WO2016170283A1 - Promoteurs inductibles de trichoderma reesei - Google Patents
Promoteurs inductibles de trichoderma reesei Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016170283A1 WO2016170283A1 PCT/FR2016/050950 FR2016050950W WO2016170283A1 WO 2016170283 A1 WO2016170283 A1 WO 2016170283A1 FR 2016050950 W FR2016050950 W FR 2016050950W WO 2016170283 A1 WO2016170283 A1 WO 2016170283A1
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/38—Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2437—Cellulases (3.2.1.4; 3.2.1.74; 3.2.1.91; 3.2.1.150)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2445—Beta-glucosidase (3.2.1.21)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the invention relates to strains of Trichoderma reesei whose inducibility of the promoters of the genes involved in the degradation of cellulose is modified.
- biomass The natural cellulosic raw materials for such a process are referred to as “biomass” or “lignocellulosic biomass”.
- biomass Many types of biomass, such as wood, agricultural residues, herbaceous crops and municipal solid waste, have been considered as potential raw materials for biofuel production.
- the plant wall contains three main types of compounds that are closely related: cellulose and hemicelluloses, polymers of sugars, and lignin, a complex compound consisting of phenylpropane units.
- Lignin is associated with the fibrillar network (consisting of cellulose and hemicelluloses) by chemical bonds (especially ether or ester bonds) and hydrogen bonds, which makes the fibrillar material difficult to access and hydrolyzable.
- a physico-chemical pretreatment is generally applied to disintegrate this complex structure and give access to carbohydrates containing fermentable sugars, it is mainly cellulose.
- This polymer consists of glucose molecules linked together by ⁇ 1-4 bonds very resistant to degradation or depolymerization. Once the cellulose is converted into glucose, it is easily fermented to biofuel, for example ethanol, using yeast.
- Hemicelluloses are heteropolymers consisting mainly of pentose units (xylose, arabinose) or hexoses (mannose, glucose and galactose) which may be in their acetylated or methylated forms.
- exo-P-1,4-glucanases or cellobiohydrolases which cut the polysaccharide chains at their ends by releasing cellobiose units (glucose dimer),
- endo-P-1,4-glucanases which cut the cellulose chains randomly, thus generating new ends that may be attacked by the exoglucanases
- ⁇ -glucosidases which hydrolyze cellobiose into two glucose units.
- Hemicellulases which effect the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses, are as varied in their nature as hemicelluloses. Among these are the
- ⁇ -xylosidases and ⁇ -mannosidases which cleave the xylose or mannose dimers, respectively
- Trichoderma reesei (or T. reesei) is a saprophytic filamentous fungus of Ascomycetes division. T. reesei is now considered the only microorganism capable of meeting the global cellulase requirements of agrofuel applications due to its high secretion capacity.
- This cellulolytic cocktail also contains 5 endoglucanases (CEL7B, CEL5A, CEL5B, CEL12A and CEL45A) and ⁇ -glucosidases (mainly BGLI) which are associated with auxiliary proteins that are supposed to help the breakdown of cellulose, such as swollenin, proteins CIP1 and CIP2 or "lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases" (LPMOs or AA9).
- BGLI ⁇ -glucosidases
- T. reesei In addition to its cellulolytic system, T. reesei also has a complex hemicellulolytic system consisting of 4 xylanases (XYN1 to 4), xyloglucanase (CEL74A), ⁇ -xylosidase (BXL1), 3-alpha arabinofuranosidases (ABF1-3), 2-arabinofuranosidases / p-xylosidases, acetyl xylan esterase (AXE1) and ⁇ -mannanase (MAN1).
- XYN1 to 4 xyloglucanase
- BXL1 ⁇ -xylosidase
- ABS1 3-alpha arabinofuranosidases
- AXE1 acetyl xylan esterase
- MAN1 ⁇ -mannanase
- lactose it is always necessary to add a certain amount of lactose. It has also been proposed to replace lactose with xylose, which is a xylan hydrolysis product and one of the majority sugars obtained during the pre-treatment stage of the biomass, to reduce the cost of production.
- xylose which is a xylan hydrolysis product and one of the majority sugars obtained during the pre-treatment stage of the biomass.
- the cellulase genes and the bgl1 gene in particular, coding for the main extracellular ⁇ -glucosidase are not induced by xylose or other xylan degradation products. Consequently, the use of a less expensive inducing sugar such as xylose does not make it possible to reduce the production cost of cellulases.
- the inventors have developed modified T. reesei strains, in which regulatory elements of the xynl and xynl xylanase gene promoter sequences have been inserted into the cellulase promoters.
- This modification made it possible to confer the inducibility of the xylanases to the cellulase genes.
- the expression of cellulases by these T. reesei strains is induced by the presence of an inducing substrate, said inducing substrate exerting no inducing effect on a wild T. reesei strain, for the production of such cellulase.
