottom of the fermentation pool at 1 to 2 mm, and at most, several mm. This moisture is generated with the issuance of pineapple leaves and stems, the pineapple ingredients are dissolved, and discarding as it is not only lost in the pineapple nutrition aspect, but this moisture is also released into the air. When touched, it corrodes and gives off a strange odor. Under such circumstances, fermented pineapple leaf stems cannot be collected as fertilizer.
- the present invention performs management of moisture that is likely to occur by fermentation for a huge amount of pineapple leaf stems after harvesting pineapple fruit, without discarding the nutrients possessed by pineapple,
- An object is to enable the manufacture and shipment of fertilizers without rot and while ensuring sufficient moisture suitable for fermentation of pineapple leaf stems themselves.
- pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems cultivated in a pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and are cultivated under an aerobic bacterial fermentation environment. Is stored and fermented continuously in this state, The pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in a fermentation pool, and is made into a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer, and fermented by an aerobic bacterium at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment, and this fermentation is continued.
- the pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer is mixed with the dried pineapple leaf stalk crushed material, the dried pineapple is used to remove moisture from the pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer during fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed material.
- a pineapple leaf stem crushed body that has been absorbed by the leaf stem crushed body and formed into a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer together with a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer, or a pineapple leaf stem crushed body in advance Low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer is formed in the same way as pineapple leaf stem crushed material mixed with dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material Te performs fermentation continued to provide a method of forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushing member fertilizer and forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushing member fertilizer.
- pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems cultivated in a pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and are cultivated under an aerobic bacterial fermentation environment. Is stored and fermented continuously in this state, The pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in a fermentation pool, and is made into a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer, and fermented by an aerobic bacterium at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment, and this fermentation is continued.
- pineapple leaf stem crushed body When doing Low-drying pineapple leaf stem crushed material in advance, forming a low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material, and continuing fermentation, The dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body is mixed with the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer during the fermentation process, and the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer is dried to remove the moisture that accompanies the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed body. Pine apple leaf stem crushed body with moisture absorbed by apple leaf stem crushed body, and pine apple leaf stem crushed body fertilizer together with pine apple leaf stem crushed body layer, A method for forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer is provided.
- the present invention provides a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer produced by the above-described method for forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer.
- the moisture that is likely to be generated by fermentation is managed by management based on drying of pineapple leaf stems,
- the fertilizer can be produced and shipped while securing sufficient moisture suitable for fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem itself, without discarding or rotting.
- FIG. The figure which shows a pineapple leaf stem crushed body.
- FIG. 1 shows the appearance of a pineapple leaf stem after harvesting the pineapple from the fruit.
- the pineapple leaf stem has a stalk extending from the root, a large number of leaves branching from the entire surface of the stalk, a root in the field, a top apex at the top of the stem, The length from the top leaf to the root of the stalk capital is “L”.
- pineapple leaf stem waste when pineapple leaves and pineapple stems are combined, it is called pineapple leaf stem waste. Pineapple leaf stems themselves retain aerobic bacteria and, when finely cut, ferment naturally with moisture remaining.
- both the case of forming fertilizer by natural fermentation and the case of forming fertilizer by accelerating fermentation by introducing a fermenter of aerobic bacteria can be performed. Unless otherwise specified, this example describes the case where a fertilizer is formed by a natural fermentation method without introducing an aerobic bacterium.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a pineapple leaf stem component comparison.
- Pineapple leaf stems have similar properties in acidic detergent fibers, neutral detergent fibers, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total fibers, and have excellent ingredients as fertilizer and feed ingredients. Pine apple stalks are less in comparison with leaves than total leaves, but are more non-fibrous carbohydrates and cellular contents than pineapple leaves, and have excellent ingredients as feed ingredients.
- pineapple leaf stalk has the same ingredients as pineapple koji, pineapple leaf has many fiber components, pineapple stalk is rich in nutrients as a fertilizer, both are mixed and excellent fertilizer raw material It becomes.
- the pineapple leaf stem left in the pineapple field usually belongs to the farmer.
- pineapple organic fertilizer was formed from pineapple leaf stems by fermentation utilizing the properties of pineapple To do.
- the leaf stem of pineapple in particular, the leaf has not only the same excellent component as pineapple koji but can be used as a fertilizer raw material, and a fertilizer raw material that does not contain other fiber components. It is possible to mix them and bring benefits to agricultural management.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for forming fertilizer from pineapple leaf stems according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fertilizer forming method using pineapple leaf stems as a raw material Process of harvesting and harvesting pineapple leaf stem after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stem cultivated in pineapple field (S1) A step of finely crushing pineapple leaf stems at the time of cutting or after cutting to form a pineapple leaf stem crushed body (S2) A step of bringing the pineapple leaf stem crushed material into the factory, putting it into a stationary or mobile fermentation pool, and forming a pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer by charging (S3); Fermentation process with aerobic bacteria (S4), A process of forming a pineapple leaf stem layer mixed with a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer (S5), In this state, the step of continuing fermentation (S6), Packing process (S7) and shipping process as pineapple fertilizer (S8) Consists of
- This fertilizer forming method is replaced by steps S11 to S13, with steps S1 and S2 being the same.
- S11 to S13 are as follows.
- a step of forming a low-dry pineapple leaf stem crushed body by drying (S11), The process of throwing the formed low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body into the fermentation pool and forming a pineapple leaf stem layer equivalent to the pineapple leaf stem layer (see S5) mixed with the dried pineapple leaf stem (S12), and the process of continuing fermentation and fermentation (S13) Consists of.
- This fertilizer forming method can be combined with the previous fertilizer forming method by providing the route S14.
- the moisture content may be observed by a moisture meter, and drying preparation for moisture adjustment or selection of the optimum means for drying and drying method for moisture adjustment may be made.
- moisture adjustment based on such measurement may be performed, the operation engineer can predict the moisture amount based on many years of experience, and can adjust moisture without depending on the measuring machine.
- the mixed situation in S5 or S12 includes both a mixed state as a pineapple leaf stem layer and a pineapple leaf stem crushed material mixed state.
- the pineapple leaf stem which is a waste product, can have a moisture content higher than a certain value, and can be controlled by controlling moisture and adjusting the temperature according to the program.
- Pineapple leaf stems are sufficiently water-rich and suitable for being fully fermented by aerobic bacteria. If fermentation is performed without adjusting the water content of the fermentation itself, the phenomenon that water is extracted from the pineapple leaf stem and accumulates at the bottom of the fermentation pool will occur. For this reason, it is important to eliminate the accumulation of water that does not hinder fermentation and causes rot. Therefore, when controlling the water content and water content of pineapple, when drying or adding a dried pineapple leaf system, the water content or water content is best set to the limit value that does not form a water pool. It is good to manage.
- the limit value that does not form a water pool has been accumulated by those skilled in the art from past experience, and is stored data when managed by a PC.
