WO2016158897A1 - 細胞のシート形成能の評価方法 - Google Patents
細胞のシート形成能の評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016158897A1 WO2016158897A1 PCT/JP2016/060010 JP2016060010W WO2016158897A1 WO 2016158897 A1 WO2016158897 A1 WO 2016158897A1 JP 2016060010 W JP2016060010 W JP 2016060010W WO 2016158897 A1 WO2016158897 A1 WO 2016158897A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/4833—Physical analysis of biological material of solid biological material, e.g. tissue samples, cell cultures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/026—Dielectric impedance spectroscopy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and system for evaluating the sheet forming ability of cells.
- Non-Patent Document 1 fetal cardiomyocytes, skeletal myoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac stem cells, ES cells, etc. have been tried to repair myocardial tissue damaged by ischemic heart diseases such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
- Patent Document 1 cell structures formed using scaffolds and sheet-shaped cell cultures in which cells are formed into sheets have been developed.
- sheet cell culture For the application of sheet cell culture to the treatment, use of cultured epidermis sheet for skin damage caused by burns, use of corneal epithelial sheet cell culture for corneal injury, oral mucosa sheet for endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer Studies such as the use of cell cultures are ongoing.
- Patent Document 2 determines the sheet-like state of the sheet-like cell culture by measuring the non-adherent cell concentration in the liquid medium or the change in the sheet culture.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method for calculating the adhesion rate between a sheet-forming cell and a culture container, and determining the formation of a sheet-shaped cell culture based on this.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for evaluating the sheet forming ability of cells.
- the present inventor studied the sheet-shaped cell culture, and even when the sheet-shaped cell culture was produced under the same culture conditions, the sheet-shaped cell culture was broken when peeled from the culture substrate, and the sheet shape In some cases, the sheet-like cell culture may spontaneously peel off from the culture substrate before the end of the sheet culture period. Then, if we were able to determine in some way whether cells could form a normal sheet-like cell culture under normal conditions, we proceeded further research and thought that the production of sheet-like cell culture could be made more efficient.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that cells capable of forming a normal sheet-shaped cell culture can be distinguished from cells not capable of forming a normal sheet-like cell culture based on numerical values such as the electrical resistance of the cell culture at the time of culture.
- the present invention relates to the following. ⁇ 1> (1) determining impedance and / or electrical resistance of a cell culture during sheet culture or a numerical value related thereto, (2) comparing the numerical value determined in step (1) with a reference value; (3) A method for evaluating cell sheet-forming ability, comprising the step of determining cell sheet-forming ability based on the comparison result obtained in step (2).
- ⁇ 2> (1) determining the impedance and / or electrical resistance of a cell culture during sheet culture or a numerical value related thereto, (2) comparing the numerical value determined in step (1) with a reference value; (3) A step of determining the sheet-forming ability of cells based on the comparison result obtained in step (2) (4) A step of controlling the manufacturing process of the sheet-shaped cell culture based on the determination result obtained in step (3) A method for producing a sheet-shaped cell culture.
- ⁇ 3> The method according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2> above, wherein in step (1), determination of impedance and / or electrical resistance is periodically performed.
- step (1) determination of impedance and / or electrical resistance is periodically performed.
- step (1) the phase of the voltage with respect to the current is further determined.
- step (1) the impedance determination in step (1) is performed at two or more frequencies.
- a numerical value related to impedance is a parameter selected from the group consisting of electrical resistance, capacitance, Rb, ⁇ , Rb / ⁇ , Cm of cell culture, and peak value, peak time and peak of the parameter.
- ⁇ 7> Any one of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein in step (3), when the electric resistance is less than or equal to a reference value or less than the reference value, it is determined that the cell sheet forming ability is low.
- the method described in 1. ⁇ 8> The above ⁇ 6> or ⁇ 7>, wherein in step (3), when Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ are equal to or less than the reference value or smaller than the reference value, it is determined that the cell sheet forming ability is low. The method described in 1.
- step (3) when Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ are greater than or equal to a reference value or greater than the reference value, the cell sheet forming ability is determined to be appropriate or excessive, ⁇ 6> or ⁇ 7>.
- step (3) when the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak value of electrical resistance, the peak value of Rb, and the slope to the peak of Rb is less than or equal to the reference value, and / or Alternatively, when the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak time of electrical resistance and the peak time of Rb is greater than or equal to a reference value or greater than the reference value, the cell sheet forming ability is determined to be low ⁇ 6> The method described in 1.
- step (3) the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak time of electrical resistance and the peak time of Rb is less than or equal to the reference value and less than the reference value, and the peak value of Rb / ⁇ and Rb
- the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the slopes up to the peak of / ⁇ is less than or equal to the reference value and / or selected from the group consisting of the peak time of electrical resistance and the peak time of Rb
- the cell sheet forming ability is determined to be appropriate. 6>.
- step (3) if the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak value of Rb / ⁇ and the slope to the peak of Rb / ⁇ is greater than or equal to the reference value, and / or The method according to ⁇ 6> above, wherein when the peak time of Rb / ⁇ is equal to or less than a reference value or smaller than the reference value, the cell sheet forming ability is determined to be excessive.
- a system for evaluating the sheet-forming ability of a cell comprising a container for culturing cells into a sheet and a measuring instrument for determining impedance and / or electrical resistance of the cell culture in the container .
- the sheet forming ability of the cell can be determined by the sheet forming ability evaluation method of the present invention
- the sheet-like cell culture is adjusted by adjusting the manufacturing process of the sheet-like cell culture according to the sheet forming ability of the cells. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of manufacturing.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of a release sheet.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the appearance of the weak sheet.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the appearance of a normal sheet.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing temporal changes in electrical resistance (R) of a weak sheet (Weak), a normal sheet (Normal), and a release sheet (Detaching).
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes over time in Rb and ⁇ of a weak sheet (Weak), a normal sheet (Normal), and a release sheet (Detaching).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change over time of Rb / ⁇ of a weak sheet (Weak), a normal sheet (Normal), and a release sheet (Detaching).
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of a release sheet.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the appearance of the weak sheet.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the appearance of a normal sheet.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the peak values of electrical resistance (R), Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ of a weak sheet (Weak), a normal sheet (Normal), and a release sheet (Detaching). * Represents p ⁇ 0.005.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the electric resistance (R), Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ peak times of the weak sheet (Weak), normal sheet (Normal), and release sheet (Detaching).