- the invention relates to a strain of Trichoderma reesei whose genome is modified by the insertion of at least one regulatory element of the promoter sequence of a gene selected from xynl and xyn2, in the sequence promoter of a gene coding for a cellulase, it being understood that:
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprises the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 1 or the sequence represented in FIG.
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprises the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 2 or the sequence represented in FIG.
- said insertion takes place between positions -800 and 0 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for said cellulase.
- said cellulase is chosen from exo-P-1,4-glucanases or cellobiohydrolases, endo-P-1,4-glucanases and ⁇ -glucosidases. More preferentially, said cellulase is ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the genome of T. reesei is modified such that the promoter of the ⁇ -glucosidase encoding gene ⁇ g1 comprises a sequence selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, 6, 8 or 9.
- the production of cellulases by said strain is inducible by the presence of an inducing substrate selected from xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose or xylo-oligomers; arabinose; a composition comprising glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose and acetic acid; and their mixtures.
- an inducing substrate selected from xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose or xylo-oligomers; arabinose; a composition comprising glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose and acetic acid; and their mixtures.
- the T. reesei strains according to the invention maintain the inducibility of the production of cellulases by the conventionally used substrates, such as lactose or cellulose.
- the strain of the invention is characterized in that the production of cellulase by said strain is inducible by lactose, cellulose or a mixture of lactose or cellulose with an inducing substrate selected from: xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose, arabinose; a composition comprising a mixture of glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose and acetic acid; and their mixtures.
- the regulatory element of the xynl gene promoter sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1 and is inserted between positions -628 and -411 relative to the translation initiation site. of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the regulatory element of the xynl gene promoter sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and is inserted between positions -633 and 0 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene encoding ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the regulatory element of the xynl gene promoter sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and is inserted between positions -396 and -341 relative to the translation initiation site. of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 and is inserted between positions -395 and 0 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene encoding ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the invention in a second aspect, relates to a mutation cassette comprising a sequence chosen from the sequences represented in SEQ ID Nos. 10 to 14, preferably a sequence chosen from the sequences represented in SEQ ID Nos. 10, 11, 13 and 14. .
- the invention relates to the uses of a strain of T. reesei according to the invention, especially for the production of cellulolytic enzymes, for the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose, for the production of biobased products. from glucose, or for the production of biofuels.
- Xylan or its hydrolysis products xylose or xylobiose
- C5 sugars such as xylose or arabinose
- T. reesei xylanases xynl and xynl
- This induction involves the activation of the transcription factor Xyrl.
- Xyr1 binds to the repeated 5'-GGCTAA-3 'repeat and 10 bp repeat. We are talking about "xyrl" motif.
- Induction requires the simultaneous binding of a Xyrl dimer, with each monomer binding to one of the portions of the repetitive-inverted sequence.
- These elements lie within a region of 217 bp, between -538 and -321bp upstream of the translation initiation site (ATG) of the xynl gene. This region has been designated as containing all the elements controlling the expression of xynl (Rauscher et al., 2006, Zeilinger et al., 1996). This sequence is represented in SEQ ID No. 1.
- xynl gene a 55-bp element, the "activating xylanase element," which confers regulation of the gene has been demonstrated.
- This region contains the binding motif for factor Xyrl, as well as transcription factors ACE2 and HAP2 / 3/5 (Wurleitner et al., 2003). This sequence is represented in SEQ ID No. 2.
- the inventors have succeeded in inserting regulatory elements of the promoter sequences of xylanase xynl and xynl genes into the promoters of the genes encoding cellulases.
- This genetic modification has made it possible to develop T. reesei strains whose cellulase expression is induced by the presence of an inducing substrate, said inducing substrate exerting no inducing effect on a wild T. reesei strain for the production of such cellulase.
- the invention relates to a strain of Trichoderma reesei whose genome is modified by the insertion of at least one regulatory element of the promoter sequence of a gene chosen from xynl and xynl, in the promoter sequence of the gene coding for cellulase,
- the regulatory element of the xynl gene promoter sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3;
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprises the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 2 or the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 4.
- Trichoderma reesei or T. reesei is a cellulolytic filamentous fungus. Given the ability of T. reesei to secrete large amounts of cellulases and hemicellulases, this strain is of great interest for production of enzymes for the transformation of plant biomass materials into bioproducts useful for industry, such as bioethanol.
- reference strain of T. reesei is meant a strain of Trichoderma reesei selected from strains QM6a, NG14, RUTC30 and QM9414. These strains are accessible to the public and have been the subject of deposits, respectively under the numbers:
- ATCC 13631 (strain QM6a);
- ATCC 56767 (strain NG14);
- strain according to the invention or “modified strain” is meant indifferently in the present application a strain of Trichoderma reesei, at least one promoter of a gene coding for a cellulase has been modified.