- the moisture content can be equivalently replaced with the yield rate or volume reduction rate, and can be stored data that can be visually confirmed by using the yield rate or volume reduction rate.
- the relationship between the moisture content and the yield rate or volume reduction rate is as follows.
- Typical 85% (0.85) is adopted as the moisture content of the leaf stem body in the raw state of pineapple as a raw material.
- One typical example of mixing dried pineapple leaves and stems is that when the amount of pineapple leaves and stems input in S3 is 595 kg, the amount of dried pineapple leaves and stems is 105 kg. is there. From these amounts, the moisture content, yield rate, and volume reduction rate can be easily calculated.
- the pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in the fermentation pool, and the pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer is formed, and the pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacteria fermentation environment. Fermented by its own aerobic bacteria or by administered aerobic bacteria, and when continuing this fermentation, pineapple leaf stem crushed material is mixed with pineapple leaf stem crushed layer, The pineapple leaf stalk crushed body layer is made by absorbing the moisture that accompanies the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stalk crushed body from the body layer into the dried pineapple leaf stalk crushed body.
- pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer or by pre-drying pineapple leaf stem crushed body lowly, A pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer that forms a pine apple leaf stem crushed fertilizer by forming a low dry pine apple leaf stem crushed equivalent to a mixture of dried pine apple leaf stalk fragments A method is formed.
- the pineapple leaf stem crushed material is stored in the fermentation pool, forming a pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer, under a predetermined aerobic bacterial fermentation environment.
- the pineapple leaf stem crushed material is dried in advance to form a low dry pineapple leaf stem crushed material, and the fermentation is continued.
- Dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material is mixed with the crushed apple leaf stem layer, and the dried pineapple leaf stem crushed water is removed from the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer with the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed material.
- Pineapple leaf stem crushed body with water absorption and pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer together with pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer to form pineapple leaf stem crushed body fertilizer It can be a method of forming a body fertilizer. According to this method, it is possible to finally perform moisture management in S5 by setting the degree of drying of the low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body in S11 to be mild.
- FIG. 5 shows a pineapple used in the step (S1) of harvesting and harvesting pineapple leaf stems in the pineapple leaf stem harvesting system 60 after harvesting pineapple fruits from pineapple leaf stems grown in a pineapple field.
- a leaf stem mower 61 is shown.
- the mower 61 includes a mowing unit 64, a crushing unit 62, and a conveying unit 63.
- the mowing part 64 includes a mowing blade whose angle can be adjusted in the vertical direction at the tip.
- the mower 61 is self-propelled and can simultaneously harvest several pineapple leaf stems.
- the harvested pineapple leaf stem is crushed.
- the crushed pineapple leaf stem is transported by a belt conveyor constituting the transport section 63, and the transported pineapple leaf stem is loaded onto a truck 65 and transported to a factory having a fermentation pool.
- FIG. 6 shows a pineapple leaf stem crushed body 17 generated by the step (S2) of pulverizing a pineapple leaf stem at the time of cutting or after cutting, and forming a pineapple leaf stem crushed body.
- FIG. 6 (i) shows a pineapple leaf stem crushed material that has been finely cut
- FIG. 6 (ii) shows a pineapple leaf stem crushed material that has been cut to a slightly larger size
- FIG. 7 shows a drying pool 22 for fermenting a pineapple leaf stem fragment.
- the bottom of the drying pool 22 is provided with a hole 23 for extracting the generated moisture.
- moisture is not extracted from the hole 23.
- the drying pool 22 may have other forms.
- the pineapple leaf stem crushed body maintains the water content at the time of charging, and is subjected to an aerobic natural fermentation state by aerobic bacteria possessed by the pineapple leaf stem crushed body over a period of, for example, 40 days or more at a predetermined room temperature.
- a light drying process for preventing moisture generation that is, a moisture drawing process is inserted and operated. Forty days is a typical example, and fluctuations of several days based on 40 days may be considered.
- aerobic bacteria are introduced, the number of days described above can be shortened.
- the produced fertilizer is packed into a pineapple fertilizer body 24 in a bag.
- the pineapple fertilizer containing each content shown in FIG. 2 is formed, and an effective fertilizer is provided.
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Abstract
A crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks is stored in a fermentation pool, is formed into a layer of the crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks, and is made to ferment by aerobic bacteria at a prescribed indoor temperature under an aerobic bacteria fermentation environment. When this fermentation is continued, a dried crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks is mixed with the layer of the crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks, and moisture generated from the layer of the crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks as a result of the fermentation of the crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks is absorbed by the dried crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks, to produce a moist crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks, and form a fertilizer of the crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks and a layer of the crushed body of pineapple leaves and stalks.
Description
本発明は、パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法およびこの形成方法によって形成されたパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料に関する。
The present invention relates to a method for forming a pineapple leaf / stalk crushed fertilizer and a pineapple leaf / stalk crushed fertilizer formed by the formation method.
パインアップル粕（パイナップル粕ともいわれる）は、工場副産物として流通し、家畜の飼料とされる。
Pineapple rice cake (also called pineapple rice cake) is distributed as a factory by-product and used as livestock feed.
特許文献１には、パイナップル廃棄物をいくつかの工程を経て炭化物を形成することが記載されている。
Patent Document 1 describes that a pineapple waste is formed into a carbide through several steps.
特許文献２には、生ごみをコンテナ型堆肥化装置に投入して、船積みし、需要地近くまで輸送し、輸送中に堆肥化処理を行うことが記載されている。
Patent Document 2 describes that raw garbage is thrown into a container-type composting device, loaded, transported to the vicinity of the demand area, and composting is performed during transport.
特許文献３には、植物性廃棄物を、水分含有率を一定値以下にし、プログラムに従って水分の投入、温度調節を行い、発酵を続けることが記載されている。
Patent Document 3 describes that plant waste is kept at a moisture content of a certain value or less, and moisture is added and temperature is adjusted according to a program to continue fermentation.
いずれの特許文献にも、パインアップル葉茎の肥料化について記載されておらず、パインアップル葉茎の肥料化に伴う課題、課題の解決手段を記載していない。
None of the patent documents describes fertilization of pineapple leaf stems, nor does it describe problems associated with the fertilization of pineapple leaf stems and means for solving the problems.
パインアップルの生産地、例えばフイリピンにあっては、パインアップル実を収穫した後の多量のパインアップル葉茎がパインアップル畑に埋め込まれている状態になっていて、畑の酸性化を招き、土壌汚染の原因となっている。
In a pineapple production area, for example in the Philippines, a large amount of pineapple leaf stems after harvesting pineapple fruit are embedded in the pineapple field, causing acidification of the field and causing soil It is a cause of contamination.