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the slopes of the weak sheet (Weak), normal sheet (Normal), and release sheet (Detaching) to the electric resistance (R), Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ peaks. * Represents p ⁇ 0.005.
- One aspect of the present invention is (1) determining the impedance and / or electrical resistance of a cell culture during sheeting culture or a numerical value related thereto, (2) comparing the numerical value determined in step (1) with a reference value; (3) A method for evaluating cell sheet-forming ability including the step of determining cell sheet-forming ability based on the comparison result obtained in step (2) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “sheet-forming ability evaluation method”). )
- sheet forming ability means the ability of cells to form a sheet-shaped cell culture.
- the “sheet-like cell culture” refers to a cell-like form in which cells are connected to each other by intercellular adhesion or the like.
- the sheet forming ability is a comprehensive ability relating to cell sheet formation, including intercellular adhesion ability, adhesion ability to a culture substrate, and the like.
- the sheet-shaped cell culture is typically composed of one cell layer, but also includes those composed of a laminate of two or more cell layers.
- cells may be linked to each other directly (including those via cell elements such as adhesion molecules) and / or via intervening substances.
- the intervening substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that can connect cells at least physically (mechanically), and examples thereof include an extracellular matrix.
- the intervening substance is preferably derived from cells, particularly derived from cells constituting the sheet-shaped cell culture.
- the cells are at least physically (mechanically) connected, but may be further functionally, for example, chemically or electrically connected.
- the sheet-like cell culture may be attached to the culture substrate or may be released (peeled), but is typically released from the culture substrate while maintaining the sheet shape (isolation). Sometimes referred to as sheet cell culture or free sheet cell culture).
- sheet culture means culturing cells seeded in a culture vessel so as to form a sheet-like cell culture (that is, to form a sheet).
- cells capable of forming a sheet-like cell culture are seeded in a culture vessel, and cultured under conditions for forming a cell-cell adhesion for a predetermined period of time so that the cells interact with each other. This is done by connecting cells together.
- Conditions that form cell-cell adhesion include any conditions that can form cell-cell adhesion, including but not limited to, general cell culture conditions. Examples of such conditions include culture at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
- those skilled in the art can select optimal conditions according to the type of cells to be seeded.
- Non-limiting examples of sheet culture are described in, for example, Patent Document 1, JP 2010-081829, JP 2010-226991, JP 2011-110368, JP 2011-172925, WO 2014/185517, and the like.
- Cell seeding can be performed by any known method and condition.
- Cell seeding may be performed by, for example, injecting a cell suspension in which cells are suspended in a sheeting medium into a container.
- an apparatus suitable for the operation of injecting the cell suspension such as a dropper or a pipette, can be used.
- the seeding density of the cells is not particularly limited, and may be a density at which a sheet-like cell culture can be formed without substantially growing the cells, for example. “The density at which cells can form a sheet-shaped cell culture without substantial growth” means that the sheet-shaped cell culture is expressed when cultured in a non-proliferating medium that does not substantially contain growth factors. It means the cell density that can be formed. This seeding density is higher than that in the method using a culture solution containing a growth factor, and may be equal to or higher than the density at which cells reach confluence. A non-limiting example of such density is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / cm 2 or more.
- the upper limit of the seeding density is not particularly limited as long as the formation of the cell culture is not impaired and the cells do not shift to differentiation, but may be less than 3.4 ⁇ 10 6 cells / cm 2 .
- the density at which cells can form a sheet-shaped cell culture without substantial growth is 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 3.4 ⁇ 10 6 cells / cm 2 in one embodiment, and 3. 0 ⁇ 10 5 to 3.4 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / cm 2 , in yet another embodiment, 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 to 3.4 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / cm 2 , and in yet another embodiment, 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 3.4 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / cm 2 , in another embodiment 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 1.7 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / cm 2 , and in another embodiment 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 to 1.7 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / cm 2 , and in yet another aspect, 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 to 1.7 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / cm 2 .
- the said range may include both an upper limit and a lower limit, or any one thereof. Therefore, the density is, for example, 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / cm 2 or more and less than 3.4 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / cm 2 (including the lower limit and not including the upper limit), 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 pieces / cm 2.
- the sheeting medium used for forming the sheet is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity.
- physiological saline various physiological buffers including electrolytes (for example, PBS, HBSS, etc.), various cell cultures, and the like.
- basal media for use may be used.
- Such a basal medium is not limited, for example, DMEM, MEM, F12, DME, RPMI 1640, MCDB (MCDB102, 104, 107, 120, 131, 153, 199 etc.), L15, SkBM, RITC80-7, DMEM / F12 and the like are included.
- Many of these basal media are commercially available, and their compositions are also known.
- the basal medium may be used in a standard composition (for example, as it is commercially available), or the composition may be appropriately changed depending on the cell type and cell conditions. Therefore, the basal medium used in the present invention is not limited to those having a known composition, and includes one in which one or more components are added, removed, increased or decreased.
- the sheeting medium may contain additives such as serum (eg, bovine serum such as fetal bovine serum, horse serum, human serum, etc.), various growth factors (eg, FGF, EGF, VEGF, HGF, etc.).
- Adherent cells include, for example, adherent cells (adherent cells).
- Adherent cells include, for example, adherent somatic cells (eg, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, kidney cells, adrenal cells, periodontal cells, gingival cells, periosteum cells, skin Cells, synovial cells, chondrocytes, etc.) and stem cells (eg, tissue stem cells such as myoblasts, cardiac stem cells, embryonic stem cells, pluripotent stem cells such as iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) Etc.
- adherent somatic cells eg, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, kidney cells, adrenal cells, periodontal cells, gingival cells, periosteum cells, skin Cells, synovial
- Somatic cells may be differentiated from stem cells, particularly iPS cells.