- promoter or “promoter sequence” is meant a DNA sequence adjacent to the transcription initiation site. The promoter is therefore located upstream of the initiation site and carries sequence elements recognized by the RNA polymerase which determine the direction of transcription. Indeed, the promoter comprises not only sequences defining the transcription initiation site but also consensus sequences of RNA polymerase binding sites and transcription complexes as well as regulatory motifs recognized by activation factors. or repression of transcription.
- the inventors mutated the promoter of the bgl1 gene in such a way as to modify the inducibility of the strain. These modifications consist in the insertion of a sequence chosen from the sequences represented in SEQ ID No. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Part of the native sequence of the bgll promoter, for its part, is represented in SEQ ID N 15. More specifically, SEQ ID No. 15 represents the 1250 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the wild strain of Trichoderma reesei.
- the strain of the invention is characterized in that said insertion takes place between positions -1250 and 0 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for said cellulase.
- the reference to the position with respect to the site of initiation of the translation of a gene is understood by the position on the strain before the insertion of a regulatory element, that is to say before the mutation. This numbering can therefore easily be established with respect to the native sequence of the bgl1 promoter, such as in particular represented in SEQ ID No. 15 for ⁇ -glucosidase.
- said insertion takes place between positions - 1200 and 0, preferably between positions -1100 and 0, preferentially between positions -1000 and 0, preferably between positions -900 and 0, preferably between positions -800 and 0 more preferably between positions -700 and 0 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for said cellulase.
- this insertion is between positions -700 and -400 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for said cellulase.
- this insertion is between positions -628 and -411 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for said cellulase.
- this insertion is between positions -400 and -300, more preferably between positions -396 and -341 relative to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for said cellulase.
- the strain of the invention is characterized in that said insertion does not take place at positions -1224; - 1218; -881; -874; -811; -805 relative to the translation initiation site of the cellulase gene.
- cellulase is meant an enzyme adapted to the hydrolysis of cellulose and allowing the microorganisms that produce them to use cellulose as a source of carbon, by hydrolyzing this polymer into simple sugars (glucose).
- said cellulase is chosen from exo-P-1,4-glucanases or cellobiohydrolases, endo-P-1,4-glucanases and ⁇ -glucosidases. More preferentially, said cellulase is a ⁇ -glucosidase, preferably that encoded by the bgll gene.
- said insertion takes place in the promoter of the gene coding for extracellular ⁇ -glucosidase, that is to say in the bgll promoter.
- the invention relates to a strain of Trichoderma reesei whose genome is modified by the insertion of at least one regulatory element of the promoter sequence of a gene chosen from xynl and xyn2 into the promoter sequence of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the HAP2 / 3/5 and xyrl motifs present on the promoter of the bglI gene, are not modified and remain intact.
- the HAP2 / 3/5 and xyrl motifs correspond to nucleic motifs recognized by transcription factors XYR1 and HAP2 / 3/5.
- the genome of the strain of the invention may be modified by substitution of a fragment of the bgl1 promoter with a regulatory element of the promoter sequence of an xynl or xynl gene.
- the T. reesei genome can be modified by:
- the inducibility of cellulase production by the T. reesei strain according to the invention is modified. More specifically, this production can be induced by the presence of an inducing substrate, preferably an inducing sugar, which exerts little or no effect on a wild T. reesei strain.
- wild T. reesei strain or "unmodified T. reesei strain” is meant a strain of T. reesei which does not comprise a mutation as described in the present invention, that is to say a strain whose Promoters of the cellulase genes are not modified. Said wild strain can also be a reference strain of T. reesei.
- induction is meant the synthesis of enzymes in response to the appearance of a specific product. It is known that microorganisms avoid the synthesis of enzymes, for example a metabolic pathway, in the absence of suitable substrates and that the latter are ready to synthesize such enzymes if the substrate reappears.
- the strain according to the invention has the particularity of producing cellulases in the presence of a substrate which is not the substrate of the cellulase thus produced, in particular xylose.
- xylose does not induce cellulase production in wild T. reesei strains.
- the inventors have succeeded in developing a strain whose inducibility is modified with respect to the wild T. reesei strain.
- inducing substrate is meant a compound inducing an increase in the expression of the targeted metabolic activity, any experimental condition being equal, the metabolic activity is greater when the inducer is at an appropriate concentration than when he is absent or at an inappropriate concentration.
- said inducing substrate is preferably a sugar in the form of monomer, oligomer or polymer.
- said inducing substrate is chosen from
- the T. reesei strains according to the invention maintain the inducibility of the production of cellulases by the conventionally used substrates, such as lactose or cellulose.
- the strain of the invention is characterized in that the production of cellulase by said strain is inducible by lactose, cellulose and a mixture of lactose with an inducing substrate selected from: xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose; arabinose; a composition comprising glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose and acetic acid; and their mixtures.