本件発明者等は、パインアップル実を収穫した後のパインアップル葉茎を刈り取り機で刈り取り、破砕して、縦１ｍ×横１ｍ×深さ１ｍの発酵用プールに堆積させて、好気性菌による発酵を試みた。１０日～２週間ぐらい経過すると発酵用プールの底に１～２ｍｍ、多い時には数ｍｍほどの水分が溜まる現象が観測された。この水分は、パインアップル葉茎の発行に伴って生じたものであり、パインアップル成分が溶解しており、このまま破棄することはパインアップル養分面で損失になるばかりでなく、この水分は空気に触れると腐食し、異臭を放ち、このような状況下では、パインアップル葉茎発酵品は、肥料として集荷することが出来ない。
The inventors of the present invention cut pineapple leaf stems after harvesting pineapple fruits with a reaper, crush them, deposit them in a fermentation pool measuring 1m in length, 1m in width and 1m in depth. Attempted fermentation. After about 10 days to 2 weeks, a phenomenon was observed in which water was accumulated at the bottom of the fermentation pool at 1 to 2 mm, and at most, several mm. This moisture is generated with the issuance of pineapple leaves and stems, the pineapple ingredients are dissolved, and discarding as it is not only lost in the pineapple nutrition aspect, but this moisture is also released into the air. When touched, it corrodes and gives off a strange odor. Under such circumstances, fermented pineapple leaf stems cannot be collected as fertilizer.
本発明は、かかる点に鑑み、パインアップル実を収穫した後の膨大な量のパインアップル葉茎について、発酵によって生じ易い水分の管理を行って、パインアップルの持つ養分を廃棄することなく、また腐らせることなく、またパインアップル葉茎自体の発酵に適した十分な水分を確保しつつ、肥料を製造し、出荷することが出来るようにすることを目的とする。
In view of this point, the present invention performs management of moisture that is likely to occur by fermentation for a huge amount of pineapple leaf stems after harvesting pineapple fruit, without discarding the nutrients possessed by pineapple, An object is to enable the manufacture and shipment of fertilizers without rot and while ensuring sufficient moisture suitable for fermentation of pineapple leaf stems themselves.
本発明は、パインアップル畑で育成されたパインアップル葉茎からパインアップル実を収穫した後に収穫されたパインアップル葉茎が、刈り取り時に、あるいは刈り取った後に破砕され、好気性菌発酵環境の下で収納され、この状態を継続して発酵処理されるものであって、
当該パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵させ、この発酵継続するに際して、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること、もしくは予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させたと同等の低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること
を特徴とするパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法を提供する。 In the present invention, pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems cultivated in a pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and are cultivated under an aerobic bacterial fermentation environment. Is stored and fermented continuously in this state,
The pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in a fermentation pool, and is made into a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer, and fermented by an aerobic bacterium at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment, and this fermentation is continued. When the pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer is mixed with the dried pineapple leaf stalk crushed material, the dried pineapple is used to remove moisture from the pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer during fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed material. A pineapple leaf stem crushed body that has been absorbed by the leaf stem crushed body and formed into a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer together with a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer, or a pineapple leaf stem crushed body in advance Low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer is formed in the same way as pineapple leaf stem crushed material mixed with dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material Te performs fermentation continued to provide a method of forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushing member fertilizer and forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushing member fertilizer.
当該パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵させ、この発酵継続するに際して、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること、もしくは予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させたと同等の低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること
を特徴とするパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法を提供する。 In the present invention, pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems cultivated in a pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and are cultivated under an aerobic bacterial fermentation environment. Is stored and fermented continuously in this state,
The pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in a fermentation pool, and is made into a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer, and fermented by an aerobic bacterium at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment, and this fermentation is continued. When the pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer is mixed with the dried pineapple leaf stalk crushed material, the dried pineapple is used to remove moisture from the pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer during fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed material. A pineapple leaf stem crushed body that has been absorbed by the leaf stem crushed body and formed into a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer together with a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer, or a pineapple leaf stem crushed body in advance Low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer is formed in the same way as pineapple leaf stem crushed material mixed with dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material Te performs fermentation continued to provide a method of forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushing member fertilizer and forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushing member fertilizer.
本発明は、パインアップル畑で育成されたパインアップル葉茎からパインアップル実を収穫した後に収穫されたパインアップル葉茎が、刈り取り時に、あるいは刈り取った後に破砕され、好気性菌発酵環境の下で収納され、この状態を継続して発酵処理されるものであって、
当該パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵させ、この発酵継続するに際して、
予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、
発酵継続中のパインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成し、
パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること
を特徴とするパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法を提供する。 In the present invention, pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems cultivated in a pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and are cultivated under an aerobic bacterial fermentation environment. Is stored and fermented continuously in this state,
The pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in a fermentation pool, and is made into a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer, and fermented by an aerobic bacterium at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment, and this fermentation is continued. When doing
Low-drying pineapple leaf stem crushed material in advance, forming a low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material, and continuing fermentation,
The dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body is mixed with the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer during the fermentation process, and the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer is dried to remove the moisture that accompanies the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed body. Pine apple leaf stem crushed body with moisture absorbed by apple leaf stem crushed body, and pine apple leaf stem crushed body fertilizer together with pine apple leaf stem crushed body layer,
A method for forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer is provided.
当該パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵させ、この発酵継続するに際して、
予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、
発酵継続中のパインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成し、
パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること
を特徴とするパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法を提供する。 In the present invention, pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems cultivated in a pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and are cultivated under an aerobic bacterial fermentation environment. Is stored and fermented continuously in this state,
The pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in a fermentation pool, and is made into a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer, and fermented by an aerobic bacterium at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment, and this fermentation is continued. When doing
Low-drying pineapple leaf stem crushed material in advance, forming a low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material, and continuing fermentation,
The dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body is mixed with the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer during the fermentation process, and the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer is dried to remove the moisture that accompanies the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed body. Pine apple leaf stem crushed body with moisture absorbed by apple leaf stem crushed body, and pine apple leaf stem crushed body fertilizer together with pine apple leaf stem crushed body layer,
A method for forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer is provided.
本発明は、上述されたパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法によって製造されたパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を提供する。
The present invention provides a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer produced by the above-described method for forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer.
本発明によれば、パインアップル実を収穫した後の膨大な量のパインアップル葉茎について、発酵によって生じ易い水分の管理をパインアップル葉茎の乾燥に基づく管理によって行って、パインアップルの持つ養分を廃棄することなく、また腐らせることなく行いながら、パインアップル葉茎自体の発酵に適した十分な水分を確保しつつ、肥料を製造し、出荷することが出来る。
According to the present invention, with respect to a huge amount of pineapple leaf stems after harvesting pineapple fruit, the moisture that is likely to be generated by fermentation is managed by management based on drying of pineapple leaf stems, The fertilizer can be produced and shipped while securing sufficient moisture suitable for fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem itself, without discarding or rotting.