- Non-limiting examples of cells that can form a sheet-like cell culture include, for example, myoblasts (eg, skeletal myoblasts), mesenchymal stem cells (eg, bone marrow, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, skin, hair roots) , Muscle tissue, endometrium, placenta, cord blood, etc.), cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, cardiac stem cells, embryonic stem cells, iPS cells, synovial cells, chondrocytes, epithelial cells (eg, oral mucosal epithelium) Cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, nasal mucosal epithelial cells, etc.), endothelial cells (eg, vascular endothelial cells), hepatocytes (eg, liver parenchymal cells), pancreatic cells (eg, islet cells), kidney cells, adrenal glands Examples include cells, periodontal ligament cells, ging
- the determination of the impedance and / or electrical resistance of the cell culture can be performed by any known method.
- the determination of impedance is not limited.
- the voltage and current are determined by applying an alternating voltage to the cell culture and measuring the current, passing an alternating current through the cell culture and measuring the voltage. However, it can be performed by dividing the voltage by the current.
- the determination of electrical resistance is not limited.
- the voltage and current can be measured by applying a DC voltage to the cell culture and measuring the current, passing a DC current through the cell culture and measuring the voltage. Can be determined by dividing the voltage by the current.
- Devices for determining impedance and / or electrical resistance are well known and such devices can be used to determine the impedance and / or electrical resistance of a cell culture.
- the application of the voltage is not limited.
- the cell culture is formed at a position where the current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode is blocked, and the cell culture is interposed between the working electrode and the counter electrode. This can be done by applying a voltage.
- a working electrode and a counter electrode are arranged on the inner bottom surface of a culture vessel, a cell culture is formed thereon, and a voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode.
- One of the working electrode and the counter electrode is disposed on the basal surface side of the cell culture, the other is disposed on the upper surface side, and a voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode.
- ECIS Electro Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing
- ECIS method TEER (Trans Epithelial Electric Resistance) measurement method
- TEER Trans Epithelial Electric Resistance
- a cell culture e.g., US Pat. No. 5,018,996
- Devices for determining the impedance and / or electrical resistance of cell cultures are also well known (eg, US Pat. No. 5,018,996) and are commercially available (eg, Applied BioPhysics ECIS Z, ECIS Z ⁇ ). , World® Precision® Instruments EVOM2, etc.), and such an apparatus can be used in the sheet forming ability evaluation method of the present invention.
- the phase of voltage or current may be determined accompanying the determination of impedance.
- the determination of the phase of the voltage or current can be performed by any known method, without limitation, for example, a method using a lock-in amplifier or the like. By determining the phase of voltage or current, resistance (electric resistance), reactance, etc. can be determined from the impedance.
- the frequency of the alternating current applied when determining the impedance may be one type or two or more types. Since the cell culture existing between the electrodes can function as a capacitor as in the ECIS model described later, the impedance can vary depending on the frequency, and this difference can also be used for evaluating the sheet forming ability.
- the frequency to be used is not particularly limited as long as information on the sheet forming ability of cells can be obtained. For example, it may be 31.25 Hz to 64 KHz, 4 KHz to 64 KHz, etc., and in particular, 62.5 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz. 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz, 4 KHz, 8 KHz, 16 KHz, 32 KHz, 64 KHz, and the like.
- the determination of the impedance and / or electrical resistance of the cell culture can be performed periodically. By making this determination periodically multiple times, changes in impedance and / or electrical resistance over time can be detected and / or monitored.
- the determination interval is not particularly limited. For example, 0.001 second to 3 hours, 0.01 second to 1 hour, 0.05 seconds to 30 minutes, 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes, 1 second to 1 minute, etc. It may be.
- the period for determining the impedance and / or electrical resistance is not particularly limited as long as information for evaluating the sheet forming ability is obtained. For example, within 72 hours, within 48 hours, within 36 hours, within 24 hours, and 12 hours. Within 10 hours, within 8 hours, within 6 hours, etc.
- Numerical values related to impedance and / or electrical resistance are not limited, for example, numerical values determined accompanying determination of impedance and / or electrical resistance, numerical values calculated from impedance and / or electrical resistance, these Includes numerical values calculated from numerical values.
- the numerical value determined accompanying the determination of the impedance is not limited, for example, voltage, current, frequency of AC voltage, determination time (for example, elapsed time from the start of sheet culture), voltage to be measured or Examples include current phase.
- the numerical value determined accompanying the determination of the electrical resistance is not limited, and examples thereof include voltage, current, and determination time.
- the numerical value calculated from the impedance and the numerical value determined accompanying the determination of the impedance is not limited, and examples thereof include, for example, electric resistance, capacitance, Rb, ⁇ , Cm, Rb / ⁇ , and peaks of the cell culture.
- the determined impedance (Z) is resistance (R) and reactance (Xc).
- the resistance can be obtained by dividing the voltage in phase with the current by the current, and the reactance can be obtained by dividing the voltage different from the current by the current.
- Rb, ⁇ , and Cm can also be calculated using an ECIS model.
- ECIS model cells seeded on the working electrode are regarded as cylindrical objects having a surface made of an insulating film and filled with a conductive electrolyte solution. When an alternating current is passed, the cell gap acts as a resistance when the current flows to the counter electrode, and the cell acts as a capacitor.
- the resistance of the cell gap is called Rb
- the capacitance of the cell membrane is called Cm.
- the basal plane of the cell is not uniformly adhered to the electrode but only partially adhered, there is a uniform gap of height h between the basal plane and the electrode. Assuming that, resistance exists between the basal plane and the electrode.
- ⁇ is used as a parameter representing the resistance between the base surface and the electrode.
- ⁇ rc ( ⁇ / h) 0.5 , where rc represents the radius of the cell, and ⁇ represents the resistance of the medium (sheeting medium).
- Rb and ⁇ can be calculated from the following formulas (see Giaever and Keese, Opp et al., Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Apr 15; 24 (8): 2625-9, etc.).
- Zc represents the impedance per unit area of the electrode coated with cells (working electrode)
- Zn represents the impedance per unit area of the electrode not coated with cells
- Zm represents the unit of cell culture.
- I 0 and I 1 represent the zeroth and first order first-order modified Bessel functions
- S represents the electrode area
- Rn is the determined value of the resistance of the electrode not coated with cells.
- F is the frequency of the alternating voltage
- Cn is the determined value of the capacitance of the electrode not covered with cells
- Rm is the resistance of the cell membrane
- Cm is the capacitance of the cell membrane.
- the parameters R, C, Rb, ⁇ , and Cm can be output by software attached to ECISZ ⁇ (Applied BioPhysics).
- Rb / ⁇ is Rb divided by ⁇ .