- the strain of the invention is characterized in that the production of cellulase by said strain is inducible by
- hydrolyzate hemicellulose is meant a composition comprising a mixture of glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose and acetic acid.
- said inducing substrate is a mixture of xylan, xylose, xylobiose and / or arabinose.
- said substrate is the hydrolyzate of hemicellulose.
- said substrate is xylan.
- said substrate is xylose.
- said substrate is xylose oligomers.
- xylose oligomer or "xylo-oligomer” is meant a solution comprising at least one compound selected from a dimer, a trimer, a tetramer, and a xylose pentamer.
- said oligomer of xylose is xylobiose.
- modifying the inducibility of cellulase production refers to the genetic modification of the promoter of a cellulase gene, which results in this promoter becoming inducible by a substrate. inductor.
- the presence of said inducing substrate in the culture medium leads to the production of said cellulase by the modified strain, it being understood that said inducing substrate exerts little or no effect on a T. reesei strain. wild.
- the particularity of the invention lies in the fact that the cellulase genes remain inducible by their own inducing substrates, such as lactose, cellobiose or cellulose.
- the inventors have exemplified several different strains of T. reesei whose promoter of the bgl1 gene has been modified. For the sake of clarity, these constructions are called constructions or strains C1, C2, C4 and C5.
- the genome of Trichoderma reesei is modified such that the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1 is inserted between positions -628 and -411 compared to the translation initiation site of the gene encoding ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene consists of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 1.
- the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 1 is inserted between positions 622 and 839 of the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 15.
- This modified strain of T. reesei is referred to as "Cl construct” or "Cl strain".
- the strain was substituted for 217 base pairs (bp) of the bgl1 promoter by 217 bp of the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene. Therefore, the promoter of the bgl1 gene of the construct C1 comprises the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 5. This sequence represents the 1250 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C1 construct.
- the genome of Trichoderma reesei is modified such that the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is inserted between positions -633 and 0 by compared to the site of initiation of the translation of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the reference to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase refers to the position before the insertion of the mutation.
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene consists of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 3. The sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 3 is therefore inserted between the positions 617 and 1250 of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 15.
- This modified strain of T. reesei is referred to as "C2 construction” or "C2 strain".
- the strain was substituted for 633 bp of the bgl1 promoter by 541 bp of the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene.
- the sequence is juxtaposed with the translation initiation site of bgl1. Therefore, the promoter of the bgl1 gene of construct C2 comprises the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6. This sequence represents the 1200 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C2 construct.
- the genome of Trichoderma reesei is modified such that the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 2 is inserted between positions -396 and -341 compared to the translation initiation site of the gene encoding ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene consists of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 2. The sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 2 is therefore inserted between the positions 854 and 909 of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 15.
- This modified strain of T. reesei is referred to as "C4 construct” or "C4 strain".
- the strain underwent a 55 bp substitution of the bgl1 promoter by 55 bp of the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xyn2 gene. Consequently, the promoter of the bgl1 gene of the C4 construct comprises the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 8. This sequence represents the 1250 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C4 construct.
- the genome of Trichoderma reesei is modified such that the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xyn2 gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 4 is inserted between positions -395 and 0 by compared to the site of initiation of the translation of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the reference to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase refers to the position before the insertion of the mutation.
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xyn2 gene consists of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 4. The sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 4 is therefore inserted between the positions 855 and 1250 of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 15.
- This modified strain of T. reesei is referred to as "C5 construct” or "C5 strain".
- the strain was substituted for 395 bp of the bgl1 promoter by 235 bp of the regulatory element of the xyn2 gene promoter sequence.
- the sequence is juxtaposed with the translation initiation site. Consequently, the promoter of the bgl1 gene of the C5 construct comprises the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 9. This sequence represents the 1151 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C5 construct.
- Strains C1, C2, C4 and C5 are inducible by sugars which did not exert little or no inducing effect in wild T. reesei strains. In particular, these strains are inducible by xylose for the production of ⁇ -glucosidase.
- another subject of the invention relates to a strain of Trichoderma reesei whose genome is modified so that the promoter of the ⁇ -glucosidase comprises a sequence chosen from the sequences represented in SEQ ID No. 5, 6, 8 or 9.
- the genome of the strain of the invention is modified so that the promoter of the ⁇ -glucosidase more preferably comprises the sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 8 or 9.
- said genome comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 5.
- C3 construct or "C3 strain”.
- the genome of Trichoderma reesei is modified so that the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 16 is inserted between positions -1121 and -893 relative to the site for initiation of the translation of the gene coding for ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 16 is therefore inserted between the positions 129 and 357 of the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 15.
- the strain was substituted for 228 bp of the bgl1 promoter by 230 bp of the regulatory element of the xynl gene promoter sequence.
- the promoter of the bgl1 gene of the C3 construct comprises the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 7. This sequence represents the 1250 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C3 construct.