以下、本発明の実施例を、図面を用いて説明する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
実施例を説明する前に、パインアップルの葉、パインアップルの茎の成分上の特徴を説明する。図１に、実をパインアップル収穫した後のパインアップル葉茎の外観を示す。
Before describing the examples, the characteristics of the components of pineapple leaves and pineapple stems will be described. FIG. 1 shows the appearance of a pineapple leaf stem after harvesting the pineapple from the fruit.
パインアップル葉茎は、図１に示すように根元から情報の伸びる茎、茎の全面から分岐する多数の葉を有して、畑中に根、茎の上端に頂部頂点を備えて、根元の地表から最上部の葉と茎都の付け根の部分までの長さが“Ｌ”とされる。
As shown in Fig. 1, the pineapple leaf stem has a stalk extending from the root, a large number of leaves branching from the entire surface of the stalk, a root in the field, a top apex at the top of the stem, The length from the top leaf to the root of the stalk capital is “L”.
本発明では、パインアップル葉、パインアップル茎を合わせた時にパインアップル葉茎部廃棄物と称する。パインアップル葉茎は、それ自体が好気性菌を保持し、細かく裁断されると、水分が残留した状態で自然発酵する。本発明の実施にあたっては、自然発酵によって肥料を形成する場合と好気性菌の発酵菌を投入することで発酵を加速させて肥料を形成する場合の双方を行うことが出来る。特に断らない限り、本実施例は、好気性菌の発酵菌を投入することなく、自然発酵方式で肥料を形成する場合について説明する。
In the present invention, when pineapple leaves and pineapple stems are combined, it is called pineapple leaf stem waste. Pineapple leaf stems themselves retain aerobic bacteria and, when finely cut, ferment naturally with moisture remaining. In carrying out the present invention, both the case of forming fertilizer by natural fermentation and the case of forming fertilizer by accelerating fermentation by introducing a fermenter of aerobic bacteria can be performed. Unless otherwise specified, this example describes the case where a fertilizer is formed by a natural fermentation method without introducing an aerobic bacterium.
図２は、パインアップル葉茎成分比較を示す図である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a pineapple leaf stem component comparison.
パインアップル葉茎は、酸性デタ―ジェント繊維、中性デタージェント繊維、非繊維性炭水化物、総繊維で類似した性質を持ち、肥料原料並びに飼料原料としての優れた成分を持つ。パインアップル茎は、総繊維量で、葉に比べてすくないが、非繊維性炭水化物および細胞内容物の成分でパインアップル葉に比べて多く含まれ、飼料原料として優れた成分を持っている。
Pineapple leaf stems have similar properties in acidic detergent fibers, neutral detergent fibers, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total fibers, and have excellent ingredients as fertilizer and feed ingredients. Pine apple stalks are less in comparison with leaves than total leaves, but are more non-fibrous carbohydrates and cellular contents than pineapple leaves, and have excellent ingredients as feed ingredients.
上述したように、パインアップル葉茎は、パインアップル粕と同様の成分を備え、パインアップル葉は繊維成分が多く、パインアップル茎は肥料としての養分に富、両者が混合されて優れた肥料原料となる。
As mentioned above, pineapple leaf stalk has the same ingredients as pineapple koji, pineapple leaf has many fiber components, pineapple stalk is rich in nutrients as a fertilizer, both are mixed and excellent fertilizer raw material It becomes.
パインアップル畑に残されたパインアップルの葉茎は、通常農場主に帰属する。パインアップル畑に残されたパインアップルの葉茎の廃棄物問題を解決するために本実施例では、パインアップルの葉茎からパインアップルの性状を活用した発酵を行うことでパインアップル有機肥料を形成する。後述するようにパインアップルの葉茎は、特に葉は、パインアップル粕と同様の優れた成分を有していて肥料の原料とすること出来るばかりでなく、他の繊維成分を含まない肥料原料とを混在させることを可能にして農業経営に利益をもたらす。
The pineapple leaf stem left in the pineapple field usually belongs to the farmer. In order to solve the waste problem of pineapple leaf stems left in the pineapple field, in this example, pineapple organic fertilizer was formed from pineapple leaf stems by fermentation utilizing the properties of pineapple To do. As will be described later, the leaf stem of pineapple, in particular, the leaf has not only the same excellent component as pineapple koji but can be used as a fertilizer raw material, and a fertilizer raw material that does not contain other fiber components. It is possible to mix them and bring benefits to agricultural management.
図３は、本発明の実施例であるパインアップル葉茎からの肥料形成方法を示すフローチャートである。
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for forming fertilizer from pineapple leaf stems according to an embodiment of the present invention.
図３において、パインアップル葉茎を原料とする肥料形成方法は、
パインアップル畑で育成されたパインアップル葉茎からパインアップル実を収穫した後のパインアップル葉茎を刈り取り収穫する工程（Ｓ１）
刈り取り時に、あるいは刈り取った後にパインアップル葉茎を微細に破砕し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成する工程（Ｓ２）
パインアップル葉茎破砕体を工場に搬入し、固定式あるいは移動式の発酵用プールへ投入し、投入によってパインアップル葉茎破砕体層をする工程（Ｓ３）、
好気性菌による発酵工程（Ｓ４）、
乾燥したパインアップル葉茎投入し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と混在したパインアップル葉茎層の形成工程（Ｓ５）、
この状態で、発酵を継続する工程（Ｓ６）、
梱包工程（Ｓ７）、および
パインアップル肥料としての出荷工程（Ｓ８）
から構成される。 In FIG. 3, the fertilizer forming method using pineapple leaf stems as a raw material,
Process of harvesting and harvesting pineapple leaf stem after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stem cultivated in pineapple field (S1)
A step of finely crushing pineapple leaf stems at the time of cutting or after cutting to form a pineapple leaf stem crushed body (S2)
A step of bringing the pineapple leaf stem crushed material into the factory, putting it into a stationary or mobile fermentation pool, and forming a pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer by charging (S3);
Fermentation process with aerobic bacteria (S4),
A process of forming a pineapple leaf stem layer mixed with a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer (S5),
In this state, the step of continuing fermentation (S6),
Packing process (S7) and shipping process as pineapple fertilizer (S8)
Consists of
パインアップル畑で育成されたパインアップル葉茎からパインアップル実を収穫した後のパインアップル葉茎を刈り取り収穫する工程（Ｓ１）
刈り取り時に、あるいは刈り取った後にパインアップル葉茎を微細に破砕し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成する工程（Ｓ２）
パインアップル葉茎破砕体を工場に搬入し、固定式あるいは移動式の発酵用プールへ投入し、投入によってパインアップル葉茎破砕体層をする工程（Ｓ３）、
好気性菌による発酵工程（Ｓ４）、
乾燥したパインアップル葉茎投入し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と混在したパインアップル葉茎層の形成工程（Ｓ５）、
この状態で、発酵を継続する工程（Ｓ６）、
梱包工程（Ｓ７）、および
パインアップル肥料としての出荷工程（Ｓ８）
から構成される。 In FIG. 3, the fertilizer forming method using pineapple leaf stems as a raw material,
Process of harvesting and harvesting pineapple leaf stem after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stem cultivated in pineapple field (S1)
A step of finely crushing pineapple leaf stems at the time of cutting or after cutting to form a pineapple leaf stem crushed body (S2)
A step of bringing the pineapple leaf stem crushed material into the factory, putting it into a stationary or mobile fermentation pool, and forming a pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer by charging (S3);
Fermentation process with aerobic bacteria (S4),
A process of forming a pineapple leaf stem layer mixed with a pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer (S5),
In this state, the step of continuing fermentation (S6),
Packing process (S7) and shipping process as pineapple fertilizer (S8)
Consists of
この肥料形成方法は、工程Ｓ１，Ｓ２を同じにして、Ｓ１１～Ｓ１３工程によって代替される。Ｓ１１～Ｓ１３は、次の通りである。
This fertilizer forming method is replaced by steps S11 to S13, with steps S1 and S2 being the same. S11 to S13 are as follows.