- the peak value and peak time represent the numerical value and elapsed time when parameters such as R, C, Rb, ⁇ , Cm, and Rb / ⁇ reach the peak, and the slope to the peak is the peak value divided by the peak time. It is a thing. As shown in Example 3, when cells were seeded, it became clear that R, Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ peaked at a relatively early stage of the sheet culture period and then gradually decreased. Therefore, by using the numerical value related to the peak for the determination, the sheet forming ability of the cell can be determined at an early stage.
- the reference value in step 2 is a numerical value set to determine the degree of sheet forming ability of cells, and can be set by a preliminary experiment using cells with a known degree of sheet forming ability.
- the degree of sheet-forming ability is not limited, and for example, “appropriate” sheet-forming ability to form a normal sheet-shaped cell culture (normal sheet), and “cannot form a normal sheet-shaped cell culture” 2 levels of “abnormal” sheet-forming ability, “appropriate” sheet-forming ability to form normal sheet-like cell culture (normal sheet), breaks when peeled from culture substrate, maintains sheet shape “Low” sheet-forming ability to form a sheet-shaped cell culture (weak sheet) that cannot be formed, and a sheet-shaped cell culture (release sheet) that spontaneously peels off from the culture substrate before the end of the sheet culture period 3 levels of “excessive” sheet-forming ability to be formed.
- the reference value for determining whether the sheet-forming ability corresponds to the above-described two-stage or three-stage level is not limited, and is, for example, a predetermined ratio or more of cells having a certain level of sheet-forming ability
- Non-limiting examples of such proportions include, for example, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%. The higher this ratio, the higher the reliability as the reference value.
- the reference value may be set for all types of numerical values, or may be set only for specific types of numerical values useful for evaluating sheet forming ability.
- the types of numerical values useful for evaluation of sheet forming ability are not limited, and for example, it is possible to select numerical types that show a statistically significant difference between cell groups having different levels of sheet forming ability. .
- the reference value may vary depending on the type of cells constituting the cell culture and the composition ratio of the cell types.
- those skilled in the art can set an appropriate reference value for a cell population having a specific cell type or a specific cell composition ratio by referring to the present specification, particularly the following example. Accordingly, it should be understood that the specific numerical values of the reference values described in the following examples are merely examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these specific numerical values.
- the comparison between the numerical value determined in step (1) and the reference value is, for example, when the reference value is a single numerical value, whether the numerical value determined in step (1) is greater than, smaller than, or equal to the reference value, When the reference value is in the numerical range by determining whether it is less than or equal to the reference value, the numerical value determined in step (1) is included in the reference value, greater than the upper limit, or lower than the lower limit. This can be done by determining whether it is small, above the upper limit, or below the lower limit.
- the sheet forming ability in step (3) for example, as a result of comparing the numerical value determined in step (1) with a reference value, it is determined which standard the sheet forming ability corresponds to. This can be done by determining based on the nature of the value. For example, when the reference value is a single numerical value, a value less than the reference value is associated with an “abnormal” sheet forming ability and a reference value or more is associated with a “proper” sheet forming ability, the numerical value determined in step (1) Is less than the reference value, it can be determined that the sheet forming ability is “abnormal”, and if it is greater than the reference value, the sheet forming ability can be determined to be “appropriate”.
- the reference value is a numerical value range
- the sheet value within the range of the reference value is “appropriate”
- the sheet forming ability below the lower limit of the reference value is “low”
- Steps (2) to (3) may be performed only once or a plurality of times. For example, when determining the sheet forming ability of three or more stages, the sheet forming ability can be determined one step each time Steps (2) to (3) are performed once. More specifically, for example, referring to Example 3, when “less than 550 ⁇ ” is set as the reference value of the peak value of electrical resistance, cells with low sheet forming ability and “appropriate sheet forming ability” "And" excess "cells can be distinguished from each other, but it is not possible to sufficiently distinguish between cells having the proper sheet forming ability and cells having the" excess "sheet forming ability.
- step (3) when the electric resistance is equal to or lower than the reference value or smaller than the reference value, it is determined that the sheet forming ability of the cell is low. In another aspect of step (3), when Rb, ⁇ and Rb / ⁇ are equal to or smaller than the reference value or smaller than the reference value, it is determined that the cell sheet forming ability is low. In another aspect of step (3), when Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ are greater than or equal to a reference value or greater than the reference value, the cell sheet forming ability is determined to be appropriate or excessive. As shown in FIGS.
- the electric resistance, Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ are lower in cells having a low sheet forming ability than in cells having an appropriate or excessive sheet forming ability at all time points of sheet culture.
- the electrical resistance, Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ may be determined at any point during the sheet culture.
- step (3) when the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak value of electrical resistance, the peak value of Rb, and the slope to the peak of Rb is less than or equal to the reference value, And / or when the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak time of electrical resistance and the peak time of Rb is greater than or equal to the reference value or greater than the reference value, it is determined that the sheet forming ability of the cells is low.
- the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak time of electrical resistance and the peak time of Rb is less than or equal to the reference value and is a peak value of Rb / ⁇ .
- step (3) the numerical value selected from the group consisting of the peak value of Rb / ⁇ and the slope to the peak of Rb / ⁇ is greater than or equal to the reference value, and / or Alternatively, when the Rb / ⁇ peak time is equal to or less than the reference value or smaller than the reference value, it is determined that the sheet forming ability of the cell is excessive.
- the sheet-forming ability evaluation method of the present invention is a sheet-like cell representing a lot consisting of a plurality of sheet-like cell cultures produced under the same conditions even when applied to a sheet-like cell culture actually used for transplantation or the like. It may be applied to cultures. In the latter case, the result of the sheet forming ability evaluation by this method can be applied to the whole lot to which the culture belongs. In this case, the production process of the entire lot to which the culture belongs can be adjusted based on the result of the sheet forming ability quality evaluation by this method.
- an extracellular matrix component for example, collagen, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, gelatin, proteoglycan, glycosylated to medium
- an extracellular matrix component for example, collagen, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, gelatin, proteoglycan, glycosylated to medium
- Saminoglycans, etc. and factors that promote the production of extracellular matrix (eg, ascorbic acid, derivatives thereof (eg, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, ascorbic acid monophosphate, etc.), salts thereof (eg, sodium salt, magnesium salt) Etc.)), use of culture substrates coated with serum, extracellular matrix components, etc., seeding at higher cell density, etc. Can do.