- the C3 construct is therefore characterized by an insertion of the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the selected xynl gene upstream of the -800 and 0 positions relative to the translation initiation site of the gene coding for said cellulase.
- the strain C3 has a lower inducibility of cellulase production than that observed for the other constructions. In particular, this construct is not inducible by xylose for the production of ⁇ -glucosidase.
- the invention in a second aspect, relates to mutation cassettes comprising a sequence selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID SEQ ID Nos. 10 to 14. These cassettes are linear cassettes making it possible to obtain a strain according to the invention from a wild T. reesei strain.
- cassette or “mutation cassette” is meant a DNA structure allowing the integration of a gene of interest or a fragment of said gene of interest into a target DNA fragment, typically according to the principle of homologous recombination.
- said cassette is linear and comprises a module comprising a marker gene and / or the gene to be integrated, this module being flanked on either side of DNA fragments homologous to those of the ends of the targeted integration site.
- the cassette comprising the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 10 is used to obtain the C1 strain, that is to say a T. reesei strain whose genome is modified so that the control element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is inserted between positions -628 and -411 relative to the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene.
- the cassette comprising the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 11 is used to obtain the strain C2, that is to say a T. reesei strain whose genome is modified so that the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is inserted between positions -633 and 0 relative to the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene.
- the cassette comprising the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 12 is used to obtain strain C3, that is to say a T. reesei strain whose genome is modified so that the control element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 16 is inserted between positions -1121 and -893 relative to the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene.
- the cassette comprising the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 13 is used to obtain the strain C4, that is to say a T. reesei strain whose genome is modified so that the control element of the sequence Promoter of the xynl gene comprising the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is inserted between positions -396 and -341 relative to the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene.
- the cassette comprising the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 14 is used to obtain the strain C5, that is to say a T.
- the mutation cassettes are the sequences represented in SEQ ID Nos. 10, 11, 13 and 14. In one embodiment, the mutation cassettes are the sequences represented in SEQ ID No. 13 or 14. In another embodiment embodiment, said genome comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 10.
- cassettes are used to insert mutations in the T. reesei genome.
- Mutational techniques are known to those skilled in the art. It is possible to provide different techniques ensuring the mutation of interest. It will be possible, for example, to use the mutationsystems known to those skilled in the art, as well as the insertions or other modifications of DNA obtained by the homologous recombination techniques.
- this insertion is implemented by homologous recombination, typically using a vector or a linear cassette.
- the cassette is co-transformed with a vector that contains the selection marker.
- the term "vector” is intended to mean any DNA sequence in which it is possible to insert foreign nucleic acid fragments, the vectors making it possible to introduce foreign DNA into a host cell.
- vectors are plasmids, cosmids, artificial yeast chromosomes (YAC), artificial chromosomes of bacteria (BAC) and artificial chromosomes derived from bacteriophage PI (PAC), vectors derived from viruses.
- the vector according to the invention allows the introduction of a mutation and / or a deletion.
- the nucleic acid as described above may be operably linked to a promoter, a terminator or any other sequence necessary for its expression in the host cell.
- the vector according to the invention carries a selection marker.
- the selection marker is present on a second vector.
- selection marker is meant a gene whose expression confers on the cells containing it a characteristic allowing them to be selected. This is for example an antibiotic resistance gene or a gene conferring independence vis-à-vis a particular metabolite.
- the mutation cassette can then be amplified according to standard techniques well known to those skilled in the art, typically by a method chosen from conventional cloning, PCR fusion, or in vivo cloning in yeast by PCR. In the context of the invention, this cassette is preferentially amplified by PCR.
- the mutation cassette is then recombinantly introduced into a T. reesei strain that does not express a selectable marker gene.
- mutant strains having incorporated the mutation cassette are selected according to the expression or absence of the selection marker; clones having been transformed expressing said selection marker.
- said mutation cassette is a linear cassette.
- This mutation cassette can be obtained after cloning into a vector as described above and transformation of T. reesei.
- the integration of a gene of interest into a target DNA fragment is done according to the principle of homologous recombination.
- a linear cassette comprises a module comprising the portion of DNA to be integrated flanked on either side of DNA fragments homologous to those of the ends of the integration site. target. After transformation of the fungus with the cassette by appropriate methods, homologous recombination between the construction sequences and corresponding regions of the target gene results in the replacement of the target DNA fragment by the integration cassette.
- a second cassette includes the selective marker gene.
- said mutation cassette may be a substitution cassette allowing
- the invention relates to the use of the strain according to the invention for the production of cellulolytic enzymes, preferably in the presence of an inducing substrate selected from xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose; arabinose; a hydrolyzate of hemicellulose; and their mixtures.
- an inducing substrate selected from xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose; arabinose; a hydrolyzate of hemicellulose; and their mixtures.