乾燥することで、低乾燥のパインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成する工程（Ｓ１１）、
形成された低乾燥のパインアップル葉茎破砕体を発酵用プールへ投入し、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎の混在したパインアップル葉茎層（Ｓ５参照）と同等のパインアップル葉茎層を形成する工程（Ｓ１２），および
発酵、発酵を継続させる工程（Ｓ１３）
からなる。この肥料形成方法は、ルートＳ１４を設けることで、先の肥料形成方法に結合させることが出来る。 A step of forming a low-dry pineapple leaf stem crushed body by drying (S11),
The process of throwing the formed low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body into the fermentation pool and forming a pineapple leaf stem layer equivalent to the pineapple leaf stem layer (see S5) mixed with the dried pineapple leaf stem (S12), and the process of continuing fermentation and fermentation (S13)
Consists of. This fertilizer forming method can be combined with the previous fertilizer forming method by providing the route S14.
形成された低乾燥のパインアップル葉茎破砕体を発酵用プールへ投入し、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎の混在したパインアップル葉茎層（Ｓ５参照）と同等のパインアップル葉茎層を形成する工程（Ｓ１２），および
発酵、発酵を継続させる工程（Ｓ１３）
からなる。この肥料形成方法は、ルートＳ１４を設けることで、先の肥料形成方法に結合させることが出来る。 A step of forming a low-dry pineapple leaf stem crushed body by drying (S11),
The process of throwing the formed low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body into the fermentation pool and forming a pineapple leaf stem layer equivalent to the pineapple leaf stem layer (see S5) mixed with the dried pineapple leaf stem (S12), and the process of continuing fermentation and fermentation (S13)
Consists of. This fertilizer forming method can be combined with the previous fertilizer forming method by providing the route S14.
発酵工程（Ｓ４）で、水分計によって水分量が観測され、水分調整のための乾燥の準備、あるいは水分調整のための乾燥と乾燥方法の最適手段の選択がなされるようにしてもよい。このような計測に基づく水分調整がなされてもよいが、操業エンジニアは、長年の経験によって水分量を予測することが可能であり、計測機械に依存することなく水分調整することが可能である。
In the fermentation step (S4), the moisture content may be observed by a moisture meter, and drying preparation for moisture adjustment or selection of the optimum means for drying and drying method for moisture adjustment may be made. Although moisture adjustment based on such measurement may be performed, the operation engineer can predict the moisture amount based on many years of experience, and can adjust moisture without depending on the measuring machine.
Ｓ５あるいはＳ１２における混在状況は、パインアップル葉茎層としての混在状態の場合とパインアップル葉茎破砕体が混在している状態の場合の双方を含む。
The mixed situation in S5 or S12 includes both a mixed state as a pineapple leaf stem layer and a pineapple leaf stem crushed material mixed state.
Ｓ４，Ｓ６あるいは、Ｓ１３における発酵においては、廃棄物であるパインアップル葉茎を、水分含有率を一定値以上にし、プログラムに従って水分の管理、温度調節を行い、発酵を続けることが出来る。パインアップル葉茎は、それ自体が水分を十分に含んでいて好気性菌によって十分に発酵させることに適している。それ自体が持つ水分を調節することなく発酵させると、水分がパインアップル葉茎から抽出され、発酵用プールの底部に溜まってしまう現象が生じてしまう。このために、発酵を妨げることなく、かつ腐敗の原因となる水分の溜まりをなくすることが大切になる。したがって、パインアップルの含水量、含水率の管理は、乾燥させる場合あるいは乾燥したパインアップル葉系を追加する場合に、含水量あるいは含水率が、水分の溜まりを形成しない限界値を最良に値として管理するのがよい。水分の溜まりを形成しない限界値は、当業者には過去の経験から蓄積されており、ＰＣによる管理をするときの格納データとされる。
In the fermentation in S4, S6, or S13, the pineapple leaf stem, which is a waste product, can have a moisture content higher than a certain value, and can be controlled by controlling moisture and adjusting the temperature according to the program. Pineapple leaf stems are sufficiently water-rich and suitable for being fully fermented by aerobic bacteria. If fermentation is performed without adjusting the water content of the fermentation itself, the phenomenon that water is extracted from the pineapple leaf stem and accumulates at the bottom of the fermentation pool will occur. For this reason, it is important to eliminate the accumulation of water that does not hinder fermentation and causes rot. Therefore, when controlling the water content and water content of pineapple, when drying or adding a dried pineapple leaf system, the water content or water content is best set to the limit value that does not form a water pool. It is good to manage. The limit value that does not form a water pool has been accumulated by those skilled in the art from past experience, and is stored data when managed by a PC.
含水率は、歩留率あるいは減容率に等価的に置換可能であり、歩留率あるいは減容率とすることで視覚的に確認出来る格納データとなる。含水率と歩留率あるいは減容率との関係は次の通りである。
The moisture content can be equivalently replaced with the yield rate or volume reduction rate, and can be stored data that can be visually confirmed by using the yield rate or volume reduction rate. The relationship between the moisture content and the yield rate or volume reduction rate is as follows.
低乾燥状態生成にあたっての計算式を説明する。
The calculation formula for generating a low dry state will be described.
前提条件として、
１）乾燥前には、原料としてのパインアップル生状態の葉茎体の重量Ｗ１が計測される。 As a prerequisite,
1) Before drying, the weight W1 of the leaf stem of pineapple raw state as a raw material is measured.
１）乾燥前には、原料としてのパインアップル生状態の葉茎体の重量Ｗ１が計測される。 As a prerequisite,
1) Before drying, the weight W1 of the leaf stem of pineapple raw state as a raw material is measured.