- a culture substrate having high cell adhesion for example, a culture substrate having a negatively charged surface (Corning (R) CellBIND ( R), etc.) and the use of a culture substrate coated with an adhesion factor, etc., and the adhesion between cells and the culture substrate, such as coating with serum, extracellular matrix components, adhesion factors, etc. on the surface of the culture substrate
- Measures for early detection of signs of detachment such as measures to reduce the sheet culture time and frequent monitoring to detect detachment of the sheet-shaped cell culture from the culture substrate at an early stage be able to.
- Another aspect of the present invention is (1) determining the impedance and / or electrical resistance of a cell culture during sheeting culture or a numerical value related thereto, (2) comparing the numerical value determined in step (1) with a reference value; (3) A step of determining the sheet-forming ability of cells based on the comparison result obtained in step (2) (4) A step of controlling the manufacturing process of the sheet-shaped cell culture based on the determination result obtained in step (3) And a method for producing a sheet-shaped cell culture (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “manufacturing method” or “controlled manufacturing method”).
- Steps (1) to (3) in the controlled production method of the present invention are as described above for the sheet forming ability evaluation method of the present invention.
- step (4) the manufacturing process of the sheet-shaped cell culture is variously controlled based on the determination result obtained in step (3).
- the sheet-shaped cell culture whose production process is controlled is another sheet-shaped cell culture made of cells belonging to the same cell population (lot), even if it is in the form of sheet culture in step (1). May be. In the latter case, the production of the other sheet-shaped cell culture may be performed in parallel with steps (1) to (3) or after the completion of steps (1) to (3).
- a method for producing a sheet-shaped cell culture is known, and non-limiting examples thereof include, for example, Patent Document 1, JP 2010-081829, JP 2010-226991, JP 2011-110368, JP 2011-172925, It is described in WO 2014/185517.
- a measure for enhancing the sheet forming ability is not limited.
- Components eg, collagen, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, gelatin, proteoglycan, glycosaminoglycan, etc.
- factors that promote the production of extracellular matrix eg, ascorbic acid, its derivatives (eg, ascorbic acid diphosphate, ascorbine) Acid monophosphate, etc.
- salts thereof eg, sodium salt, magnesium salt, etc.
- use of a culture substrate whose surface is coated with serum, extracellular matrix components, etc., seeding at higher cell density If measures such as enhancing the bond between cells are taken, or if the sheet forming ability is determined to be excessive in step (3)
- steps to normalize the sheet formation without limitation, for example, cell adhesion highly culture substrate (e.g., surface is charged negatively culture substrate (Corning (R) CellBIND (R ) , etc.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a sheet forming ability of a cell comprising a container for culturing cells in a sheet and a measuring instrument for determining impedance and / or electrical resistance of the cell culture in the container.
- a system hereinafter, may be abbreviated as “sheet forming ability evaluation system”.
- the sheet forming ability evaluation system of the present invention can be used for the sheet forming ability evaluation method of the present invention and the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- the cell culture container in the sheet forming ability evaluation system of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as cells can be cultivated into a sheet therein, and for example, any known cell culture container can be used.
- the cell culture container preferably has a structure / material that does not allow the sheet-forming medium to permeate. Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, Teflon (registered trademark), polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, nylon 6,6, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, silicon, polystyrene, glass, polyacrylamide, polydimethyl. Examples include acrylamide.
- the cell culture vessel may be provided with a working electrode and / or a counter electrode used for determination of impedance and / or electrical resistance.
- the arrangement of the working electrode and / or the counter electrode is not particularly limited as long as the information necessary for determining the impedance and / or electric resistance of the cell culture can be obtained, and both the working electrode and the counter electrode are attached to the culture vessel. Even if it arrange
- the material of the electrode is not particularly limited as long as a voltage can be applied to the cell culture and sheeting medium, and examples thereof include gold, silver, platinum, carbon, indium tin oxide and the like.
- the cells may be seeded on the electrode, or an insert through which the sheeting medium can permeate may be inserted into the container and seeded in the insert.
- Specific examples of the cell culture container include, for example, various commercially available ECIS (Applied BioBios) arrays (for example, 8W1E, 8W10E, 8W10E +, 8W1F, 8W1EWDD, 8W2x1E, Applied BioPhysics), and the like. .
- the measuring instrument of the sheet forming ability evaluation system of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can determine the impedance and / or electrical resistance of the cell culture, and a known impedance measuring instrument, ohmmeter, or the like can be used.
- the measuring device When the culture vessel is equipped with an electrode, the measuring device is configured to be electrically connectable to the electrode.
- the measuring device is installed in the culture vessel connected to the measuring device.
- An electrode may be provided.
- the measuring instrument is preferably one that can periodically determine impedance and / or electrical resistance.
- the determination interval is not particularly limited. For example, 0.001 second to 3 hours, 0.01 second to 1 hour, 0.05 seconds to 30 minutes, 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes, 1 second to 1 minute, etc.
- the period for determining the impedance and / or electrical resistance is not particularly limited as long as information for evaluating the sheet forming ability is obtained. For example, within 72 hours, within 48 hours, within 36 hours, within 24 hours, and 12 hours. Within 10 hours, within 8 hours, within 6 hours, etc.
- the measuring instrument may be capable of further determining the phase of voltage or current.
- the determination of the phase of the voltage or current can be performed by any known method, without limitation, for example, a method using a lock-in amplifier or the like.
- the measuring instrument may comprise means for determining the phase of the voltage or current, such as a lock-in amplifier.
- the measuring instrument may be capable of determining impedance at one or more frequencies.
- the applicable frequency is not particularly limited as long as information on the sheet forming ability of cells can be obtained, and may be, for example, 31.25 Hz to 64 KHz, 4 KHz to 64 KHz, etc. In particular, 62.5 Hz, 125 Hz, It may be 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz, 4 KHz, 8 KHz, 16 KHz, 32 KHz, 64 KHz, or the like.
- the sheet-forming ability evaluation system of the present invention has an arbitrary configuration suitable for evaluating the sheet-forming ability of cells, for example, a processor, a display device, and the like for recording and processing data relating to impedance and / or electrical resistance from a measuring instrument. It may further include an interface such as an input device, an injector for adding cells and sheeting medium to the container, a cell culture incubator, a stirrer, and the like.