- inducers may be mixed with a cellulase-inducing substrate, such as lactose or cellulose, to obtain a higher induction.
- Another subject of the invention also relates to the use of the strain according to the invention for the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose.
- Another subject of the invention relates to the use of the strain according to the invention for the production of biobased products from glucose.
- Biobased product means any product which is not of fossil origin and which does not contain any organic product of fossil origin.
- fluossil product means any organic product derived from petroleum or coal or from petroleum or coal products. Preferentially, in the context of the invention, it is an alcohol, such as isopropanol, butanol or ethanol.
- another subject of the invention relates to the use of the strain according to the invention for the production of biofuels.
- the term "biofuel” can be defined as any product resulting from the transformation of biomass and can be used for energy purposes.
- biogas products which can be incorporated (possibly after further processing) into a fuel or be a fuel in their own right, such as alcohols (the ethanol, butanol and / or isopropanol depending on the type of fermentative organism used), solvents (acetone), (butyric) acids, lipids and their derivatives (short or long chain fatty acids, esters of fat), as well as hydrogen.
- the biofuel according to the invention is an alcohol, for example ethanol, butanol and / or isopropanol. More preferably, the biofuel according to the invention is ethanol.
- the invention relates to a process for producing ⁇ -glucosidase comprising the step of culturing a strain of Trichoderma reesei whose genome is modified by the insertion of at least one regulatory element of the promoter sequence of a gene chosen from xynl and xynl, in the promoter sequence of the gene encoding ⁇ -glucosidase,
- the regulatory element of the xynl gene promoter sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3;
- the regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene comprises the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 2 or the sequence represented in SEQ ID No. 4,
- a substrate selected from lactose and cellulose or a mixture thereof;
- an inducing substrate selected from xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose; arabinose; a composition comprising glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose and acetic acid; and their mixtures. All of the above technical specifications apply here.
- the invention relates to a process for producing a biofuel, preferably ethanol, from cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, comprising steps of pretreatment of a cellulosic or lignocellulosic substrate, of enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated substrate, and alcoholic fermentation of the obtained hydrolyzate, in which is used to produce the cellulolytic and / or hemicellulolytic enzymes, a strain of Trichoderma reesei according to the invention in the presence of an inducing substrate selected from xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose; arabinose; a hydrolyzate of hemicellulose; and their mixtures.
- an inducing substrate selected from xylan; xylose; oligomers of xylose; arabinose; a hydrolyzate of hemicellulose; and their mixtures.
- SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 3 represent a regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4 represent a regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene.
- SEQ ID No. 5 represents the 1250 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C1 construct.
- SEQ ID No. 6 represents the 1200 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C2 construct.
- SEQ ID No. 7 represents the 1250 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C3 construct.
- SEQ ID No. 8 represents the 1250 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C4 construct.
- SEQ ID No. 9 represents the 1151 bp preceding the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene in the C5 construct.
- SEQ ID NO: 10 represents the cassette used to obtain the construction Cl.
- SEQ ID No. 11 represents the cassette used to obtain the construction C2.
- SEQ ID NO: 12 represents the cassette used to obtain the C3 construction.
- SEQ ID NO: 13 represents the cassette used to obtain the C4 construction.
- SEQ ID No. 14 represents the cassette used to obtain the C5 construction.
- SEQ ID No. 15 represents the 1250 bp preceding the site for initiation of the translation of the bgl1 gene into the wild strain of Trichoderma reesei. It is therefore a fragment of the native promoter of bgl1 in T. reesei.
- SEQ ID No. 16 represents a regulatory element of the promoter sequence of the xynl gene. This sequence also includes the sequence as represented in SEQ ID No. 1.
- Figure 1 Schematic of the 4 constructs of the bgll promoter
- C1 to C3 contain xynl promoter sequences
- C4 and C5 contain motifs from the xynl promoter.
- the HAP2 / 3/5 and Xyrl motifs identified within the bgl1 promoter are maintained.
- Figure 2 Ratio of transcripts bgl1 at 4, 24, and 48 h in the modified strains and the control strain relative to the level of transcripts bgl1 to T0 (normalized to 1).
- the expression was normalized with respect to the sari gene whose expression is constant. These are the average values obtained in two clones per construct, and two cultures / clone, except for C2.
- Figure 2A shows the results for QM9414 Aku70 pyr4-
- FIG. 2C shows the results for the C2 construction
- FIG. 2D shows the results for the C3 construct
- FIG. 2F shows the results for the C5 construct.
- the substrates tested are as follows:
- Xylose 0.07% which corresponds to a mixture of 0.075% xylose and 1% glycerol
- the expression was normalized with respect to the sari gene whose expression is constant.
- FIG. 4 beta-glucosidase activities measured in the supernatants of the cultures of the RutC30 control strain and the two clones comprising the C4 construct, 48 or 72 h after addition of lactose (Lac), xylan (XN) or hemicellulose hydrolyzate substrates.