２）原料としてのパインアップル生状態の葉茎体の含水率として、典型的な８５％（０．８５）が採用される。
2) Typical 85% (0.85) is adopted as the moisture content of the leaf stem body in the raw state of pineapple as a raw material.
ａ）原料の乾燥後の重量からその含水率Ｘを導き出す計算式
乾燥前含水率０．８５、乾燥前重量Ｗ１，乾燥後重量Ｗ２として、
Ｘ＝［０．８５－（１－Ｗ２／Ｗ１）］÷（Ｗ２／Ｗ１）
となる。この時に、歩留り率はＷ２／Ｗ１で、減容率は、（１－Ｗ２／Ｗ１）で表わされる。 a) Calculation formula for deriving the moisture content X from the weight after drying of the raw material As moisture content before drying 0.85, weight W1 before drying, weight W2 after drying,
X = [0.85- (1-W2 / W1)] / (W2 / W1)
It becomes. At this time, the yield rate is expressed as W2 / W1, and the volume reduction rate is expressed as (1-W2 / W1).
乾燥前含水率０．８５、乾燥前重量Ｗ１，乾燥後重量Ｗ２として、
Ｘ＝［０．８５－（１－Ｗ２／Ｗ１）］÷（Ｗ２／Ｗ１）
となる。この時に、歩留り率はＷ２／Ｗ１で、減容率は、（１－Ｗ２／Ｗ１）で表わされる。 a) Calculation formula for deriving the moisture content X from the weight after drying of the raw material As moisture content before drying 0.85, weight W1 before drying, weight W2 after drying,
X = [0.85- (1-W2 / W1)] / (W2 / W1)
It becomes. At this time, the yield rate is expressed as W2 / W1, and the volume reduction rate is expressed as (1-W2 / W1).
したがって、
Ｘ＝（０．８５－減容率）÷歩留り率
となる。 Therefore,
X = (0.85-volume reduction rate) ÷ yield rate.
Ｘ＝（０．８５－減容率）÷歩留り率
となる。 Therefore,
X = (0.85-volume reduction rate) ÷ yield rate.
例えば、１００ｋｇのパインアップル葉茎体が乾燥されて２０ｋｇになった場合の含水率Ｘは、
Ｘ＝［０．８５－（１－２０／１００）］÷２０／１００
＝（０．８５－０．８）÷０．２＝０．２５
となり、含水率２５％であることが計算される。 For example, the moisture content X when a 100 kg pineapple leaf stem is dried to 20 kg is:
X = [0.85- (1-20 / 100)] ÷ 20/100
= (0.85-0.8) /0.2=0.25
And it is calculated that the water content is 25%.
Ｘ＝［０．８５－（１－２０／１００）］÷２０／１００
＝（０．８５－０．８）÷０．２＝０．２５
となり、含水率２５％であることが計算される。 For example, the moisture content X when a 100 kg pineapple leaf stem is dried to 20 kg is:
X = [0.85- (1-20 / 100)] ÷ 20/100
= (0.85-0.8) /0.2=0.25
And it is calculated that the water content is 25%.
ｂ） 原料の含水率を予め定めた含水率Ｘ値にするために、重量をいくらまで落とせばよいかの歩留率Ｙを導き出す計算式
Ｙ＝（１－０８５）÷（１－Ｘ）
Ｙ＝（１－０．８５）÷（１－０．２５）＝０．２
よって、この場合には、歩留率を０．２とすることになる。そして、減容率は、０．８となる。 b) Formula for deriving the yield Y of how much weight should be reduced in order to make the moisture content of the raw material the predetermined moisture content X value Y = (1-085) ÷ (1-X)
Y = (1−0.85) ÷ (1−0.25) = 0.2
Therefore, in this case, the yield rate is 0.2. The volume reduction rate is 0.8.
Ｙ＝（１－０８５）÷（１－Ｘ）
Ｙ＝（１－０．８５）÷（１－０．２５）＝０．２
よって、この場合には、歩留率を０．２とすることになる。そして、減容率は、０．８となる。 b) Formula for deriving the yield Y of how much weight should be reduced in order to make the moisture content of the raw material the predetermined moisture content X value Y = (1-085) ÷ (1-X)
Y = (1−0.85) ÷ (1−0.25) = 0.2
Therefore, in this case, the yield rate is 0.2. The volume reduction rate is 0.8.
図４には、処理１から２４が記載され、含水量と歩合率あるいは減容率との関係が記載されている。
In FIG. 4, treatments 1 to 24 are described, and the relationship between the water content and the commission rate or volume reduction rate is described.
乾燥されたパインアップル葉茎を混在させるときの一つの典型的な事例は、Ｓ３において投入されるパインアップル葉茎の量を５９５ｋｇとしたときに、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎の量は、１０５ｋｇである。これらの量から、含水率、歩留率および減容率を容易に計算することが出来る。
One typical example of mixing dried pineapple leaves and stems is that when the amount of pineapple leaves and stems input in S3 is 595 kg, the amount of dried pineapple leaves and stems is 105 kg. is there. From these amounts, the moisture content, yield rate, and volume reduction rate can be easily calculated.
これらの工程によって、パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度でパインアップル葉茎破砕体自体が持つ好気性菌によって、あるいは投与された好気性菌によって発酵させ、この発酵継続するに際して、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること、もしくは予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させたと同等の低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成するパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の方法が形成される。
By these steps, the pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in the fermentation pool, and the pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer is formed, and the pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacteria fermentation environment. Fermented by its own aerobic bacteria or by administered aerobic bacteria, and when continuing this fermentation, pineapple leaf stem crushed material is mixed with pineapple leaf stem crushed layer, The pineapple leaf stalk crushed body layer is made by absorbing the moisture that accompanies the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stalk crushed body from the body layer into the dried pineapple leaf stalk crushed body. With pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer, or by pre-drying pineapple leaf stem crushed body lowly, A pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer that forms a pine apple leaf stem crushed fertilizer by forming a low dry pine apple leaf stem crushed equivalent to a mixture of dried pine apple leaf stalk fragments A method is formed.
また、これら２つの手法を結合させることで、パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵させ、この発酵継続するに際して、予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、発酵継続中のパインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成するパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成する方法とすることが出来る。この方法によれば、Ｓ１１の低乾燥のパインアップル葉茎破砕体の乾燥程度を軽度なものとして、Ｓ５にて最終的に水分管理を行うようにすることが出来る。
In addition, by combining these two methods, the pineapple leaf stem crushed material is stored in the fermentation pool, forming a pineapple leaf stalk crushed material layer, under a predetermined aerobic bacterial fermentation environment. In order to continue the fermentation by aerobic bacteria, the pineapple leaf stem crushed material is dried in advance to form a low dry pineapple leaf stem crushed material, and the fermentation is continued. Dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material is mixed with the crushed apple leaf stem layer, and the dried pineapple leaf stem crushed water is removed from the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer with the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed material. Pineapple leaf stem crushed body with water absorption and pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer together with pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer to form pineapple leaf stem crushed body fertilizer It can be a method of forming a body fertilizer. According to this method, it is possible to finally perform moisture management in S5 by setting the degree of drying of the low-dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body in S11 to be mild.