- the sheet-forming ability evaluation system of the present invention is manufactured by connecting a communication system with a system for manufacturing a sheet-shaped cell culture or incorporating the sheet-shaped cell culture in the manufacturing system.
- the process can be controlled. Therefore, the present invention also provides a system for producing a sheet-shaped cell culture that is communicably connected to the sheet-forming ability evaluation system of the present invention or that incorporates the sheet-forming ability evaluation system of the present invention. Also related.
- the control of the production process of the sheet-shaped cell culture based on the evaluation of the sheet forming ability of the cells is as described above with respect to the production method of the present invention.
- Example 1 Classification of cells by sheet-forming ability
- a part of skeletal myoblasts prepared by different methods from different human skeletal muscles was suspended in 20% human serum-containing DMEM-F12 medium (Life Technologies), and a temperature-responsive culture dish (UpCell (R) 12 ⁇ multiwell, cell seed) were seeded at 3.7 ⁇ 10 7 cells, and cultured in a sheet form at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 for 12 to 26 hours. After the sheet culture, the state of the cell culture is observed, and the formed sheet-like cell culture is peeled off from the culture dish (FIG. 1) and remains attached to the culture dish. The cells that formed the former sheet-shaped cell culture were classified as a “peeling sheet group”.
- the sheet-like cell culture that remained attached to the remaining culture dish was detached by lowering the temperature to room temperature.
- the cells that could not maintain the sheet shape during the peeling operation and formed the damaged sheet-shaped cell culture were defined as “weak sheet group”, and the sheet-shaped cell culture (FIG. 3) that maintained the sheet shape.
- the formed cells were classified as “normal sheet group”.
- Example 2 Measurement of electrical characteristics in sheet culture
- ECISZ ⁇ Applied BioPhysics
- ECISZ ⁇ measures the impedance, voltage, and phase of the cell layer on the electrode in real time, and the electrical resistance (R) and capacitance (C) of the cell layer, Rb as an index of the adhesion state between cells, the cell and the electrode ( Parameters such as ⁇ , which is an index of the state of adhesion to the culture substrate), and the average capacitance Cm of the cell membrane can be calculated (see Operation Manual for all ECIS Systems, Version 1.2.78, Applied BioPhysics).
- Example 1 Cells of each group classified in Example 1 were seeded at a density of 8.57 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well in a well plate with electrodes (8W10E +, Applied BioPhysics), and 37 ° C. in DMEM-F12 medium containing 20% human serum. While performing sheet culture in an environment of 5% CO 2 , the impedance, voltage, and phase thereof were measured and recorded over time in MFT (Multiple Frequency / Time) mode using ECISZ ⁇ . The measurement frequencies were 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000, 32000, and 64000 Hz, and the measurement results at 8000 Hz were used below. The device was operated according to the manufacturer's manual. After the measurement, various parameters were calculated using the attached software.
- MFT Multiple Frequency / Time
- FIG. 4 shows changes in electrical resistance (R) over time during sheet culture in a representative experiment of each group. From this figure, it can be seen that the electric resistance of the weak sheet group is lower than that of the other groups. Therefore, a low electrical resistance value is an indicator of a weak sheet. It can also be seen that the electrical resistance increases rapidly at the beginning of sheet culture and gradually decreases after peaking.
- FIG. 5 shows changes in Rb and ⁇ over time during sheet culture in representative experiments of each group. From the figure, it can be seen that the Rb of the weak sheet group is lower than the other groups. Therefore, a low Rb is an indicator of a weak sheet.
- ⁇ of the release sheet group is almost the same as that of the normal sheet group, but Rb of the release sheet group is higher than that of the normal sheet group. It can be seen that it is relatively high.
- a graph of Rb / ⁇ obtained by dividing Rb by ⁇ was prepared. Rb / ⁇ is considered to indicate the ease of detachment of the cell culture from the culture substrate (cell detachability). From the results shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the Rb / ⁇ of the release sheet group is significantly higher than the other groups.
- the peak value (the highest value during sheet culture), the peak time (time to reach the peak value), and the slope to the peak (peak value / It was examined whether (peak time) can be an index of sheet forming ability.
- the individual values for each cell tested and the average value for each group are shown below.
- the average value of each group is shown in FIGS.
- Cells forming a weak sheet have small peak values for all parameters, particularly extremely small values for R and Rb.
- Cells that form normal sheets or release sheets have large peak values for all parameters, and cells that form release sheets have particularly large peak values for Rb / ⁇ .
- Cells that form a weak sheet have a long peak time for all parameters, and in particular, the peak times for R, Rb, and Rb / ⁇ are extremely long.
- Cells that form normal sheets or release sheets have short peak times for all parameters, and cells that form release sheets have particularly short Rb / ⁇ peak times.
- the cells forming the weak sheet have a small slope to the peak of all parameters, and in particular, the slopes to the R, Rb, and Rb / ⁇ peaks are extremely small.
- Cells forming a normal sheet or a release sheet have a large inclination to the peak of all parameters, and cells forming a release sheet have a particularly large inclination to the peak of Rb / ⁇ .
- Tables 7 to 8 show the results of analyzing the numerical values of the weak sheet group, normal sheet group, and release sheet group by t-test.
- Tables 9 to 10 show the results of analyzing the numerical value of the weak sheet group and the numerical value of the group including the normal sheet group and the release sheet group by t-test (weak ⁇ normal / exfoliation), and the normal sheet group and The result (normal x peeling) which analyzed the numerical value of the normal sheet group and the peeling sheet group in the group which put the peeling sheet group together by t test is shown.
- the analysis by t-test was performed after F-test, followed by “t-test targeting two samples with equal variance” or “t-test targeting two samples with non-uniform variance” (one-sided distribution).
- Tables 7 to 8 are numerical values after Bonferroni correction. Assuming that the significance level is 5%, the results shown in Tables 7 to 8 show that the weak sheet and the normal sheet have the R, Rb, and Rb / ⁇ peak values and the slope to the peak, and the ⁇ peak value. There was a statistically significant difference between the peak value of R and Rb and the slope to the peak between the release sheet and the release sheet, but there was an item showing a statistically significant difference between the normal sheet and the release sheet. I could't.