- the inventors have developed several exemplary constructions C1, C2, C4 and C5 and a construct C3 used to show the positive effect of the xynl motif, as follows:
- Construction C3 substitution of a fragment located upstream of the cis elements of the bgl1 promoter by a minimal sequence allowing the regulation of the promoter of the xynl gene.
- Construction C4 substitution of a fragment of the bgl1 promoter by a minimal sequence allowing the regulation of the promoter of the xynl gene.
- Construction C5 Substitution of a fragment of the bgl1 promoter by the minimal promoter of the xynl gene.
- the constructs were made using the Gibson Assembly Cloning Kit (New England Biolabs).
- the design of the primers for the amplification of the DNA fragments to be associated was carried out via the software http://nebuilder.neb.com/. These primers have been designed to have a tail of 15 to 80bp, which is complementary to the end of the fragment to be joined.
- the vector plasmid used was the bacterial plasmid pUC19, carrying the ampicillin resistance gene ampR. Before being used as a vector, this plasmid was opened by restriction enzymes Xhol and EcoRI (New England Biolabs) and purified on a column (PCR Purification kit, Qiagen).
- the plasmid was amplified by transformation in E. coli (provided in the kit) and extracted (Plasmid Plus Midi kit, Qiagen).
- the replacement cassettes were amplified from the plasmid extracted by PCR.
- T. reesei was grown in Roux vials containing 200 mL of Potato Dextrose Broth (Difco Laboratories USA) for 3 days at 30 ° C without shaking.
- the mycelium was collected by filtration on sterile gauze and washed in 200 ml of buffer KPAM ((NH 4) 2 S0 4 0.6M, KH 2 P0 4 25 mM; pH 5.8) via a 30 min incubation at 37 ° C, 150 rpm.
- KPAM buffer KPAM
- the fungal wall of the cells was digested by incubation with 100 mL of KPAm buffer containing 30 mg / mL of Glucanex (Novozymes).
- the cells were then passed on fritted glass, recovered in the filtrate and transferred into 5 Corex 20 mL tubes. They were then precipitated by centrifugation (4000 rpm, 5 min, 4 ° C). Each pellet was washed with 20 mL of CTS10 Buffer (0.4 M sucrose, 100 mM pH 7.5 Tris-HCl, 10 mM CaCl 2 ) and after centrifugation (4000 rpm, 5 min, 4 ° C) the protoplasts been collected in 3 tubes. They were resuspended in 20 mL of CTS10 and precipitated by further centrifugation (4000 rpm, 5 min, 4 ° C).
- CTS10 Buffer 0.4 M sucrose, 100 mM pH 7.5 Tris-HCl, 10 mM CaCl 2
- the cells were diluted in 40 mL of selective overlay medium (selective medium agar supplemented with 0.8 M sucrose to maintain the osmotic pressure of the protoplasts) warm (between 50 and 55 ° C) prior to be plated on 5 dishes (8 ml / dish) of selection medium (selective agar medium supplemented with 0.2 M sucrose).
- selective overlay medium selective medium agar supplemented with 0.8 M sucrose to maintain the osmotic pressure of the protoplasts
- selection medium selective agar medium supplemented with 0.2 M sucrose
- RNA extraction, retro transcription and quantitative PCR The frozen mycelium was taken up in 700 ⁇ l of RLT buffer (RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen) supplemented with 7 ⁇ l ⁇ of pure ⁇ -mercaptoethanol and ground in tubes containing beads (Lysing matrix C, MP Biomedicals) with the Fastprep (MP Biomedicals) shaker for 40 sec at maximum speed. The tubes were then centrifuged for 5 min (4 ° C, 14,000 rpm) and the supernatant transferred to QIAshredder columns (Qiagen) to separate the liquid phase from the cell debris.
- RLT buffer RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen
- the Cl, C2 and C3 constructs contain the 217 bp motif identified as responsible for the induction of the xynl gene, this sequence being represented in SEQ ID No. 1.
- the C4 and C5 constructs in turn, contain the 55 bp essential for the induction of the xynl gene (Zeilinger et al., 1996), this sequence being represented in SEQ ID No. 2.
- the motifs were placed at the same distance from the transcription start (symbolized by an arrow in Figure 1) as in their original genes.
- the 153 bp distance between the beginning of the xynl motif and the start of xynl transcription is conserved in C1 and C2, and the 82 bp distance observed in xynl is conserved at the C4 and C5 constructs.
- the xynl motif was placed upstream of the cis elements of the bgl1 promoter to demonstrate the positional effect of the xynl motif.