図５は、パインアップル畑で育成されたパインアップル葉茎からパインアップル実を収穫した後のパインアップル葉茎収穫システム６０でのパインアップル葉茎を刈り取り収穫する工程（Ｓ１）に用いられるパインアップル葉茎の刈り取り機６１を示す。
FIG. 5 shows a pineapple used in the step (S1) of harvesting and harvesting pineapple leaf stems in the pineapple leaf stem harvesting system 60 after harvesting pineapple fruits from pineapple leaf stems grown in a pineapple field. A leaf stem mower 61 is shown.
図５に示すように、刈り取り機６１は、刈り取り部６４、破砕部６２および搬送部６３からなる。刈り取り部６４は、先端に上下方向に角度調節可能な刈り取り刃を備える。刈り取り機６１は、自走式であり、数条のパインアップル葉茎を同時に刈り取ることが出来る。刈り取られたパインアップル葉茎は、破砕される。破砕されたパインアップル葉茎は、搬送部６３を構成するベルトコンベアによって搬送され、搬送されたパインアップル葉茎体は、トラック６５に積み込まれ、発酵用プールを備えた工場に運ばれる。
As shown in FIG. 5, the mower 61 includes a mowing unit 64, a crushing unit 62, and a conveying unit 63. The mowing part 64 includes a mowing blade whose angle can be adjusted in the vertical direction at the tip. The mower 61 is self-propelled and can simultaneously harvest several pineapple leaf stems. The harvested pineapple leaf stem is crushed. The crushed pineapple leaf stem is transported by a belt conveyor constituting the transport section 63, and the transported pineapple leaf stem is loaded onto a truck 65 and transported to a factory having a fermentation pool.
図６は、刈り取り時に、あるいは刈り取った後にパインアップル葉茎を破砕し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成する工程（Ｓ２）によって生成されたパインアップル葉茎破砕体１７を示す。
FIG. 6 shows a pineapple leaf stem crushed body 17 generated by the step (S2) of pulverizing a pineapple leaf stem at the time of cutting or after cutting, and forming a pineapple leaf stem crushed body.
図６（ｉ）は、より細かく裁断されたパインアップル葉茎破砕体を示し、図６（ｉｉ）は、少し大きめの寸法に裁断されたパインアップル葉茎破砕体を示す。
FIG. 6 (i) shows a pineapple leaf stem crushed material that has been finely cut, and FIG. 6 (ii) shows a pineapple leaf stem crushed material that has been cut to a slightly larger size.
パインアップル葉茎破砕体は、微細なほど自然発酵が促進される。一般的に粒度が大きいほど半乾燥の時間が長くされる。粒度は、適宜選択される。
自然 The more fermented pineapple leaf stems are, the more natural fermentation is promoted. Generally, the larger the particle size, the longer the semi-drying time. The particle size is appropriately selected.
図７は、パインアップル葉茎破砕体を発酵させるための乾燥用プール２２を示す。乾燥用プール２２の底部には、発生した水分引抜き用の孔２３が設けられる．本実施例によって正常に操作されている時にはこの孔２３から水分が抜き出されることはない。乾燥用プール２２は他の形態であってもよい。
FIG. 7 shows a drying pool 22 for fermenting a pineapple leaf stem fragment. The bottom of the drying pool 22 is provided with a hole 23 for extracting the generated moisture. When the operation is normally performed according to the present embodiment, moisture is not extracted from the hole 23. The drying pool 22 may have other forms.
パインアップル葉茎破砕体は、投入時の水分量を維持し、所定の室内温度で例えば４０日以上の期間に亘ってパインアップル葉茎破砕体が持つ好気性菌による好気性自然発酵状態がなされる。４０日以上経過すると、パインアップル葉茎破砕体から、完熟発酵させたパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料が形成される。この間に、上述したように水分発生防止のための軽度の乾燥工程、すなわち水分引抜き工程が挿入、操作される。４０日は典型的な例であり、４０日を基本として数日の変動が考慮されてよい。好気性菌を投入する場合には、上述した日数を短縮することが出来る。
The pineapple leaf stem crushed body maintains the water content at the time of charging, and is subjected to an aerobic natural fermentation state by aerobic bacteria possessed by the pineapple leaf stem crushed body over a period of, for example, 40 days or more at a predetermined room temperature. The When 40 days or more have elapsed, a pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer that has been fully fermented is formed from the pineapple leaf stem crushed material. During this time, as described above, a light drying process for preventing moisture generation, that is, a moisture drawing process is inserted and operated. Forty days is a typical example, and fluctuations of several days based on 40 days may be considered. When aerobic bacteria are introduced, the number of days described above can be shortened.
生成された肥料は、梱包され、袋詰めのパインアップル肥料体２４とされる。図２に示す各内容物を含んだパインアップル肥料が形成され、有効な肥料が提供される。
The produced fertilizer is packed into a pineapple fertilizer body 24 in a bag. The pineapple fertilizer containing each content shown in FIG. 2 is formed, and an effective fertilizer is provided.
２４ 袋体（パインアップル肥料）、６０ パインアップル葉茎収穫システム、６１ 刈り取り機、６２ 破砕部、６３ 搬送部、６４ 刈り取り部、６５ トラック。
24 sachets (pineapple fertilizer), 60 pineapple leaf stem harvesting system, 61 mower, 62 shredding unit, 63 transport unit, 64 mowing unit, 65 trucks.
24 sachets (pineapple fertilizer), 60 pineapple leaf stem harvesting system, 61 mower, 62 shredding unit, 63 transport unit, 64 mowing unit, 65 trucks.