- the numerical value of the normal sheet group after comparing the numerical value of the weak sheet group with the numerical value of the group combining the normal sheet group and the release sheet group, in the group combining the normal sheet group and the release sheet group, the numerical value of the normal sheet group between the weak sheet group and the normal sheet group and the release sheet group.
- the peak values of R, Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ , Rb and Rb / ⁇ are compared. A statistically significant difference is observed in the peak time of and the slope to the R, Rb, and Rb / ⁇ peaks, and the R peak value is statistically different between the normal sheet group and the release sheet group. Significant differences were observed.
- the peak value, peak time, and slope to the peak of each parameter of R, Rb, ⁇ , and Rb / ⁇ can be an index for distinguishing cells that form a weak sheet, a normal sheet, or a release sheet.
- the reference values shown in Tables 11 to 12 below were set for the peak value, peak time, and slope to the peak of each parameter, and it was examined whether or not the above distinction was possible. The results are shown in Tables 13 to 14 below.
- reference values for example, those that are 100% or 0% for a specific group of cells can be said to be extremely useful as reference values.
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Abstract
Description
シート状細胞培養物の治療への応用については、火傷などによる皮膚損傷に対する培養表皮シートの利用、角膜損傷に対する角膜上皮シート状細胞培養物の利用、食道ガン内視鏡的切除に対する口腔粘膜シート状細胞培養物の利用などの検討が進められている。
<1>(1)シート化培養中の細胞培養物のインピーダンスおよび/もしくは電気抵抗またはこれに関連する数値を決定するステップ、
(2)ステップ(1)で決定した数値と基準値とを比較するステップ、
(3)ステップ(2)で得た比較結果に基づき細胞のシート形成能を判定するステップ
を含む、細胞のシート形成能を評価する方法。
<2>(1)シート化培養中の細胞培養物のインピーダンスおよび/もしくは電気抵抗またはこれに関連する数値を決定するステップ、
(2)ステップ(1)で決定した数値と基準値とを比較するステップ、
(3)ステップ(2)で得た比較結果に基づき細胞のシート形成能を判定するステップ
(4)ステップ(3)で得た判定結果に基づいてシート状細胞培養物の製造過程を制御するステップ
を含む、シート状細胞培養物の製造方法。
<4>ステップ(1)において、電流に対する電圧の位相をさらに決定する、上記<1>~<3>のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
<5>ステップ(1)におけるインピーダンスの決定が、2以上の周波数において行われる、上記<1>~<4>のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
<6>インピーダンスに関連する数値が、細胞培養物の電気抵抗、キャパシタンス、Rb、α、Rb/α、Cmからなる群から選択されるパラメータ、ならびに、該パラメータのピーク値、ピーク時間およびピークまでの傾きからなる群から選択される、上記<1>~<5>のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
<8>ステップ(3)において、Rb、αおよびRb/αが基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が低いと判定する、上記<6>または<7>に記載の方法。
<9>ステップ(3)において、Rb、αおよびRb/αが基準値以上であるか、基準値より大きい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が適正または過剰と判定する、上記<6>または<7>に記載の方法。
<10>ステップ(3)において、電気抵抗のピーク値、Rbのピーク値およびRbのピークまでの傾きからなる群から選択される数値が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合、および/または、電気抵抗のピーク時間およびRbのピーク時間からなる群から選択される数値が基準値以上であるか、基準値より大きい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が低いと判定する、上記<6>に記載の方法。
<12>ステップ(3)において、Rb/αのピーク値およびRb/αのピークまでの傾きからなる群から選択される数値が基準値以上であるか、基準値より大きい場合、および/または、Rb/αのピーク時間が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が過剰と判定する、上記<6>に記載の方法。
<13>細胞をシート化培養するための容器と、容器中の細胞培養物のインピーダンスおよび/または電気抵抗を決定するための測定器とを備えた、細胞のシート形成能を評価するためのシステム。
(2)ステップ(1)で決定した数値と基準値とを比較するステップ、
(3)ステップ(2)で得た比較結果に基づき細胞のシート形成能を判定するステップ
を含む、細胞のシート形成能を評価する方法(以下、「シート形成能評価方法」と略す場合がある)に関する。
(2)ステップ(1)で決定した数値と基準値とを比較するステップ、
(3)ステップ(2)で得た比較結果に基づき細胞のシート形成能を判定するステップ
(4)ステップ(3)で得た判定結果に基づいてシート状細胞培養物の製造過程を制御するステップ
を含む、シート状細胞培養物の製造方法(以下、「製造方法」または「制御製造方法」と略す場合がある)に関する。
ステップ(4)においては、ステップ(3)で得た判定結果に基づいてシート状細胞培養物の製造過程を様々に制御する。製造過程が制御されるシート状細胞培養物は、ステップ(1)でシート化培養中のものであっても、これと同じ細胞集団(ロット)に属する細胞による別のシート状細胞培養物であってもよい。後者の場合、当該別のシート状細胞培養物の製造は、ステップ(1)~(3)と並行して行っても、ステップ(1)~(3)の終了後に行ってもよい。シート状細胞培養物の製造方法は知られており、その非限定例は、例えば、特許文献1、特開2010-081829、特開2010-226991、特開2011-110368、特開2011-172925、WO 2014/185517などに記載されている。制御の非限定例としては、例えば、ステップ(3)でシート形成能が低いと判定された場合に、シート形成能を増強するための措置、限定されずに、例えば、培地への細胞外基質成分(例えば、コラーゲン、ラミニン、フィブロネクチン、ビトロネクチン、ゼラチン、プロテオグリカン、グリコサミノグリカン等)や細胞外基質の産生を促進する因子(例えば、アスコルビン酸、その誘導体(例えば、アスコルビン酸2リン酸、アスコルビン酸1リン酸等)、その塩(例えば、ナトリウム塩、マグネシウム塩等)など)の添加、血清、細胞外基質成分等で表面がコートされた培養基材の使用、より高い細胞密度での播種といった、細胞間の結合を増強するための措置などを講じることや、ステップ(3)でシート形成能が過剰と判定された場合に、シート形成を正常化するための措置、限定されずに、例えば、細胞接着性の高い培養基材(例えば、表面がネガティブにチャージされた培養基材(Corning(R) CellBIND(R)等)や、接着因子がコーティングされた培養基材等)の使用、培養基材表面の血清、細胞外基質成分、接着因子等によるコーティングといった、細胞と培養基材との接着を増強するための措置や、シート化培養時間の短縮、シート状細胞培養物の培養基材からの剥離を早期に検出するための頻繁なモニタリングといった、剥離の兆候を早期に検出するための措置などを講じることなどが挙げられる。