- constructs C2 and C5 in addition to the induction element pattern, the entire sequence downstream of the xynl and xynl genes to the beginning of the coding sequence (thus including the 5 'UTR sequence) was inserted. Since 5'UTR is shorter in the xynl and xynl genes than in the bgll gene, the total length upstream of the translation initiation site (ie ATG) is therefore shorter than in bgll. . After transformation, PCR and locus sequencing were performed to confirm the correct insertion of the motifs. Two clones for each construct were chosen for analysis (with the exception of C2, for which only one clone could be obtained). For these, the modified strains and the starting strain QM9414 Aku70 pyr4- were put in the presence of different carbon sources:
- the bgl1 gene is significantly induced only in the presence of lactose in the control strain (panel A). This induction is reduced, but always present, in the strains having integrated the Cl, C2 and C3 constructions, that is to say containing the xynl motif in the bgll promoter. Strains possessing the C4 and C5 constructs, on the other hand, retain a significant (60 to 90-fold) induction by lactose.
- xylan and hemicellulose hydrolyzate also leads to induction in these four strains, of about the same order of magnitude as in the presence of 1% xylose.
- the C3 construct confers inducibility only in the presence of xylan, but not in the presence of the pentose monomers, emphasizing the importance of the proper positioning of the xynl motif in the promoter and with respect to the initiation of transcription and translation: If the xynl motif is placed between -1121 and -893 bp before the translation initiation site of the bgl1 gene, no induction by the pentose monomers is observed.
- the sequence between the xynl and xynl motif, respectively, and the initiator codon also has an effect on inducibility: in strains possessing the C2 construct, the bgl1 gene is induced more prominently in the presence of xylan and hemicellulose hydrolyzate. in the strains possessing the C1 construct.
- this induction is more or less strong.
- the inventors have shown that it is possible to change the expression profile of ⁇ -glucosidase, but also of cellulases in the presence of inexpensive inductors such as xylose and thus to obtain a cocktail having cellulase activities. -glucosidase and xylanase balanced under these conditions.
- the inventors have also modified the promoter of the bgl1 gene in a T. reesei RutC30 hyperproductive strain.
- the ⁇ -glucosidase activities are determined by the hydrolysis of the p-nitrophenol-glucopyranoside substrate (pNPG) to glucose and p-nitrophenol which absorbs light at 410 nm.
- the reaction mixture contains 90 ⁇ l of pNPG substrate (5 mM in 50 mM citrate buffer at pH 4.8) and 10 ⁇ l of culture supernatant, possibly diluted beforehand.
- RNA was extracted and the expression of the bgl1 gene determined by RT-qPCR. In parallel, the activity of beta-glucosidase was measured in the supernatants taken at T 48h and 72h. The results are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
- the level of expression of the bgl1 gene in the modified strains is multiplied by a factor of 60 to 100 in the presence of lactose after 6 hours of exposure, compared to the strain RutC30.
- This increase in transcript level results in an increase in activity by a factor of 2 and 3 after 48 and 72 h, respectively, in strains with modified promoter.
- the level of expression of the bgl1 gene in these strains in the presence of xylan increases by a factor of 50 to 60 after 6 h and on hydrolyzate of hemicellulose by a factor of 5 to 6, relative to the control strain. RutC30.
- the beta-glucosidase activity increases only slightly in the presence of xylan, but doubles on a hemicellulose hydrolyzate for one of the two clones.
- the results with the hyperproductive strain RutC30 thus confirm that integration of the xyn2 motif into the bgl1 promoter leads to an increase in gene expression.
- this strain which is not subject to catabolic repression, unlike strain QM414, the increase is observed not only on pentoses, but also on lactose.
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US15/568,257 US10407699B2 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2016-04-22 | Modified strains of Trichoderma reesei having cellulase promoters with xylase gene promoting sequences |
BR112017021613-2A BR112017021613A2 (pt) | 2015-04-23 | 2016-04-22 | promotores induzíveis de trichoderma reesei |
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CN114685632A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-01 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | 转录抑制因子121121的应用及提高里氏木霉纤维素酶表达量和酶活的方法 |
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CN113897365B (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-06-14 | 山东大学 | 一种里氏木霉cbh1基因启动子突变体及其构建方法和应用 |
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JP7138505B2 (ja) | 2017-08-09 | 2022-09-16 | 花王株式会社 | 改変プロモーター |
US11542499B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2023-01-03 | Kao Corporation | Modified promoter |
CN114685632A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-07-01 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | 转录抑制因子121121的应用及提高里氏木霉纤维素酶表达量和酶活的方法 |
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FR3035406B1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 |
CA2981966A1 (fr) | 2016-10-27 |
AU2016252207B2 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
EP3286299A1 (fr) | 2018-02-28 |
CN107624129B (zh) | 2021-05-28 |
US10407699B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
CN107624129A (zh) | 2018-01-23 |
BR112017021613A2 (pt) | 2018-07-03 |
US20180112239A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
AU2016252207A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
FR3035406A1 (fr) | 2016-10-28 |
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