Claims (4)
- パインアップル畑で育成されたパインアップル葉茎からパインアップル実を収穫した後に収穫されたパインアップル葉茎が、刈り取り時に、あるいは刈り取った後に破砕され、好気性菌発酵環境の下で収納され、この状態を継続して発酵処理されるものであって、
当該パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵させ、
この発酵継続するに際して、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、
パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること、もしくは予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、発酵継続を行い、パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること
を特徴とするパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法。 Pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems grown in the pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and stored in an aerobic fermentation environment. The state is continuously fermented,
The pineapple leaf and stem crushed material is stored in a fermentation pool and is made into a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed material layer and fermented by an aerobic bacterium at a predetermined indoor temperature under an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment,
When this fermentation is continued, the dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material is mixed with the pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer, and the water generated by the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed material from the pineapple leaf stem crushed material layer is dried. Pineapple leaf stem crushed body and absorbed pineapple leaf stem crushed body and without water,
Form pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer together with pineapple leaf stem crushed layer, or dry pineapple leaf stem crushed material in advance and continue fermentation to form pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer A method for forming a crushed fertilizer of pineapple leaves and stems. - パインアップル畑で育成されたパインアップル葉茎からパインアップル実を収穫した後に収穫されたパインアップル葉茎が、刈り取り時に、あるいは刈り取った後に破砕され、好気性菌発酵環境の下で収納され、この状態を継続して発酵処理されるものであって、
当該パインアップル葉茎破砕体を、発酵用プールに収納し、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層となし、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度でパインアップル葉茎破砕体を好気性菌によって発酵させ、
この発酵継続するに際して、予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、
発酵継続中のパインアップル葉茎破砕体層に乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体を混在させ、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層からパインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共にパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成し、
パインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料を形成すること
を特徴とするパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料の形成方法。 Pineapple leaf stems harvested after harvesting pineapple fruit from pineapple leaf stems grown in the pineapple field are crushed at the time of cutting or after cutting and stored in an aerobic fermentation environment. The state is continuously fermented,
The crushed pineapple leaves and stems are stored in a fermentation pool to form a crushed pineapple leaf and stem layer, and the crushed pineapple leaves and stems at a predetermined indoor temperature in an aerobic bacteria fermentation environment. Fermented by
When this fermentation is continued, the pineapple leaf stem crushed material is dried in advance to form a low dry pineapple leaf stem crushed material, and the fermentation is continued.
The dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body is mixed with the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer during the fermentation process, and the pineapple leaf stem crushed layer is dried to remove the moisture that accompanies the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed body. Pine apple leaf stem crushed body with moisture absorbed by apple leaf stem crushed body, and pine apple leaf stem crushed body fertilizer together with pine apple leaf stem crushed body layer,
A method for forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer, comprising forming a pineapple leaf and stem crushed fertilizer. - 発酵用プールに収納され、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵されてなるパインアップル葉茎破砕体からなるパインアップル葉茎破砕体層と、
乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体と、を前記発酵用プールで混在させてなるパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料であって、
前記パインアップル葉茎破砕体層から前記パインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、前記乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共に形成される、もしくは予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、発酵継続を行うことで形成されるパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料。 A pineapple leaf stem crushed layer composed of pineapple leaf stem crushed material stored in a fermentation pool and fermented by aerobic bacteria at a predetermined indoor temperature under an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment;
A pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer comprising a dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material mixed in the fermentation pool,
The dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body is absorbed by the dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body from the pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer and fermented with the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed body. A pineapple leaf and stem crushed body fertilizer that is formed together with a pineapple leaf and leaf crushed body layer or formed by low-drying a pineapple leaf and stem crushed body in advance and continuing fermentation. - 発酵用プールに収納され、好気性菌発酵環境の下で、所定の室内温度で好気性菌によって発酵されてなるパインアップル葉茎破砕体からなるパインアップル葉茎破砕体層と、
当該発酵継続するに際して、予めパインアップル葉茎破砕体を低乾燥させて、低乾燥パインアップル葉茎破砕体を形成して、発酵継続を行い、
乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体と、を前記発酵用プールで混在させてなるパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料であって、
前記パインアップル葉茎破砕体層から前記パインアップル葉茎破砕体の発酵に伴って生じる水分を、前記乾燥したパインアップル葉茎破砕体に吸収させて水分を持ったパインアップル葉茎破砕体となし、パインアップル葉茎破砕体層と共に形成されるパインアップル葉茎破砕体肥料。
A pineapple leaf stem crushed layer composed of pineapple leaf stem crushed material stored in a fermentation pool and fermented by aerobic bacteria at a predetermined indoor temperature under an aerobic bacterium fermentation environment;
When the fermentation is continued, the pineapple leaf stem crushed material is dried in advance to form a low dry pineapple leaf stem crushed material, and the fermentation is continued.
A pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer comprising a dried pineapple leaf stem crushed material mixed in the fermentation pool,
The dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body is absorbed by the dried pineapple leaf stem crushed body from the pineapple leaf stem crushed body layer and fermented with the fermentation of the pineapple leaf stem crushed body. Pineapple leaf stem crush body fertilizer, formed with pineapple leaf stem crush body layer.
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| CN201680023627.6A CN107531585A (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-03-11 | The forming method and pineapple stem and leaf grinding bodies fertilizer of pineapple stem and leaf grinding bodies fertilizer |
| PH12017501267A PH12017501267B1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-07-11 | Method of producing crushed pineapple leaf and stalk fertilizer and crushed pineapple leaf and stalk fertilizer |
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| JP2015093126A JP5819018B1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2015-04-30 | Pineapple leaf stem crushed fertilizer formation method |
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| CN107318363B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2020-09-29 | 东南大学 | Pineapple harvester |
| CN113692855A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 安徽捷思新材料科技有限公司 | Straw returning method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5230662A (en) * | 1975-08-24 | 1977-03-08 | Hideaki Tanaka | Process for production retionalizing of pineapple canning industry by producing feed and fertilizers from pineapple waste peel |
| JPH08253385A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-10-01 | Kiyobumi Hashimoto | Organic raw fertilizer containing implanted vegetable fiber, its production and treating apparatus therefor |
| JP2012228683A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2012-11-22 | Jfe Shoji Trade Corp | Method for treating tropical plant waste or wood waste and recycling method thereof |
| CN103027188A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-04-10 | 合浦果香园食品有限公司 | Deep processing method of pineapple skin and residues |
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| CN102150746B (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2013-12-18 | 广东海洋大学 | Packaged and fermented pineapple dreg feed and energy-saving processing method thereof |
| CN104140303A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-11-12 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for composting and fermenting pineapple stems and leaves into bioorganic fertilizer |
| JP5744304B1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-07-08 | 千秋 櫛田 | Pineapple leaf stem waste processing method, arithmetic device used in this method, and pineapple leaf stem waste processing system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5230662A (en) * | 1975-08-24 | 1977-03-08 | Hideaki Tanaka | Process for production retionalizing of pineapple canning industry by producing feed and fertilizers from pineapple waste peel |
| JPH08253385A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-10-01 | Kiyobumi Hashimoto | Organic raw fertilizer containing implanted vegetable fiber, its production and treating apparatus therefor |
| JP2012228683A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2012-11-22 | Jfe Shoji Trade Corp | Method for treating tropical plant waste or wood waste and recycling method thereof |
| CN103027188A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-04-10 | 合浦果香园食品有限公司 | Deep processing method of pineapple skin and residues |
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| PH12017501267A1 (en) | 2018-01-15 |
| JP5819018B1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
| PH12017501267B1 (en) | 2018-01-15 |
| CN107531585A (en) | 2018-01-02 |
| JP2016210635A (en) | 2016-12-15 |
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