異なるヒト骨格筋から定法により調製した骨格筋芽細胞の一部を20%ヒト血清含有DMEM-F12培地(Life Technologies)に懸濁し、温度応答性培養皿(UpCell(R)12穴マルチウェル、セルシード)に3.7×107個播種し、37℃、5%CO2の環境で12~26時間シート化培養を行った。シート化培養後、細胞培養物の状態を観察し、形成されたシート状細胞培養物が培養皿から剥離しているもの(図1)と、培養皿に付着したままになっているものとに分け、前者のシート状細胞培養物を形成した細胞を「剥離シート群」として分類した。残りの培養皿に付着したままのシート状細胞培養物は、室温への温度低下により剥離した。剥離操作の際にシート形状を維持できず、破損したシート状細胞培養物(図2)を形成した細胞を「弱シート群」、シート形状を維持できたシート状細胞培養物(図3)を形成した細胞を「正常シート群」として、それぞれ分類した。
例1で同定した「弱シート」、「正常シート」および「剥離シート」における細胞の接着状態を評価するために、リアルタイム細胞解析装置ECISZθ(Applied BioPhysics)を用いて各シートのシート化培養における電気的特性を評価した。ECISZθは、電極上の細胞層のインピーダンス、電圧およびその位相をリアルタイムで測定し、細胞層の電気抵抗(R)およびキャパシタンス(C)、細胞間の接着状態の指標となるRb、細胞と電極(培養基材)との間の接着状態の指標となるα、細胞膜の平均キャパシタンスCmなどのパラメータを算出することができる(Operation Manual for all ECIS Systems, Version 1.2.78、Applied BioPhysics参照)。
図4に、各群の代表的な実験におけるシート化培養時の経時的な電気抵抗(R)の推移を示す。同図より、弱シート群の電気抵抗が他の群に比べて低いことが分かる。したがって、低い電気抵抗値は、弱シートの指標となる。また、電気抵抗が、シート化培養の初期に急速に増大し、ピークを付けた後、徐々に低下していくことが分かる。
(1)弱シートを形成する細胞は、すべてのパラメータのピーク値が小さく、特にR、Rbで極端に小さい。
(2)正常シートまたは剥離シートを形成する細胞は、すべてのパラメータのピーク値が大きく、剥離シートを形成する細胞は特にRb/αのピーク値大きい。
(3)弱シートを形成する細胞は、すべてのパラメータのピーク時間が長く、特にR、Rb、Rb/αのピーク時間が極端に長い。
(4)正常シートまたは剥離シートを形成する細胞は、すべてのパラメータのピーク時間が短く、剥離シートを形成する細胞は特にRb/αのピーク時間が短い。
(5)弱シートを形成する細胞は、すべてのパラメータのピークまでの傾きが小さく、特にR、Rb、Rb/αのピークまでの傾きが極端に小さい。
(6)正常シートまたは剥離シートを形成する細胞は、すべてのパラメータのピークまでの傾きが大きく、剥離シートを形成する細胞は特にRb/αのピークまでの傾きが大きい。
Claims (13)
- (1)シート化培養中の細胞培養物のインピーダンスおよび/もしくは電気抵抗またはこれに関連する数値を決定するステップ、
(2)ステップ(1)で決定した数値と基準値とを比較するステップ、
(3)ステップ(2)で得た比較結果に基づき細胞のシート形成能を判定するステップ
を含む、細胞のシート形成能を評価する方法。 - (1)シート化培養中の細胞培養物のインピーダンスおよび/もしくは電気抵抗またはこれに関連する数値を決定するステップ、
(2)ステップ(1)で決定した数値と基準値とを比較するステップ、
(3)ステップ(2)で得た比較結果に基づき細胞のシート形成能を判定するステップ
(4)ステップ(3)で得た判定結果に基づいてシート状細胞培養物の製造過程を制御するステップ
を含む、シート状細胞培養物の製造方法。 - ステップ(1)において、インピーダンスおよび/または電気抵抗の決定が定期的に行われる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- ステップ(1)において、電流に対する電圧の位相をさらに決定する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(1)におけるインピーダンスの決定が、2以上の周波数において行われる、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- インピーダンスに関連する数値が、細胞培養物の電気抵抗、キャパシタンス、Rb、α、Rb/α、Cmからなる群から選択されるパラメータ、ならびに、該パラメータのピーク値、ピーク時間およびピークまでの傾きからなる群から選択される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(3)において、電気抵抗が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が低いと判定する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(3)において、Rb、αおよびRb/αが基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が低いと判定する、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- ステップ(3)において、Rb、αおよびRb/αが基準値以上であるか、基準値より大きい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が適正または過剰と判定する、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- ステップ(3)において、電気抵抗のピーク値、Rbのピーク値およびRbのピークまでの傾きからなる群から選択される数値が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合、および/または、電気抵抗のピーク時間およびRbのピーク時間からなる群から選択される数値が基準値以上であるか、基準値より大きい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が低いと判定する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ステップ(3)において、電気抵抗のピーク時間およびRbのピーク時間からなる群から選択される数値が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さく、かつ、Rb/αのピーク値およびRb/αのピークまでの傾きからなる群から選択される数値が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合、および/または、電気抵抗のピーク時間およびRbのピーク時間からなる群から選択される数値が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さく、かつ、Rb/αのピーク時間が基準値以上であるか、基準値より大きい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が適正と判定する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ステップ(3)において、Rb/αのピーク値およびRb/αのピークまでの傾きからなる群から選択される数値が基準値以上であるか、基準値より大きい場合、および/または、Rb/αのピーク時間が基準値以下であるか、基準値より小さい場合に、細胞のシート形成能が過剰と判定する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 細胞をシート化培養するための容器と、容器中の細胞培養物のインピーダンスおよび/または電気抵抗を決定するための測定器とを備えた、細胞のシート形成能を評価するためのシステム。
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